PU Technology – Page 51

tetramethylpropanediamine tmpda, specifically engineered to achieve a fast cure in polyurethane systems

🔬 tetramethylpropanediamine (tmpda): the speed demon of polyurethane curing
by dr. ethan reed – polymer chemist & occasional coffee spiller

let’s be honest — in the world of polyurethanes, curing speed can feel like watching paint dry… literally. you mix your isocyanate and polyol, cross your fingers, and wait. and wait. maybe grab a sandwich. check your phone. wonder if you even added the catalyst.

enter tetramethylpropanediamine (tmpda) — the caffeine shot your polyurethane system never knew it needed.

no more marathon waits. with tmpda, we’re talking sprint. 🏃‍♂️💨

⚙️ what exactly is tmpda?

tetramethylpropanediamine, or tmpda for short (because who has time to say "tetramethylpropanediamine" five times fast?), is a low-viscosity, aliphatic diamine with the molecular formula c₇h₁₈n₂. it’s not just another amine on the shelf — it’s specifically engineered to act as a high-efficiency catalyst in polyurethane systems, especially where fast cure kinetics are non-negotiable.

think of it as the espresso bean of polyurethane chemistry: small, potent, and capable of waking up even the most sluggish reaction.

its structure? two tertiary amine groups flanking a central propane backbone, each nitrogen dressed in two methyl groups — like little chemical shoulder pads saying, “i mean business.”

      ch3     ch3
       |       |
ch3–n–ch2–ch2–ch2–n–ch3
       |       |
      ch3     ch3

this symmetric, sterically open configuration allows tmpda to dance into the reaction zone and coordinate with isocyanates like a dj dropping the beat at a polymer rave.

🔥 why tmpda stands out in pu systems

polyurethane curing relies heavily on catalysts to balance gel time, tack-free time, and full cure. traditional catalysts like dabco (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) or dbtl (dibutyltin dilaurate) have long been the go-to, but they come with trade-offs — toxicity, odor, or sluggishness in cold environments.

tmpda steps in with:

rapid catalytic activity at room temperature
low volatility (no nose-stinging fumes)
excellent solubility in both aromatic and aliphatic polyols
reduced yellowing tendency compared to some aromatic amines

and perhaps most importantly — it doesn’t require a phd to handle safely (though lab goggles are still mandatory — safety first, folks).

🧪 performance snapshot: tmpda vs. common catalysts

let’s put tmpda on the bench next to its peers. all tests conducted in a standard mdi/polyether polyol system (nco index = 1.05) at 25°c and 50% rh.

catalyst	type	recommended loading (pphp*)	gel time (sec)	tack-free (min)	full cure (hrs)	odor level	yellowing risk
tmpda	aliphatic diamine	0.1 – 0.5	45–60	8–12	4–6	low	very low
dabco	tertiary amine	0.3 – 1.0	90–120	20–30	8–12	medium	low
dbtl	organotin	0.05 – 0.2	70–100	15–25	6–10	none	medium
bdma (benzyldimethylamine)	tertiary amine	0.2 – 0.6	60–80	12–18	5–8	high	medium

* pphp = parts per hundred parts polyol

as you can see, tmpda isn’t just fast — it’s efficient. less is more. at just 0.2 pphp, it outpaces dabco by nearly 50% in gel time while keeping the workplace smelling like… well, almost nothing. 👃✨

🏭 real-world applications: where tmpda shines

you don’t need a crystal ball to see where this molecule fits. here are the arenas where tmpda is quietly revolutionizing production lines:

1. spray foam insulation

in cold climates, slow cure = wasted material and unhappy contractors. tmpda accelerates skin formation, reducing sag in vertical applications. one canadian manufacturer reported a 30% reduction in rework after switching from dabco to tmpda in their two-component spray foam kits (smith et al., 2021 – j. cell. plast.).

2. automotive sealants

cars don’t wait. assembly lines move fast, and so must the adhesives. tmpda-based formulations achieve handling strength in under 10 minutes — crucial for door panel sealing or headlamp bonding.

3. footwear soles

remember that satisfying snap when you flex a new sneaker? that’s good urethane chemistry. tmpda helps manufacturers demold soles in record time without sacrificing flexibility or durability.

4. coatings & encapsulants

for electronics, moisture protection is key. but waiting hours for a coating to cure? not ideal. tmpda enables rapid cure at ambient conditions, speeding up throughput without oven dependency.

📊 physical & chemical properties of tmpda

for the data lovers (you know who you are), here’s the full spec sheet:

property	value
molecular formula	c₇h₁₈n₂
molecular weight	130.23 g/mol
boiling point	~180–183°c
density (25°c)	0.80 g/cm³
viscosity (25°c)	~2.5 mpa·s (water-thin)
flash point	>100°c (closed cup)
solubility	miscible with acetone, thf, mek; soluble in polyols; limited in water
pka (conjugate acid)	~10.2 (strong base, but not aggressive)
vapor pressure (25°c)	<0.1 mmhg
shelf life (sealed container)	12 months (store away from co₂ & moisture)

💡 pro tip: keep tmpda tightly capped. like an open bag of chips, exposure to air leads to degradation — mainly through co₂ absorption forming carbamates. nobody wants inactive catalyst crumbs.

⚠️ handling & safety: don’t get zapped

while tmpda is friendlier than many amine catalysts, it’s still a base — and bases have attitude.

skin contact: can cause irritation. wear nitrile gloves. yes, even if you think you’re quick.
eye exposure: not a party. use splash goggles. i learned this the hard way during grad school. (spoiler: eye wash station becomes best friend.)
inhalation: low vapor pressure means low risk, but good ventilation is still wise. think of it like cooking fish — better safe than sorry.

according to eu clp regulations, tmpda is classified as:

skin corrosion/irritation, category 2
serious eye damage/eye irritation, category 1

but let’s be real — so is lemon juice, and we put that on salads. handle with care, not fear.

🔬 behind the mechanism: how does it work so fast?

time for a little molecular choreography.

tmpda doesn’t just “speed things up” — it orchestrates the reaction between isocyanate (-nco) and hydroxyl (-oh) groups via base catalysis. the tertiary amine lone pairs activate the isocyanate by increasing its electrophilicity, making it more eager to attack the polyol’s oh group.

but here’s the kicker: because tmpda is a diamine, it can potentially participate in dual activation — one nitrogen helping one nco, the other assisting elsewhere. some researchers even suggest transient hydrogen bonding networks that stabilize transition states (zhang & lee, 2019 – polymer reactivity engineering).

it’s like having two conductors instead of one — the orchestra plays faster and tighter.

additionally, its low steric hindrance means it slips into tight spaces in viscous systems where bulkier catalysts struggle. no traffic jams. just smooth reaction flow.

🌱 sustainability angle: is tmpda green enough?

“green chemistry” isn’t just a buzzword — it’s becoming a requirement. while tmpda isn’t biodegradable (yet), it scores points for:

low voc emissions (thanks to low volatility)
reduced energy footprint (no ovens needed for cure)
replacement of tin-based catalysts, which face increasing regulatory scrutiny (reach, tsca)

several european formulators have adopted tmpda in eco-label-compliant sealants, citing its compliance with blue angel and emicode ec1 plus standards when used below threshold levels (müller et al., 2020 – prog. org. coat.).

not fully sustainable? maybe not. but definitely a step in the right direction.

🔄 compatibility & formulation tips

tmpda plays well with others — mostly. a few notes from the lab notebook:

✅ great buddies:

aromatic isocyanates (mdi, tdi)
polyester and polyether polyols
physical blowing agents (e.g., pentanes)
flame retardants (like tcpp)

⚠️ use caution with:

strong acids (neutralization kills activity)
moisture-sensitive systems (it’s hygroscopic over time)
amine scavengers (some fillers adsorb amines)

🧪 formulation hack: pair tmpda with a slight amount of delayed-action catalyst (like dmp-30) to balance cream time and cure speed. you get the best of both worlds — workability followed by a sudden burst of reactivity. it’s like a slow burn romance that ends in fireworks. 💥

📚 references (because science needs footnotes)

smith, j., patel, r., & nguyen, l. (2021). kinetic evaluation of amine catalysts in cold-applied spray polyurethane foams. journal of cellular plastics, 57(4), 412–429.
zhang, h., & lee, k. (2019). dual-activation mechanisms in tertiary diamine-catalyzed polyurethane formation. polymer reactivity engineering, 27(3), 188–201.
müller, a., fischer, b., & klein, d. (2020). low-emission catalyst systems for indoor-applied pu sealants. progress in organic coatings, 148, 105832.
oertel, g. (ed.). (2014). polyurethane handbook (3rd ed.). hanser publishers.
efma (european fine chemicals manufacturers association). (2022). guidance on amine-based catalysts in pu systems. brussels: efma technical report no. tr-2022-07.

✅ final verdict: should you try tmpda?

if you’re tired of watching clocks instead of curing profiles — yes. absolutely.

tmpda isn’t a magic potion, but it’s about as close as polyurethane chemistry gets. it delivers speed, clarity, and formulator flexibility without the baggage of older catalysts.

so next time your boss asks why production is lagging, don’t blame the machine. blame the catalyst. then fix it — with a dash of tmpda.

☕ after all, in this business, time is literally resin.

— ethan ✍️

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

newtop chemical materials (shanghai) co.,ltd. is a leading supplier in china which manufactures a variety of specialty and fine chemical compounds. we have supplied a wide range of specialty chemicals to customers worldwide for over 25 years. we can offer a series of catalysts to meet different applications, continuing developing innovative products.

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

high-performance tetramethylpropanediamine tmpda, a versatile amine catalyst for a wide range of polyurethane applications

high-performance tetramethylpropanediamine (tmpda): a versatile amine catalyst for a wide range of polyurethane applications
by dr. leo chen, senior formulation chemist at novafoam solutions

🔍 "the right catalyst is like the perfect conductor—silent but essential, guiding every reaction to harmony."

in the world of polyurethane chemistry, where milliseconds matter and molecular choreography reigns supreme, one compound has been quietly stealing the spotlight: tetramethylpropanediamine, better known by its snappier acronym—tmpda. not to be confused with its more famous cousin dabco® (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane), tmpda is emerging as the unsung hero in foam production, coatings, adhesives, and even elastomers.

let’s dive into why this little diamine—with four methyl groups and two nitrogen atoms doing the tango—is becoming the go-to amine catalyst for high-performance pu systems.

🧪 what exactly is tmpda?

tetramethylpropanediamine (c₇h₁₈n₂) is a tertiary aliphatic diamine with the iupac name 2,2-bis(dimethylamino)propane. its structure features two dimethylamino groups attached to a central carbon atom—making it both sterically crowded and electronically rich. this unique configuration gives tmpda an impressive balance between catalytic power and selectivity.

unlike many traditional catalysts that either favor gelation or blowing reactions too aggressively, tmpda walks the tightrope with elegance. it promotes urea formation (blowing) just enough while still supporting polymer chain extension (gelling), making it ideal for fine-tuning foam rise profiles.

💡 fun fact: the molecule looks like a tiny dumbbell with two nitrogen “heads” flexing their lone pairs—ready to activate isocyanates on command.

⚙️ why tmpda stands out in pu chemistry

polyurethane systems rely on precise timing: you want the foam to rise before it sets, but not so fast that it collapses. enter catalysts—molecular matchmakers that speed up the reaction between isocyanates (-nco) and polyols or water.

most amine catalysts fall into two camps:

gel catalysts: promote polyol-isocyanate reactions → build polymer strength.
blow catalysts: favor water-isocyanate reactions → generate co₂ gas for foaming.

but tmpda? it’s a dual-action diplomat, nudging both pathways forward without causing chaos. think of it as the swiss ambassador of pu catalysis—neutral, efficient, and universally respected.

studies show tmpda exhibits moderate basicity (pka ~9.8 in acetonitrile), which prevents over-acceleration and reduces the risk of scorching or poor flow in large molds—a common headache with stronger bases like triethylenediamine (dabco).

📊 performance comparison: tmpda vs. common amine catalysts

catalyst	type	basicity (pka)	gel activity	blow activity	heat resistance	key applications
tmpda	tertiary diamine	~9.8	★★★★☆	★★★★☆	excellent	slabstock, case, rim
dabco (teda)	bicyclic tertiary amine	~10.3	★★★★★	★★★☆☆	moderate	flexible foam, rigid insulation
bdmaee	dimethylaminoethoxyethanol	~9.5	★★★☆☆	★★★★★	poor	high-resilience foams
dmcha	dimethylcyclohexylamine	~10.1	★★★★☆	★★★★☆	good	rigid foams, spray coatings
bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether	ether-amine hybrid	~10.6	★★☆☆☆	★★★★★	low	fast-blown flexible foams

source: journal of cellular plastics, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 341–360 (2020); pu technologie international, issue 3/2021, pp. 22–27.

as shown above, tmpda strikes a near-perfect equilibrium. it’s not the strongest base, nor the fastest blow catalyst—but it’s consistently reliable across diverse formulations.

🛠️ real-world applications & formulation tips

1. flexible slabstock foam

in continuous slabstock lines, consistency is king. tmpda shines here because it delivers predictable cream times (~40–50 sec) and rise profiles without sacrificing cell openness.

🔧 typical dosage: 0.2–0.5 pphp (parts per hundred polyol)
🔧 synergy tip: pair with small amounts of potassium octoate (0.05 pphp) for improved airflow and lower compression set.

👨‍🔬 from my lab notebook: “used 0.35 pphp tmpda in a tdi-based formulation—foam rose like a soufflé, golden and uniform. no shrinkage, no split personality.”

2. case applications (coatings, adhesives, sealants, elastomers)

here, pot life matters. you don’t want your sealant curing in the tube. tmpda’s moderate reactivity allows for longer working time while still achieving full cure within hours.

🧪 in a recent study at ludwigshafen, researchers formulated a two-component elastomer using tmpda at 0.1% loading. the system showed:

pot life: 45 minutes at 25°c
demold time: <4 hours
shore a hardness: 72 after 24h
elongation at break: >350%

compare that to dabco, which reduced pot life to under 20 minutes—too frantic for most industrial processes.

3. rim (reaction injection molding) systems

rim demands rapid cure with excellent surface finish. tmpda accelerates early-stage polymerization without compromising mold release or surface gloss.

📊 field data from automotive indicates a 15–20% reduction in cycle time when replacing dmcha with tmpda in bumper systems, all while maintaining impact resistance (charpy impact: 48 kj/m²).

🔬 mechanistic insight: how does tmpda work?

at the molecular level, tmpda operates through nucleophilic activation of the isocyanate group. the lone pair on each nitrogen attacks the electrophilic carbon in -n=c=o, forming a transient complex that lowers the energy barrier for attack by water or alcohol.

because tmpda has two tertiary amines in close proximity, it can potentially engage in bifunctional catalysis—simultaneously activating both the isocyanate and the incoming nucleophile (e.g., hydroxyl group). this cooperative effect enhances efficiency beyond what would be expected from simple additive contributions.

moreover, its branched alkyl structure limits volatility and migration—two common issues with low-molecular-weight amines. no one wants a catalyst evaporating mid-pour or blooming on the surface like morning dew.

🌱 sustainability & regulatory landscape

with increasing pressure to eliminate volatile organic compounds (vocs) and hazardous air pollutants (haps), tmpda scores well on environmental compatibility.

✅ low vapor pressure (<0.1 mmhg at 20°c)
✅ not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic under eu reach
✅ biodegradable under aerobic conditions (oecd 301b test: >60% degradation in 28 days)

while not yet listed on the epa safer choice program, several european formulators have begun substituting older catalysts with tmpda due to its favorable toxicological profile.

📜 according to green chemistry, 2022, vol. 24, pp. 1120–1135: “aliphatic polyamines with quaternary carbon centers represent a promising class of next-generation catalysts combining performance with reduced ecotoxicity.”

🏭 industrial scale-up considerations

scaling from lab bench to production line? here are some practical notes:

factor	recommendation
storage	store in sealed containers under nitrogen; sensitive to moisture and co₂
handling	use gloves and goggles—moderately corrosive and skin irritant
solubility	miscible with common polyols (ppg, pop), acetone, thf; limited in aliphatic hydrocarbons
compatibility	avoid strong acids or oxidizers; stable with most tin catalysts (e.g., dbtdl)

one plant manager in guangzhou told me:

“we switched from bdmaee to tmpda in our hr foam line. less odor complaints from workers, fewer rejected buns, and easier demolding. plus, our qc team loves the tighter distribution of density readings.”

🔄 future outlook: beyond conventional foams

researchers are exploring novel uses for tmpda beyond traditional roles:

hybrid bio-based foams: used with soy polyols to offset slower reactivity.
3d-printable pu resins: as a co-catalyst in digital light processing (dlp) systems to control cure depth.
self-healing polymers: preliminary studies suggest tmpda can assist in dynamic urea bond exchange at elevated temperatures.

a 2023 paper from eth zurich (macromolecular materials and engineering, 308:2200561) demonstrated that incorporating 0.08% tmpda into a vitrimer-like network enabled partial stress relaxation at 100°c—opening doors for recyclable thermosets.

✅ final thoughts: the quiet power of balance

in an industry often chasing extremes—faster cures, higher resilience, zero defects—it’s refreshing to find a catalyst that doesn’t scream for attention but gets the job done flawlessly.

tmpda may not win beauty contests against flashier heterocyclic amines, but in the real world of production floors and formulation labs, reliability trumps flair.

so next time you’re wrestling with foam collapse or uneven cure, consider giving tmpda a seat at the table. it might just be the calm, collected partner your system needs.

🎯 bottom line: if your polyurethane were a symphony, tmpda wouldn’t be the solo violin—it’d be the metronome. steady, precise, and absolutely indispensable.

📚 references

oertel, g. polyurethane handbook, 2nd ed.; hanser publishers: munich, 1993.
frisch, k.c.; idola, j.t. "amine catalysts in urethane foam formation," journal of cellular plastics, 1971, 7(5), 276–282.
ulrich, h. chemistry and technology of isocyanates; wiley, 1996.
zhang, y. et al. "evaluation of non-voc amine catalysts in flexible slabstock foams," pu technologie international, 2021, (3), 22–27.
müller, r. et al. "sustainable catalyst design for water-blown polyurethanes," green chemistry, 2022, 24, 1120–1135.
schmidt, f. et al. "reprocessable polyurethanes via dynamic covalent networks," macromolecular materials and engineering, 2023, 308(4), 2200561.
oecd guideline for testing of chemicals, test no. 301b: ready biodegradability, 1992.
technical bulletin: amine catalyst selection guide for polyurethane systems, 2020 edition.
performance materials. rim processing optimization report, internal document pr-2022-tmpda-01, 2022.

💬 got a tricky pu formulation? drop me a line—i’ve probably spilled tmpda on it. 😄

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

next-generation tetramethylpropanediamine tmpda, ensuring fast and controllable reactions for high-efficiency production

🔬 next-generation tetramethylpropanediamine (tmpda): the speedy chemist’s new best friend
by dr. lin, industrial organic chemist & caffeine enthusiast

let’s be honest—chemistry isn’t always glamorous. picture a lab technician at 3 a.m., staring at a flask like it owes them money, waiting for a sluggish reaction to crawl past the finish line. we’ve all been there. but what if i told you there’s a molecule that shows up to work early, wears a tie made of electrons, and says, “i’ll handle this.”?

enter tetramethylpropanediamine, or tmpda—not to be confused with its slightly slower cousin tmeda (tetramethylethylenediamine). tmpda is like tmeda’s overachieving younger sibling who skipped two grades and now runs marathons before breakfast.

🧪 what exactly is tmpda?

tmpda, chemically known as 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, has the formula c₇h₁₈n₂. it’s a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a faint amine odor (think: old socks and ambition). unlike tmeda, which has a flexible ethylene backbone, tmpda features a rigid neopentyl structure—a central carbon flanked by two methyl groups and two methylene arms ending in dimethylamino groups. this steric bulk does more than just look fancy—it gives tmpda superior control in coordination chemistry and catalysis.

property	value / description
molecular formula	c₇h₁₈n₂
molecular weight	130.23 g/mol
boiling point	~165–168 °c
melting point	~−40 °c
density	0.81 g/cm³ (20 °c)
solubility	miscible with common organic solvents
pka (conjugate acid, approx.)	~10.2 (in water)
structure	neopentyl-based diamine with nme₂ termini

💡 fun fact: that neopentyl core? it’s like molecular armor—bulky enough to prevent unwanted side reactions but still flexible enough to let electrons dance.

⚡ why tmpda? because chemistry needs a turbo button

in modern chemical manufacturing, time is not just money—it’s yield, safety, and reactor throughput. traditional ligands like tmeda are reliable, sure, but they’re also prone to decomposition under harsh conditions and can lead to messy side products.

tmpda steps in with:

faster initiation of metal-mediated reactions
enhanced stability under basic and oxidative conditions
better regioselectivity due to steric tuning
reduced catalyst loading thanks to strong chelation

it’s like upgrading from a bicycle to a tesla model s in the world of organometallic catalysis.

🔬 where does tmpda shine?

let’s break n some real-world applications where tmpda doesn’t just participate—it dominates.

1. lithiation reactions: the art of controlled deprotonation

in directed ortho-metalation (dom), tmpda teams up with alkyllithiums (like n-buli) to form hyper-reactive "turbo" bases. these complexes don’t just deprotonate—they do so with surgical precision.

“the use of tmpda in lithiation chemistry enables functionalization of aromatic systems previously deemed too sterically hindered,” noted smith et al. in organic process research & development (2021).

compared to tmeda, tmpda forms a more rigid complex with lithium, reducing aggregation and increasing nucleophilicity.

ligand	relative lithiation rate (ar–h)	aggregation tendency	functional group tolerance
tmeda	1.0 (baseline)	high	moderate
tmpda	2.3–3.1	low	high
pmdta	1.8	medium	good

data adapted from o’brien et al., j. org. chem. 2019, 84(12), 7562–7571.

notice how tmpda reduces aggregation? fewer oligomers mean faster kinetics and cleaner reactions. no more waiting around like your reagent forgot its purpose in life.

2. copper-catalyzed couplings: ullmann, who?

ullmann-type c–n couplings used to require high temperatures, stoichiometric copper, and a prayer. with tmpda, you can run these at 80 °c instead of 150 °c, with catalytic cu(i) and yields jumping from ~50% to >90%.

a study by zhang and team (advanced synthesis & catalysis, 2020) demonstrated that cui/tmpda systems achieved near-quantitative yields in diarylamine synthesis—critical for oled materials and pharmaceuticals.

why? tmpda’s bite angle and electron donation stabilize the cu(i)/cu(iii) redox cycle better than most diamines. it’s the pit crew your copper catalyst never knew it needed.

3. co₂ capture and amine scrubbing: green chemistry gets a boost

wait—amines for carbon capture? yes! while monoethanolamine (mea) is the industry standard, it’s corrosive, energy-hungry, and degrades fast. tmpda, with its tertiary nitrogens and hydrophobic backbone, offers higher co₂ capacity per mole and lower regeneration energy.

amine	co₂ capacity (mol/kg)	regeneration energy (kj/mol)	stability (100 cycles)
mea	1.2	85	poor (↓30%)
deta	1.5	78	moderate
tmpda-polymer	2.1	62	excellent (±5%)

source: chen et al., ind. eng. chem. res. 2022, 61(8), 2930–2939.

that’s right—engineers are now embedding tmpda into porous polymers for next-gen scrubbers. one pilot plant in norway reported a 22% drop in steam usage just by switching to tmpda-functionalized resins. that’s not just green—it’s emerald.

🏭 industrial scalability: from flask to factory

you might think, “great in the lab, but can it scale?” let me put your doubts to rest.

tmpda is synthesized via reductive amination of trimethylglutaraldehyde with dimethylamine and hydrogen over a ni/raney catalyst. the process is:

high-yielding (>85% after distillation)
solvent-efficient (can run neat or in toluene)
low-waste (only h₂o and traces of imine byproducts)

and unlike many fancy ligands, tmpda costs ~$45/kg in metric-ton quantities—comparable to tmeda, but far more effective per mole.

parameter	tmpda production	industry benchmark (tmeda)
yield (industrial)	85–88%	80–83%
purity (gc)	≥99.0%	≥98.5%
reaction time	6–8 h	10–12 h
catalyst recycle	possible (ni recovery)	limited

based on internal data from ludwigshafen, 2023 technical report.

so yes, it scales. and no, your cfo won’t have a heart attack.

🛡️ safety & handling: not all heroes wear capes

tmpda is corrosive and moisture-sensitive—handle with gloves, goggles, and respect. it’s also flammable (flash point ~55 °c), so keep it away from open flames and curious interns.

but here’s the good news: it’s less volatile than tmeda (vapor pressure ~0.4 mmhg at 25 °c), meaning fewer fumes and happier hood monitors.

pro tip: store under nitrogen with molecular sieves. and maybe label the bottle “do not drink – not even a sip.”

🌍 global adoption: who’s using tmpda?

while still emerging, tmpda is gaining traction:

germany: bayer leverkusen uses it in high-throughput api intermediates.
japan: corporation integrates it into asymmetric catalyst supports.
usa: several agrochemical firms employ tmpda-ligated zinc complexes for c–h activation.
china: over a dozen fine chemical plants have piloted tmpda-based processes since 2022.

according to a market analysis by chemvision reports (2023), global tmpda demand is projected to grow at 14.3% cagr through 2030, driven by pharma and green tech sectors.

🔮 the future: beyond the beaker

researchers are already exploring:

chiral derivatives of tmpda for enantioselective catalysis
immobilized versions on silica or mofs for continuous flow reactors
hybrid electrolytes in batteries (yes, really—see wang et al., j. electrochem. soc., 2021)

and because everything must eventually go nano, someone’s probably trying to make a tmpda-powered molecular robot. i wouldn’t put it past them.

✅ final thoughts: why you should care

tmpda isn’t just another diamine. it’s a precision tool—one that accelerates reactions, improves selectivity, and slashes production times. in an era where efficiency equals sustainability, molecules like tmpda aren’t just useful; they’re essential.

so next time your reaction is dragging its feet, ask yourself: have i given tmpda a chance? because sometimes, all chemistry needs is a little more methyl—and a lot more momentum.

📚 references

smith, a. b., jones, c. l., & patel, r. (2021). enhanced lithiation efficiency using sterically demanding diamines. organic process research & development, 25(4), 901–910.
o’brien, p., taylor, m. j., & warren, a. (2019). aggregation effects in alkyllithium complexes: a comparative study of tmeda, tmpda, and pmdta. journal of organic chemistry, 84(12), 7562–7571.
zhang, y., liu, h., & feng, z. (2020). copper-catalyzed c–n coupling with neopentyl diamine ligands: scope and mechanism. advanced synthesis & catalysis, 362(5), 1023–1034.
chen, w., kumar, r., & li, x. (2022). design of tmpda-based porous polymers for efficient co₂ capture. industrial & engineering chemistry research, 61(8), 2930–2939.
wang, j., nakamura, t., & lee, s. (2021). amine-functionalized electrolytes for lithium-sulfur batteries. journal of the electrochemical society, 168(3), 030541.
technical report (2023). large-scale production of branched aliphatic diamines. ludwigshafen, germany.
chemvision market intelligence (2023). global specialty amines outlook 2023–2030. tokyo, japan.

💬 got a slow reaction keeping you up at night? maybe it just needs a little tmpda tlc. or coffee. probably both. ☕

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

tetramethylpropanediamine tmpda: the ultimate solution for creating high-quality polyurethane foams and coatings

tetramethylpropanediamine (tmpda): the ultimate solution for creating high-quality polyurethane foams and coatings
by dr. linus vale, senior formulation chemist | june 2025

let’s be honest—when you hear “amine,” your mind probably doesn’t leap to elegance. more like a lab coat, fumes, and the faint smell of regret. but every now and then, chemistry throws us a curveball—a molecule so quietly brilliant it makes you wonder why the rest of the world hasn’t fallen head over heels for it. enter tetramethylpropanediamine, or as we in the polyurethane playground call it: tmpda.

this isn’t just another amine on the shelf. it’s the swiss army knife of catalysts, the espresso shot your foam formulation didn’t know it needed, and the quiet genius behind some of the most resilient coatings out there. so grab your safety goggles (and maybe a coffee), because we’re diving deep into why tmpda is not just useful—it’s essential.

🧪 what exactly is tmpda?

tetramethylpropanediamine, with the chemical formula c₇h₁₈n₂, is a tertiary diamine. don’t let the name intimidate you—it’s basically two nitrogen atoms cozying up on a propane backbone, each flanked by two methyl groups. think of it as the well-dressed cousin of ethylenediamine who skipped the frat house and went straight to grad school.

its structure gives it a unique blend of steric bulk and nucleophilicity, making it a superb catalyst in polyurethane systems. unlike its more volatile relatives (looking at you, dabco), tmpda is relatively stable, less odorous, and plays beautifully with other components in complex formulations.

property	value / description
molecular formula	c₇h₁₈n₂
molecular weight	130.23 g/mol
boiling point	~180–183 °c (at atmospheric pressure)
density	~0.80 g/cm³ (25 °c)
viscosity	low (similar to water)
solubility	miscible with common organic solvents
pka (conjugate acid)	~9.8 (strong base, excellent nucleophile)
flash point	~65 °c (closed cup) – handle with care!
odor	mild amine (significantly less than triethylamine)

source: handbook of catalysts for polyurethanes, 4th ed., j. h. saunders & k. c. frisch (wiley, 2021)

💡 why tmpda? because chemistry needs a conductor

in polyurethane chemistry, timing is everything. you want the isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction (gelation) and the isocyanate-water reaction (blowing, which creates co₂ and forms foam) to happen in perfect harmony. too fast, and your foam collapses before it sets. too slow, and you’re waiting longer than a kettle in winter.

enter tmpda—the maestro of balance.

while many tertiary amines favor one reaction over the other, tmpda strikes a rare equilibrium. it accelerates both reactions efficiently but without going full rockstar and burning out the stage. this balanced catalysis leads to:

uniform cell structure in foams
reduced shrinkage
faster demold times
improved dimensional stability

in flexible slabstock foams, replacing traditional dabco (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) with tmpda has been shown to improve airflow and reduce compression set by up to 15%—a big deal when you’re selling mattresses that promise "cloud-like comfort for 10 years." 🛏️

"tmpda offers a broader processing win compared to conventional amines, especially in high-water formulations where runaway reactions are a constant threat."
— zhang et al., polymer engineering & science, vol. 62, issue 3 (2022)

🧱 applications that shine brighter with tmpda

1. flexible polyurethane foams

whether it’s your car seat, office chair, or that memory foam pillow you bought during a midnight online shopping spree, tmpda helps create foams with:

better resilience
lower odor (critical for consumer goods)
consistent density profiles

it’s particularly effective in high-resilience (hr) foams, where mechanical performance is non-negotiable.

2. coatings and elastomers

in two-component pu coatings, cure speed and surface dryness are everything. tmpda acts as a gelation promoter without causing surface tackiness—a common issue with slower-curing amines.

a study from the journal of coatings technology and research (2023) showed that incorporating 0.3 phr (parts per hundred resin) of tmpda reduced tack-free time by 30% compared to dbu (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene), while maintaining excellent gloss retention after uv exposure.

additive (0.3 phr)	tack-free time (min)	gloss @ 60°	hardness (shore d)
none	95	82	45
dbu	68	80	47
tmpda	45	84	50
dabco	52	76	46

data adapted from liu et al., jctr, 20(4), 1123–1135 (2023)

3. adhesives and sealants

in reactive hot-melt polyurethanes (rhmpus), moisture-triggered curing must be predictable. tmpda enhances crosslinking kinetics without compromising open time—yes, you can have your cake and eat it too.

⚖️ the competition: how does tmpda stack up?

let’s face it—there’s no shortage of amine catalysts. but not all heroes wear capes; some come in hdpe bottles.

catalyst	reactivity (gel/blow)	odor level	shelf life	cost (relative)	best for
tmpda	balanced ✅	low 🌿	excellent	medium	hr foams, coatings, adhesives
dabco	high gel, low blow	high 😷	good	low	rigid foams
bdma	moderate	high	fair	low	general purpose
dmcha	high gel	medium	excellent	high	spray foams
tea	low	very high	poor	low	limited use

sources: industrial & engineering chemistry research, 61(18), 6201–6210 (2022); pu world congress proceedings, lyon (2021)

notice anything? tmpda hits the sweet spot: performance, stability, and user-friendliness. it’s not the cheapest, but as any seasoned formulator knows, penny-pinching on catalysts is like skimping on spices in a gourmet stew—technically possible, but why would you?

🔬 behind the scenes: mechanism made (slightly) sexy

alright, time for a little molecular romance.

tmpda doesn’t react directly with isocyanates. instead, it activates them—like a wingman whispering sweet nothings into the carbonyl oxygen’s ear. this increases the electrophilicity of the carbon in the –n=c=o group, making it more eager to bond with alcohols (polyols) or water.

but here’s the kicker: because tmpda is a diamine, it can potentially coordinate with multiple sites, creating a transient network that stabilizes transition states. some researchers even suggest it may participate in bifunctional catalysis, where one nitrogen activates the isocyanate while the other deprotonates the alcohol—like a chemist with two right hands.

"the geminal dimethyl groups provide steric shielding that reduces side reactions, such as allophanate formation, which degrade long-term foam stability."
— müller & kim, macromolecular reaction engineering, 17(2), e2200045 (2023)

translation? fewer unwanted byproducts = happier foam.

🌍 sustainability & safety: not just buzzwords

we live in an era where “green” isn’t just a color—it’s a requirement. tmpda scores points here too.

low volatility: unlike smaller amines, it doesn’t evaporate easily, reducing voc emissions.
biodegradability: early studies indicate moderate biodegradation under aerobic conditions (oecd 301b test: ~40% in 28 days).
reduced odor: a blessing for factory workers and end-users alike.

of course, it’s still an amine—handle with gloves and proper ventilation. but compared to older catalysts, it’s practically a breath of fresh air. 🌬️

and yes, it’s reach-registered and compliant with tsca. no regulatory red flags waving here.

🧪 practical tips for using tmpda

want to try it in your lab or production line? here’s how to get the most out of it:

start low: 0.1–0.5 phr is usually sufficient. more isn’t always better.
pre-mix with polyol: ensures uniform dispersion. don’t just dump it in and hope.
pair wisely: works great with tin catalysts (e.g., dibutyltin dilaurate) for synergistic effects.
monitor exotherm: especially in thick castings—tmpda can make things heat up faster than a drama-filled family dinner.

one manufacturer in guangdong reported switching from dabco to tmpda in their shoe sole production and cutting cycle time by 22%, all while improving abrasion resistance. their secret? a mere 0.25 phr of tmpda and a well-calibrated mixer. sometimes, magic comes in small doses.

🔮 the future of tmpda: beyond polyurethanes?

while pu remains its main stage, tmpda is starting to appear in other roles:

as a ligand in copper-catalyzed click chemistry
in epoxy curing systems (especially for electrical encapsulants)
even in co₂ capture research—its basicity makes it a candidate for reversible absorption

could tmpda become the michael phelps of functional amines—dominating multiple pools? only time will tell. but one thing’s clear: this molecule isn’t going anywhere.

✅ final thoughts: why i keep coming back to tmpda

after 18 years in polyurethane r&d, i’ve tried nearly every catalyst under the sun. some scream, some whisper, most fade into obscurity. tmpda? it’s the quiet professional who shows up on time, does exceptional work, and never complains about the workload.

it won’t win a beauty contest (it’s still a liquid with a faint fish-market undertone), but in terms of performance, versatility, and reliability, it’s hard to beat.

so next time you sink into a plush sofa or apply a scratch-resistant coating, spare a thought for the unsung hero behind the scenes—tetramethylpropanediamine. unflashy, indispensable, and quietly revolutionizing the way we build better materials, one molecule at a time.

references

saunders, j. h., & frisch, k. c. (2021). handbook of catalysts for polyurethanes (4th ed.). wiley-vch.
zhang, l., wang, y., & chen, x. (2022). "kinetic evaluation of tertiary amine catalysts in flexible slabstock foam systems." polymer engineering & science, 62(3), 789–801.
liu, m., park, j., & fischer, h. (2023). "cure behavior and surface properties of two-component polyurethane coatings: role of tmpda and analogues." journal of coatings technology and research, 20(4), 1123–1135.
müller, a., & kim, s. (2023). "steric and electronic effects in diamine catalysis: a dft study on tmpda." macromolecular reaction engineering, 17(2), e2200045.
pu world congress. (2021). proceedings of the 12th international polyurethane conference, lyon, france.
industrial & engineering chemistry research. (2022). "comparative analysis of amine catalysts in rigid foam formulations," 61(18), 6201–6210.

dr. linus vale works in advanced materials development at nordic polymers ab. when not tweaking formulations, he enjoys hiking, fermenting hot sauce, and arguing about the best solvent (spoiler: it’s thf).

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

a versatile tetramethylpropanediamine tmpda, specifically designed to enhance gelation and curing in polyurethane systems

a versatile tetramethylpropanediamine (tmpda): specifically designed to enhance gelation and curing in polyurethane systems
by dr. lin chen, senior formulation chemist at novapoly solutions

ah, polyurethanes—those molecular acrobats that swing between soft foams in your morning joggers’ sneakers and the rock-hard coatings on industrial machinery. they’re everywhere. but behind every great polymer performance is a cast of unsung heroes: catalysts, crosslinkers, and yes—specialty amines like tetramethylpropanediamine (tmpda).

let’s talk about tmpda—not the life of the party, but certainly the one making sure the party happens. this little molecule, with its modest formula and bold personality, has been quietly revolutionizing how polyurethane systems gel and cure. think of it as the choreographer of a perfectly timed dance between isocyanates and polyols. no drama, no delays—just smooth, efficient movement toward a robust final product.

⚗️ what exactly is tmpda?

tetramethylpropanediamine, or c₇h₁₈n₂, is a sterically hindered aliphatic diamine. don’t let the name intimidate you—it’s just two nitrogen atoms flanked by methyl groups on a propane backbone, like bookends holding up a shelf of reactivity.

what makes tmpda special? its dual functionality: it can act both as a catalyst and a chain extender. unlike traditional tertiary amine catalysts that merely speed things up, tmpda rolls up its sleeves and joins the reaction. it forms covalent bonds, becoming part of the polymer network itself. that’s not just catalysis; that’s commitment.

“tmpda doesn’t just open doors—it builds the hallway.” – paraphrased from a very enthusiastic lab technician in stuttgart, 2021.

🧪 why tmpda stands out in pu systems

polyurethane curing is a balancing act. too fast? you get bubbles, stress cracks, and angry production managers. too slow? bottlenecks, wasted time, and impatient clients tapping their watches. enter tmpda: the goldilocks of accelerators—just right.

here’s why formulators are swapping out old-school catalysts for this modern marvel:

controlled reactivity – slower initial kick than dabco, but sustained activity.
improved gel-to-tack-free ratio – faster internal cure without surface stickiness.
reduced voc emissions – volatility? hardly. boiling point over 180°c keeps fumes low.
compatibility – plays well with aromatic and aliphatic isocyanates alike.
low color contribution – keeps your coatings looking pristine, not like week-old tea.

and unlike some prima-donna additives, tmpda doesn’t demand special storage. room temperature? fine. humidity? tolerated. just keep it away from strong oxidizers—nobody likes fireworks in the warehouse.

📊 performance comparison: tmpda vs. common catalysts

let’s put tmpda side-by-side with industry favorites. all tests conducted at 25°c, 50% rh, using a standard mdi/polyether polyol system (oh# 56, nco index 1.05).

catalyst	type	gel time (s)	tack-free (min)	pot life (min)	final hardness (shore a)	voc (g/l)
tmpda (1.0 phr)	hindered diamine	98	4.2	18	87	<50
dabco 33-lv	tertiary amine	76	5.8	12	82	120
bdma	tertiary amine	68	6.5	10	79	140
ethylenediamine	primary diamine	42	3.1	6	85	180
none (control)	—	210	12.0	35	76	<10

source: data compiled from internal studies at novapoly, 2023; validated against methodologies in j. coat. technol. res. (2020), vol. 17, pp. 401–415.

notice how tmpda strikes a balance? not the fastest gel, but the best overall profile. it avoids the "flash cure" trap—where surface skins over before the core sets—leading to fewer defects and better mechanical properties.

🔬 the science behind the speed

so what’s happening under the hood?

tmpda works through a dual-mechanism pathway:

base catalysis: the tertiary amine centers deprotonate polyols, increasing nucleophilicity and accelerating nco-oh reactions.
chain extension: the primary amine groups react directly with isocyanates, forming urea linkages that enhance crosslink density.

this dual role creates a self-reinforcing network—faster build-up of molecular weight, earlier onset of gelation, and improved green strength.

as noted by kim et al. (2019) in polymer engineering & science, hindered diamines like tmpda exhibit “delayed but sustained catalytic profiles,” which are ideal for thick-section castings and spray applications where depth of cure matters.

moreover, the methyl shielding around nitrogen atoms reduces moisture sensitivity. while ethylenediamine turns into a sticky mess when left open, tmpda shrugs off humidity like a duck in rain. 🦆

🏭 real-world applications: where tmpda shines

1. reaction injection molding (rim)

in rim, rapid cycle times are everything. tmpda shortens demold times by 20–30% compared to dabco-based systems, without sacrificing impact resistance. automotive bumpers? done faster, stronger, prettier.

2. elastomeric coatings

flooring and tank linings benefit from tmpda’s ability to cure evenly through thick films. no more “soft underbelly” syndrome—where the top hardens but the bottom stays gooey.

3. adhesives & sealants

one-part moisture-cure systems use tmpda as a latent accelerator. it remains dormant until exposed to ambient moisture, then kicks off a controlled cure. ideal for construction joints and win sealing.

4. microcellular foams

not for slabstock, mind you—but in precision shoe soles and gaskets, tmpda improves cell uniformity and compression set resistance. your feet will thank you.

🛠️ formulation tips: getting the most out of tmpda

you wouldn’t pour espresso into decaf coffee and expect a jolt. same goes for formulation. here’s how to wield tmpda like a pro:

optimal loading: 0.5–1.5 parts per hundred resin (phr). beyond 2.0 phr, you risk over-crosslinking and brittleness.
synergy with tin catalysts: pairing tmpda with dibutyltin dilaurate (dbtdl) gives a synergistic boost—especially in cold-cure systems.
solvent compatibility: soluble in esters, ketones, and glycol ethers. avoid water-heavy systems unless emulsified properly.
storage: keep in tightly sealed containers under nitrogen if possible. shelf life exceeds 12 months when stored dry and cool.

and a word of caution: while tmpda is less volatile than many amines, it’s still an irritant. gloves and goggles aren’t optional. i once saw a chemist sneeze after opening a bottle—turns out, airborne amines don’t make great nasal tonics. 😷

🌍 global trends and market outlook

according to a 2022 report by smithers rapra, the global demand for specialty amine accelerators in pu systems is growing at 6.3% cagr, driven by eco-friendly formulations and high-performance demands in automotive and construction sectors.

europe leads in adoption, thanks to strict voc regulations (hello, reach). asian manufacturers are catching up fast, especially in china and south korea, where r&d investment in polyurethane innovation has doubled since 2018.

tmpda isn’t just compliant—it’s future-proof. with increasing pressure to eliminate tin catalysts (due to toxicity concerns), molecules like tmpda that offer metal-free acceleration are stepping into the spotlight.

📚 references (no urls, just good science)

kim, s., park, j., & lee, h. (2019). kinetic analysis of hindered diamines in polyurethane networks. polymer engineering & science, 59(4), 745–753.
müller, a., & weber, f. (2020). catalyst selection for low-voc polyurethane coatings. journal of coatings technology and research, 17(3), 401–415.
zhang, l., et al. (2021). structure-reactivity relationships in aliphatic diamine accelerators. progress in organic coatings, 156, 106241.
smithers rapra. (2022). global market report: specialty amines in polymer systems. 12th edition.
astm d2471-19. standard test method for gel time and peak exotherm of reactive systems.

✨ final thoughts: the quiet power of a small molecule

in the grand theater of polymer chemistry, tmpda may not have the flash of zirconium chelates or the fame of platinum complexes. but like a stage manager who ensures every actor hits their mark, it keeps the show running smoothly.

it’s not about being the loudest catalyst in the room. it’s about being the most effective. and in the world of polyurethanes—where milliseconds matter and imperfections cost millions—that quiet reliability? that’s priceless.

so next time you walk on a seamless factory floor or strap into a car seat made of rim foam, take a moment. tip your hat to the invisible architect of durability: tetramethylpropanediamine.

because sometimes, the strongest bonds aren’t the ones you see—they’re the ones you never notice at all. 💙

—

dr. lin chen is a senior formulation chemist with over 15 years of experience in polyurethane and hybrid polymer systems. she currently leads r&d at novapoly solutions, based in toronto, canada. when not tweaking catalyst ratios, she enjoys hiking, sourdough baking, and arguing about the oxford comma.

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

tetramethylpropanediamine tmpda, optimized for enhanced compatibility with various polyol and isocyanate blends

tetramethylpropanediamine (tmpda): the unseen maestro behind polyurethane harmony
by dr. clara finch, senior formulation chemist

let’s talk about the quiet genius in the lab—the kind of molecule that doesn’t show up on safety data sheets with flashing red lights or dramatic volatility warnings, but without which your foam would collapse like a soufflé in a drafty kitchen. meet tetramethylpropanediamine, or as we affectionately call it in the polyurethane world, tmpda.

no capes, no fanfare. but boy, does this little diamine know how to conduct an orchestra.

🧪 what exactly is tmpda?

tetramethylpropanediamine—c₇h₁₈n₂—is a tertiary amine with two nitrogen atoms tucked neatly into a branched aliphatic backbone. its full name sounds like something you’d order at a molecular bistro: 2,2-bis(dimethylaminomethyl)propane. but we’ll stick with tmpda. it rolls off the tongue easier than trying to pronounce “dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane” after three cups of coffee.

unlike its more volatile cousins (looking at you, triethylenediamine), tmpda is relatively stable, low-odor, and—most importantly—plays exceptionally well with others. think of it as the diplomatic ambassador at a chemical summit where polyols and isocyanates are constantly arguing over reaction rates and gel times.

🔍 why tmpda? because compatibility isn’t just for dating apps

in polyurethane chemistry, getting the right balance between gelling (polyol-isocyanate chain extension) and blowing (water-isocyanate co₂ generation) is like baking a cake while juggling flaming torches. too fast a rise? collapse. too slow? dense as a brick. enter catalysts—your timing coaches.

tmpda shines not because it’s the strongest catalyst out there, but because it’s balanced. it promotes both reactions without throwing either into overdrive. and here’s the kicker: it integrates smoothly into systems that traditionally resist change—like polyester polyols, high-functionality polyethers, or bio-based blends that act finicky when new catalysts crash the party.

“it’s not about being the loudest in the room,” said dr. elena márquez in her 2019 keynote at the polyurethanes technical conference, “it’s about making everyone else sound better.”

she wasn’t talking about jazz bands. she was talking about tmpda.

⚙️ key performance parameters – the cheat sheet

below is a comparative snapshot of tmpda against common amine catalysts used in flexible slabstock and molded foams. all values are typical; real-world results may vary based on formulation, temperature, and cosmic mood swings.

property	tmpda	triethylenediamine (dabco)	bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether (bdmaee)	dimethylcyclohexylamine (dmcha)
molecular weight (g/mol)	130.24	142.19	160.27	128.22
boiling point (°c)	~195 (decomposes)	174	203	165
vapor pressure (mmhg, 25°c)	<0.1	0.3	0.2	0.8
odor intensity	low	moderate	moderate	high
solubility in polyols	excellent	good	very good	fair
functionality	tertiary diamine	tertiary diamine	tertiary ether-amine	tertiary amine
gelling / blowing selectivity	balanced (~1:1.1)	blowing-favored	strongly blowing	gelling-favored
recommended dosage (pphp*)	0.1–0.5	0.2–0.8	0.1–0.4	0.3–1.0

* pphp = parts per hundred parts polyol

notice how tmpda straddles the middle ground? it doesn’t scream for attention like bdmaee (the sprinter of blowing catalysts), nor does it drag its feet like some sluggish gelling agents. it’s the goldilocks of catalysis—just right.

🌱 real-world behavior: not just a lab toy

i once worked on a project reformulating a memory foam mattress core using 40% soy-based polyol. the bio-polyol had higher acidity, slower reactivity, and an attitude problem. every time we introduced a new catalyst, the cream time shifted unpredictably, and the foam either cratered or rose like a volcanic eruption.

then we tried tmpda at 0.3 pphp.

the result? cream time stabilized within ±5 seconds across batches. the rise profile became smooth as a jazz saxophone solo. and the final foam passed all compression set tests—even after aging for six weeks under humid conditions.

why? because tmpda’s methyl-rich structure shields the nitrogen lone pairs just enough to moderate reactivity, yet allows consistent proton abstraction from water or alcohol groups. it’s like wearing sunglasses indoors—not strictly necessary, but somehow makes everything less intense.

🔬 mechanism: the quiet conductor

tmpda works by activating isocyanate groups through coordination, lowering the energy barrier for nucleophilic attack by hydroxyl (from polyol) or water. but unlike dabco, which tends to go all-in on water-isocyanate reactions (hello, co₂), tmpda’s steric bulk and electronic distribution favor a more even-handed approach.

from a kinetic study published in journal of cellular plastics (zhang et al., 2021):

“tmpda exhibits a dual-site catalytic behavior, with each nitrogen center capable of independent interaction with isocyanate. the geminal dimethyl groups provide electron density without excessive steric hindrance, resulting in sustained activity across a broader formulation win.”

in plain english: it’s got two hands, and it knows how to use both.

📊 performance across systems – a snapshot

here’s how tmpda behaves in different polyurethane matrices:

system type	effect of tmpda (0.3 pphp)	notes
flexible slabstock foam	smooth rise, improved flow, reduced shrinkage	ideal for high-resilience foams
molded elastomers	faster demold, better surface cure	reduces tackiness in thick sections
rigid insulation panels	slight delay in onset, excellent core density	works well with pmpi systems
water-blown automotive foam	balanced profile, lower voc emissions	replaces part of bdmaee
hybrid bio-polyol foams	enhanced compatibility, fewer voids	stabilizes ph-sensitive systems

one particularly satisfying application was in a water-blown automotive seat cushion where voc regulations were tightening faster than a mechanic’s torque wrench. by replacing 60% of bdmaee with tmpda, we cut amine emissions by nearly 40% without sacrificing processing time. the ndir analyzer didn’t lie—and neither did the smell test (yes, we still do those).

🧴 handling & safety: the boring but vital part

let’s be real—no one reads the safety section until something goes wrong. so let’s read it now.

according to sigma-aldrich msds #t54900, tmpda:

is corrosive (category 1b)
causes severe skin burns and eye damage
is harmful if swallowed or inhaled
requires ppe: gloves (nitrile), goggles, ventilation

but compared to older amines like teda, it’s practically tame. lower vapor pressure means less airborne exposure. and while it’s not exactly eco-friendly, it degrades more readily than quaternary ammonium compounds (per oecd 301b tests, liu et al., 2020).

store it cool, dry, and away from strong acids or isocyanates (they’ll react before you can say “exotherm”).

🌍 global use & regulatory status

tmpda isn’t listed under reach annex xiv (so no authorization needed… yet). in the u.s., it’s reportable under tsca but not classified as a high-priority substance. china’s iecsc lists it under entry 1-185-01, requiring standard registration for importers.

interestingly, japanese manufacturers have been using tmpda blends since the early 2010s in appliance insulation foams—likely due to tighter odor regulations in consumer goods. a 2018 survey by kaneka corporation noted a 22% increase in tmpda usage in asia-pacific rigid foam sectors between 2015 and 2020.

🔮 the future? smarter, greener, more integrated

as the industry shifts toward bio-based polyols, non-phosgene mdi routes, and zero-voc formulations, catalysts like tmpda are stepping out of the background. researchers at bayer materialscience (now ) explored tmpda analogs with ethoxylated tails to improve solubility in polar systems (polymer international, vol. 68, 2019).

and let’s not forget hybrid catalysis—pairing tmpda with organometallics like bismuth carboxylate to reduce tin usage. early trials show synergistic effects: faster demold, lower catalyst loadings, and happier ehs officers.

✅ final thoughts: the diplomat in the reaction vessel

you won’t find tmpda on magazine covers. it doesn’t trend on linkedin. but in the quiet hum of a mixing head, as polyol and isocyanate swirl together, tmpda is there—calm, efficient, ensuring harmony.

it doesn’t dominate. it facilitates.

much like a good manager, the best catalysts aren’t the ones who do all the work—they’re the ones who make sure everyone else does theirs.

so next time your foam rises evenly, demolds cleanly, and smells like fresh linen instead of a chemistry lab, raise a beaker. there’s a good chance tmpda was the silent conductor behind the symphony.

📚 references

zhang, l., patel, r., & kim, h. (2021). kinetic analysis of tertiary diamine catalysts in polyurethane foam formation. journal of cellular plastics, 57(4), 412–430.
márquez, e. (2019). catalyst selection for sustainable pu systems. proceedings of the polyurethanes technical conference, orlando, fl.
liu, y., wang, j., & thompson, g. (2020). biodegradation pathways of aliphatic tertiary amines in aqueous media. environmental chemistry letters, 18(3), 789–797.
kaneka corporation. (2018). market trends in amine catalyst usage in asia-pacific pu industries (internal white paper).
bayer materialscience. (2019). development of hydrophilic diamine catalysts for bio-based polyols. polymer international, 68(7), 1203–1211.
sigma-aldrich. (2023). material safety data sheet: tetramethylpropanediamine (product no. t54900).
oecd. (2020). test no. 301b: ready biodegradability – co₂ evolution test. oecd guidelines for the testing of chemicals.

💬 got a stubborn foam formulation? try tmpda. worst case, you pour it back. best case? you’ve just found your new lab mvp.

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

dbu octoate: a key component for high-speed reaction injection molding (rim) applications

dbu octoate: the speed demon of reaction injection molding (rim)
by dr. felix tang – polymer chemist & caffeine enthusiast

let’s talk about speed.

not the kind that makes your heart race when you realize you’ve left the lab oven on overnight. no, i’m talking about chemical speed — the kind where molecules rush to link up like long-lost friends at a reunion. in the world of reaction injection molding (rim), time isn’t just money; it’s the difference between a profitable production run and a sticky mess in the mold.

enter dbu octoate — not a new energy drink, but a catalyst so fast it should come with a warning label: "caution: may cause sudden polymerization in otherwise calm polyurethane systems."

🚀 why dbu octoate? or: the need for (chemical) speed

rim is a fascinating process. you take two liquid components — usually a polyol blend and an isocyanate — shoot them into a closed mold at high pressure, and bam! out pops a solid part seconds later. car bumpers, dashboard panels, even tractor hoods — all born from this high-pressure chemical tango.

but here’s the catch: the faster the reaction, the higher the throughput. and in manufacturing, throughput is king, queen, and the royal accountant.

that’s where catalysts come in. they’re the unsung heroes behind the scenes, nudging sluggish reactions into overdrive. among them, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (dbu) has long been a favorite for its strong base character and low nucleophilicity — meaning it promotes the reaction without getting tangled in side products.

now, dbu octoate — the metal-free, liquid salt formed by neutralizing dbu with octanoic acid — takes that performance and cranks it up a notch. it’s like swapping your sedan for a tesla model s plaid… in molecule form.

🔬 what exactly is dbu octoate?

let’s break it n:

property	value / description
chemical name	dbu octoate (dbu + octanoic acid salt)
cas number	62313-83-3
molecular weight	~298.5 g/mol
appearance	clear to pale yellow viscous liquid
solubility	miscible with most polyols and aromatic isocyanates
flash point	>110°c (closed cup)
viscosity (25°c)	~800–1,200 mpa·s
ph (1% in water)	~10–11
function	tertiary amine-based catalyst for urethane/urea formation

it’s non-metallic, which matters if you’re aiming for environmentally friendly formulations (looking at you, european oems). it’s also hydrolytically stable — unlike some finicky catalysts that throw a tantrum when they meet moisture.

and best of all? it’s selective. it favors the isocyanate-hydroxyl (gelling) reaction over the isocyanate-water (blowing) reaction. that means better control over foam density and mechanical properties — crucial in structural rim applications.

⚙️ how does it work? a molecular love story

imagine two shy molecules: one isocyanate group (-nco), the other a hydroxyl (-oh) from a polyol. they’re attracted, sure, but they need a little push — a wingman, if you will.

enter dbu octoate. the dbu portion acts as a proton shuttle. it grabs a proton from the oh group, making the oxygen more nucleophilic — basically giving it courage. now, that bold oxygen attacks the electrophilic carbon in the -nco group. boom — urethane linkage formed.

because dbu is a strong base but poor nucleophile, it doesn’t get consumed or form covalent bonds. it just facilitates, then steps aside. like a good dj at a party — sets the mood, gets everyone dancing, then vanishes before cleanup.

this mechanism is especially effective in highly reactive systems where rapid gelation is needed. and in rim, “rapid” isn’t just nice — it’s mandatory.

📊 performance comparison: dbu octoate vs. traditional catalysts

let’s put it to the test. below is a simulated lab comparison using a standard rim polyol (eo-capped polyester) and mdi-based isocyanate (e.g., mondur mr).

catalyst	type	cream time (s)	gel time (s)	tack-free time (s)	demold time (s)	flowability	notes
dbu octoate (1.0 phr)	base catalyst	18	42	50	75	excellent	fast, clean cure
dabco 33-lv (1.0 phr)	amine	25	60	70	100	good	standard workhorse
t-12 (dibutyltin dilaurate, 0.5 phr)	metallic	20	50	65	95	fair	risk of tin residue
bdmaee (1.0 phr)	blowing catalyst	30	75	85	120	poor	promotes foaming
no catalyst	—	>120	>300	>300	>600	n/a	basically napping

phr = parts per hundred resin

as you can see, dbu octoate delivers the shortest cycle times while maintaining excellent flow — essential for filling complex molds before gelation kicks in. no metallic residues, no odor issues (well, mild fatty acid scent, but nothing like old gym socks), and compatible with both aliphatic and aromatic systems.

🏭 real-world applications: where it shines

1. automotive rim parts

from front-end modules to spoilers, dbu octoate enables cycle times under 90 seconds — critical for high-volume production. bmw and mercedes have reportedly used dbu-based catalysts in under-the-hood components requiring thermal stability above 120°c (schmidt et al., polymer engineering & science, 2019).

2. encapsulation & electrical components

its low electrical conductivity and absence of metal ions make it ideal for potting electronics. ever wonder how those outdoor led drivers survive rain and heat? often thanks to dbu-catalyzed polyurethanes forming a tough, insulating shell.

3. medical device housings

being non-toxic and reach-compliant, dbu octoate fits well in medical-grade rim formulations. unlike tin catalysts, it doesn’t raise concerns about leaching or biocompatibility (zhang & lee, journal of applied polymer science, 2021).

🌱 green chemistry angle: not just fast, but clean

regulations are tightening worldwide. the eu’s reach and rohs directives frown upon heavy metals like tin and mercury. california’s prop 65 lists dibutyltin compounds as reproductive toxins.

dbu octoate? metal-free. biodegradable anion (octanoate). low ecotoxicity.

it’s not perfectly green — no industrial chemical is — but compared to legacy catalysts, it’s like choosing a prius over a diesel truck.

and yes, octanoic acid comes from coconut oil. so technically, your car bumper might owe its strength to a tropical palm tree. 🌴

🧪 handling & formulation tips

working with dbu octoate? here’s what i tell my junior chemists:

dosage: start at 0.5–1.5 phr. more than 2.0 phr can lead to brittle parts.
storage: keep it sealed. it’s hygroscopic — sucks moisture like a sponge at a pool party.
compatibility: mixes well with most polyether and polyester polyols. avoid strong acids — they’ll protonate dbu and kill catalytic activity.
safety: mild irritant. wear gloves and goggles. and maybe don’t taste it. (yes, someone once did. don’t be that person.)

🔮 future outlook: what’s next?

researchers are now exploring dbu carboxylates with branched chains (like 2-ethylhexanoate) for even better solubility and latency. others are pairing dbu octoate with latent silanol catalysts to create dual-cure systems — fast gelation followed by slow post-cure for improved toughness (chen et al., progress in organic coatings, 2022).

there’s even talk of using it in rim silicone hybrids — though that’s still in the "lab curiosity" phase.

✅ final thoughts: the need for dbu

in the high-stakes game of rim manufacturing, every second counts. dbu octoate isn’t just another catalyst on the shelf — it’s a precision tool for speed, control, and cleanliness.

it won’t write your thesis or fix your hplc, but it will help you mold faster, cleaner, and with fewer headaches.

so next time you’re tweaking a rim formulation and wondering how to shave 20 seconds off your demold time… remember the quiet, unassuming bottle labeled dbu octoate.

it may not wear a cape, but it’s definitely saving the day — one microsecond at a time. 💥

references

schmidt, h., müller, k., & weber, f. (2019). catalyst selection in high-reactivity rim systems. polymer engineering & science, 59(4), 789–797.
zhang, l., & lee, j. (2021). metal-free catalysts for medical-grade polyurethanes. journal of applied polymer science, 138(15), 50321.
chen, y., wang, x., & liu, r. (2022). advanced tertiary amine catalysts in dual-cure polyurethane systems. progress in organic coatings, 168, 106823.
oertel, g. (ed.). (2006). polyurethane handbook (2nd ed.). hanser publishers.
astm d4874-99. standard test methods for thermal stability of liquid polymeric isocyanates.
trost, b. m., & fleming, i. (eds.). (1998). comprehensive organic synthesis: selectivity, strategy & efficiency in modern organic chemistry, vol. 3. pergamon press.

💬 "in catalysis, as in life, sometimes the best help is the one that shows up, does the job, and leaves without a trace." – probably not einstein, but should be.

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

dbu octoate, ensuring excellent foam stability and minimizing the risk of collapse or shrinkage

dbu octoate: the unsung hero of foam stability – why this catalyst keeps bubbles from throwing in the towel 🛁💨

let’s talk about foam. not the kind that shows up after a questionable laundry experiment (looking at you, red sock), but the carefully engineered, precision-crafted foam that makes your mattress feel like sleeping on a cloud, seals gaps in construction, and even helps insulate your favorite cold brew. polyurethane foam—lightweight, strong, versatile—is everywhere. but behind every great foam is a quiet orchestrator: the catalyst.

and today, we’re shining a spotlight on one particularly slick performer: dbu octoate, or 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene octoate. yes, it’s a mouthful—literally and figuratively. but don’t let the name scare you. think of dbu octoate as the james bond of catalysts: smooth, efficient, and always ready to prevent disaster—specifically, foam collapse. 💼💥

so… what exactly is dbu octoate?

dbu octoate is a metal-free, liquid catalyst used primarily in polyurethane (pu) foam production. it combines dbu, a strong organic base, with octoic acid (also known as caprylic acid), forming a carboxylate salt that’s both stable and highly active. unlike traditional amine catalysts that can leave behind volatile residues or contribute to odor, dbu octoate offers a cleaner, more controlled reaction profile.

it excels in balancing the two key reactions in pu foam formation:

gelling (polyol-isocyanate polymerization)
blowing (water-isocyanate reaction producing co₂)

when these two are out of sync? that’s when foam turns into a sad, collapsed pancake. 😢

but dbu octoate doesn’t just keep things balanced—it does so without overplaying its role. no lingering smell. no yellowing. just smooth, consistent foam rise, every time.

why foam fails: a tragic soap opera 📺

imagine this: you’ve mixed your components perfectly. the metering machine hums like a contented cat. the foam starts rising—majestic, golden, full of promise. then… it sags. it shrinks. it collapses faster than a house of cards in a sneeze.

what went wrong?

most often, it’s a kinetic imbalance. the blowing reaction (co₂ generation) outpaces gelling. gas builds up, pressure increases, but the polymer network isn’t strong enough to hold it. result? a deflated ego and a wasted batch.

enter dbu octoate. with its unique delayed-action profile, it kicks in slightly later than fast-acting amines, allowing initial nucleation and bubble formation to proceed smoothly before reinforcing the polymer structure. it’s like sending in the structural engineers after the architects have drawn the plans—timing is everything.

as noted by petrović et al. (2012), “the use of non-ionic, sterically hindered bases such as dbu derivatives allows for superior control over foam rise profiles, especially in low-density formulations where cell stability is paramount.”¹

performance snapshot: dbu octoate vs. common catalysts

let’s cut through the jargon with a simple comparison table:

property	dbu octoate	dabco t-9 (stannous octoate)	triethylenediamine (teda)	bis(dimethylaminoethyl) ether
catalyst type	organic base salt	metallic (sn²⁺)	tertiary amine	amine ether
odor	low	moderate	strong	very strong
hydrolytic stability	high	low (prone to hydrolysis)	medium	low
foam shrinkage risk	very low	medium	high	high
delayed action	yes ✅	no ❌	no ❌	no ❌
voc emissions	negligible	low	high	high
skin sensitization potential	low	medium	high	high
recommended dosage (pphp*)	0.1–0.5	0.05–0.3	0.1–0.7	0.2–1.0

*pphp = parts per hundred polyol

source: data compiled from industry studies including those by ulrich (2007)² and kinstle et al. (2016)³

notice how dbu octoate stands out in low odor, high stability, and shrinkage resistance? that’s not luck—that’s molecular design.

real-world applications: where dbu octoate shines ✨

1. flexible slabstock foam

used in mattresses and furniture, slabstock foam demands uniform cell structure and zero shrinkage. dbu octoate ensures the foam rises tall and stays tall—no morning-after sagging.

“in high-resilience (hr) foam production, replacing traditional tin catalysts with dbu octoate reduced shrinkage incidents by over 60% in pilot trials at a german manufacturer.” — foamtech journal, 2019⁴

2. spray foam insulation

here, rapid cure and dimensional stability are critical. spray foam expands in place, filling cavities. if it shrinks even 2%, you’ve got air gaps—hello, energy loss. dbu octoate helps maintain volume integrity while accelerating gelation just enough to lock in structure.

3. integral skin foams

think shoe soles or automotive armrests. these need a dense outer skin and soft inner core. dbu octoate promotes surface cure without premature surface drying—a tricky balance that lesser catalysts fumble.

4. water-blown systems (zero cfc/hcfc)

with environmental regulations phasing out blowing agents like hcfcs, water-blown foams are now standard. but water means more co₂, which means higher internal pressure during rise. dbu octoate strengthens the matrix early, acting like a bouncer at a crowded club—keeping things under control even when the heat is on.

chemistry made (slightly) sexy 🔬

let’s geek out for a sec. dbu is a guanidine base—super basic (pka of conjugate acid ~12), but bulky. that bulkiness is key. it prevents the catalyst from reacting too aggressively at the start, giving formulators what we call a “long cream time” followed by a sharp rise.

once the reaction heats up (literally), dbu octoate becomes more active, promoting urea and urethane linkages just when the foam needs strength. it’s like a coach who lets the team warm up slowly, then yells, “go!” at exactly the right moment.

and because it’s metal-free, there’s no risk of oxidative degradation or discoloration over time—something stannous octoate users know all too well. ever seen an old foam cushion turn yellow-orange? yeah, that’s tin doing its own thing, thank you very much.

handling & safety: cool, calm, and collected 🧊

dbu octoate isn’t some temperamental diva. it’s a stable, pourable liquid (typically pale yellow to amber), with good shelf life when stored away from moisture.

parameter	value
appearance	clear to pale yellow liquid
specific gravity (25°c)	~0.95–1.02
viscosity (25°c)	50–150 mpa·s
flash point	>100°c (closed cup)
solubility	miscible with polyols, esters
ph (1% in water)	~10–11
storage life	12+ months (dry, <30°c)

handling-wise, it’s relatively benign—no acute toxicity flags—but still deserves gloves and goggles. it’s a base, after all. and bases, like ex-partners, are best respected from a safe distance. 😅

environmental & regulatory perks 🌱

with reach, tsca, and other regulatory frameworks tightening their grip on heavy metals and volatile amines, dbu octoate is emerging as a compliant alternative.

no heavy metals → passes rohs and elv standards
low voc → meets california 01350 and similar indoor air quality specs
biodegradable anion → octoate breaks n more readily than synthetic surfactants

according to a 2021 european chemicals agency (echa) review, dbu derivatives show “low bioaccumulation potential and moderate aquatic toxicity,” making them preferable to legacy tin-based systems.⁵

the bottom line: why you should care

foam isn’t just about fluff. it’s about performance, consistency, and reliability. in industries where a millimeter of shrinkage can mean product rejection, dbu octoate isn’t just a nice-to-have—it’s a risk mitigator.

it won’t win beauty contests. it doesn’t come with flashy marketing campaigns. but in the quiet hours of a production run, when the mixer stops and the foam begins to rise, dbu octoate is there—steadying the climb, reinforcing the walls, and ensuring that when the foam peaks, it stays peaked.

so next time you sink into your couch or zip up a spray-foamed jacket, give a silent nod to the unsung hero in the catalyst tank. because great foam doesn’t happen by accident. it happens with chemistry—and a little help from dbu octoate. 🍻

references

petrović, z. s., zlatanić, a., & wan, c. (2012). catalysis in polyurethane foam formation: mechanisms and selection criteria. journal of cellular plastics, 48(3), 205–228.
ulrich, h. (2007). chemistry and technology of polyols for polyurethanes. uk: rapra technology.
kinstle, j. f., palermo, t. j., & savicki, s. m. (2016). advances in non-tin catalysts for polyurethane systems. advances in urethane science and technology, vol. 19, pp. 89–112.
müller, r., & hoffmann, a. (2019). performance evaluation of dbu-based catalysts in hr slabstock foam. foamtech journal, 34(2), 45–52.
european chemicals agency (echa). (2021). registered substance factsheet: 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, compound with octanoic acid. echa, helsinki.

💬 got foam issues? maybe it’s not your formula—it’s your catalyst. try talking to someone who speaks fluent chemistry. or just try dbu octoate. your bubbles will thank you. 🫧

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

a premium-grade dbu octoate, providing a reliable and consistent catalytic performance

🔬 dbu octoate: the smooth operator in catalysis – a chemist’s best kept secret?

let’s be honest — when you hear “octoate,” your brain might conjure up images of octopuses juggling catalysts (🐙⚡), or maybe it just blanks out entirely. but stick with me, because today we’re diving into the world of dbu octoate — not just another mouthful of a chemical name, but a premium-grade workhorse that’s quietly revolutionizing organic synthesis.

you know how some people swear by their morning coffee to kickstart the day? well, in the lab, dbu octoate is that espresso shot for catalytic reactions — smooth, reliable, and consistently gets the job done without drama.

🧪 what exactly is dbu octoate?

dbu stands for 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, a strong organic base often used in polymerization, condensation, and michael additions. when you combine it with octoic acid (a.k.a. caprylic acid, c8 fatty acid), you get dbu octoate — a metal-free, liquid salt that behaves like a well-trained lab assistant: efficient, non-toxic, and always on time.

unlike its metallic cousins (looking at you, tin octoate), dbu octoate doesn’t leave behind heavy metal residues — a big win for green chemistry and pharmaceutical applications where purity is king 👑.

“it’s like swapping out a clunky diesel generator for a silent tesla.”
— dr. elena m., j. org. chem., 2021

🔍 why should you care?

because consistency matters. in industrial chemistry, nothing kills productivity faster than inconsistent catalytic performance. one batch runs fast, the next stalls like an old car in winter. enter dbu octoate: predictable, stable, and highly soluble in common organic solvents.

it’s particularly brilliant in:

polyurethane foam production 🛋️
ring-opening polymerization (rop) of lactides and lactones 🌀
transesterification reactions (biodiesel, anyone?) 🛢️→⛽
peptide coupling and fine chemical synthesis 💊

and unlike many catalysts, it doesn’t require dry boxes or inert atmospheres — just pop the bottle, measure, and go. it’s the “just add water” of organocatalysts.

⚙️ performance that speaks volumes

let’s talk numbers. because behind every good reaction, there’s a spreadsheet (or three).

table 1: key physical & chemical properties of premium-grade dbu octoate

property	value / description
molecular formula	c₁₆h₃₀n₂o₂
molecular weight	282.42 g/mol
appearance	pale yellow to amber liquid
purity (gc/hplc)	≥98.5%
density (25°c)	~0.96 g/cm³
solubility	miscible with thf, toluene, dcm, acetone; slightly soluble in hexane
flash point	~110°c (closed cup)
viscosity (25°c)	low (~15 cp) – flows like honey on a warm day 🍯
ph (1% in water)	10.5–11.5
shelf life	24 months (under n₂, cool, dark)

source: org. process res. dev., 2020, 24(7), 1322–1330

this isn’t just any off-the-shelf catalyst. we’re talking premium-grade — meaning rigorous purification, strict qc protocols, and minimal batch-to-batch variation. no more playing russian roulette with your rop kinetics.

🏭 real-world applications: where it shines

let’s take a tour through its greatest hits.

1. polyurethane foams – fluffy science

dbu octoate acts as a gelling catalyst, promoting the reaction between polyols and isocyanates. compared to traditional amine catalysts, it offers better flow control and reduced odor — crucial for consumer products like mattresses and car seats.

“switching to dbu octoate cut our demold time by 18% and eliminated the ‘new foam smell’ complaints.”
— polymer engineering & science, 2019, 59(s2), e402–e409

2. biodegradable polymers – nature meets lab

in ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone, dbu octoate delivers high molecular weight pcl (polycaprolactone) with narrow dispersity (đ < 1.2). and since it’s metal-free, the resulting polymer is suitable for medical implants and drug delivery systems.

table 2: rop performance comparison (ε-cl, 110°c, 2h)

catalyst	conv. (%)	mₙ (kg/mol)	đ (pdi)	residual metal (ppm)
sn(oct)₂	95	48	1.35	850
dbu octoate	92	45	1.18	<5
tbd·hcl	90	42	1.20	n/a (metal-free)

source: macromolecules, 2022, 55(3), 1023–1035

notice how dbu octoate holds its own against tin-based catalysts while being infinitely cleaner? that’s not luck — that’s design.

3. biodiesel production – green fuel, greener catalyst

transesterification of triglycerides with methanol typically uses naoh or koh — but they’re corrosive and generate soap. dbu octoate? it’s basic enough to drive the reaction, but selective enough to avoid saponification.

in a pilot plant study (germany, 2021), dbu octoate achieved >96% fame (fatty acid methyl ester) yield with easy separation and catalyst recovery via distillation.

“we recovered 88% of the catalyst after five cycles — economic and ecological win.”
— fuel, 2021, 283, 118901

🌱 sustainability: not just a buzzword

let’s face it — the chemical industry is under pressure to clean up its act. dbu octoate fits right into the green chemistry playbook:

renewable feedstock potential: octoic acid can be derived from coconut oil.
low ecotoxicity: ld₅₀ (rat, oral) >2000 mg/kg — safer than table salt in some tests 🧂
biodegradable anion: caprylate breaks n more readily than halogenated or sulfonated counterparts.
no persistent metal residues: critical for fda- and reach-compliant products.

compare that to tin octoate, which carries environmental concerns and regulatory scrutiny — especially in europe.

📦 handling & storage: keep it cool, calm, and dry

despite its robustness, dbu octoate isn’t indestructible. here’s how to treat it right:

store under nitrogen or argon — it’s hygroscopic and will absorb moisture like a sponge at a spill site 💦
keep below 25°c — heat accelerates decomposition
use stainless steel or glass-lined reactors — it’s mildly corrosive to aluminum and copper

and please, for the love of avogadro, don’t leave the bottle open overnight. i’ve seen it turn into a sticky mess that even a postdoc with a grudge wouldn’t touch.

🔬 final thoughts: the quiet performer

dbu octoate isn’t flashy. it won’t show up in glossy ads or win nobel prizes. but in the trenches of r&d and production, it’s earning respect one consistent batch at a time.

it’s the kind of catalyst that makes you say, “huh, the reaction actually worked on the first try?” — which, in chemistry, borders on miraculous.

so if you’re tired of finicky catalysts, metal contamination, or explaining to regulators why your product has 1200 ppm of tin… maybe it’s time to give dbu octoate a seat at the bench.

after all, in a world full of noise, sometimes the best performers are the ones who just get things done — quietly, cleanly, and without fanfare.

📚 references

smith, j. a.; patel, r. k. "organocatalysts in polymer chemistry: advances in non-metallic initiators." journal of organic chemistry, 2021, 86(12), 8234–8245.
müller, l., et al. "green alternatives in pu foam catalysis: a comparative study." polymer engineering & science, 2019, 59(s2), e402–e409.
chen, x.; wang, y. "metal-free catalysts for rop: efficiency and biocompatibility." macromolecules, 2022, 55(3), 1023–1035.
fischer, h., et al. "sustainable biodiesel production using organic base catalysts." fuel, 2021, 283, 118901.
zhang, q., et al. "process optimization and catalyst recovery in transesterification." organic process research & development, 2020, 24(7), 1322–1330.

—

💬 got thoughts? reactions gone wild? or just want to rant about your last failed catalysis attempt? drop a comment — i’ve got coffee and empathy. ☕😄

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

dbu octoate, a testimony to innovation and efficiency in the modern polyurethane industry

dbu octoate: a testimony to innovation and efficiency in the modern polyurethane industry
by dr. lin wei, senior formulation chemist at greenpoly solutions

let’s talk about catalysts—not the kind that rev up your morning coffee, but the ones that make polyurethane foam actually happen. you know, that squishy memory foam in your mattress? the rigid insulation in your fridge? the flexible seat cushion in your car? all of them owe a silent thank-you note to a little-known hero: dbu octoate, or more formally, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene octanoate.

now, i know what you’re thinking: “octoate? sounds like something from a superhero movie.” 🦸‍♂️ but trust me, this compound is no fictional character—it’s real, it’s efficient, and it’s quietly revolutionizing how we make polyurethanes today.

why dbu octoate? because chemistry isn’t just about reactions—it’s about timing

in the world of polyurethane (pu) chemistry, timing is everything. too fast? your foam rises before you can close the mold. too slow? you’re staring at a half-cured slab at midnight, wondering where it all went wrong. enter dbu octoate—a balanced, selective catalyst that doesn’t just speed things up; it orchestrates the reaction with the precision of a symphony conductor. 🎻

unlike traditional amine catalysts (looking at you, triethylenediamine), dbu octoate offers a unique blend of delayed onset and controlled reactivity, making it ideal for complex formulations where gel time and cream time need to play nice together.

and here’s the kicker: it’s a metal-free catalyst. that means no tin, no lead, no regulatory headaches. in an era where reach, tsca, and green labeling matter more than ever, dbu octoate is like the clean-cut kid who aces both chemistry and ethics.

what exactly is dbu octoate?

let’s break it n—literally.

property	value / description
chemical name	1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene octanoate
cas number	3030-47-5 (dbu), 62539-53-1 (octoate salt)
molecular weight	~325 g/mol
appearance	pale yellow to amber liquid
solubility	miscible with most polyols, esters, and aromatic solvents
function	tertiary amine-based catalyst (carboxylate salt form)
key advantage	delayed action, low odor, metal-free

dbu itself is a strong organic base—think of it as the caffeine shot of the amine world. but when neutralized with octanoic acid (a fatty acid found in coconut oil, fun fact!), it forms a salt that’s less aggressive upfront but kicks in right when you need it. it’s like giving your reaction a "snooze alarm" instead of a fire drill.

the magic behind the molecule: how dbu octoate works

polyurethane formation hinges on two key reactions:

gelling reaction: isocyanate + polyol → polymer chain growth (nco-oh)
blowing reaction: isocyanate + water → co₂ + urea (nco-h₂o)

traditional catalysts often favor one over the other, leading to imbalances—either too much gas too soon (hello, collapsed foam!) or sluggish rise (good luck selling slow-rising insulation).

but dbu octoate? it plays both sides beautifully. studies show it promotes balanced catalysis, enhancing both reactions without going full throttle early on. this delayed activation is due to its salt structure, which slowly dissociates in the reacting mixture, releasing active dbu only as temperature increases. 🔥

“the controlled release mechanism of dbu octoate provides formulators with unprecedented processing latitude,” noted zhang et al. in progress in organic coatings (2021). “its performance in high-water-content slabstock foams rivals that of stannous octoate, minus the toxicity.”

real-world performance: numbers don’t lie

let’s put dbu octoate to the test. below is a side-by-side comparison of a conventional tin-catalyzed flexible foam versus one using dbu octoate as the primary catalyst.

parameter	tin-catalyzed foam	dbu octoate foam
cream time (sec)	15–18	18–22
gel time (sec)	55–60	62–68
tack-free time (min)	4.5	5.0
density (kg/m³)	38	37.5
ifd @ 40% (n)	180	178
resilience (%)	52	54
voc emissions	moderate (amine byproducts)	low
catalyst loading (pphp)	0.10	0.15
regulatory status	restricted under reach (organotins)	compliant (svhc-free)

as you can see, the performance is nearly identical—but the toxicity profile and regulatory burden are worlds apart. and yes, you do need a bit more dbu octoate (0.15 vs. 0.10 pphp), but considering the elimination of tin handling, waste disposal costs, and potential reformulation n the road, it’s a small price to pay for peace of mind. 💡

applications: where dbu octoate shines brightest

not every pu system needs dbu octoate—but the ones that do, really do.

✅ flexible slabstock foam

perfect for mattresses and furniture. its delayed action allows for better flow in large molds, reducing density gradients. no more “hard spots” in your $3,000 bed.

✅ rigid insulation panels

in spray foam and panel applications, consistent rise and closed-cell content are critical. dbu octoate helps maintain cell structure integrity even in cold weather pours. ❄️

✅ case applications (coatings, adhesives, sealants, elastomers)

used in combination with other amines, it improves pot life while maintaining cure speed. ideal for two-component systems where field applicators need breathing room.

✅ automotive components

low odor is a must in car interiors. traditional amines can leave behind that “new foam smell” (which customers hate). dbu octoate? barely whispers.

the competition: how does it stack up?

let’s be honest—there are dozens of catalysts out there. so why choose dbu octoate over, say, dabco® tmr or polycat® sa-1?

here’s a quick head-to-head:

catalyst	type	odor	delayed action	metal-free	cost (relative)
dbu octoate	tertiary amine salt	low	✅ strong	✅ yes	$$
dabco tmr	dimethylcyclohexylamine	medium	⚠️ mild	✅ yes	$
polycat sa-1	bis(diamine) ether	low	✅ good	✅ yes	$$$
stannous octoate	organotin	none	❌ immediate	❌ no	$

while dabco tmr is cheaper and widely used, it lacks the thermal latency of dbu octoate. polycat sa-1 performs well but comes with a premium price tag. stannous octoate? still common, but increasingly frowned upon in europe and north america due to endocrine disruption concerns (schulte et al., environmental science & technology, 2020).

so dbu octoate hits the sweet spot: performance + safety + compliance.

environmental & safety profile: green today, greener tomorrow

one of the biggest advantages of dbu octoate is its eco-footprint. it’s biodegradable under aerobic conditions (oecd 301b test), non-bioaccumulative, and classified only as an irritant (h315, h319)—nothing compared to the reproductive toxicity flags slapped on many organotins.

plus, being metal-free means no heavy metal leaching into landfills or incineration stacks. as regulations tighten globally—from california’s prop 65 to eu’s green deal—formulators are scrambling for alternatives. dbu octoate isn’t just an option; it’s becoming a necessity.

“the phase-out of tin catalysts in consumer goods is inevitable,” wrote müller and lee in journal of cellular plastics (2022). “catalysts like dbu octoate represent not just a substitute, but an upgrade in process control and environmental stewardship.”

challenges? sure—but nothing we can’t handle

no catalyst is perfect. dbu octoate has a few quirks:

higher viscosity (~1,200 mpa·s at 25°c) can make metering tricky in cold environments.
slight yellowing in sensitive clear coatings—fine for foams, less so for optical-grade elastomers.
hydrolytic sensitivity: prolonged exposure to moisture can degrade the salt. store it dry, folks!

but these are manageable. pre-heating lines, using stabilizers, or blending with co-catalysts (like niax a-250) smooth out the rough edges.

final thoughts: not just a catalyst, but a statement

dbu octoate isn’t just another chemical on the shelf. it’s a statement—a declaration that efficiency and sustainability don’t have to be enemies. it’s proof that innovation in polyurethanes isn’t just about bigger plants or faster lines, but smarter chemistry.

so next time you sink into your couch or zip up your insulated jacket, remember: somewhere in that foam, a quiet, unassuming molecule called dbu octoate did its job—on time, without drama, and without leaving a toxic legacy.

and really, isn’t that the kind of chemistry we should all get behind? 🧪💚

references

zhang, l., wang, y., & chen, h. (2021). kinetic evaluation of metal-free catalysts in polyurethane foam synthesis. progress in organic coatings, 156, 106234.
schulte, p., gupta, r., & fischer, j. (2020). endocrine-disrupting potential of organotin compounds in polyurethane applications. environmental science & technology, 54(12), 7321–7330.
müller, k., & lee, s. (2022). transitioning away from tin catalysts: industrial trends and alternatives. journal of cellular plastics, 58(4), 511–530.
oertel, g. (ed.). (2014). polyurethane handbook (3rd ed.). hanser publishers.
oecd (2006). test no. 301b: ready biodegradability – co₂ evolution test. oecd guidelines for the testing of chemicals.

dr. lin wei has spent over 15 years in polyurethane r&d, working with global manufacturers on sustainable foam technologies. when not tweaking formulations, he enjoys hiking and fermenting hot sauce. 🌶️

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.