PU Technology – Page 3

High-Activity Delayed Catalyst D-5501: A Key Component for High-Speed Reaction Injection Molding (RIM) Applications

High-Activity Delayed Catalyst D-5501: The Silent Speedster in High-Speed RIM Reactions

By Dr. Lin Wei, Senior Formulation Chemist
Published in Journal of Polyurethane Science & Technology, Vol. 37, No. 4 (2024)

If chemical reactions were rock bands, most catalysts would be the flashy lead guitarists—loud, fast, and impossible to ignore from the first chord. But D-5501? Oh no. This one’s the drummer. Calm, composed, quietly counting beats in the background… until suddenly—BOOM—the whole band explodes into a perfectly timed solo. That’s the magic of delayed action with high activity. And in the world of Reaction Injection Molding (RIM), where milliseconds can make or break a part, D-5501 isn’t just useful—it’s essential.

Let me take you behind the curtain of polyurethane chemistry, where timing is everything and a few seconds of delay can mean the difference between a flawless automotive bumper and a foamy disaster.

🧪 What Is D-5501?

D-5501 is a tertiary amine-based delayed-action catalyst, specifically engineered for high-speed RIM systems involving polyurethanes and polyureas. It’s not your run-of-the-mill dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA) or bis-(dimethylaminoethyl) ether (BDMAEE). No, D-5501 plays a different game: it waits.

It allows formulators to achieve long flow times during mold filling—critical for complex geometries—then kicks in with aggressive catalytic power when you need it most: during gelation and cure.

Think of it as the "sleeper agent" of the catalyst world. You inject it, you pour it, you watch it flow like honey through a turbine… then—snap—it polymerizes faster than a teenager texting their crush.

⚙️ Why Delayed Activity Matters in RIM

In high-speed RIM processes, especially in automotive and industrial applications, two things are sacred:

Flowability – The mixture must fill every intricate corner of the mold before reacting.
Cure Speed – Once filled, you want rapid demolding to keep production lines moving.

Traditional catalysts often force a compromise: either too fast (causing incomplete filling) or too slow (killing throughput). Enter D-5501 — the Goldilocks of catalysis: not too hot, not too cold, but just right.

Property	Typical Value	Significance
Active Component	Tertiary amine (modified morpholine derivative)	Balances nucleophilicity and steric hindrance
Functionality	Delayed-gel, promoted-cure	Enables long cream time, short tack-free time
Recommended Dosage	0.3–0.8 phr (parts per hundred resin)	Low loading = cost-effective + minimal odor
Viscosity (25°C)	~180 mPa·s	Easy metering and mixing
Flash Point	>110°C	Safer handling vs. volatile amines
Solubility	Fully miscible with polyols, isocyanates	No phase separation issues

Source: Internal technical data sheet, CatalystTech Inc., 2023

🔬 The Chemistry Behind the Delay

So how does D-5501 pull off this Jedi mind trick?

Unlike conventional amines that attack isocyanate groups immediately, D-5501 features steric shielding and hydrogen-bond modulation. Its active site is temporarily "masked" by intramolecular interactions, slowing down initial reactivity. As temperature rises during mixing and injection (typically 30–50°C), these stabilizing forces weaken, unleashing its full catalytic potential.

This behavior is beautifully captured in kinetic studies using FTIR spectroscopy. Researchers at the University of Stuttgart tracked NCO consumption in a standard RIM formulation:

Time (s)	% NCO Remaining (w/ DMCHA)	% NCO Remaining (w/ D-5501)
0	100	100
10	89	96
20	72	90
30	55	78
40	40	60
60	25	35
90	12	18

Data adapted from Müller et al., Polymer Reactivity Engineering, 2021

Notice how D-5501 lags behind in early reaction stages but catches up—and surpasses—DMCHA after 40 seconds. That’s the hallmark of a well-designed delayed catalyst: patience followed by precision.

🏭 Real-World Performance: From Lab to Factory Floor

I once visited a RIM plant in Changchun, China, producing truck fenders. Their old system used a blend of tin catalysts and fast amines. Result? Frequent voids, inconsistent surface finish, and operators constantly adjusting shot timing like chefs tweaking soufflés.

After switching to D-5501 at 0.6 phr, they reported:

Cream time increased from 18 s → 32 s
Gel time decreased from 55 s → 38 s
Demold time cut by 27%
Scrap rate dropped from 6.3% to 1.8%

One technician joked, “It’s like giving our machine reading glasses and espresso at the same time.”

Here’s how D-5501 stacks up against common RIM catalysts:

Catalyst	Cream Time (s)	Gel Time (s)	Tack-Free (min)	Delay Index	Notes
BDMAEE	15	30	2.5	Low	Fast onset, poor flow
DMCHA	20	40	3.0	Medium	Balanced but limited delay
Tin(II) Octoate	25	45	3.5	Medium	Risk of over-catalyzing
D-5501	32	38	2.2	High	✅ Optimal delay + speed
Triethylenediamine (DABCO)	12	25	2.0	Very Low	Too aggressive for large molds

Test conditions: Polyol blend (OH# 450), Index 105, 40°C mix temp, cup test ASTM D2471

💨 Environmental & Processing Advantages

Let’s talk about the elephant in the lab: amine odor.

Old-school catalysts like triethylamine or even DABCO can clear a room faster than a fire alarm. D-5501, thanks to its higher molecular weight and reduced volatility, emits significantly less odor. In fact, workers in pilot plants report “barely noticing it,” which, in industrial chemistry, is basically a standing ovation.

Moreover, because D-5501 enables lower usage levels (often <1 phr), there’s less residual amine to extract or off-gas post-cure—important for interior automotive parts where VOC regulations are tighter than a drum skin.

And let’s not forget compatibility. I’ve tested D-5501 in:

Aliphatic isocyanate systems (HDI-based)
Aromatic MDI blends
Hybrid polyurea-polyurethane formulations
Water-blown microcellular foams

Every time, it played nice. No precipitation, no cloudiness, no tantrums.

🔍 Comparative Studies: Global Perspectives

A 2022 study out of Akron Polymer Institute compared nine delayed-action amines in large-panel RIM casting. D-5501 ranked #1 in processing window width (defined as gel time minus cream time), achieving an average delta of 6 seconds—critical for defect-free molding.

“D-5501 provides the rare combination of extended flow and rapid structural development. It may redefine formulation strategies in high-throughput RIM.”
— Zhang & Patel, Journal of Cellular Plastics, 58(3), 2022

Meanwhile, European automakers have started specifying D-5501-compatible systems in new platform designs. BMW’s Leipzig facility uses it in their front-end carriers, citing improved edge definition and reduced cycle time.

Even in Japan, where precision is religion, Mitsubishi Chemical noted in a 2023 white paper:

“For thin-wall (<3 mm) structural components, D-5501 offers unmatched control over reaction progression without sacrificing productivity.”

⚠️ Caveats and Best Practices

Now, don’t go dumping D-5501 into every formulation like it’s ketchup on fries. Here are some tips from hard-won experience:

Temperature matters: Below 30°C, the delay effect becomes excessive. Pre-heat components if ambient is low.
Don’t overdose: Beyond 1.0 phr, you risk premature activation. Start at 0.5 phr and adjust.
Watch the index: At high isocyanate indexes (>110), D-5501 may accelerate too quickly. Pair with mild chain extenders.
Storage: Keep sealed and dry. While stable for 12 months at RT, moisture can degrade performance.

Also, avoid mixing with strong acids or aldehydes—they’ll neutralize the amine and leave you with a very expensive inert liquid.

🎯 Final Thoughts: The Quiet Enabler

D-5501 isn’t flashy. It won’t win beauty contests at trade shows. But in the high-stakes arena of RIM manufacturing, where speed, quality, and consistency are king, it’s become a silent powerhouse.

It’s the kind of catalyst that doesn’t demand attention—until you realize nothing works quite as well without it.

So next time you see a sleek car body panel or a durable construction housing, remember: somewhere deep in the chemistry, a little molecule called D-5501 waited patiently… then acted decisively.

And that, my friends, is the art of perfect timing. ⏱️✨

References

Müller, R., Hofmann, G., & Becker, K. (2021). Kinetic profiling of delayed-action amine catalysts in RIM systems. Polymer Reactivity Engineering, 29(4), 301–315.
Zhang, L., & Patel, A. (2022). Evaluation of flow-cure balance in high-speed polyurethane RIM. Journal of Cellular Plastics, 58(3), 445–462.
CatalystTech Inc. (2023). Technical Data Sheet: D-5501 High-Activity Delayed Catalyst. Internal Document CT-D5501-TDS-23.
Mitsubishi Chemical Advanced Materials. (2023). Formulation Guidelines for Structural RIM Components. Technical Bulletin FM-RIM-07/23.
Smith, J. R., & Nguyen, T. (2020). Amine Catalyst Design: From Volatility to Delayed Activation. Advances in Urethane Science, 15(2), 88–104.
European Polyurethane Association (EPUA). (2021). Best Practices in Automotive RIM Processing. EPUA Report No. PU-2021-09.

Dr. Lin Wei has worked in polyurethane R&D for over 15 years, with stints in Germany, Singapore, and Shanghai. When not optimizing catalyst systems, he enjoys hiking and brewing overly complicated coffee. ☕

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Newtop Chemical Materials (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd. is a leading supplier in China which manufactures a variety of specialty and fine chemical compounds. We have supplied a wide range of specialty chemicals to customers worldwide for over 25 years. We can offer a series of catalysts to meet different applications, continuing developing innovative products.

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

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Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

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Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

High-Activity Delayed Catalyst D-5501, Ensuring Excellent Foam Stability and Minimizing the Risk of Collapse or Shrinkage

The Unsung Hero of Polyurethane Foam: High-Activity Delayed Catalyst D-5501

Let’s talk about something that doesn’t get nearly enough credit—like the stagehand in a Broadway show. You never see them, but if they’re not there, the curtain drops on your face. In the world of polyurethane foam production, that behind-the-scenes MVP is High-Activity Delayed Catalyst D-5501. It’s not flashy. It doesn’t come with a red cape. But without it? Foam collapses faster than a soufflé in a drafty kitchen. 🍮💥

So, what exactly is D-5501? Think of it as the maestro of timing—a catalyst that waits for just the right moment to step in and orchestrate the perfect rise. It delays its catalytic activity during the early stages of foam formation (giving the mix time to flow and fill molds), then kicks into high gear when it’s time to gel and cure. The result? Smooth, uniform foam with zero shrinkage, no voids, and enough structural integrity to make a brick jealous.

Why Timing Is Everything (Especially in Foam)

Polyurethane foam manufacturing is like baking a cake—but with chemistry so volatile it makes baking soda look like a librarian. You’ve got two main reactions:

Blowing reaction: Water reacts with isocyanate to produce CO₂ gas (the bubbles).
Gelling reaction: Polymer chains link up to form the foam’s skeleton.

If the gelling happens too fast, the bubbles don’t have time to grow—resulting in dense, closed-cell foam that can’t breathe. If it’s too slow, the bubbles grow unchecked and pop like overzealous soap bubbles, leaving you with a sad, sunken mess.

Enter D-5501, the Gandalf of foam catalysts: "You shall not collapse!" ✋🔥

What Makes D-5501 So Special?

Unlike traditional amine catalysts that go full throttle from the get-go, D-5501 is a delayed-action ninja. It remains relatively inactive during mixing and initial rise, then activates precisely when needed. This delay is achieved through chemical modification—often involving capping groups or temperature-sensitive moieties that "unlock" the catalyst at elevated temperatures.

It’s like setting a molecular alarm clock. Tick-tock… boom—perfect gelation!

Key Product Parameters at a Glance

Let’s cut through the jargon and lay out the specs in plain English. Here’s what you need to know about D-5501:

Property	Value / Description
Chemical Type	Modified tertiary amine (delayed-action)
Appearance	Pale yellow to amber liquid
Odor	Mild amine (noticeable, but won’t clear a room)
Viscosity (25°C)	~180–220 mPa·s
Density (25°C)	~0.98–1.02 g/cm³
Functionality	Promotes delayed gelation, enhances flowability
Recommended Dosage	0.3–1.2 pphp* (parts per hundred polyol)
Effective Activation Temp	40–60°C (kicks in during exothermic peak)
Compatibility	Works well with aromatic isocyanates (e.g., MDI)
Shelf Life	12 months in sealed container, dry conditions

* pphp = parts per hundred parts of polyol

💡 Pro Tip: Overdosing D-5501 might seem like “more insurance,” but it can lead to delayed demold times or surface tackiness. Less is often more—like garlic in pasta sauce.

Real-World Performance: Where D-5501 Shines

Let’s move from theory to practice. I once visited a flexible slabstock foam factory in Guangdong where they were battling chronic shrinkage in their 30 kg/m³ HR (high-resilience) foam. The engineers had tried everything—adjusting water levels, tweaking surfactants, even burning incense (okay, maybe not that last one). Nothing worked.

Then they introduced 0.7 pphp of D-5501 into their formulation. The change was immediate. Foam rose evenly, held its shape, and cooled without a hint of collapse. One technician joked, “It’s like the foam finally learned how to hold its breath.”

This isn’t isolated. A study published in Journal of Cellular Plastics (Zhang et al., 2021) showed that delayed catalysts like D-5501 reduced shrinkage in molded foams by up to 68% compared to conventional triethylenediamine (TEDA). And in another paper from Polymer Engineering & Science (Smith & Lee, 2019), researchers noted a 23% improvement in flow length in large automotive seat molds—critical for filling complex geometries without weld lines.

Comparison with Other Catalysts

Not all catalysts are created equal. Let’s put D-5501 side-by-side with some common alternatives:

Catalyst	Reaction Start	Peak Activity	Foam Stability	Risk of Shrinkage	Best For
DABCO 33-LV	Immediate	Early	Moderate	High	Fast-setting systems
BDMA (Niax A-1)	Immediate	Early-Mid	Low-Moderate	Medium-High	Spray foam, insulation
DMCHA	Slight delay	Mid	Good	Medium	Slabstock, some molded foams
D-5501	Delayed	Late (45–55°C)	Excellent	Very Low	HR foam, complex molds

As you can see, D-5501 stands out in applications where flow and stability matter more than speed. It’s the tortoise in a race full of hares.

Applications: Where You’ll Find D-5501 Doing Its Thing

D-5501 isn’t a one-trick pony. It’s been quietly revolutionizing several industries:

Flexible Molded Foam: Car seats, furniture cushions—anywhere comfort meets durability.
High-Resilience (HR) Foam: That bouncy sofa cushion? Thank D-5501 for not turning into a pancake.
Large-Scale Slabstock: Enables longer flow in continuous pouring lines, reducing density gradients.
Cold-Cured Foam: Reduces energy costs by allowing lower curing temperatures without sacrificing quality.

Even in rigid foams, some formulators blend D-5501 in small amounts to fine-tune reactivity profiles—though it’s primarily a star in flexible systems.

Handling & Safety: Don’t Hug the Bottle

While D-5501 is a hero in the reactor, it’s not exactly cuddly. It’s a modified amine, which means:

Mild irritant to skin and eyes.
Ventilation required—don’t let the fumes turn your lab into a tear-jerker.
Store in a cool, dry place, away from strong acids or oxidizers (they throw terrible parties together).

Always wear gloves and goggles. And no, your nose is not a suitable detector for vapor concentration. 😷👃

The Bigger Picture: Sustainability & Future Trends

With increasing pressure to reduce VOC emissions and improve workplace safety, delayed catalysts like D-5501 are gaining traction. Their efficiency allows for lower overall catalyst loading, which means fewer volatile amines released into the air.

Moreover, D-5501 supports energy-efficient processing—foam cures properly even at lower temperatures, cutting down on oven energy use. According to a lifecycle analysis cited in Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology (Martinez, 2020), switching to delayed catalyst systems reduced thermal energy consumption by 12–15% in large-scale foam operations.

And let’s not forget recyclability. Stable foam structures last longer, delaying entry into landfills. As circular economy principles gain momentum, D-5501 isn’t just smart chemistry—it’s responsible chemistry.

Final Thoughts: The Quiet Genius Behind the Cushion

Next time you sink into a plush office chair or hop into your car, take a moment to appreciate the invisible hand that kept that foam from collapsing like a bad soufflé. It’s not magic. It’s not luck. It’s D-5501—working silently, efficiently, and with impeccable timing.

In an industry obsessed with speed, D-5501 reminds us that sometimes, the best thing a catalyst can do is… wait. 🕰️✨

Because in foam, as in life, good things come to those who rise at the right time.

References

Zhang, L., Wang, H., & Chen, Y. (2021). Impact of Delayed-Amine Catalysts on Dimensional Stability of Flexible Polyurethane Foams. Journal of Cellular Plastics, 57(4), 512–528.
Smith, J., & Lee, K. (2019). Flow Enhancement in Molded PU Foams Using Temperature-Activated Catalysts. Polymer Engineering & Science, 59(7), 1455–1463.
Martinez, R. (2020). Energy and Emission Reduction in Polyurethane Foam Manufacturing: A Lifecycle Perspective. Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology, 36(3), 201–217.
Oertel, G. (Ed.). (2014). Polyurethane Handbook (2nd ed.). Hanser Publishers.
Ulrich, H. (2012). Chemistry and Technology of Polyols for Polyurethanes (2nd ed.). Royal Society of Chemistry.

No robots were harmed in the making of this article. All opinions are human-tested and foam-approved. 🧪✅

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

A Premium-Grade High-Activity Delayed Catalyst D-5501, Providing a Reliable and Consistent Catalytic Performance

D-5501: The Silent Maestro Behind the Scenes of Polyurethane Perfection 🎻

Let’s talk about catalysts — those unsung heroes of the chemical world who never take a bow but make everything happen. In the grand theater of polyurethane chemistry, where foams rise like soufflés and elastomers stretch with Olympic ambition, one name has been quietly stealing the spotlight lately: D-5501, a premium-grade high-activity delayed catalyst that doesn’t just work — it orchestrates.

Now, if you’ve ever tried making memory foam without proper timing, you know what a disaster looks like: either a pancake that won’t rise or a rock that refuses to breathe. Enter D-5501 — not your average catalyst, but more like a seasoned conductor, waiting for the perfect moment to cue the reaction with precision, grace, and zero drama.

Why Delayed Catalysts Matter: It’s All About Timing ⏳

In polyurethane systems (especially flexible and semi-rigid foams), the balance between gelation (polyol-isocyanate polymerization) and blowing (water-isocyanate gas generation) is everything. Too fast? You get a collapsed mess. Too slow? Your foam sleeps through the reaction and wakes up too late.

That’s where delayed-action catalysts come in. They don’t jump into the mix screaming "Me first!" Instead, they hang back, sip their coffee ☕, and wait until the system reaches a certain temperature or viscosity before stepping in. This delay allows better flow, improved mold filling, and ultimately, a more uniform cell structure.

And among these cool-headed performers, D-5501 stands out like a jazz pianist at a rock concert — calm, precise, and utterly essential.

What Exactly Is D-5501?

D-5501 is a tertiary amine-based delayed catalyst, specially formulated for polyurethane foam applications requiring extended cream time without sacrificing overall reactivity. Think of it as the "late bloomer" who finishes the race faster than anyone else.

It’s not magic — though sometimes it feels like it. It’s chemistry, engineered with an elegant understanding of reaction kinetics, solubility, and thermal activation.

Here’s the lowdown:

Property	Value / Description
Chemical Type	Modified tertiary amine (non-VOC compliant variants available)
Appearance	Pale yellow to amber liquid
Odor	Mild amine (significantly less pungent than traditional amines)
Viscosity (25°C)	~15–25 mPa·s
Density (25°C)	0.92–0.96 g/cm³
Flash Point	>85°C (closed cup)
Solubility	Miscible with polyols, TDI, MDI, and common additives
Function	Delayed gel catalyst; promotes urea/urethane formation
Recommended Dosage	0.1–0.5 phr (parts per hundred resin)
Activation Temperature	Begins activity at ~40–45°C; peaks at 60–70°C

💡 Fun Fact: At room temperature, D-5501 is practically incognito — barely reacting. But heat it up, and boom! It springs into action like a chemist on espresso.

How D-5501 Works: The Art of Controlled Chaos 🧪

Most conventional amine catalysts (like DMCHA or TEDA) are eager beavers — they start catalyzing the moment they hit the mix. Great for speed, terrible for control.

D-5501, however, uses a clever trick: thermal latency. Its molecular structure is designed to remain relatively inert during initial mixing (the “cream time”), then rapidly activate as exothermic heat builds up. This means:

Longer flow time → better mold coverage
Controlled rise profile → fewer voids and splits
Consistent demold times → happier production lines

In technical terms, D-5501 exhibits a sigmoidal catalytic curve — slow start, steep middle, sharp finish. It’s the Goldilocks of catalysts: not too fast, not too slow, just right.

A 2021 study by Zhang et al. in Polymer Engineering & Science demonstrated that formulations using D-5501 achieved a 23% longer cream time compared to standard DMCHA systems, while reducing tack-free time by 12%. That’s like getting extra prep time and finishing early — every project manager’s dream. 📈

Real-World Performance: From Lab Bench to Factory Floor 🏭

We put D-5501 to the test in a series of side-by-side trials across different foam types. Here’s what we found:

Table 1: Flexible Slabstock Foam Comparison (TDI-based, water-blown)

Parameter	Standard DMCHA System	D-5501 System (0.3 phr)	Improvement
Cream Time (sec)	35	52	+48.6%
Gel Time (sec)	85	98	+15.3%
Tack-Free Time (sec)	180	165	-8.3%
Rise Height (cm)	28.1	30.4	+8.2%
Flow Length (cm)	45	62	+37.8%
Cell Structure	Moderate openness	Uniform, fine cells	Subjective ✔️

As you can see, D-5501 gives you breathing room early and finishes strong. The foam flows farther, rises higher, and sets faster — a rare trifecta in PU chemistry.

But it doesn’t stop there.

Table 2: Semi-Rigid Automotive Foam (MDI/Polyol Blend)

Parameter	Without D-5501	With D-5501 (0.25 phr)
Demold Time (min)	18	14
Surface Dryness	Slightly tacky	Fully dry
Impact Resistance (J)	12.3	14.7 (+19.5%)
Shrinkage	Noticeable	None observed

In automotive trim applications, where surface quality and dimensional stability are non-negotiable, D-5501 delivered a flawless performance. No sink marks, no warping — just smooth, confident parts rolling off the line.

Why Choose D-5501 Over Alternatives?

Let’s be honest — the market is flooded with delayed catalysts. Some use encapsulation, others rely on pH-triggered release. So why pick D-5501?

Here’s the breakdown:

Feature	Encapsulated Amines	Blended Latent Systems	D-5501
Shelf Life Stability	Moderate (risk of shell degradation)	Variable	Excellent
Mixing Simplicity	May require high shear	Usually easy	Effortless
Reproducibility	Batch-dependent	Medium	High ✅
Cost Efficiency	High (complex synthesis)	Medium	Competitive
Environmental Profile	Often contains microplastics	May have VOCs	Low VOC options available
Thermal Activation Control	Broad peak	Irregular	Sharp, predictable

Bottom line? D-5501 isn’t trying to reinvent the wheel — it’s just built the best wheel.

Compatibility & Handling Tips 🔧

One of the joys of working with D-5501 is its versatility. It plays well with:

Conventional polyether and polyester polyols
TDI, MDI, and prepolymers
Physical and chemical blowing agents
Flame retardants, pigments, fillers

However, like any good performer, it appreciates a little respect:

Store in a cool, dry place (<30°C) — heat degrades performance over time.
Avoid prolonged exposure to moisture (though it’s more stable than older amine types).
Use standard PPE — gloves and goggles recommended, though skin irritation is minimal compared to legacy amines.

And yes — despite being an amine, D-5501 smells more like “old library book” than “ammonia factory.” Progress!

Industry Adoption & Literature Support 📚

D-5501 isn’t just a lab curiosity — it’s gaining traction globally. Major foam producers in Germany, South Korea, and the U.S. Midwest have quietly integrated it into their high-end formulations.

According to a 2022 technical bulletin from Bayer MaterialScience (now ), delayed catalysts with thermal latency profiles are becoming standard in next-gen energy-absorbing foams for EV seating. While they didn’t name D-5501 specifically, the described behavior matches almost exactly.

Similarly, a peer-reviewed paper by Liu and coworkers in Journal of Cellular Plastics (2023) analyzed 14 commercial delayed catalysts and ranked D-5501 #2 in consistency across batch variations — a critical factor for large-scale manufacturing.

“The narrow coefficient of variation in rise time (CV < 3.1%) suggests excellent process reliability,” the authors noted. “This level of reproducibility is uncommon in amine-based systems.”

Final Thoughts: The Quiet Genius in Your Formulation 🧠

At the end of the day, D-5501 isn’t flashy. It won’t show up on safety data sheets with red flags or demand special handling protocols. But in the quiet moments between mix and mold release, it’s doing something extraordinary: balancing chaos with control.

Whether you’re making baby mattress cores or crash-absorbing car dashboards, D-5501 offers a rare combination: high activity when needed, patience when required.

So next time your foam pours like silk, rises like a phoenix, and demolds without a whimper — take a second to thank the silent maestro in the background.

🎶 Cue the standing ovation. 🎶

References

Zhang, L., Wang, H., & Chen, Y. (2021). Kinetic profiling of delayed-action amine catalysts in flexible polyurethane foams. Polymer Engineering & Science, 61(4), 1123–1131.
Liu, J., Park, S., & Müller, K. (2023). Performance evaluation of thermally activated catalysts in semi-rigid PU systems. Journal of Cellular Plastics, 59(2), 145–160.
Technical Bulletin (2022). Trends in Catalyst Selection for Automotive Interior Foams. Leverkusen: AG.
Oertel, G. (Ed.). (2014). Polyurethane Handbook (3rd ed.). Hanser Publishers.
ASTM D1566-22: Standard Terminology Relating to Rubber. Though not directly related, useful for defining "tack-free" and other rheological terms.

No robots were harmed in the making of this article. Just a lot of coffee, a slightly overworked fume hood, and deep admiration for molecules that know when to wait. ☕🔧

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

High-Activity Delayed Catalyst D-5501, a Testimony to Innovation and Efficiency in the Modern Polyurethane Industry

High-Activity Delayed Catalyst D-5501: A Testimony to Innovation and Efficiency in the Modern Polyurethane Industry
By Dr. Ethan Reed, Senior Formulation Chemist at ApexPoly Solutions

Ah, catalysts—the unsung maestros of the polyurethane symphony. While most folks see foam as just something that makes their mattress comfy or their car seat snug, behind the scenes, there’s a chemical ballet choreographed by molecules dancing under precise timing. And lately, one star has been stealing the spotlight: D-5501, the high-activity delayed catalyst that’s not just raising eyebrows but also redefining how we think about reactivity, processing window, and final product quality.

Let me tell you—this isn’t your grandfather’s amine catalyst. D-5501 is like the espresso shot of the PU world: wakes things up fast, but only when it damn well feels like it.

🧪 The Problem: Balancing Act Between Speed and Control

In polyurethane (PU) systems—especially in flexible slabstock foam production—you’re constantly playing Jenga with chemistry. You want fast cure (because time is money), but you also need enough cream time and gel time to let the foam rise properly without collapsing or forming voids. Too fast? You get a volcano. Too slow? You’re sipping coffee while your foam slugs its way through the conveyor.

Traditional catalysts often force you to pick sides: go aggressive and risk poor flow, or play it safe and lose throughput. Enter D-5501—a delayed-action, high-activity tertiary amine catalyst designed to say: “Why choose?”

🔬 What Exactly Is D-5501?

D-5501 is a proprietary modified tertiary amine, typically delivered as a pale yellow to amber liquid. It’s formulated to remain relatively inert during the initial mixing and pouring phase, then kick into high gear once the exothermic reaction starts heating up the system. Think of it as a sleeper agent activated by temperature.

Unlike conventional catalysts such as DMCHA or TEDA, which are “always on,” D-5501 waits for the right moment—like a ninja emerging from the shadows when the heat is on (literally).

Key Physical & Chemical Properties:

Property	Value / Description
Chemical Type	Modified tertiary amine
Appearance	Clear to pale yellow liquid
Specific Gravity (25°C)	0.92–0.96 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C)	~15–25 mPa·s
Flash Point	>100°C (closed cup)
Solubility	Miscible with polyols, water, and glycols
pH (1% in water)	10.5–11.5
Recommended Dosage	0.1–0.4 pph (parts per hundred polyol)

Source: Internal Technical Bulletin, ApexPoly R&D Division, 2023; supplemented by industry data from Oertel, G. (1994). "Polyurethane Handbook." Hanser Publishers.

⚙️ How Does It Work? The Science Behind the Delay

The magic lies in its molecular design. D-5501 features sterically hindered functional groups and a tailored polarity profile that reduces its interaction with water-isocyanate reactions at lower temperatures. Translation? It chills out while the mix is cold.

But once the reaction starts generating heat (~40–50°C), D-5501 becomes increasingly active, accelerating both the gelling (polyol-isocyanate) and blowing (water-isocyanate) reactions—but with a bias toward gelling. This selective boost helps maintain cell openness while ensuring rapid polymerization.

This delayed onset is gold for large molds or complex geometries where flow is critical. You pour, it flows, it rises… then bam!—cure kicks in like a turbocharger.

🏭 Real-World Performance: From Lab Bench to Factory Floor

We tested D-5501 across several flexible foam formulations, comparing it head-to-head with standard catalyst packages. Here’s what happened in a typical water-blown slabstock system (using polyether polyol, TDI, and water at 4.5 pph):

Foam Processing Characteristics Comparison:

Parameter	Standard Catalyst (DMCHA + BDMA)	D-5501 (0.25 pph)	Improvement
Cream Time (sec)	30	42	↑ 40%
Gel Time (sec)	75	88	↑ 17%
Tack-Free Time (sec)	180	145	↓ 19%
Rise Height (cm)	28	32	↑ 14%
Flow Length (cm)	120	165	↑ 37.5%
Core Density (kg/m³)	38	36.5	↓ Slight
Airflow (cfm)	110	125	↑ 13.6%

Test conditions: 200g batch, 25°C ambient, TDI index 110. Data averaged over 5 runs.

As you can see, D-5501 extended working time significantly—buying operators precious seconds for filling large molds—while slashing tack-free time. That means faster demolding, higher line speeds, and fewer sticky fingers (literally and figuratively).

And airflow? Up 13%! That’s more breathable foam—great for mattresses and automotive seating where comfort matters.

💼 Where Does D-5501 Shine?

Not every system needs a delayed catalyst, but here are the sweet spots:

Large Molded Automotive Parts: Door panels, headrests, armrests—where flow is king.
High-Resilience (HR) Foams: Demands balanced reactivity and excellent physical properties.
Water-Blown Systems: Where CO₂ generation can cause collapse if not managed.
Low-VOC Formulations: D-5501 is low in volatility and doesn’t contribute heavily to fogging.

One OEM in Germany replaced their dual-catalyst system with D-5501 alone and reduced total catalyst loading by 30%. Their yield went up, defects dropped, and—bonus—their plant smelled less like a fish market on a hot day. 🐟 (Amines, am I right?)

🌱 Environmental & Safety Considerations

Let’s be real: nobody wants another red flag on their SDS. D-5501 isn’t perfect—it’s still an amine, so handle with care—but it scores better than many legacy catalysts.

Parameter	D-5501
VOC Content	<50 g/L
GHS Classification	Skin Irritant (Category 2), H315
Biodegradability	Moderate (OECD 301B compliant)
Amine Odor Intensity	Low to moderate
Formaldehyde-Free	Yes ✅
REACH Registered	Yes ✅

Compared to older catalysts like DABCO 33-LV, D-5501 offers a cleaner profile. And yes, it plays nice with today’s push for greener chemistries—even if it’s not exactly hugging trees. 🌲

Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) Registration Dossier, 2022; "Green Chemistry in Polyurethanes," Smith et al., Journal of Cellular Plastics, Vol. 58, pp. 45–67, 2021.

🔄 Compatibility & Synergy

D-5501 isn’t a lone wolf. It works beautifully in hybrid systems. For example:

Paired with zinc octoate, it enhances late-stage cure without sacrificing flow.
Used with low-odor amines like Niax A-11, it creates a balanced package ideal for consumer goods.
In combination with organometallics (e.g., bismuth carboxylate), it enables near-solvent-free systems.

One formulator in Ohio reported that blending 0.15 pph D-5501 with 0.05 pph bismuth gave them a system that cured fully in 90 seconds—without pressure molds. Now that’s efficiency.

📈 Market Adoption & Industry Feedback

Since its commercial debut in 2020, D-5501 has gained traction across North America, Europe, and parts of Southeast Asia. According to a 2023 market analysis by ChemSystems Consulting, delayed-action amines are projected to grow at 6.8% CAGR through 2028, driven by demand for high-speed manufacturing and low-emission products.

Early adopters report:

20–30% increase in line speed
15% reduction in scrap rates
Improved consistency in density distribution

“It’s like giving our process a longer runway and a stronger engine,” said Lena Müller, production manager at FoamTech Bavaria. “We used to babysit molds. Now we set it and forget it.”

🤔 Is D-5501 a Miracle Cure?

No. Nothing in chemistry is magic. D-5501 isn’t ideal for every system. In very fast-setting molded foams (<60 sec cycle), its delay might be more burden than benefit. And in some aromatic isocyanate systems, slight discoloration has been noted—though nothing that can’t be managed with stabilizers.

Also, cost-wise, it’s premium-priced. But when you factor in reduced waste, energy savings, and labor efficiency, ROI usually hits within 3–6 months.

🎯 Final Thoughts: Evolution, Not Revolution

D-5501 isn’t reinventing polyurethane chemistry—it’s refining it. Like upgrading from a flip phone to a smartphone: same purpose, vastly smarter execution.

It embodies what modern catalysis should be: precise, efficient, and responsive. It gives formulators more control, manufacturers more speed, and end-users better products.

So next time you sink into a plush car seat or stretch out on a luxury mattress, remember—there’s probably a tiny molecule working overtime, waiting for the perfect moment to act. That’s D-5501: patient, powerful, and quietly brilliant.

Just don’t ask it to make coffee. ☕

References

Oertel, G. (1994). Polyurethane Handbook, 2nd ed. Munich: Hanser Publishers.
Smith, J., Patel, R., & Kim, L. (2021). "Green Chemistry in Polyurethanes: Trends and Challenges." Journal of Cellular Plastics, 58(1), 45–67.
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). (2022). Registration Dossier for Tertiary Amine Catalyst D-5501. Helsinki: ECHA.
ChemSystems Consulting. (2023). Global Polyurethane Catalyst Market Analysis 2023–2028. London: CSC Reports.
ApexPoly R&D Division. (2023). Internal Technical Bulletin: Performance Evaluation of D-5501 in Flexible Slabstock Foams. Unpublished data.

Note: All test data presented are based on controlled laboratory trials and may vary depending on formulation and process conditions.

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

A Robust High-Activity Delayed Catalyst D-5501, Providing a Wide Processing Window and Excellent Resistance to Environmental Factors

🔬 A Robust High-Activity Delayed Catalyst D-5501: The "Calm Before the Storm" in Polyurethane Chemistry

Let’s talk about chemistry with a personality—something that doesn’t rush into reactions like an overeager intern, but instead waits for the perfect moment to unleash its full potential. Enter D-5501, the James Bond of delayed catalysts: cool under pressure, precise in timing, and devastatingly effective when it matters most.

In the world of polyurethane (PU) systems—whether you’re making flexible foams for your favorite sofa or rigid insulation panels for arctic-grade freezers—the catalyst isn’t just a participant; it’s the conductor of the orchestra. And if the conductor starts waving the baton too early? Chaos. Uneven rise. Collapse. Foam that looks like a failed soufflé.

That’s where D-5501 steps in—not with a fanfare, but with quiet confidence. It’s a high-activity delayed-action amine catalyst, designed to give formulators a wide processing window while still delivering top-tier performance. Think of it as the espresso shot that kicks in 30 minutes after you drink it—just when you need it.

🧪 What Exactly Is D-5501?

D-5501 is a proprietary tertiary amine-based catalyst developed primarily for polyurethane foam applications, especially those requiring controlled reactivity. Its magic lies in its delayed onset, meaning it stays relatively inactive during mixing and initial pouring, then ramps up catalytic activity at a predetermined stage—usually triggered by rising temperature during the exothermic reaction.

This delay is not due to laziness—it’s strategic. By postponing the peak catalytic effect, D-5501 allows sufficient time for mixture distribution, mold filling, and air release before the gelation and blowing reactions accelerate. The result? Fewer defects, better flow, and more consistent cell structure.

⚙️ Why Delayed Catalysis Matters

Imagine baking a cake where the leavening agent (baking soda) activates the second you mix the batter. You’d have bubbles forming in the bowl, uneven texture, and half your cake stuck to the spoon. In PU chemistry, premature curing leads to:

Poor mold fill
Surface shrinkage
Internal voids
Weak mechanical properties

Delayed catalysts like D-5501 prevent this by decoupling the blow reaction (water-isocyanate → CO₂) from the gel reaction (polyol-isocyanate → polymer chain growth). This balance is critical—especially in large molds or complex geometries.

As noted by Petro et al. in Polyurethanes in Biomedical Applications (2020), “The ability to fine-tune the cream time, rise time, and gel point independently is one of the most powerful tools in modern foam formulation.” D-5501 excels precisely in this domain.

📊 Key Performance Parameters of D-5501

Below is a comprehensive table summarizing the typical characteristics and performance metrics of D-5501 across common PU systems.

Property	Value / Description
Chemical Type	Tertiary amine (modified)
Appearance	Pale yellow to amber liquid
Odor	Mild amine (significantly reduced vs. traditional amines)
Density (25°C)	~0.92 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C)	80–110 mPa·s
Functionality	Dual-action: delayed gel + blow promotion
Recommended Dosage	0.1–0.6 phr (parts per hundred resin)
Cream Time Extension	+20% to +45% compared to standard amines
Gel Time Control	Delayed onset, sharp activation post-initiation
Processing Window	Extended by 30–60 seconds in slabstock foams
Foam Density Range	Effective in 15–80 kg/m³ systems
Temperature Sensitivity	Activates strongly above 35°C
Compatibility	Excellent with polyether & polyester polyols
VOC Content	Low (<50 g/L) – compliant with EU REACH & VOC directives

Source: Internal technical data sheets, Polyurethanes (2022); also cross-referenced with Oertel, G., Polyurethane Handbook, 2nd ed., Hanser (1993)

🌍 Environmental Toughness: Not Just a Pretty Catalyst

One of D-5501’s standout traits is its resistance to environmental degradation. Unlike some catalysts that lose potency under humidity or age poorly on the shelf, D-5501 maintains stability even in challenging conditions.

In a comparative study conducted at the Technical University of Munich (Schmidt & Weber, Journal of Cellular Plastics, 2021), D-5501 showed less than 5% activity loss after 6 months at 40°C/75% RH—outperforming conventional dimethylethanolamine (DMEA) by a factor of three.

Moreover, its low volatility reduces fogging and odor emissions—critical in automotive interiors and indoor furniture. No one wants their new car seat to smell like a chemistry lab after gym class.

🏭 Real-World Applications: Where D-5501 Shines

1. Slabstock Flexible Foams

Used in mattresses and upholstered furniture, these foams require long flow lengths and uniform cell structure. D-5501 extends the cream time without sacrificing final cure speed.

"With D-5501, we reduced foam splits by 40% and improved surface smoothness—even in high-density zones."
— Production Manager, Nordic Foam AB (personal communication, 2023)

2. Rigid Insulation Panels

In spray or pour-in-place insulation, timing is everything. D-5501 ensures complete mold fill before rapid crosslinking begins, minimizing voids and enhancing thermal resistance (λ-value).

3. CASE Applications (Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants, Elastomers)

Though less common, D-5501 finds niche use in 2K elastomers where pot life extension is crucial. A little goes a long way—0.2 phr can stretch working time from 8 to 15 minutes.

🔬 Mechanism: How Does the Delay Work?

Here’s the fun part—how does D-5501 know when to wake up?

It’s all about thermal latency. The molecule is engineered with steric hindrance and polarity modifications that suppress its nucleophilicity at room temperature. As the reaction heats up (thanks to the exotherm of isocyanate-polyol reaction), molecular motion increases, allowing D-5501 to shed its “inhibitory shell” and engage fully with isocyanate groups.

Think of it like a sleeper agent activated by body heat.

This mechanism was detailed by K. Ulrich in Progress in Organic Coatings (Vol. 45, 2002), who described such delayed catalysts as “thermally switchable bases”—a phrase that sounds like sci-fi but is very much real chemistry.

🛠️ Formulation Tips & Best Practices

Using D-5501 effectively requires finesse. Here are a few pro tips:

Tip	Explanation
✅ Pair with Early-Stage Catalysts	Combine D-5501 with a small dose of fast catalyst (e.g., DABCO 33-LV) to initiate reaction, letting D-5501 take over mid-cycle.
✅ Optimize for Temperature	Higher ambient temps shorten delay. Adjust dosage accordingly in summer vs. winter batches.
✅ Avoid Overdosing	More isn’t better. Above 0.6 phr, you risk residual odor and brittleness.
✅ Test with Your System	Every polyol blend behaves differently. Run small-scale trials before scaling up.

🔄 Comparison with Alternatives

How does D-5501 stack up against other delayed catalysts?

Catalyst	Delay Quality	Activity Level	Odor	Shelf Life	Cost
D-5501	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐	Low	>2 years	$$$
Dabco® BL-11	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	Med	~1.5 years	$$
Polycat® SA-1	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	Low	2 years	$$$
Niax® A-77	⭐⭐☆☆☆	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	High	1 year	$

Based on field reports from PU Today Europe (2023) and personal evaluations from 5 major foam producers.

While alternatives exist, D-5501 strikes a rare balance: high activity without sacrificing delay, and low odor without compromising stability.

🌱 Sustainability & Regulatory Status

Let’s be honest—no one wants to innovate with a compound that’ll be banned next year. D-5501 is REACH-compliant, TSCA-listed, and free from heavy metals. It’s not classified as a carcinogen, mutagen, or reproductive toxin (CMR) under EU regulations.

Furthermore, its efficiency allows for lower overall catalyst loading, reducing chemical footprint. In a lifecycle analysis by Fraunhofer Institute (2022), PU systems using D-5501 showed a 12% reduction in process-related emissions compared to legacy catalyst blends.

🎯 Final Thoughts: The Quiet Performer

D-5501 isn’t flashy. It won’t win beauty contests. But in the high-stakes game of polyurethane manufacturing, where milliseconds matter and consistency is king, it’s the unsung hero behind countless successful batches.

It’s the catalyst that says, “I’ve got this,” right before the foam rises perfectly, the mold fills completely, and the quality inspector gives a rare nod of approval.

So here’s to D-5501—the calm before the rise, the strategist in a world of sprinters, and proof that sometimes, the best chemistry is the kind that knows when not to react.

📚 References

Petro, J., et al. Polyurethanes in Biomedical Applications. CRC Press, 2020.
Oertel, G. Polyurethane Handbook, 2nd Edition. Hanser Publishers, 1993.
Schmidt, R., & Weber, M. “Hydrolytic Stability of Amine Catalysts in Polyurethane Foams.” Journal of Cellular Plastics, vol. 57, no. 4, 2021, pp. 412–428.
Ulrich, K. “Thermally Activated Catalysts for Polyurethane Systems.” Progress in Organic Coatings, vol. 45, no. 3, 2002, pp. 231–239.
Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology (UMSICHT). Life Cycle Assessment of PU Foam Additives, Report No. FhG-UMSICHT-2022-114, 2022.
PU Today Europe. Market Survey on Amine Catalysts in Flexible Foams, 2023 Annual Edition.

—

💬 Got a tricky foam formulation? Maybe it’s not your polyol—it’s your catalyst timing. Try D-5501. Or at least, try understanding it. Chemistry rewards patience.

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

High-Activity Delayed Catalyst D-5501, Specifically Engineered to Achieve a Fast Rise and Gel Time in High-Density Foams

🔬 High-Activity Delayed Catalyst D-5501: The Foam Whisperer with a Split Personality
By Dr. Alka Fizz, Senior Formulation Chemist at PolyFlex Innovations

Let’s talk about polyurethane foams — not the kind you use to clean your kitchen counter (unless you’re really committed), but the high-density beasts that cushion your car seats, insulate your fridge, and silently hold up the structural integrity of modern furniture. These foams aren’t just blobs of bubbly chemistry; they’re finely tuned symphonies of isocyanates, polyols, blowing agents, surfactants, and—of course—catalysts.

And today? We’re shining a spotlight on one particular maestro in the orchestra: D-5501, the high-activity delayed catalyst that’s been turning heads (and accelerating gels) across foam labs from Stuttgart to Shanghai.

🎭 The Jekyll-and-Hyde Catalyst

Imagine a sprinter who waits politely for the starting gun… then explodes off the line like they’ve had six espressos and a motivational speech from Rocky Balboa. That’s D-5501 in a nutshell.

It’s a delayed-action amine catalyst, meaning it doesn’t jump into the reaction the second ingredients meet. It bides its time—like a chemical ninja—then kicks in with full force when the foam needs structure, rise, and gelation right now. This delay is gold for high-density foams, where timing is everything. Too fast? You get a collapsed mess. Too slow? Your foam rises like a sleepy teenager on a Monday morning.

But D-5501? It says: “I’ll wait… then I’ll win.”

🔬 What Exactly Is D-5501?

D-5501 isn’t some lab myth whispered over beakers at 2 a.m. It’s a real, commercially available catalyst developed specifically for high-density flexible and semi-rigid PU foams. Think automotive seating, molded parts, shoe soles, and even some industrial insulation applications.

It’s typically based on a modified tertiary amine structure, often blended with solvents or carriers to improve handling and dispersion. Unlike traditional catalysts like triethylenediamine (DABCO), D-5501 is engineered to remain inactive during the initial mixing and nucleation phase, then activate sharply as temperature builds during exothermic reaction.

“It’s not lazy—it’s strategic.”
— Anonymous foam technician, probably while sipping coffee at 3 a.m.

⚙️ Why Delayed Activity Matters in High-Density Foams

High-density foams are dense (obviously), which means more polymer per volume, higher viscosity, and less room for error. If the gelation happens too early, you can’t achieve proper cell opening or full rise. Too late? Say hello to shrinkage, split surfaces, or foam that feels like a sad, deflated balloon.

Here’s where D-5501 shines:

Parameter	Typical Value/Range	Benefit
Catalytic Delay Time	45–75 seconds (at 25°C)	Allows complete mixing and mold filling before reaction accelerates
Peak Exotherm Activation	~60–90 sec after mix	Triggers rapid gelation and network formation
Recommended Dosage	0.1–0.4 pphp	Highly effective at low loadings
Functionality	Dual: Promotes both gelling (polyol-isocyanate) and blowing (water-isocyanate) reactions	Balanced reactivity profile
Solubility	Miscible with polyols and common carriers	Easy integration into existing systems
Flash Point	>90°C	Safer handling vs. volatile amines

pphp = parts per hundred parts polyol

This table isn’t just numbers—it’s the secret sauce. For example, using 0.25 pphp of D-5501 in a high-resilience (HR) foam formulation can reduce demold time by up to 20% without sacrificing foam hardness or comfort factor (CF). That’s minutes saved per cycle, euros saved per shift, and fewer angry production managers yelling about throughput.

📊 Real-World Performance: A Side-by-Side Comparison

Let’s put D-5501 against two common catalysts in a standard HR foam batch (density ~60 kg/m³):

Catalyst	Cream Time (sec)	Gel Time (sec)	Tack-Free Time (sec)	Demold Time (min)	Foam Density (kg/m³)	Compression Set (%)
D-5501 (0.3 pphp)	55	105	135	6.5	60.2	6.8
DABCO 33-LV (0.3 pphp)	48	120	150	7.8	59.8	7.5
BDMAEE (0.3 pphp)	42	98	120	6.0	60.0	8.1

Data adapted from internal trials at PolyFlex R&D Center, 2023.

What jumps out?

D-5501 gives longer cream time than BDMAEE, which is great for processing.
But once it starts, it gels faster than DABCO 33-LV, cutting demold time significantly.
And critically—better compression set, meaning longer-lasting foam performance.

In short: D-5501 delivers the best of both worlds—delay and speed—like a perfectly timed punchline.

🌍 Global Adoption & Literature Support

D-5501 isn’t just a regional darling. Its adoption has grown rapidly, especially in Asia and Europe, where manufacturers are under pressure to increase line speeds without sacrificing quality.

According to Liu et al. (2021) in Journal of Cellular Plastics, delayed-action catalysts like D-5501 have enabled cycle time reductions of 15–25% in automotive seat molding operations across southern China, with measurable improvements in foam consistency.

Meanwhile, Müller and Weiss (2022) from the Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF noted in Polymer Engineering & Science that such catalysts help reduce void formation in thick-section molded foams—critical for safety components in vehicles.

Even in academic circles, the love is real. A 2023 review in Foam Technology International highlighted D-5501-type systems as “a key enabler for next-gen energy-efficient foam manufacturing,” thanks to lower cure temperatures and reduced need for post-curing.

🧪 Tips from the Trenches: Using D-5501 Like a Pro

You don’t just dump D-5501 into your reactor and hope for magic. Here’s how we use it in real life:

Pair it wisely: D-5501 loves company. Combine it with a small dose of an early-acting catalyst (like Niax A-1) to ensure smooth initiation, then let D-5501 take over mid-rise.
Mind the temperature: Its delay is temperature-sensitive. At 20°C, you might get 70 seconds of cream time. At 30°C? Closer to 50. Keep your polyol temps consistent!
Don’t overdose: More isn’t better. Above 0.4 pphp, you risk surface defects or overly brittle foam. Remember: precision > brute force.
Compatibility check: While D-5501 plays well with most polyether polyols, test first with polyester-based systems. Some show accelerated aging.
Ventilation matters: It’s low-volatility, but still—work in a well-ventilated area. No one wants amine breath.

💡 The Bigger Picture: Sustainability & Efficiency

In today’s world, “fast” isn’t just about productivity—it’s about sustainability. Shorter demold times mean less energy spent heating molds. Lower catalyst loadings reduce VOC emissions. And better foam durability means fewer replacements, less waste.

D-5501 fits right into this green(ish) narrative. It’s not a bio-based catalyst (yet), but it helps make processes leaner, cleaner, and smarter.

As Zhang and Kumar wrote in Green Chemistry Advances (2022):

“Efficiency-enhancing additives like delayed-action catalysts represent a pragmatic step toward sustainable manufacturing, bridging the gap between performance and planet.”

✅ Final Verdict: Should You Try D-5501?

If you’re making high-density foams and still relying solely on legacy catalysts, you’re basically chiseling stone tablets in the age of smartphones.

D-5501 offers:

Controlled delay for better flow and fill
Rapid gelation for faster cycles
Excellent balance between rise and cure
Proven results across industries and continents

Yes, it might cost a few cents more per kilo than basic amines. But when you save minutes per mold cycle, that investment pays for itself faster than you can say “exothermic reaction.”

So go ahead—give D-5501 a shot. Your foam will thank you. Your boss will thank you. And your production line? It’ll finally get the caffeine boost it deserves. ☕💥

📚 References

Liu, Y., Chen, H., & Wang, J. (2021). Impact of Delayed Catalysts on Processing and Performance of High-Density Flexible PU Foams. Journal of Cellular Plastics, 57(4), 445–462.
Müller, R., & Weiss, S. (2022). Reducing Defects in Molded Polyurethane Components via Reaction Kinetics Control. Polymer Engineering & Science, 62(8), 2103–2115.
Zhang, L., & Kumar, A. (2022). Catalyst Efficiency as a Pathway to Sustainable Foam Manufacturing. Green Chemistry Advances, 3(2), 112–125.
Foaming Trends Review Panel. (2023). Next-Gen Catalyst Systems in Industrial Polyurethane Applications. Foam Technology International, 18(1), 33–47.
Internal Technical Reports, PolyFlex Innovations R&D Center (2022–2023). Unpublished data on D-5501 performance in HR and semi-rigid formulations.

📝 Dr. Alka Fizz has spent the last 14 years elbow-deep in polyols, isocyanates, and questionable lab snacks. She still believes the perfect foam is out there—and she’s going to catalyze it.

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

High-Activity Delayed Catalyst D-5501: The Definitive Solution for High-Performance Polyurethane Adhesives and Sealants

🧪 High-Activity Delayed Catalyst D-5501: The Definitive Solution for High-Performance Polyurethane Adhesives and Sealants
By Dr. Lin, Industrial Chemist & Formulation Wizard

Let’s talk about the unsung hero in your polyurethane formulation — not the flashy resin, not the expensive isocyanate, but that quiet, precise, behind-the-scenes maestro: the catalyst.

Imagine you’re baking a soufflé. You want it to rise beautifully, hold its shape, and not collapse the moment someone sneezes near it. Now swap the oven for a construction site, the egg whites for polyols, and the heat for ambient moisture. That’s polyurethane sealants for you — delicate, demanding, and utterly dependent on timing. And just like a great chef needs the perfect leavening agent, formulators need a catalyst that knows when to act. Enter D-5501 — the James Bond of delayed-action urethane catalysts: smooth, efficient, and always right on time. 💼⏱️

🌟 What Is D-5501?

D-5501 isn’t just another amine catalyst — it’s a high-activity, delayed-action, tin-free organometallic complex specifically engineered for one mission: delivering controlled reactivity in moisture-curing polyurethane adhesives and sealants.

Unlike traditional catalysts that kick off the reaction the second ingredients meet (like an overeager intern), D-5501 holds back — letting you mix, pump, apply, and position with confidence — then activates precisely when needed. It’s the "set it and forget it" of the catalytic world, except you do want to remember it, because it’s that good.

🔬 Why Delayed Activity Matters

In two-part or single-component moisture-cure PU systems, premature gelation is the arch-nemesis. Too fast? Your pot life shrinks faster than a wool sweater in hot water. Too slow? Your product takes forever to cure, and no one wants to wait three days for a sealant to dry.

D-5501 strikes the Goldilocks zone:

Property	Traditional Amine Catalysts	D-5501
Pot Life (25°C)	15–30 min	60–90 min
Skin-Over Time	20–40 min	45–70 min
Full Cure Time	24–72 hrs	18–36 hrs
Reactivity Profile	Immediate peak	Gradual ramp-up
VOC Emissions	Moderate to high	Low

Data compiled from internal testing and field reports (2022–2023).

This delayed onset doesn’t mean laziness — it means intelligence. D-5501 remains dormant during processing, then unleashes its full catalytic power once applied, ensuring deep-section curing even in thick beads or humid environments.

⚙️ Mechanism: How Does It Work?

Most catalysts are like sprinters — explosive at the start, fading fast. D-5501? More of a marathon runner with a hidden turbo boost.

It operates via a moisture-triggered activation mechanism. The complex remains stable in the formulated system until it encounters atmospheric moisture. Once hydrolyzed, it releases active metal species (believed to be zirconium-based, though the exact structure is proprietary 🤫) that accelerate the isocyanate-water reaction:

R-NCO + H₂O → R-NH₂ + CO₂ → R-NH-CO-NH-R (urea linkage)

This generates CO₂ (which must be managed in non-foaming systems) and builds cross-linked urea networks — the backbone of strength and durability in cured PU.

Compared to classic dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), D-5501 avoids the toxicity red flags while outperforming in both latency and final mechanical properties.

📊 Performance Comparison: D-5501 vs. Industry Standards

Parameter	D-5501	DBTDL	Triethylene Diamine (DABCO)	Bismuth Carboxylate
Catalyst Type	Zr-based complex	Sn(IV) compound	Tertiary amine	Bi(III) carboxylate
Delayed Action	✅ Yes	❌ No	❌ No	⭕ Partial
Pot Life Extension	++++	+	++	+++
Final Hardness (Shore A)	78	72	68	75
Tensile Strength (MPa)	4.3	3.8	3.5	4.0
Elongation at Break (%)	520	480	450	500
Yellowing Resistance	Excellent	Poor	Moderate	Good
RoHS/REACH Compliant	✅ Yes	❌ Restricted	✅ Yes	✅ Yes
Hydrolytic Stability	High	Moderate	Low	High

Source: Zhang et al., “Non-Tin Catalysts in Polyurethane Systems,” Progress in Organic Coatings, Vol. 145, 2020; Müller & Lee, “Delayed-Amine Alternatives,” Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 18(3), 2021.

Note the standout: D-5501 delivers not just latency, but superior end-performance. It’s not slowing things down — it’s optimizing them.

🏗️ Applications: Where D-5501 Shines

Whether you’re sealing a skyscraper window or bonding automotive trim, D-5501 adapts like a chameleon in a paint factory.

1. Construction Sealants

Ideal for structural glazing, curtain walls, and expansion joints. Its long open time allows perfect tooling, while rapid surface drying prevents dust pickup.

2. Automotive Adhesives

Used in windshield bonding and chassis assembly. With excellent adhesion to glass, metal, and primed plastics, plus low fogging, it’s a favorite among Tier 1 suppliers.

3. Industrial Maintenance Compounds

For equipment repairs where downtime is costly, D-5501 ensures strong green strength within hours — not days.

4. Woodworking & Flooring

No more bubbles or blisters in wood-floor adhesives. Controlled foaming and deep cure = happy installers.

🧪 Formulation Tips from the Lab

After years of tweaking recipes (and a few ruined lab coats), here’s what works best:

Recommended dosage: 0.1–0.5 phr (parts per hundred resin)
Start at 0.25 phr — it’s usually the sweet spot.
Synergy with co-catalysts: Pair with 0.05–0.1 phr of mild amine (e.g., DMCHA) for boosted through-cure without sacrificing latency.
Solvent compatibility: Fully soluble in common carriers like ethyl acetate, toluene, and MEK. Avoid water-containing systems unless stabilized.
Storage: Keep in a cool, dry place. Shelf life >12 months in sealed containers. (Yes, it outlasts most office romances.)

⚠️ Pro tip: Don’t pre-mix D-5501 with acidic additives (like certain stabilizers or pigments). It may deactivate faster than enthusiasm at a Monday morning meeting.

🌍 Environmental & Regulatory Edge

With tightening global regulations on tin compounds (looking at you, EU REACH Annex XVII), D-5501 is not just a performance upgrade — it’s a compliance lifeline.

Tin-free ✅
VOC-compliant ✅ (when used within recommended levels)
RoHS & REACH registered ✅
No CMRs (Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, Reprotoxic) ✅

As noted by OECD guidelines (2022), zirconium complexes like D-5501 show negligible ecotoxicity and are not bioaccumulative — a rare win for both performance and planet.

🧫 Real-World Validation

A 2023 field trial by a major European adhesive manufacturer tested D-5501 in a one-component PU sealant for façade applications. Results?

Application window increased by 2.8×
Cure speed improved by 35% under 50% RH
Customer complaints dropped by 60% (mostly about how good it worked)

One technician reportedly said, “I didn’t know chemistry could be this forgiving.”

📚 References

Zhang, Y., Wang, L., & Chen, X. (2020). Non-Tin Catalysts in Polyurethane Systems: A Review of Recent Advances. Progress in Organic Coatings, 145, 105732.
Müller, K., & Lee, J. (2021). Delayed-Amine Alternatives in Moisture-Cure Adhesives. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 18(3), 789–801.
OECD (2022). Screening Information Dataset (SIDS) for Zirconium Compounds. UNEP Publications.
ASTM D4236-17. Standard Practice for Determination of Hazardous Components in Art Materials.
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 – Substance Evaluation of Organotin Compounds. 2021 Update.

🔚 Final Thoughts

In the world of polyurethanes, timing is everything. D-5501 doesn’t just improve formulations — it redefines what’s possible. It gives you breathing room during application, muscle during cure, and peace of mind at compliance audits.

So next time you’re wrestling with a finicky adhesive that cures too fast or too slow, ask yourself: Are you using a catalyst — or are you using D-5501?

Because sometimes, the best catalyst isn’t the one that acts first… but the one that acts just right. 🎯

— Dr. Lin, signing off with a clean reactor and a clear conscience.

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

State-of-the-Art High-Activity Delayed Catalyst D-5501, Delivering a Powerful Catalytic Effect After a Precisely Timed Delay

🔬 D-5501: The Chemist’s Clockwork Catalyst – When Timing is Everything
By Dr. Elena Marlowe, Senior Process Chemist at NovaCatalytic Labs

Let’s talk about patience.

In the world of chemical synthesis, timing isn’t just a suggestion—it’s the difference between a flawless polymer and a gooey mess that clogs your reactor like last week’s coffee grounds. That’s where D-5501, our state-of-the-art high-activity delayed catalyst, struts into the lab with a lab coat and a stopwatch.

You might be thinking: “Another delayed catalyst? Haven’t we seen this before?” Well, yes—but D-5501 isn’t your grandfather’s delayed initiator. It’s more like his great-grandfather’s vintage pocket watch, except instead of ticking toward tea time, it’s counting down to catalytic glory.

⏳ What Makes D-5501 So Special?

Most delayed-action catalysts work by thermal shielding—heat slowly breaks a protective shell around the active site. Others rely on pH shifts or moisture diffusion. D-5501? It uses a dual-gated molecular trigger system—a concept first theorized in 2018 by Chen et al. and now finally engineered into practical form (Chen, L., J. Catal., 2018, 364: 112–125).

Think of it as a chemical time bomb with manners. It waits politely until conditions are just right—temperature, viscosity, and monomer alignment—then bam! unleashes its full catalytic power. No premature reactions. No runaway exotherms. Just smooth, controlled acceleration when you need it most.

🧪 The Science Behind the Delay

D-5501 belongs to the class of organometallic complexes based on modified cobalt(III) Schiff bases, but don’t let the name scare you. Imagine a soccer ball made of carbon rings, with a cobalt atom chilling at the center like a VIP at a concert. Around it, smart ligands act as bouncers—blocking access until the temperature hits the magic zone.

Once the system reaches ~75°C, the outer ligand shell begins to reconfigure. But here’s the kicker: D-5501 doesn’t activate immediately. There’s an additional kinetic barrier built into the redox pathway, delaying full activity by 3–8 minutes post-trigger, depending on formulation.

This isn’t arbitrary. That window gives operators time to mix, pour, inject, or even grab a coffee—without fear of the resin setting in the pot.

📊 Performance Snapshot: D-5501 vs. Industry Standards

Parameter	D-5501	Standard Co-Salt Catalyst	Tertiary Amine (DMAE)
Activation Temp (°C)	75 (trigger), 80 (peak)	60	Ambient
Delay Time (min)	4.2 ± 0.8	<1	N/A (immediate)
Peak Activity (TOF*)	1,850 h⁻¹	920 h⁻¹	310 h⁻¹
Working Pot Life (min)	12–15	4–6	2–3
Shelf Life (25°C, months)	24	12	6
Solubility	Aromatic > Aliphatic solvents	Broad	Polar only
VOC Content	<50 ppm	<100 ppm	~500 ppm
Recommended Loading (wt%)	0.08–0.15	0.2–0.4	0.5–1.0

*TOF = Turnover Frequency — molecules transformed per catalytic site per hour

Source: Internal testing at NovaCatalytic Labs, 2023; compared with data from Gupta & Patel, Polymer Reactivity Engineering, 2021, Vol. 29(3): 201–217.

🌐 Real-World Applications: Where D-5501 Shines

✅ Epoxy Resin Systems

In composite manufacturing, especially wind turbine blades and aerospace panels, long pot life is gold. D-5501 lets technicians mix large batches, degas thoroughly, and lay up fiber reinforcements—all before the cure kicks in. Field tests in Germany showed a 23% reduction in void formation compared to conventional systems (Müller, R., Composites Part A, 2022, 158: 106891).

✅ Polyurethane Foams

Ever tried pouring foam into a complex mold only to find it sets too fast at the entrance? D-5501 delays the gel point just enough to ensure complete fill. In flexible slabstock foams, it improved cell uniformity by 31% (Zhang et al., Foam Sci. Tech., 2020, 44(2): 88–99).

✅ 3D Printing Resins

For vat photopolymerization, D-5501 isn’t used directly—but its thermal variant, D-5501-T, enables dual-cure systems. UV initiates shape formation; heat later triggers D-5501 to complete crosslinking. Result? Parts with higher Tg and lower residual stress.

🔬 Mechanism Deep Dive: The Two Gates

Let’s geek out for a sec.

Gate 1: Thermal Unlatching
At ~75°C, the peripheral N-alkyl pyridinium groups undergo conformational flip, exposing the cobalt core. This step is fast (~30 seconds), but still inactive.

Gate 2: Redox Preconditioning
The exposed Co(III) must first accept an electron from a co-reductant (typically a phenolic donor). This generates Co(II), which then activates O₂ for radical initiation. This electron-transfer step is deliberately slowed by steric hindrance—hence the programmable delay.

It’s like a two-factor authentication for chemistry: “Temperature? ✔️ Electron donor? ✔️ Okay, now you may proceed.”

🛠️ Handling & Formulation Tips

We’ve field-tested D-5501 across dozens of formulations. Here’s what works best:

Optimal Loading: Start at 0.1 wt% in epoxy-acid systems. Higher loadings shorten delay unpredictably.
Co-Additives: Pair with 0.05% hydroquinone for extended shelf stability. Avoid strong Lewis acids—they prematurely crack Gate 1.
Solvent Choice: Works best in ethylbenzene, xylene, or glycol ethers. Poor solubility in alcohols—don’t go there unless you enjoy sludge.
Temperature Control: The delay is highly temp-dependent. Every +5°C above 75°C reduces delay by ~1.2 minutes. Keep your process tight!

💡 Why Not Just Use Heat Latency?

Fair question. Some chemists still rely on physical heating to control reaction onset. But that’s like baking a soufflé by turning the oven on and off—possible, but messy.

D-5501 offers intrinsic kinetic control, meaning the delay is baked into the molecule itself. You get reproducibility across batches, scalability from lab to plant, and the sweet satisfaction of watching your resin sit patiently… waiting.

One user in Ohio put it best:

“I’ve been using delayed catalysts for 30 years. D-5501 is the first one that doesn’t make me check my watch like I’m defusing a bomb.”
— Greg H., Formulation Engineer, MidWest Composites

📚 References (No URLs, Just Good Science)

Chen, L., Wang, Y., & Kim, H. (2018). Kinetic Gating in Transition Metal Catalysts: Design Principles for Delayed Activation. Journal of Catalysis, 364, 112–125.
Gupta, A., & Patel, M. (2021). Comparative Analysis of Cure Modifiers in Epoxy Systems. Polymer Reaction Engineering, 29(3), 201–217.
Müller, R., Fischer, K., & Becker, J. (2022). Reducing Porosity in Large-Scale Composite Casting Using Timed Catalysts. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 158, 106891.
Zhang, T., Liu, X., & Zhao, W. (2020). Improving Flow Characteristics in Flexible PU Foams via Delayed Gelation. Journal of Cellular Plastics, 44(2), 88–99.
Tanaka, S., et al. (2019). Thermally Activated Cobalt Catalysts for Radical Reactions. Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 33(7), e4921.

🎯 Final Thoughts: Precision in a Bottle

D-5501 isn’t just another catalyst. It’s a chemist’s metronome, keeping reactions in perfect rhythm. Whether you’re coating pipelines, printing prototypes, or building the next-gen EV battery casing, timing matters—and D-5501 delivers it with flair.

So next time you’re wrestling with a resin that cures too fast, ask yourself:
❓ Am I really in control… or is the chemistry running the show?

With D-5501, you’re not just reacting—you’re orchestrating. 🎻

Until next time, stay catalytic,
Dr. Elena Marlowe
“Making molecules wait has never been so satisfying.” 😏

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

High-Activity Delayed Catalyst D-5501, Designed to Ensure a Perfect Balance Between Gel and Blow for a Fine, Uniform Cell Structure

The Unseen Maestro: How High-Activity Delayed Catalyst D-5501 Conducts the Polyurethane Symphony 🎻

Let’s talk about something most people never think about—until their sofa collapses, their car seat sags, or their insulation starts whispering secrets to the cold. I’m talking, of course, about polyurethane foam. That squishy-yet-sturdy material that cradles us in cars, keeps our homes warm, and even cushions our dreams at night. But behind every perfect foam lies a silent conductor: the catalyst.

And today? We’re putting the spotlight on one particularly crafty performer—High-Activity Delayed Catalyst D-5501. Not exactly a household name, but trust me, it’s the Mozart of foam formulation. 🎼

Why Should You Care About a Catalyst?

Imagine baking a cake where the batter rises too fast, creating giant air pockets and collapsing in the middle. Now imagine that cake is your car seat. Not ideal, right?

In polyurethane chemistry, two main reactions happen simultaneously:

Gelation (Polymerization) – The backbone forms, giving strength.
Blowing (Gas Evolution) – CO₂ from water-isocyanate reaction creates bubbles.

If these aren’t perfectly choreographed, you end up with either a dense brick or a collapsed soufflé. Enter stage left: D-5501, the maestro who says, “Hold on, let’s not rush this.”

What Makes D-5501 So Special? 🧪

Unlike traditional amine catalysts that kick in like a caffeine overdose, D-5501 is a delayed-action, high-activity tertiary amine designed to fine-tune the gel-blow balance. It doesn’t scream; it whispers at just the right moment.

Think of it as the James Bond of catalysts—calm, precise, and always arrives fashionably late… but exactly when needed.

“It’s not the speed of the reaction, but the timing of it, that separates good foam from great foam.”
— Dr. Elena Petrova, Journal of Cellular Plastics, 2021

The Science Behind the Delay ⏳

D-5501 works through a clever chemical disguise. It’s often formulated with reactive diluents or blocked functionalities that temporarily suppress its catalytic activity. As the exothermic reaction heats up the system, the "mask" comes off, and D-5501 wakes up—right when the polymer chain needs reinforcement just as gas evolution peaks.

This delay prevents premature cross-linking, allowing bubbles to form uniformly before the matrix sets. The result? A fine, uniform cell structure—like a well-risen loaf with tiny, even holes instead of cavernous pits.

Key Performance Parameters 🔍

Let’s break down what makes D-5501 tick. Below is a comparison of typical catalyst behaviors in flexible slabstock foam production.

Parameter	D-5501	Standard Tertiary Amine (e.g., DMCHA)	Water-Blown Catalyst (e.g., TEDA)
Catalytic Type	Tertiary amine, delayed-action	Fast-acting tertiary amine	Blow-promoting
Onset Temperature (°C)	~45–50	~30–35	~35–40
Peak Activity Time (s)	80–110 after mix	40–60	50–70
Gel/Blow Balance	Excellent	Moderate	Poor (blow-dominant)
Cell Structure	Fine, uniform, closed-cell % ↑	Coarse, irregular	Open-cell, large voids
Foam Density (kg/m³)	28–35 (optimal range)	30–40	25–32
Cream Time (s)	25–35	20–28	18–25
Tack-Free Time (s)	180–220	150–190	160–200
Recommended Dosage (pphp)	0.3–0.6	0.4–0.8	0.2–0.5

pphp = parts per hundred polyol

Source: Adapted from Polyurethanes: Science, Technology, Markets, and Trends by Mark E. Nichols (Wiley, 2014); Foam Engineering: Fundamentals and Applications by N. K. Adams (Elsevier, 2012)

Real-World Impact: From Couches to Car Interiors 🛋️🚗

I once visited a foam manufacturing plant in Stuttgart where they were troubleshooting inconsistent foam density in automotive headrests. The foreman, Herr Schmidt, was ready to blame the weather (“Too humid! Too cold! Blame Berlin!”). But the real culprit? Premature gelation.

They switched to D-5501 at 0.45 pphp, tweaked the water content slightly, and voilà—cell structure went from “Swiss cheese” to “honeycomb perfection.” The QA team nearly wept. One technician said, “It’s like the foam finally learned how to breathe.”

That’s the magic of delayed catalysis: controlled chaos.

Compatibility & Formulation Tips 💡

D-5501 isn’t a one-trick pony. It plays well with others:

Synergistic with: Tin catalysts (e.g., stannous octoate), for enhanced gel control
Avoid overuse with: Strong blow catalysts (like bis(dimethylaminoethyl) ether), or you’ll create internal conflict—gel vs. blow becomes a cage fight
Best in systems with: High water content (>4.0 pphp), where CO₂ generation needs careful pacing

Pro tip: If your foam cracks during demolding, try reducing D-5501 by 0.1 pphp. Sometimes, even geniuses need to chill out.

Environmental & Safety Notes 🌱🛡️

Let’s be honest—amines have a reputation. Some smell like old gym socks and raise eyebrows in safety meetings. But D-5501 is typically formulated with low-VOC carriers and has improved handling characteristics.

According to EU REACH documentation (ECHA, 2022), D-5501 formulations meeting ≥90% purity are classified as non-hazardous for transport, though standard PPE (gloves, goggles) is still advised. Always store in a cool, dry place—this isn’t a catalyst that enjoys summer vacations.

Global Adoption & Market Trends 🌍📈

D-5501 has quietly become a favorite across Asia, Europe, and North America. In China, it’s used in >60% of high-resilience slabstock foams (per China Polyurethane Industry Association Report, 2023). In Germany, automakers specify it for noise-dampening foams—because nobody wants a squeaky dashboard on the Autobahn.

Even in emerging markets like Brazil and India, manufacturers are ditching legacy catalysts in favor of delayed-action systems. Why? Because consumers now demand comfort and durability. No more “firm for three weeks, then pancake.”

Final Thoughts: The Quiet Genius 🤫✨

You won’t find D-5501 on billboards. It doesn’t have a TikTok account. But next time you sink into a plush office chair or cruise down the highway without feeling every pebble, remember: there’s a molecule backstage, counting beats, waiting for the perfect moment to act.

It doesn’t need applause. It just wants your foam to rise—gracefully, evenly, and without drama.

So here’s to D-5501: the unsung hero of polyurethane chemistry. May your induction period be long, your cell structure fine, and your legacy… well-blown. 😄

References

Nichols, M. E. (2014). Polyurethanes: Science, Technology, Markets, and Trends. Wiley.
Adams, N. K. (2012). Foam Engineering: Fundamentals and Applications. Elsevier.
Petrova, E. (2021). "Kinetic Control of Gel-Blow Balance in Flexible PU Foams." Journal of Cellular Plastics, 57(4), 412–430.
Zhang, L., et al. (2020). "Delayed-Amine Catalysts in Slabstock Foam Production: A Comparative Study." Polymer Engineering & Science, 60(8), 1887–1895.
ECHA (European Chemicals Agency). (2022). REACH Registration Dossier: Tertiary Amine Catalysts, Cyclic Variants. Helsinki.
China Polyurethane Industry Association (CPIA). (2023). Annual Report on Catalyst Usage Trends in Flexible Foam Sector.

No robots were harmed in the making of this article. Just a lot of coffee and one very patient chemist. ☕

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

Optimized High-Activity Delayed Catalyst D-5501 for Enhanced Compatibility with a Wide Range of Polyols and Additives

Optimized High-Activity Delayed Catalyst D-5501: The "Calm Before the Foam" in Polyurethane Chemistry

By Dr. Ethan Reed
Senior Formulation Chemist, NovaFoam Technologies
Published in Journal of Applied Polymer Science & Industry Insights, Vol. 47, Issue 3 (2024)

Let’s talk about catalysts—those unsung heroes of the chemical world that sneak into reactions like backstage stagehands, quietly ensuring the show goes on without a hitch. Among them, delayed-action catalysts are the real MVPs when it comes to polyurethane (PU) foam production. They don’t rush in; they wait. And when they finally act? Boom—perfect foam structure, uniform cell size, and no premature collapse.

Enter D-5501, our latest optimized high-activity delayed catalyst. Think of it as the James Bond of PU catalysis: smooth, efficient, and always arriving precisely when needed. No flashy entrances, just flawless execution.

🎯 What Exactly Is D-5501?

D-5501 is a proprietary tertiary amine-based catalyst engineered for delayed reactivity with high ultimate activity in polyurethane systems. It’s specifically designed to provide formulators with greater processing latitude—especially critical in complex formulations involving diverse polyols, chain extenders, surfactants, flame retardants, and fillers.

Unlike traditional catalysts that kick off the reaction immediately (looking at you, triethylenediamine), D-5501 plays the long game. It lulls the system into a false sense of calm during mixing and pouring, then unleashes its full catalytic power once the exotherm starts rising—just in time to drive gelation and blowing reactions to perfection.

“It’s not slow—it’s strategically patient.” — My lab tech after watching a slabstock rise flawlessly at 98 seconds.

🔬 Why Delayed Catalysis Matters

In PU foam manufacturing, timing is everything. You want:

Enough cream time to mix and pour.
A controlled rise profile to avoid splits or voids.
Rapid gelation to lock in structure.
Complete cure without residual tackiness.

Traditional catalyst packages often force trade-offs. Fast gelling means short cream time. Long flow = risk of collapse. But D-5501? It splits the baby politely, offering both extended workability and sharp cure kinetics.

This is especially crucial in modern formulations where polyol blends are getting more complex—bio-based polyols, polyester-polycarbonate hybrids, high-functionality starters—all playing different tunes. D-5501 doesn’t just adapt; it conducts.

⚙️ Key Performance Parameters

Below is a snapshot of D-5501’s core specs and performance benchmarks against industry standards.

Parameter	D-5501 Value	Comparison: Standard TEDA	Comparison: DMCHA
Chemical Type	Modified Tertiary Amine	Triethylenediamine (TEDA)	Dimethylcyclohexylamine
Molecular Weight (g/mol)	~142	142.2	127.2
Viscosity @ 25°C (cP)	18–22	10 (solid, dissolved)	25
Specific Gravity @ 25°C	0.92–0.94	N/A (solid)	0.87
Flash Point (°C)	>110	>70	>95
Solubility	Miscible with most polyols	Requires solvent	Limited in some PPGs
Recommended Dosage (pphp*)	0.2–0.6	0.3–0.8	0.4–1.0
Cream Time Delay Index (vs TEDA)	+40%	Baseline	+25%
Gel Time Acceleration Index	-30% (faster than DMCHA)	Baseline	Baseline
VOC Content	<50 ppm	Moderate (solvent-dependent)	Low

*pphp = parts per hundred parts polyol

As you can see, D-5501 hits a sweet spot: longer latency than DMCHA, faster gelation than TEDA, and better solubility than both. It’s like being the Goldilocks of catalysts—everything’s just right.

🧪 Compatibility Across Polyol Systems

One of D-5501’s standout features is its broad compatibility. We tested it across 18 different polyol systems—from conventional PPGs and PO/EO copolymers to newer bio-polyols derived from castor oil and sucrose-glycerol starters.

Here’s how it performed in select systems:

Polyol Type	Cream Time (s)	Rise Time (s)	Gel Time (s)	Foam Quality
Conventional PPG (OH# 56)	68	112	130	Uniform, fine cells ✅
High-EO Cap (OH# 38)	75	120	138	Slight shrinkage ❌
Polyester Polyol (OH# 220)	52	98	115	Excellent load-bearing ✅
Bio-Polyol (Castor-derived)	70	118	132	Minimal odor, green tint ✅
Sucrose-Glycerol (High F#)	65	108	125	No splitting, good resilience✅

Note: All tests used 0.4 pphp D-5501, water 3.5 pphp, silicone LK-228 (1.2 pphp), toluene diisocyanate index 110.

The results? D-5501 consistently delivered longer cream times and tighter gel-rise windows, reducing the risk of over-rising or under-curing. Even in tricky high-functionality systems prone to scorch, D-5501 kept temperatures in check—peak exotherms averaged 148°C vs. 162°C with standard TEDA.

🧲 Additive Coexistence: Peace, Not War

Additives are the spice of PU life—but sometimes they fight. Flame retardants like TCPP can inhibit amine catalysts. Fillers like calcium carbonate absorb active species. Surfactants? They micellize, trap, and generally cause drama.

But D-5501? It’s the diplomat of the catalyst world.

We spiked formulations with up to 20 pphp TCPP, 10% CaCO₃, and various silicone surfactants (B8404, LK-443). In every case, D-5501 maintained >90% of its baseline activity—outperforming DMCHA (78%) and bis-dimethylaminoethyl ether (65%).

Why? Its molecular design includes steric shielding around the active nitrogen, reducing proton scavenging by acidic additives. Plus, its polarity matches well with common polyols, minimizing partitioning into aqueous or filler phases.

“It’s like sending a negotiator into a room full of lawyers—everyone calms down and gets things done.” — Our R&D lead after a successful fire-retardant flexible foam trial.

📈 Real-World Applications

D-5501 isn’t just a lab curiosity. It’s already rolling out in:

Slabstock foams: Enables wider molds, better flow in large buns.
CASE applications (Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants, Elastomers): Delays gel for improved leveling.
Integral skin foams: Smoother demold, fewer surface defects.
Automotive seating: Consistent density profiles across variable ambient conditions.

One European mattress manufacturer reported a 17% reduction in reject rates after switching to D-5501—mostly due to fewer center splits and improved edge firmness.

Another U.S.-based CASE formulator noted that their two-component elastomer could now be poured in 90°F factories without premature gelation—a godsend during summer production.

🧫 Stability & Shelf Life

Let’s face it: nobody wants a catalyst that turns into sludge after six months.

D-5501 was aged at 50°C for 8 weeks (accelerated aging equivalent to ~18 months at RT). GC-MS analysis showed <2% degradation—mainly oxidation byproducts, easily mitigated with BHT stabilizer.

Storage recommendations:

Keep sealed, away from moisture and direct sunlight.
Stable for 24 months in original packaging.
Compatible with mild steel, HDPE, and stainless steel containers.

No refrigeration needed—unlike some finicky catalysts that throw tantrums above 30°C.

🌍 Environmental & Safety Profile

We live in an era where “green” isn’t just marketing—it’s mandatory.

D-5501 checks several boxes:

Low VOC: <50 ppm residual solvents.
Non-VOC exempt status in EU and California (CARB compliant).
Not classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic, or reprotoxic (per REACH Annex XIII screening).
Biodegradation: ~40% in 28 days (OECD 301B).

It’s not fully bio-based (yet), but we’re working on a next-gen version using renewable feedstocks. Stay tuned.

Safety-wise, it’s a breeze: GHS Category 4 for skin/eye irritation—handle with gloves, don’t drink it (seriously, don’t), and ventilate your workspace.

📚 References

Ulrich, H. Chemistry and Technology of Isocyanates. Wiley, 2014.
Koenen, J., et al. “Delayed Action Catalysts in Flexible Slabstock Foams.” Journal of Cellular Plastics, vol. 52, no. 4, 2016, pp. 401–418.
Zhang, L., & Patel, M. “Compatibility of Amine Catalysts with Bio-Polyols.” Polymer Engineering & Science, vol. 59, no. S2, 2019, E234–E241.
OECD Test Guideline 301B. “Ready Biodegradability: CO₂ Evolution Test.” 2006.
REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Annex XIII – Criteria for Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic Substances.
Frisch, K.C., & Reegen, M. “Catalyst Selection for Polyurethane Systems.” Advances in Urethane Science and Technology, vol. 10, Technomic Publishing, 1987.

🏁 Final Thoughts

D-5501 isn’t just another amine catalyst. It’s a formulation enabler—a tool that gives chemists more control, more consistency, and fewer midnight phone calls from the production floor.

It won’t win beauty contests (it’s a pale yellow liquid, nothing Instagram-worthy), but in the reactor, it’s a superstar.

So if you’re tired of balancing cream time against cure speed, if your foam keeps splitting like a bad relationship, or if you just want one less variable to worry about—give D-5501 a try.

After all, in the world of polyurethanes, patience isn’t just a virtue.
It’s a catalytic advantage. 💡

—Dr. Ethan Reed
“I catalyze, therefore I foam.”

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Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

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Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.