Introduction
Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer material widely used in all walks of life, and is highly favored for its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance and processing properties. With the increase of environmental awareness and the popularization of sustainable development concepts, traditional polyurethane production processes have gradually exposed their shortcomings in environmental friendliness. For example, catalysts used in traditional processes tend to contain heavy metals or volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which not only cause pollution to the environment, but also potentially harm human health. Therefore, developing environmentally friendly polyurethane production processes has become an urgent need in the industry.
In this context, polyurethane delay catalyst 8154 came into being. This catalyst has unique delayed catalytic characteristics and can maintain low activity at the beginning of the reaction, thereby effectively controlling the reaction rate and avoiding the occurrence of premature gelation. This characteristic makes the polyurethane production process more controllable, reduces the production of waste and improves production efficiency. At the same time, the 8154 catalyst itself has low toxicity and low volatility, meets modern environmental protection requirements, and can significantly reduce the negative impact on the environment.
This article will focus on the combination of polyurethane delay catalyst 8154 and environmentally friendly production processes, analyze its application advantages in polyurethane production, and elaborate on its performance in different application scenarios by citing relevant domestic and foreign literature. The article will also combine specific product parameters and experimental data to further verify the feasibility and advantages of 8154 catalyst in environmentally friendly production processes. In addition, the article will compare the performance differences between traditional catalysts and 8154 catalysts to provide readers with a comprehensive perspective and help understand the important role of 8154 catalysts in promoting the green transformation of the polyurethane industry.
Basic Principles of Polyurethane Retardation Catalyst 8154
Polyurethane delay catalyst 8154 is a highly efficient catalyst specially designed for polyurethane production. Its main components are organometallic compounds, usually based on elements such as tin and bismuth. Compared with traditional fast catalysts, the unique feature of 8154 catalyst is its delayed catalytic properties, that is, it maintains a low activity at the beginning of the reaction. As the reaction temperature increases or the time increases, the catalyst gradually releases the active ingredients, thereby Achieve accurate control of reaction rate.
1. Delayed catalytic mechanism
8154 The delayed catalytic mechanism of catalysts mainly depends on the special functional groups in their molecular structure. These functional groups can weakly interact with the isocyanate groups (-NCO) and hydroxyl groups (-OH) in the polyurethane raw materials at room temperature to form a stable intermediate. The presence of this intermediate causes the reaction to progress slowly in the initial stage, avoiding the occurrence of premature gelation. As the reaction temperature increases or the time extends, the intermediate gradually decomposes, releasing catalytic species with higher activity, thereby accelerating the reaction process.
Study shows that the delayed catalytic effect of 8154 catalyst is closely related to the coordination number in its molecular structure. Higher coordination numbers help to form more stable intermediates, thereby extending the delay time of the catalyst. In addition, the particle size and dispersion of the catalyst will also affect its delayed catalytic performance. Small particle size and good dispersion can improve the active center density of the catalyst, ensuring that it performs an excellent catalytic effect at an appropriate time point.
2. Environmental protection
Another important feature of 8154 catalyst is its environmental protection. Traditional polyurethane catalysts such as dilauri dibutyltin (DBTL) and sinia (T9) have high catalytic efficiency, but contain heavy metal components and are prone to release harmful substances during the production process, posing a potential threat to the environment and human health. In contrast, the 8154 catalyst uses heavy metal-free organometallic compounds, which have low toxicity and low volatility, and meets modern environmental protection requirements.
According to relevant standards of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of 8154 catalysts are much lower than those of traditional catalysts, and they are biodegradable and will not cause long-term pollution to water and soil. . In addition, the use of 8154 catalyst can also reduce the amount of solvent used during the production process, further reduce the emission of VOCs, and improve the overall environmental protection performance.
3. Scope of application
8154 catalyst is suitable for a variety of polyurethane production, including rigid foams, soft foams, elastomers, coatings and adhesives. Due to its delayed catalytic properties, the 8154 catalyst is particularly suitable for application scenarios that require long-term operation or complex molding processes, such as large-scale mold injection molding, spray foaming, etc. In these application scenarios, the 8154 catalyst can effectively extend the reaction time and ensure that the product has uniform density and good physical properties.
8154 Product parameters of catalyst
In order to better understand the performance characteristics of 8154 catalyst, the following table summarizes its main product parameters:
| parameter name | Unit | Value Range | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appearance | – | Light yellow transparent liquid | No precipitates, good fluidity |
| Density | g/cm³ | 0.95-1.05 | Measurement at 25°C |
| Viscosity | mPa·s | 50-150 | Measurement at 25°C |
| Active ingredient content | % | 10-15 | Organometallic compounds |
| Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) | g/L | <50 | Complied with EPA standards |
| Flashpoint | °C | >60 | Close cup measurement |
| pH value | – | 7-8 | Measurement at 25°C |
| Storage temperature | °C | 0-30 | Stay away from light, sealed |
| Shelf life | month | 12 | Storage under specified conditions |
As can be seen from the table, the 8154 catalyst has a lower density and viscosity, which facilitates mixing and dispersion during the production process. Its active ingredient content is moderate, which can reduce unnecessary additions and reduce production costs while ensuring catalytic effects. In addition, the VOCs emissions of 8154 catalyst are extremely low, meet strict environmental protection standards, and are suitable for application scenarios with high environmental requirements.
Application of 8154 Catalyst in Environmentally friendly production processes
As the global focus on environmental protection is increasing, the production methods of the polyurethane industry are also constantly developing towards green and sustainable directions. As an environmentally friendly delay catalyst, 8154 catalyst has shown wide application prospects in the environmentally friendly polyurethane production process with its unique delayed catalytic characteristics and low toxicity. The following are the specific application cases and their advantages of 8154 catalyst in different types of polyurethane products.
1. Application in the production of rigid foam
Rough polyurethane foam is widely used in building insulation, refrigeration equipment and other fields. During its production process, it needs to accurately control the foaming speed and density to ensure the insulation performance and mechanical strength of the product. Traditional catalysts such as DBTL and T9 show faster catalytic rates in the production of rigid foams, which can easily lead to uneven foaming and even local premature gelation, affecting product quality.
In contrast, the delayed catalytic properties of the 8154 catalyst give it a significant advantage in rigid foam production. Research shows that the 8154 catalyst can effectively extend the foaming time, ensure that the foam fully expands in the mold, and form a uniform and dense structure. In addition, the low volatility and low toxicity of the 8154 catalyst also helps reduce harmful gas emissions during the production process, improve the working environment, and reduce the potential risks to the health of the operators.
A study conducted by the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany showed that rigid polyurethane foam produced using 8154 catalyst has a thermal conductivity of about 5% lower than that produced by traditional catalysts and has an increase of more than 10% density uniformity. This not only improves the insulation performance of the product, but also reduces the use of materials and reduces production costs.
2. Application in soft foam production
Soft polyurethane foam is mainly used in furniture, mattresses, car seats and other fields. It needs to control the softness and resilience of the foam during its production process. Traditional catalysts often lead to excessive foam or insufficient resilience in soft foam production, affecting the comfort and durability of the product. In addition, the high volatility of traditional catalysts will also lead to a large amount of VOCs emissions during the production process, which does not meet modern environmental protection requirements.
8154 The delayed catalytic properties of the catalyst enable it to exhibit excellent performance in soft foam production. It maintains low activity at the beginning of the reaction, ensuring that the foam expands fully within the mold to form a soft and elastic structure. As the reaction temperature increases, the 8154 catalyst gradually releases the active ingredients, accelerates the cross-linking reaction, and imparts good mechanical properties to the foam. Experimental data show that the compressive permanent deformation rate of soft polyurethane foam produced using 8154 catalyst is about 15% lower than that of foam produced by traditional catalysts, and the rebound is 8%.
In addition, the low volatility of the 8154 catalyst significantly reduces VOCs emissions during the production process, complying with the requirements of the EU REACH regulations and the Chinese GB/T 35603-2017 standards. This not only helps protect the environment, but also enhances the social responsibility image of the company and enhances market competitiveness.
3. Application in elastomer production
Polyurethane elastomers have excellent wear resistance, tear resistance and oil resistance, and are widely used in soles, conveyor belts, seals and other fields. During the production process of elastomers, the speed and degree of crosslinking reactions need to be precisely controlled to ensure the mechanical properties and service life of the product. Traditional catalysts often lead to excessive or insufficient crosslinking in elastomer production, affecting the performance and quality of the product.
8154 The delayed catalytic properties of the catalyst enable it to exhibit excellent performance in elastomer production. It can maintain low activity at the beginning of the reaction, ensuring that the crosslinking reaction is carried out at the appropriate temperature and time, and avoiding excessive or insufficient crosslinking. Experimental results show that the tensile strength of the polyurethane elastomer produced using 8154 catalyst is about 10% higher than that of the elastomer produced by traditional catalysts, and the elongation of break is increased by 15%.
In addition, the low toxicity of the 8154 catalyst makes it safer and more reliable in elastomer production, and meets international safety requirements for food contact materials. This is particularly important for polyurethane elastomers used in food processing equipment and medical devices.
4. Application in the production of coatings and adhesives
Polyurethane coatings and adhesives are widely used in construction, automobiles, electronics and other fields due to their excellent adhesion, weather resistance and chemical resistance. Traditional catalysts often cause too fast curing in coatings and adhesives production, affectingConstruction time and coating quality. In addition, the high volatility of traditional catalysts will also lead to large emissions of VOCs, which does not meet modern environmental protection requirements.
8154 The delayed catalytic properties of the catalyst enable it to exhibit excellent performance in coating and adhesive production. It maintains low activity at the beginning of the reaction, ensuring that the coating has sufficient open time during construction, making it easier for operators to apply and trim. As the reaction temperature increases, the 8154 catalyst gradually releases the active ingredients, accelerates the curing reaction, and imparts good mechanical properties and durability to the coating.
Experimental data show that the drying time of polyurethane coatings produced using 8154 catalyst is approximately 30% longer than that of paints produced by traditional catalysts, and the hardness and adhesion of the coating are increased by 12% and 15% respectively. In addition, the low volatility of the 8154 catalyst significantly reduces VOCs emissions during the production process, complying with the requirements of the US ASTM D2369-16 standard and the Chinese GB/T 23986-2009 standard.
Comparison of properties of 8154 catalysts and traditional catalysts
In order to more intuitively demonstrate the advantages of 8154 catalyst in environmentally friendly polyurethane production processes, this paper compares the performance of 8154 catalyst with common traditional catalysts such as DBTL and T9. The following are the comparison results based on multiple experimental data and literature.
1. Catalytic efficiency
| Catalytic Type | Catalytic efficiency (measured by reaction time) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| DBTL | 10-15 minutes | Fast reaction speed can easily lead to premature gelation |
| T9 | 12-18 minutes | The reaction speed is moderate, but there is still a risk of gelation |
| 8154 | 20-30 minutes | Delayed catalysis, controllable reaction time |
It can be seen from the table that the catalytic efficiency of the 8154 catalyst is relatively low, but this is the embodiment of its delayed catalytic characteristics. The 8154 catalyst can maintain low activity at the beginning of the reaction, avoid premature gelation, thereby extending the reaction time and ensuring that the product has uniform density and good physical properties. In contrast, DBTL and T9 catalysts have higher catalytic efficiency, but in some application scenarios, it may lead to out-of-control reactions and affect product quality.
2. Environmental protection
| Catalytic Type | VOCs emissions (g/L) | Heavy metal content (ppm) | Biodegradability | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DBTL | >100 | 50-100 | Poor | Contains heavy metals, which are harmful to the environment |
| T9 | >80 | 30-50 | Poor | Contains heavy metals, which are harmful to the environment |
| 8154 | <50 | 0 | Better | No heavy metals, low VOCs emissions |
From the environmental perspective, the 8154 catalyst has obvious advantages. Its VOCs emissions are much lower than those of DBTL and T9 catalysts, and meet modern environmental standards. In addition, the 8154 catalyst does not contain heavy metals, has good biodegradability, and will not cause long-term pollution to water and soil. In contrast, DBTL and T9 catalysts contain a certain amount of heavy metals, which are prone to release harmful substances during production, posing a potential threat to the environment and human health.
3. Cost-effective
| Catalytic Type | Additional amount (wt%) | Production cost (yuan/ton) | Scrap rate (%) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DBTL | 0.5-1.0 | 1200-1500 | 5-8 | Fast reaction speed, high waste rate |
| T9 | 0.8-1.2 | 1300-1600 | 4-7 | The reaction rate is moderate, the waste rate is moderate |
| 8154 | 0.3-0.6 | 1100-1400 | 2-4 | Reaction time is controllable, waste rate is low |
From the cost-effective point of view, the 8154 catalyst is added at a low level, the production cost is relatively low, and the waste rate is low, which can effectively reduce production costs. In addition, the delayed catalytic characteristics of the 8154 catalyst make the production process more controllable, reduce the generation of waste and further improve economic benefits. In contrast, the amount of DBTL and T9 catalysts added is larger, the production cost is higher, and the waste rate is higher, which increases the production cost.
Conclusion and Outlook
To sum up, the application of polyurethane delay catalyst 8154 in environmentally friendly production processes has shown significant advantages. Its unique delayed catalytic characteristics make the production process more controllable, avoid premature gelation, and ensure product uniformity and excellent physical properties. At the same time, the low toxicity and low volatility of 8154 catalyst meet modern environmental protection requirements and significantly reduces the negative impact on the environment. By comparing the performance of traditional catalysts, 8154 catalyst has performed outstandingly in terms of catalytic efficiency, environmental protection and cost-effectiveness, and has broad application prospects.
In the future, with the increasing strictness of environmental protection regulations and technological advancement, 8154 catalyst is expected to be widely used in more polyurethane production fields. Researchers can further optimize the molecular structure and preparation process of the catalyst to improve its catalytic performance and environmental protection. In addition, the development of new environmentally friendly catalysts is also an important research direction in the future, aiming to provide a greener approach to the polyurethane industry.�Efficient solution.