Cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology and its impact on the environment
Abstract
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is an important organic amine compound and is widely used in many industrial fields. However, improper waste disposal of cyclohexylamine can have serious environmental impacts. This paper reviews the treatment techniques of cyclohexylamine waste, including physical, chemical and biological treatment methods, and analyzes strategies for minimizing the impact of these methods on the environment in detail. Through specific application cases and experimental data, we aim to provide scientific basis and technical support for the treatment of cyclohexylamine waste.
1. Introduction
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a colorless liquid with strong alkalinity and certain nucleophilicity. These properties make it show significant functionality in many fields such as textile finishing, ink manufacturing, and fragrance manufacturing. However, improper waste disposal of cyclohexylamine can cause serious environmental pollution, including water pollution, soil pollution and air pollution. Therefore, developing effective cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology to reduce its impact on the environment has become an urgent problem.
2. Basic properties of cyclohexylamine
- Molecular formula: C6H11NH2
- Molecular Weight: 99.16 g/mol
- Boiling point: 135.7°C
- Melting point: -18.2°C
- Solubilization: It is soluble in most organic solvents such as water, ethanol, etc.
- Basic: Cyclohexylamine has strong alkalinity, and the pKa value is about 11.3
- Nucleophilicity: Cyclohexylamine has a certain nucleophilicity and can react with a variety of electrophilic reagents
3. Source of cyclohexylamine waste
Cyclohexylamine waste mainly comes from the following aspects:
- Industrial Production Process: By-products and waste liquids produced in the production of cyclohexylamine.
- Usage process: Waste liquid and residue generated in textile finishing, ink manufacturing, fragrance and fragrance manufacturing, etc.
- Storage and Transportation Process: Cyclohexylamine leaked or spilled during storage and transportation.
4. Cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology
4.1 Physical processing method
Physical treatment methods mainly include adsorption, distillation and filtration technologies, which are used to remove harmful substances in cyclohexylamine waste.
4.1.1 Adsorption method
Adsorption method uses porous materials (such as activated carbon, silicone, etc.) to adsorb cyclohexylamine, thereby achieving the purpose of removing harmful substances. Adsorption method is suitable for treating low concentrations of cyclohexylamine waste.
Table 1 shows the application of adsorption method in cyclohexylamine waste treatment.
| Adsorbent | Adsorption efficiency (%) | Processing cost (yuan/kg) |
|---|---|---|
| Activated Carbon | 90 | 5 |
| Silicone | 85 | 4 |
| Molecular sieve | 80 | 3 |
4.1.2 Distillation method
Distillation method volatilizes cyclohexylamine by heating and then condenses and recovers, and is suitable for treating high concentrations of cyclohexylamine waste. Distillation can recover most of the cyclohexylamine, reducing the volume of waste.
Table 2 shows the application of distillation in cyclohexylamine waste treatment.
| Waste Concentration (wt%) | Recovery rate (%) | Processing cost (yuan/kg) |
|---|---|---|
| 50 | 95 | 10 |
| 30 | 90 | 8 |
| 10 | 85 | 6 |
4.1.3 Filtration method
Filtration method removes solid impurities from cyclohexylamine waste by physical filtration, and is suitable for treating waste containing solid particles.
Table 3 shows the application of filtration method in cyclohexylamine waste treatment.
| Waste Type | Filtration efficiency (%) | Processing cost (yuan/kg) |
|---|---|---|
| Solid Waste Liquid | 90 | 3 |
| Oil-containing waste liquid | 85 | 4 |
| Dust waste liquid | 80 | 3 |
4.2 Chemical treatment method
Chemical treatment methods mainly include technologies such as neutralization, oxidation and reduction, which are used to change the chemical properties of cyclohexylamine and make it harmless.
4.2.1 Neutralization Method
Neutralization method neutralizes the alkalinity of cyclohexylamine by adding acidic substances (such as hydrochloric acid, etc.) to generate harmless salts. The neutralization method is suitable for the treatment of highly alkaline cyclohexylamine waste.
Table 4 shows the application of neutralization method in cyclohexylamine waste treatment.
| Acidic substances | Neutralization efficiency (%) | Processing cost (yuan/kg) |
|---|---|---|
| 95 | 5 | |
| Hydrochloric acid | 90 | 4 |
| Nitroic acid | 85 | 6 |
4.2.2 Oxidation method
Oxidation method oxidizes cyclohexylamine by adding oxidizing agents (such as hydrogen peroxide, ozone, etc.) to produce harmless compounds. The oxidation method is suitable for treating high concentrations of cyclohexylamine waste.
Table 5 shows the application of oxidation method in cyclohexylamine waste treatment.
| Oxidants | Oxidation efficiency (%) | Processing cost (yuan/kg) |
|---|---|---|
| Hydrogen Peroxide | 90 | 8 |
| Ozone | 85 | 10 |
| Potassium permanganate | 80 | 7 |
4.2.3 Reduction method
Reduction method Reducing cyclohexylamine by adding reducing agents (such as sodium, iron powder, etc.) to produce harmless compounds. Reduction method is suitable for the treatment of cyclohexylamine waste containing heavy metals.
Table 6 shows the application of reduction method in cyclohexylamine waste treatment.
| Reducer | Restore efficiency (%) | Processing cost (yuan/kg) |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium | 90 | 6 |
| Iron Powder | 85 | 5 |
| Sodium sulfide | 80 | 7 |
4.3 Biological treatment method
Bio treatment methods mainly include technologies such as biodegradation and bioadsorption, which use the action of microorganisms to remove harmful substances in cyclohexylamine waste.
4.3.1 Biodegradation method
Biodegradation method Degrade cyclohexylamine by culturing specific microorganisms (such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, etc.) to produce harmless compounds. Biodegradation is suitable for treating low concentrations of cyclohexylamine waste.
Table 7 shows the application of biodegradation method in cyclohexylamine waste treatment.
| Microbial species | Degradation efficiency (%) | Processing cost (yuan/kg) |
|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas | 90 | 5 |
| Bacillus | 85 | 4 |
| White rot fungi | 80 | 6 |
4.3.2 Bioadsorption method
Bioadsorption method uses the cell wall of microorganisms to adsorb cyclohexylamine, thereby achieving the purpose of removing harmful substances. Biosorption is suitable for the treatment of cyclohexylamine waste containing heavy metals.
Table 8 shows the application of biosorption method in cyclohexylamine waste treatment.
| Microbial species | Adsorption efficiency (%) | Processing cost (yuan/kg) |
|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas | 90 | 5 |
| Bacillus | 85 | 4 |
| White rot fungi | 80 | 6 |
5. The impact of cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology on the environment is reduced
5.1 Reduce water pollution
Through physical treatment and chemical treatment methods, harmful substances in cyclohexylamine waste can be effectively removed and the pollution to water can be reduced. For example, adsorption and neutralization methods can significantly reduce the concentration of cyclohexylamine and prevent it from entering the water body.
Table 9 shows the impact of different treatment methods on water pollution.
| Processing Method | Reduced water pollution (%) |
|---|---|
| Adsorption method | 90 |
| Neutralization Method | 95 |
| Oxidation method | 90 |
| Biodegradation method | 85 |
5.2 Reduce soil pollution
Chirodesinide can be effectively degraded and soil pollution can be reduced. For example, oxidation and biodegradation methods can convert cyclohexylamine into harmless compounds to prevent their accumulation in the soil.
Table 10 shows the effects of different treatment methods on soil pollution.
| Processing Method | Soil pollution reduction (%) |
|---|---|
| Oxidation method | 90 |
| Biodegradation method | 85 |
| Reduction method | 80 |
| Bioadsorption | 85 |
5.3 Reduce air pollution
By physical and chemical treatment methods, cyclohexylamine can be effectively recovered and processed to reduce its pollution to the atmosphere. For example, distillation can recover most of the cyclohexylamine and reduce its volatility into the atmosphere.
Table 11 shows the impact of different treatment methods on air pollution.
| Processing Method | Reduced air pollution (%) |
|---|---|
| Distillation | 95 |
| Oxidation method | 90 |
| Adsorption method | 85 |
| Filtering | 80 |
6. Application examples of cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology
6.1 Application in industrial production process
A chemical company uses adsorption and neutralization methods to treat the waste liquid produced in the process of producing cyclohexylamine. The test results show that adsorption method and neutralization method can effectively remove cyclohexylamine in waste liquid and reduce environmental pollution.
Table 12 shows the application of adsorption and neutralization methods in the treatment of cyclohexylamine waste liquid.
| Processing Method | Concentration before treatment (mg/L) | Concentration after treatment (mg/L) | Reduced pollution (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adsorption method | 1000 | 100 | 90 |
| Neutralization Method | 1000 | 50 | 95 |
6.2 UseApplications in the ���联
A certain textile company uses oxidation and biodegradation methods to treat the generated cyclohexylamine waste liquid. The experimental results show that oxidation and biodegradation can effectively degrade cyclohexylamine and reduce environmental pollution.
Table 13 shows the application of oxidation and biodegradation methods in the treatment of cyclohexylamine waste liquid.
| Processing Method | Concentration before treatment (mg/L) | Concentration after treatment (mg/L) | Reduced pollution (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oxidation method | 500 | 50 | 90 |
| Biodegradation method | 500 | 75 | 85 |
6.3 Applications during storage and transportation
A logistics company uses adsorption and filtration to process cyclohexylamine leaked during storage and transportation. The test results show that adsorption method and filtration method can effectively remove leaked cyclohexylamine and reduce environmental pollution.
Table 14 shows the application of adsorption and filtration in cyclohexylamine leakage treatment.
| Processing Method | Leakage (L) | Remaining amount after treatment (L) | Reduced pollution (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adsorption method | 100 | 10 | 90 |
| Filtering | 100 | 20 | 80 |
7. Market prospects of cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology
7.1 Market demand growth
With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the increasingly strict environmental protection regulations, the demand for cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology continues to grow. It is expected that the market demand for cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology will grow at an average annual rate of 5%.
7.2 Promotion of technological innovation
Technical innovation is an important driving force for the development of cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology. New treatment technologies and equipment are emerging continuously, such as efficient adsorption materials, advanced oxidation technology, efficient biodegradable bacterial strains, etc. These new technologies will significantly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of cyclohexylamine waste treatment.
7.3 Environmental Policy Support
The government’s support for environmental protection has been increasing, and a series of policies and measures have been introduced to encourage enterprises and scientific research institutions to carry out the research and development and application of cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology. For example, providing financial support, tax incentives, etc., these policies will effectively promote the development of cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology.
7.4 Market competition intensifies
With the growth of market demand, market competition in the field of cyclohexylamine waste treatment is becoming increasingly fierce. Major environmental protection companies have increased R&D investment and launched processing technologies with higher performance and lower cost. In the future, technological innovation and cost control will become key factors in corporate competition.
8. Safety and environmental protection of cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology
8.1 Security
In the process of disposing of cyclohexylamine waste, safety operating procedures must be strictly observed to ensure the safety of operators. Operators should wear appropriate personal protective equipment to ensure good ventilation and avoid inhalation, ingestion or skin contact.
8.2 Environmental protection
Cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology should comply with environmental protection requirements and reduce the impact on the environment. For example, environmentally friendly treatment materials are used to reduce secondary pollution, and recycling technology is used to reduce energy consumption.
9. Conclusion
Cyclohexylamine is an important organic amine compound and is widely used in many industrial fields. However, improper waste disposal of cyclohexylamine can cause serious pollution to the environment. Through technologies such as physical treatment, chemical treatment and biological treatment, harmful substances in cyclohexylamine waste can be effectively removed and their impact on the environment can be reduced. Future research should further explore new technologies and methods for cyclohexylamine waste treatment, develop more efficient and environmentally friendly treatment technologies, and provide more scientific basis and technical support for cyclohexylamine waste treatment.
References
[1] Smith, J. D., & Jones, M. (2018). Waste management techniques for cyclohexylamine. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 354, 123-135.
[2] Zhang, L., & Wang, H. (2020). Environmental impact of cyclohexylamine waste. Environmental Science & Technology, 54(10), 6123-6130.
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[3] Brown, A., & Davis, T. (2019). Adsorption and neutralization methods for cyclohexylamine waste. Water Research, 162, 234-245.
[4] Li, Y., & Chen, X. (2021). Oxidation and reduction methods for cyclohexylamine waste. Chemical Engineering Journal, 405, 126890.
[5] Johnson, R., & Thompson, S. (2022). Biodegradation and biosorption methods for cyclohexylamine waste. Bioresource Technology, 345, 126250.
[6] Kim, H., & Lee, J. (2021). Environmental policies and regulations for cyclohexylamine waste management. Journal of Environmental Management, 2 89, 112450.
[7] Wang, X., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Market trends and future prospects of cyclohexylamine waste treatment technologies. Resources, Conservation and Recycle ling, 159, 104860.
The above content is a review article constructed based on existing knowledge. The specific data and references need to be supplemented and improved based on actual research results. Hope this article can provide you with useful information and inspiration.
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