Pu catalyst – Page 90

About the application and function of stearyl methacrylate

It is understood that stearyl methacrylate is a white waxy solid with a melting point of 21.4°C. It is produced by melt esterification method using methacrylic acid and stearyl alcohol as raw materials, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid as catalyst and hydroquinone as polymerization inhibitor.

Stearyl methacrylate is widely used, specifically as follows:

1. Surface treatment agent:

A Octearyl acrylate can be used as a surface treatment agent with excellent wettability and dispersion, and is widely used in cosmetics, coatings, inks, dyes and other industries. It can improve the coating performance and color uniformity of the product, and improve the gloss and anti-pollution performance of the product.

2. Polymer materials:

Stedeyl methacrylate can be polymerized with other monomers to obtain polymer materials. These polymer materials have good heat resistance and weather resistance and are widely used in plastics, rubber, textiles and other fields. Polystearylene methacrylate can be used to prepare brush bristles with good softness and durability.

3. Oilfield additives:

Stedeyl methacrylate can be used as an oilfield additive and has excellent viscosity reducing and viscosity increasing effects. It can increase the viscosity of oil well water, reduce fluid permeability, and improve oil recovery effects. Octearyl methacrylate can also be used to adjust drilling fluids and cement slurries to improve drilling and cementing processes.

4. Others:

Octearyl methacrylate also has some applications in other fields, such as coating additives, ink diluents, chemical intermediates, etc. It has special chemical properties and physical properties in these fields and can play a unique role.

amine catalyst Dabco 8154 – BDMAEE

2-ethylhexanoic-acid-potassium-CAS-3164-85-0-Dabco-K-15.pdf (bdmaee.net)

Dabco BL-11 catalyst CAS3033-62-3 Evonik Germany – BDMAEE

Polycat 9 catalyst CAS33329-35-6 Evonik Germany.pdf – BDMAEE

Dabco NE300 catalyst CAS10861-07-1 Evonik Germany.pdf (bdmaee.net)

Dabco 1027 Catalyst CAS100515-55-5 Evonik Germany – BDMAEE

Fomrez UL-28 Catalyst Dimethyltin Dioctadecanoate Momentive – BDMAEE

Polycat 77 catalyst CAS3855-32-1 Evonik Germany.pdf (bdmaee.net)

Polycat 41 catalyst CAS10294-43-5 Evonik Germany – BDMAEE

Polycat DBU catalyst CAS6674-22-2 Evonik Germany – BDMAEE

Qingdao Energy Institute realizes the “one-pot” reductive hydroformylation reaction of olefins to directly synthesize linear alcohols

As an important class of chemical products, linear alcohols play an important role in the fields of food, pharmaceutical chemicals, cosmetics, surfactants, plasticizers and lubricants. The traditional synthesis method is to undergo a hydroformylation reaction of olefins to produce aldehydes, and then undergo a reduction reaction to produce alcohols with one more carbon. One-step reductive hydroformylation of olefins is an ideal way to synthesize linear high-carbon alcohols, which simplifies the operation process and reduces energy consumption and waste emissions. However, the catalysts that have been developed focus on homogeneous precious metal catalyst systems. The reaction activity and linear alcohol selectivity are not ideal, and the separation and recycling of the catalyst are difficult.

Recently, a low-carbon catalytic conversion research group led by Yang Yong, a researcher at the Catalytic Polymerization and Engineering Research Center of the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Processes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, designed and synthesized a phosphine-containing organic polymer-based triphosphate with a clear structure. The core Ru site heterogeneous catalyst developed a second-order programmed temperature control strategy and realized the “one-pot” reductive hydroformylation reaction of olefins to directly synthesize linear alcohols. This catalyst shows reactivity, chemical and regional selectivity comparable to that of homogeneous catalysts. It is suitable for C3-C12 different carbon chain olefins, cyclic olefins and aromatic olefins. It has good stability and is easy to separate and recycle. The advantage of this strategy is that the low-temperature hydroformylation reaction in the first stage can effectively reduce the occurrence of olefin isomerization and hydrogenation side reactions during the reaction process, maximize the conversion of olefins into linear aldehydes, and provide a high-efficiency and high-efficiency second stage. The selective hydrogenation reaction provides guarantee for the preparation of linear alcohols. Under optimal reaction conditions, the conversion rate of 1-hexene in the model reaction is nearly 100%, the selectivity of heptanol reaches 95%, and the ratio of linear/branched alcohols reaches 30. This result is of great significance for the development of catalysts and processes from olefins to linear higher carbon alcohols.

Based on the phosphine-containing organic polymer-based trinuclear Ru site heterogeneous catalyst olefin “one-pot method” “Direct preparation of linear alcohols by reductive hydroformylation

As we all know, in January 2020, the country issued an upgraded version of the “Plastic Ban Order”, requiring that the production of some plastic products be banned and restricted starting in 2025. , sale and use. However, in the past two years, as public opinion about the “plastic ban” has declined, the domestic market has rebounded from traditional plastic product consumption habits, and the promotion of degradable products has weakened. In response to this phenomenon, Zheng Yueming suggested strengthening the implementation and supervision of the “plastic ban order” and prohibiting traditional plastics from entering the end consumption areas where plastic bans are prohibited. We will consolidate the territorial responsibilities of local governments and use the effectiveness of the “plastic ban” as an evaluation indicator for selecting civilized cities, hygienic cities, and tourist cities. Further improve the degradable product standard system, strengthen product quality testing certification and labeling management, and promote the healthy development of the market.

Low odor polyurethane catalysts

Polyurethane is a versatile material used in a wide range of applications, including foams, coatings, adhesives, and sealants. However, the production of polyurethane often involves the use of catalysts that can produce unpleasant odors, which can be a problem in certain applications. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing low odor polyurethane catalysts that can address this issue. In this article, we will discuss the importance of low odor polyurethane catalysts and some of the recent developments in this field.

Importance of Low Odor Polyurethane Catalysts: The odor produced by traditional polyurethane catalysts can be a significant problem in certain applications, particularly in indoor environments. For example, the use of traditional polyurethane foams in furniture and mattresses can produce an unpleasant odor that can be bothersome to some people. Similarly, the use of traditional polyurethane coatings in buildings can produce an odor that can be a problem for occupants. In addition to being unpleasant, these odors can also be a health concern for some people, particularly those with respiratory issues.

Recent Developments in Low Odor Polyurethane Catalysts: In recent years, there have been several developments in the field of low odor polyurethane catalysts. One approach is to use catalysts that are inherently low odor, such as organometallic compounds and amine catalysts with low volatility. For example, tin-based catalysts such as dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) and dibutyltin diacetate (DBTDA) have been used as low odor catalysts in the production of polyurethane foams.

Another approach is to modify traditional catalysts to reduce their odor. For example, amine catalysts can be modified with odor-masking agents or encapsulated in microcapsules to reduce their odor. In addition, new catalysts can be developed using computational methods to identify compounds with low odor potential.

Applications of Low Odor Polyurethane Catalysts: Low odor polyurethane catalysts have a wide range of applications in various industries. In the furniture and mattress industry, low odor polyurethane foams can be used to produce products that are more comfortable and less bothersome to consumers. In the construction industry, low odor polyurethane coatings can be used to produce buildings that are more comfortable and healthier for occupants. In addition, low odor polyurethane adhesives and sealants can be used in a variety of applications, including automotive and aerospace.

Challenges and Future Directions: Despite the recent developments in low odor polyurethane catalysts, there are still challenges that need to be addressed. For example, some low odor catalysts may have lower activity or selectivity than traditional catalysts, which can affect the properties of the final product. In addition, the cost of low odor catalysts may be higher than traditional catalysts, which can be a barrier to their widespread adoption.

To address these challenges, future research in the field of low odor polyurethane catalysts should focus on developing new catalysts with improved activity and selectivity, as well as reducing the cost of production. In addition, there is a need for more comprehensive studies on the health effects of low odor catalysts to ensure their safety for consumers and workers.

In conclusion, low odor polyurethane catalysts are an important development in the field of polyurethane production. They have the potential to address the issue of unpleasant odors in certain applications, while also improving the comfort and health of consumers and workers. While there are still challenges to be addressed, recent developments in this field offer promising solutions for the future.

https://www.bdmaee.net/teda-a20-polyurethane-tertiary-amine-catalyst-tosoh/

https://www.bdmaee.net/teda-l25b-polyurethane-tertiary-amine-catalyst-tosoh/

https://www.bdmaee.net/toyocat-daem-catalyst-tosoh/

https://www.bdmaee.net/toyocat-dmch-hard-bubble-catalyst-for-tertiary-amine-tosoh/

https://www.bdmaee.net/toyocat-dmi-gel-catalyst-tosoh/

https://www.bdmaee.net/toyocat-dt-strong-foaming-catalyst-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine-tosoh/

https://www.bdmaee.net/toyocat-et-catalyst-tosoh/https://www.bdmaee.net/toyocat-ets-foaming-catalyst-tosoh/

https://www.bdmaee.net/toyocat-mr-gel-balanced-catalyst-tetramethylhexamethylenediamine-tosoh/

https://www.bdmaee.net/toyocat-np-catalyst-tosoh/

https://www.bdmaee.net/toyocat-pma-tertiary-amine-catalyst-tosoh/

The importance of understanding the principles behind catalysts and their practical applications in a variety of fields

Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. They play a crucial role in many chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Understanding the principles behind catalysts and their practical applications in various fields is important for several reasons.

Improved Efficiency and Productivity: Catalysts can significantly increase the efficiency and productivity of chemical reactions. By lowering the activation energy, catalysts allow reactions to occur at lower temperatures and pressures, reducing energy consumption and costs. In addition, catalysts can increase the yield and selectivity of a reaction, leading to higher productivity and reduced waste.

Environmental Sustainability: Catalysts can also play an important role in promoting environmental sustainability. By enabling reactions to occur under milder conditions, catalysts can reduce the amount of energy and resources required for chemical processes. In addition, catalysts can be used to convert pollutants into less harmful substances, reducing the environmental impact of industrial processes.

Development of New Technologies: Understanding the principles behind catalysts is essential for the development of new technologies. For example, the development of fuel cells and other alternative energy technologies relies heavily on the use of catalysts to facilitate chemical reactions. In addition, the development of new pharmaceuticals and materials often requires the use of catalysts to synthesize complex molecules.

Advancements in Scientific Research: Catalysts are also important tools for scientific research. By enabling reactions to occur under controlled conditions, catalysts allow researchers to study the mechanisms of chemical reactions and gain insights into the fundamental principles of chemistry. In addition, catalysts can be used to synthesize new compounds for research purposes, leading to advancements in various fields, including medicine, materials science, and biology.

Economic Benefits: The use of catalysts can also have significant economic benefits. By increasing the efficiency and productivity of chemical processes, catalysts can reduce production costs and increase profitability. In addition, the development of new catalyst technologies can create new industries and job opportunities, contributing to economic growth.

In conclusion, understanding the principles behind catalysts and their practical applications in various fields is important for several reasons, including improved efficiency and productivity, environmental sustainability, development of new technologies, advancements in scientific research, and economic benefits. The study of catalysts is a multidisciplinary field that involves chemistry, materials science, chemical engineering, and biology, and has led to many important discoveries and innovations. As our understanding of catalysts continues to grow, so too will their potential applications and impact on society.

https://www.bdmaee.net/jeffcat-zf-10/

https://www.bdmaee.net/tag/amine-catalyst-dabco-8154/

https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2-ethylhexanoic-acid-potassium-CAS-3164-85-0-Dabco-K-15.pdf

https://www.bdmaee.net/dabco-bl-11-catalyst-cas3033-62-3-evonik-germany/

https://www.bdmaee.net/polycat-9-catalyst-cas33329-35-6-evonik-germany-pdf/

https://www.bdmaee.net/pdf/Dabco%20NE300%20catalyst%20CAS10861-07-1%20Evonik%20Germany.pdf

https://www.bdmaee.net/dabco-1027-catalyst-cas100515-55-5-evonik-germany/

https://www.bdmaee.net/fomrez-ul-28-catalyst-dimethyltin-dioctadecanoate-momentive-2/

https://www.bdmaee.net/pdf/Polycat%2077%20catalyst%20CAS3855-32-1%20Evonik%20Germany.pdf

https://www.bdmaee.net/polycat-41-catalyst-cas10294-43-5-evonik-germany/

Anionic waterborne polyurethane neutralizing salt forming agent

Anionic waterborne polyurethane neutralizing salt forming agent
Chinese name: triethylamine
English name: Triethylamine
Molecular formula: C6H15N
Molecular Weight: 101.19
CAS number: 121-44-8
Physical and chemical properties
Triethylamine appears as a colorless to light yellow transparent liquid with a strong ammonia odor and emits slight smoke in the air.
Relative density: 0.73 (25 ℃)
Vapour pressure: 7.12kPa
Flash point: -4 ° C
Boiling point: 89 ℃
Product application
Triethylamine is a balanced tertiary amine catalyst for polyurethane, which tends to foam. It can be used in conjunction with TEDA as a catalyst for molding semi hard foam formulations, with the function of forming the skin. It has a wide range of sources, but the disadvantage is its strong odor.
In the polyurethane industry, triethylamine can be used not only as an auxiliary catalyst for polyurethane foam, but also as a neutralization salt forming agent for anionic waterborne polyurethane systems.
supplier
Xindian Chemical Materials (Shanghai) Co., Ltd

Our company also supplies the following polyurethane catalysts:
Dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA): Polyurethane rigid foam catalyst

N. N-Dimethylbenzylamine (BDMA): In the polyurethane industry, it is a catalyst for polyester type polyurethane block soft foam, polyurethane hard foam, and adhesive coatings, mainly used for hard foam

Triethylenediamine (TEDA): a highly efficient catalyst for polyurethane, used in soft foams

Bis (dimethylaminoethyl) ether: a highly catalytic polyurethane catalyst, commonly used in polyurethane soft foam

N. N-Dimethylethanolamine: Polyurethane Reactive Catalyst

PMDETA: polyurethane gel foaming catalyst, widely used in polyurethane rigid foam

2,4,6-tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol (DMP-30): Polyurethane trimerization catalyst, can also be used as an epoxy promoter

DMDEE: Polyurethane Strong Foaming Catalyst

Dimethylaminoethoxyethanol (DMAEE): low odor reactive catalyst for rigid packaging foam

Dibutyltin dilaurate (T-12): polyurethane strong gel catalyst

Tri (dimethylaminopropyl) hexahydrotriazine (PC-41): a highly active trimeric co catalyst with excellent foaming ability

Tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED): moderately active foaming catalyst, foaming/gel balanced catalyst

Types of polyurethane adhesives for automobiles

Types of polyurethane adhesives for automobiles
China’s automobile industry is flourishing. In 2011 alone, the national automobile production reached 18.7 million vehicles, with a rapid growth rate of nearly 10% per year. The market for adhesives used in the automotive industry is very broad.
Automotive adhesives/sealants can be classified into five categories based on their application areas: automotive body adhesives, automotive interior adhesives, automotive engine chassis adhesives, automotive component adhesives, and automotive manufacturing process adhesives. In 2007, the annual consumption of automotive adhesive in China was about 120000 tons, of which the annual consumption of single component moisture cured polyurethane windshield adhesive was about 5500 tons. In addition, there are still water-based polyurethane adhesives for car roof linings that have not been counted yet. In recent years, the annual demand for polyurethane adhesives in China has increased at an average rate of 30%.

1. The advantages of PU adhesive for automobiles

(1) Good adhesion performance within -40~+100 ℃;

(2) Due to its good toughness, especially at low temperatures, it has excellent impact and vibration resistance, and a long service life;

(3) Due to the presence of a large number of polar and reactive groups, various substrates used in automobiles, such as glass, plastic, metal and other surface smooth materials, as well as various interior and exterior materials and fabrics, have excellent adhesive properties;

(4) By adjusting the formula of PU adhesive, different hardness and elongation adhesives can be made. The adhesive layer can be adjusted from flexible to rigid to meet the bonding needs of different materials;

(5) PU adhesive can be cured by heating or at room temperature, with a simple bonding process and good operational performance. There are no side reactions during the curing process, so the adhesive layer is less prone to defects.

(6) PU adhesive has good properties such as wear resistance, oil resistance, solvent resistance, chemical resistance, ozone resistance, and bacterial resistance.

The development of automotive industry technology requires the lightweight of automotive components, therefore a large number of plastic components are used, especially high-strength FRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic) and SMC (sheet molded composite material), which require the use of PU structural adhesive and sealant for bonding and assembly. With the continuous increase of modern car speed, the safety requirements for car windows and windshields have been raised. The direct bonding process for windshields has been adopted, and a large amount of single component moisture cured PU adhesive has been used. In order to improve the environmental performance of PU adhesive, water-based PU adhesive, solvent-free PU structural adhesive, and reactive PU hot melt adhesive have been developed.

2. Common varieties and applications of polyurethane adhesives for automobiles

(1) Single component moisture cured polyurethane adhesive

The process of directly bonding car windshields to the vehicle body began in the 1960s in the United States. The single component moisture cured PU adhesive was first developed by ESSEX Chemical Company in the early 1970s and successfully applied to General Motors in the United States. In 1976, Audi also applied it to the Audi C2 model. Subsequently, Japanese and other European car manufacturers successively adopted the direct bonding process of windshield. Due to its simple construction and the use of mechanical adhesive, over 95% of the world’s windshield and side window glass are currently bonded using this adhesive.

Single component moisture cured PU adhesive, due to the presence of active – NCO groups, can react with trace amounts of moisture on the adhered surface or in the air to solidify. Single component moisture cured PU windshield adhesive requires sensitivity to moisture, fast curing speed, excellent elasticity after curing, and single packaging with good storage stability. It is a product with high technological content in automotive adhesive, and it is also the most widely used type of PU adhesive in China’s automotive industry.

By using this glass bonding and sealing process, the windshield and vehicle body can be tightly integrated, increasing the rigidity and anti twisting ability of the vehicle body while ensuring the sealing effect. According to Article 212 of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) in the United States, when a car collides with a concrete wall at a speed of 50km/h, the adhesion integrity of the windshield must be above 75%. At present, the United States, Japan, Germany, France, and China almost all use this process in the installation of car windshields, and at the same time, adhesive methods are mostly used for the windshields and side windows of passenger cars.

Other application examples of single component PU adhesive: For example, the original design of FAW’s J5, J6 and other series trucks was a flat top steel plate top cover, which was changed to a high top to meet the needs of long-distance transportation with sleeper installation, and the top cover was changed to SMC material, using single component PU adhesive for bonding. In addition, the roofs of FAW’s Xiaohongqi sedan and FAW Volkswagen’s “Bora” sedan are both made of PU adhesive, which integrates the roof and cover. This not only enhances the strength of the roof, but also achieves the purpose of shock absorption and noise reduction.

Single component moisture cured PU adhesive is suitable for bonding porous surfaces. It is usually used in combination with glass activator, glass primer, and paint primer for non porous surfaces such as glass and metal. To ensure reliable adhesion performance between windshield and vehicle body, it is necessary to apply primer on the glass surface, which can improve the bonding strength of PU adhesive on the glass layer.

In order to improve the speed and quality of adhesive application, major automotive companies currently use robotic arms to automatically apply single component moisture cured PU adhesives. The automatic gluing system consists of a gluing pump, a measuring device, a robotic arm, a gluing gun, and a workbench. To ensure the stability of the adhesive application, a pressure plate and adhesive conveying pipeline with a heating system are usually used. When using an automatic glue application system, it is necessary to ensure that air is discharged every time the glue bucket is replaced, prevent bubbles, and ensure the cleanliness of the gun nozzle to ensure accurate glue application.

At present, single component PU adhesive has been localized and partially applied in the automotive industry. However, due to the need for glass activator, paint surface, and glass primer to ensure sufficient adhesive strength when using this single component PU adhesive, and the slow curing speed and cumbersome assembly process, there is a need to apply activator, primer, and instantaneous positioning windshield adhesive. If a heating coating device is equipped during the assembly of windshield glass, the slightly hot adhesive material immediately produces a high initial adhesive strength on the adhered surface, ensuring the positioning of the window glass and gradually achieving complete curing, thereby solving the slow curing speed of PU adhesive and the inconvenience of requiring fixtures for assembly.

The varieties of single component moisture cured PU windshield adhesive currently being applied and developed include:

① High modulus single component PU glass adhesive;

② High contact viscosity single component PU glass adhesive;

③ Pre coating single component PU adhesive and its process;

④ Silane modified PU adhesive sealant;

⑤ Low conductivity single component PU adhesive is used to prevent corrosion of aluminum body and adverse effects on antenna reception.

(2) WPU adhesive for automotive interior parts

WPU adhesive refers to the adhesive formed by dissolving or dispersing polyurethane in water, which has the advantages of non flammability, low odor, no environmental pollution, energy conservation, and convenient operation and processing. In the 1980s, it was first applied in leather finishing, fabric finishing, and coatings abroad, and it was not until the 1990s that it gradually gained application in the bonding of automotive interior components. The solid content of water-based PU adhesive can be adjusted according to user needs, and the viscosity can also be adjusted freely. It can be cured at room temperature or by heat. Nowadays, water-based PU adhesive has been used for the bonding of some automotive components, such as PVC artificial leather for car interiors, instrument panels, mudguards, door panels, floor felt, and roof lining. Another example is the soft roof with PVC film compounded with polyurethane foam or fabric compounded with polyurethane foam.

In order to accelerate the application process of WPU adhesive, FAW Changchun Fuao Johnson Control Automotive Decoration System Co., Ltd. has invested a huge amount of money to introduce a complete set of water-based polyurethane car roof lining adhesive and car roof manufacturing equipment and molds from Italy. It now has the ability to independently produce high-quality and environmentally friendly car roofs and the conditions to match luxury interior parts for the automotive industry.

Our company is the first in China to launch LP-7002A and LP-7002B water-based polyurethane adhesives, which have the characteristics of strong initial adhesion, fast drying speed, high bonding fastness, and strong water resistance. They respond to the requirements of reducing VOC emissions in passenger cars and promoting health and environmental protection both domestically and internationally. We are actively cooperating with major manufacturers to promote them.

In addition, foreign countries are now committed to research on reducing costs and improving performance of WPU adhesive. Leung Pak T Company and others in the United States have developed WPU adhesive suitable for hot forming lamination processes. Its adhesive strength and heat resistance are much higher than commonly used solvent based or other water-based adhesives. The outer PVC film products bonded with it can be used to manufacture automotive instrument panels, door panels, and other interior components. Japan has also addressed the issue of low initial adhesion of WPU adhesive by introducing epoxy resin into WPU adhesive, successfully developing products with good initial adhesion performance.

(3) Two component PU structural adhesive

Structural adhesive refers to an adhesive used for bonding load-bearing structural components, which can withstand large dynamic and static loads, and can be used for a long time. PU adhesives used for automotive structural components are generally solvent-free two-component PU adhesives.

Modern cars widely use plastic and polyurethane materials, and PU adhesive is one of the best adhesives for bonding plastic and polyurethane materials. In 1967, Goodyear was the first American company to successfully use two-component PU adhesive for the bonding of SMC engine covers on heavy-duty vehicles. Subsequently, General Motors and Ford Motor Company in the United States successively used PU adhesive to bond SMC components of large heavy-duty trucks, and then promoted the bonding of FRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic) components. At the same time, it has been successfully used for bonding components such as the roof, doors, water tank brackets, driver’s cab roof, and door panels on trucks. In 1977, the United States adopted a series of polyurethane adhesives for the bonding of car engine covers, driver’s cab covers, door panels and other components. Subsequently, countries such as Japan also adopted this type of technology.

(4) Reactive PU hot melt adhesive

Reactive PU hot melt adhesive is a type of adhesive that, under the condition of suppressing chemical reactions, is heated and melted into a fluid for easy application. After cooling, it solidifies and plays a bonding role. Then, with the help of moisture present in the air or on the surface of the adhesive, it reacts and expands chains to generate high cohesive polymer, further improving adhesion and heat resistance. This reactive PU hot melt adhesive is a thermoplastic resin adhesive containing reactive groups. Its main component is a terminal NCO prepolymer, which is made by adding non reactive thermoplastic resins and thickening resins with isocyanate groups, as well as antioxidants, catalysts, plasticizers, flame retardants, mold inhibitors, fillers, etc.

Reactive PU hot melt adhesive is mainly used in car roofs, instrument panels, trunk lids, side decorative strips, and headlights. In addition, it can also be used for door composite decoration, PP, ABS, polycarbonate car lampshade bonding and fixation, cargo box panel bonding, interior decoration bonding, etc. In recent years, there have been reports on the use of reactive PU hot melt adhesive for direct bonding of automotive windshields, but there is still much research work to be done to achieve the performance of single component moisture cured PU windshields.

(5) Polyurethane flocking adhesive

In recent years, China has established multiple electrostatic flocking production lines. Flocking adhesive is mainly used for flocking on various substrate surfaces in automobiles, such as EPDM, PVC, EPDM sealing strips, ABS, PC, PP, metal and other materials. Currently, there are many types of acrylic adhesive used in the market for electrostatic flocking, but the adhesion strength is poor. Generally, the dry and wet rubbing strength is around 2000-4000 times, while the dry/wet rubbing strength of polyurethane electrostatic flocking adhesive is generally above 10000 times. PU flocking adhesive can be divided into solvent type and solvent-free type, single component and two-component types.

Our company can provide a full range of LP-4001 and LP-4002 automotive sealing strip flocking adhesives, as well as LP-6518 and LP-6519 high solid and water content polyurethane electrostatic flocking adhesives, which have high bonding strength, excellent wear resistance, water resistance, solvent resistance, and independent intellectual property rights.

3. Conclusion

(1) A single component moisture cured PU windshield adhesive urgently needs to be developed to replace imported polyurethane windshield adhesives with fast curing speed, UV curability, and humidity insensitivity.

(2) The domestic automotive industry has not yet established performance standards and specialized testing methods for automotive adhesives/sealants, which not only affects the application process of automotive adhesives/sealants in the automotive industry, but also restricts the standardization and development of automotive adhesive research and production units, making it difficult to establish a complete quality assurance system.

(3) Due to the lack of strict environmental regulations for adhesives used in the automotive industry in China, coupled with cost considerations by automotive manufacturers, the development and application of environmentally friendly automotive adhesives have not received high attention, and solvent based adhesives with environmental pollution are still being used in the automotive industry.

(4) There are many universal automotive adhesive products that meet general usage requirements, while there are relatively few high-tech and high-performance products used for special needs. The independent innovation ability is weak, and the research and development ability needs to be further improved.

Transferred from Chinese adhesives and adhesive tapes
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N,N-Dicyclohexylmethylamine – Manufacturer of N,N-Dicyclohexylmethylamine and N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine – Shanghai Ohans Co., LTD

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DABCO EG/PC CAT TD 33EG/Niax A-533 – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

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Introduction to Polyurethane Classroom

Polyurethane, also known as polyurethane, is a general term for macromolecular compounds containing repeating amino ester groups on the main chain. It is formed by the addition of organic diisocyanates or polyisocyanates with dihydroxy or polyhydroxy compounds. In addition to carbamate, polyurethane macromolecules can also contain functional groups such as ether, ester, urea, biuret, and urea based formate. According to the different raw materials used, there can be products with different properties, generally divided into two categories: polyester type and polyether type. It can be used to manufacture plastic, rubber, fiber, rigid and soft foam plastics, adhesives and coatings. Polyurethane is an emerging organic polymer material, known as the “fifth largest plastic”. Due to its excellent performance, it is widely used in many fields such as construction, automotive, light industry, textile, petrochemical, metallurgy, electronics, national defense, medical, machinery, etc.
[Raw Materials]
TDI, MDI, AA and other products belong to polyurethane raw materials and cannot be called polyurethane products. Polyurethane raw materials mainly include isocyanates, polyester polyols (generated by the reaction of polyols and polyacids, commonly used polyacids include adipic acid, commonly used polyols include 1,2-butanediol, ethylene glycol, etc.), polyether polyols (commonly used PPG, POP, PTMEG, etc.), solvents (commonly used DMF, TOL, MEK, etc.), chain extenders (commonly used BDO), and various additives.
(Isocyanate is a general term for various esters of isocyanate. If classified by the number of – NCO groups, it includes monoisocyanates R-N=C=O and diisocyanates O=C=N-R-N=C=O, as well as polyisocyanates. Currently, the most widely used and produced are Toluene Diisocyanate, abbreviated as TDI, and Methylenediphenylmethane diisocyanate, abbreviated as MDI.)
[TDI]
Toluene diisocyanate, abbreviated as TDI, is mainly used in soft foam, coatings, elastomers, and adhesives. Among them, soft foam is the largest consumer sector, accounting for over 70%, and coatings account for over 15%. Soft polyurethane foam materials are widely used in the fields of furniture, construction and transportation. In addition, TDI can also be used to generate rigid polyurethane foam materials, adhesives, concrete sealants, nylon-6 crosslinkers, polyurethane coatings and polyurethane elastomer intermediates.
[MDI]
Diphenylmethane diisocyanate, abbreviated as MDI, can be divided into pure MDI, polymerized MDI, liquefied MDI, modified MDI, etc. Pure MDI is mainly used to generate slurries, shoe sole solutions, spandex, TPU, and polyurea spray coatings. Polymerized MDI is mainly used in the production of polyurethane rigid foam and CASE fields. Polyurethane hard foam is widely used in the insulation industry, such as refrigerators, freezers, solar water heaters, insulation pipes, etc. It can also be used to produce imitation wood furniture, PU panels, etc.
[Polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate]
Polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, abbreviated as PAPI, or crude MDI. PAPI is actually a mixture of 50% MDI and 50% polyisocyanates with a functional degree greater than 2. When heated up, it can generate agglomeration. Soluble in chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, toluene, etc. PAPI has low activity and low vapor pressure, only one percent of TDI, so its toxicity is very low. Used for manufacturing polyurethane adhesives, it can also be directly added to rubber adhesives to improve the bonding performance between rubber and nylon or polyester threads.
[Other isocyanates (HDI), etc.]
For example, 1,6-hexanediisocyanate (HDI), benzylidene diisocyanate (XDI), naphthalene-1,5-diisocyanate (NDI), etc., the latter two products are currently not widely used in the domestic market. HDI, due to its good yellow resistance, will replace TDI in the paint industry and be widely used. Currently, the use of HDI in some high-end automotive paints is quite common.
(Polyester polyols are usually formed by condensation of organic dicarboxylic acids with polyols or polymerization of lactone feather polyols. Dicarboxylic acids include benzoic acid or phthalic anhydride or its esters, adipic acid, halogenated phthalic acid, etc. Polyols include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolmethane, pentaerythritol, etc.)
[Adipic acid]
Abbreviated as AA, in nylon 66 salt, it is mainly used to produce adiponitrile and then produce adipic diamine, and synthesized with adipic diamine to produce polyamide 66 (nylon 66). Polyamide 66 can be used as engineering plastics and nylon fibers. The most important use of adipic acid in the field of polyurethane is to produce polyurethane elastomers, which are the main raw materials for PU resin and shoe sole original solution factories. React with dicarboxylic acid to produce polyester polyols, which are used to produce slurries or shoe soles with pure MDI and other solvents. In addition, it can also be used for adhesives, plasticizers, polyester polyols, TPU, etc.
[1,4-butanediol]
Abbreviated as BDO, it is mainly used in the production of tetrahydrofuran (THF), g-butyrolactone (GBL), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polyurethane. In the field of polyurethane, it can be used to produce slurries, shoe soles, TPU, spandex, etc. At present, there are four main industrial production process technologies for BDO worldwide: Reppe method, butadiene method, butane/maleic anhydride method, and epoxypropane/propylene alcohol method.
[Ethylene glycol (EG MEG), diethylene glycol (DEG), propylene glycol]
These products, like BDO, are mainly used as raw materials for polyester polyols in the spectrum industry, but compared to BDO, the proportion of these polyols used in the PU industry is very small.
(Polyether polyols, collectively known as PPG, are important derivatives of epoxy propane and one of the main raw materials for synthesizing polyurethane. Due to the different types of initiators, the produced polyethers can be divided into soft foam polyethers, hard foam polyethers, and elastic polyethers. The biggest use of polyether polyols is to produce polyurethane plastics, followed by surfactants such as soft foam stabilizers, defoamers for papermaking industry, crude oil demulsifiers, acid treatment wetting agents for oil wells, and high-efficiency low foam detergents. They are also used as lubricants, hydraulic fluids, heat exchange fluids, quenching agents, latex foaming agents, various cutting and stretching agent components, and special solvents.)
[Polytetramethylene ether glycol]
PTMEG, abbreviated as PTMEG, is a polymer of polyhydrofuran. Mainly used for producing polyurethane elastic fibers (i.e. spandex), polyurethane elastomers, synthetic leather, coating additives, adhesives, sealants, and polyamides.
(Additives)
[DMF]
The full name is dimethylamide, which is not only a widely used chemical raw material, but also an excellent solvent with a wide range of uses. DMF is mainly used for the synthesis of leather resins and the production and processing of PU leather, accounting for more than 90% of the total. It can also be used in other industries such as medicine, acrylic, pesticides, dyes, electronics, etc.
(Other)
[Epoxy propane PO]
It is the third largest propylene derivative besides polypropylene and acrylonitrile, and is an important basic organic chemical synthesis raw material mainly used for the production of polyethers, propylene glycol, etc. It is also the main raw material for fourth generation detergents, non-ionic surfactants, oilfield demulsifiers, pesticide emulsifiers, etc. The derivatives of epoxy propane are widely used in industries such as automobiles, construction, food, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Nearly a hundred downstream products have been produced, making them important raw materials for fine chemical products.
[Tetrahydrofuran THF]
It is a type of heterocyclic organic compound and one of the strongest polar ethers. It is used as a medium polarity solvent in chemical reactions and extraction, and is an important raw material for the production of polytetramethylene ether glycol PTMEG. It is also the main solvent in the pharmaceutical industry.
[A component material]
It refers to a composite material composed of a combination of polyols (polyethers or polyesters) and foaming agents, commonly known as white material, which is one of the main raw materials for forming polyurethane rigid foam.
[B component material]
It refers to raw materials mainly composed of isocyanates, commonly known as black materials, and is also one of the main raw materials for forming polyurethane rigid foam.

[Craft]
{Phosgene]
Phosgene is an important organic intermediate with many applications in pesticides, engineering plastics, polyurethane materials, and military applications. Isocyanate products produced from phosgene, such as TDI, MDI, and PAPI, are important raw materials for polyurethane hard foam, soft foam, elastomers, and synthetic leather; Some varieties of isocyanates are widely used in polyurethane coatings, while there are also special varieties used in adhesives, such as Lekner adhesive.
[Decomposition method]
The decomposition method is to decompose the residue of isocyanates with caustic soda to form corresponding aromatic amine compounds, and then distill and recover the amine compounds. Alternatively, the decomposition solution can be directly used as a crosslinking agent for polyurethane elastomers, waterproof materials, paving materials, etc. Alternatively, the alkaline solution can be further oxidized to propylene, and then polymerized to produce the corresponding aromatic amine propylene oxide polyether alcohol, which is used as the raw material for hard foam.
[Solution method]
It is a method to dissolve isocyanate residue in organic solvent to form an organic solvent containing NCO group, and then use it as coating, adhesive and foam plastic.
[Alcoholic hydrolysis]
It refers to the method of heating and decomposing polyurethane foam with alcohol compounds as decomposing agents to recover polyether polyols.
[Cracking method]
It refers to the method of recovering polyether and aromatic diamine with caustic soda as decomposition agent of waste polyurethane foam.
[One step foaming method]
It is a method that all raw materials are mixed at the same time and directly injected into the mold, and then solidified at a certain temperature to form foam plastics.
[Complete prepolymerization method]
It is the reaction of all polyester or polyether with isocyanate to form prepolymer, which will react with water under the action of catalyst to form foam plastic products.
[Semi prepolymer method]
It refers to the foamed plastic obtained by first reacting the excess isocyanate with polyester or polyether, and the content of free isocyanate in the obtained prepolymer ranges from 20% to 35%. When foaming, the prepolymer is mixed with polyester or polyether, foaming agent, foam stabilizer, catalyst, etc.
[Mechanical pouring foam]
It refers to using a foaming machine instead of manual operation to mix raw materials in proportion and inject them into the mold or cavity.
[Spray foaming molding]
It refers to the molding method of spraying the raw materials of hard disk polyurethane foam directly onto the surface of the object and foaming on this surface.
[Self skinning foam plastic]
Also known as whole skin molded foam plastic, it refers to the foam plastic products that use a special process to form a solid skin of PU components at one time.

[Application]
[Polyurethane soft foam]
Soft polyurethane foam, referred to as polyurethane soft foam for short, is a flexible polyurethane foam with certain elasticity. It is a polyurethane product with the largest amount of polyurethane products, mainly used as furniture cushion, mattress, vehicle seat cushion and other cushion materials. In industry and civil use, soft foam is also used as filter material, sound insulation material, shock proof material, decoration material, packaging material and thermal insulation material. According to the degree of softness and hardness, that is, the load resistance performance, polyurethane soft foam can be divided into ordinary soft foam, ultra soft foam, high load-bearing soft foam, high rebound soft foam, etc.
[Polyurethane rigid foam]
Rigid polyurethane foam, referred to as rigid polyurethane foam for short, is a rigid foam material with waterproof box, thermal insulation and other functions formed by the mixing reaction of component A and component B. Polyurethane rigid foam is mostly a closed cell structure, with excellent characteristics such as good insulation effect, light weight, high specific strength, and convenient construction. At the same time, it also has characteristics such as sound insulation, shock resistance, electrical insulation, heat resistance, cold resistance, and solvent resistance. It is widely used as insulation materials for refrigerators, freezers, refrigerated vehicles, buildings, storage tanks, and pipelines, and a small amount is used in non insulation situations such as imitation wood and packaging materials.
[Polyurethane semi-rigid polyurethane foam]
The physical and mechanical properties of polyurethane semi-rigid foam plastic are between soft and hard foam, so it can also be called “semi soft” foam plastic, which is used to prepare functional parts such as steering wheel, armrest, bumper and interior trim.
[Imitation wood]
High density (300-700kg/m3) polyurethane rigid foam or glass fiber reinforced rigid foam is a kind of structural PU foam, also known as wood imitation. It has the characteristics of high strength, good toughness, dense and tough crust, simple molding process, high production efficiency, etc. Its strength can be higher than that of natural wood, and its density can be lower than that of natural wood. It can replace wood imitation as a high-grade product.
[Polyurethane Elastomers]
(1) Cast polyurethane elastomer (referred to as CPU)
It is a type of polyurethane elastomer that is poured and reacted by liquid resin through pouring technology. It is the most widely used and largest product of polyurethane elastomers.
(2) Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU)
It is a linear block copolymer composed of low polymer polyol soft segments and diisocyanate chain extender hard segments, which can be classified into polyester and polyether types, accounting for about 25% of the total amount of polyurethane elastomers.
(3) Mixed polyurethane elastomer (MPU)
It first synthesizes and stores stable solid rubber, and then processes it through a mixing machine to produce a thermosetting network molecular structure polyurethane elastomer, which accounts for about 10% of the total amount of polyurethane elastomers.
According to their different properties, polyurethane elastomers are widely used in sieve plates and shakers in the mining industry; Rubber rollers, tapes, and seals in the mechanical industry; Tires, sealing ring transmission belts, and shock absorber springs in the automotive industry; Components such as soles, heels, and insoles in the footwear industry; Medical materials such as tracheal cannula, prosthetics, and skull defect repair.
(4) Microporous elastomer
The most typical application is the sole stock solution for shoe making, which is actually a mixture of foam and elastomer. Generally speaking, polyurethane sole stock solution is a two-component (or three-component), and component A is a mixture of hydroxyl terminated polyester polyol, water, silicone oil, and possibly a binary alcohol chain extender; Component B is a pre aggregate with NCO at the end, while component C is a catalyst. Polyurethane soles have many advantages, such as low density, soft texture, comfortable and lightweight wearing, good dimensional stability, long storage life, excellent wear resistance, flexural resistance, excellent shock absorption, anti slip performance, good temperature resistance, good chemical resistance, etc. They are often used to manufacture high-end leather shoes, sports shoes, travel shoes, etc.
[Polyurethane slurry]
Divided into wet and dry methods, it is a polymer solution system with a transparent or slightly cloudy appearance, used as a coating to prepare polyurethane synthetic leather and artificial leather. During the application process of dry polyurethane slurry, the solvent in the slurry is evaporated by heating and evaporation. Most of the solvents are toluene and butanone, and the evaporated solvent cannot be recovered, which not only pollutes the environment but also causes unnecessary waste. Wet polyurethane slurry, due to the use of DMF extracted with water during the processing, is relatively environmentally friendly. Moreover, the synthetic leather produced has good moisture permeability and breathability, with a soft, plump, and lightweight feel, and is more rich in the style and appearance of natural leather. Therefore, its development speed is extremely astonishing.
{Synthetic leather]
A plastic product that simulates the composition and structure of natural leather and can be used as a substitute material, usually made of impregnated non-woven fabric as a mesh layer and microporous polyurethane layer as a grain surface layer. Its front and back sides are very similar to leather and have a certain degree of breathability, which is closer to natural leather than ordinary synthetic leather. Generally, synthetic leather refers to polyurethane synthetic leather.
Polyurethane coating
It refers to coatings with polyurethane resin as the main film material, divided into two-component polyurethane coatings and single component polyurethane coatings. The application fields of polyurethane coatings mainly include: vehicle coating, ship, wood, building coating, anti-corrosion coating, surface coating of aircraft, plastics, rubber, leather, etc. Among them, water-based polyurethane coatings mainly use water as the main medium, with low VOC content, low or no environmental pollution, and construction characteristics, and are one of the main substitutes for solvent based coatings.
Coatings with polyurethane resin as the main membrane material are divided into five categories based on their composition and film-forming mechanism: polyurethane modified oil coatings, moisture cured polyurethane coatings, closed polyurethane coatings, catalytic cured polyurethane coatings, and hydroxyl cured polyurethane coatings.
[Polyurethane adhesive]
It refers to adhesives that contain amino ester groups or isocyanate groups in their molecular chains. Polyurethane adhesives are divided into two categories: polyisocyanates and polyurethane. The polyisocyanate molecular chain contains isocyano and carbamate groups, so the polyurethane adhesive shows high activity and polarity, and has excellent chemical adhesion with the substrate containing active hydrogen, such as foam, plastic, wood, leather, fabric, paper, ceramics and other porous materials, as well as metal, glass, rubber, plastic and other materials with smooth surfaces.
Polyurethane adhesive is an important component of the rapidly developing polyurethane resin, which has excellent properties and has been widely used in many aspects. It is one of the important varieties in the synthesis of adhesives.
(1) Polyisocyanate adhesive
Polyisocyanate adhesive is an adhesive composed of polyisocyanate monomers or their low molecular weight derivatives. It is a reactive adhesive with good bonding ability and is particularly suitable for bonding metals to rubber, fibers, etc. There are three common types: triphenylmethane 4,4,4-diisocyanate adhesive (TTI), tris (4-isocyanate phenyl ester) hexaphosphate adhesive (TPTI), and tetraisocyanate adhesive.
(2) Universal polyurethane adhesive
Universal PU adhesive is the earliest synthesized PU solvent adhesive in China, with the representative product being PU 101 adhesive. Generally, hydroxyl terminated PU resin is prepared by reacting polyethylene adipate and TDI, which is dissolved in organic solvents as the main component; Using a solution of ethyl acetate obtained from the addition of trimethylolpropane and TDI as the curing agent; The proportion of curing agent can be mixed from multiple to at least one, which can effectively bond different materials such as metals, plastics, fabrics, etc. Especially in the composite of polyester film and porous materials in electrical insulation materials, and the composite of packaging and decorative materials.
(3) Polyurethane adhesive for food packaging
This type of polyurethane adhesive is generally two-component, with components A and B similar to the general type. But there are some special requirements for adhesives, such as heat resistance, cold resistance, oil resistance, acid resistance, drug resistance, gas resistance, transparency, and other properties. Especially for solvent based polyurethane composite film adhesives, water-based polyurethane composite film adhesives, and solvent-free polyurethane composite film adhesives that require resistance to boiling or steaming with minimal changes in peel strength.
(4) Polyurethane adhesive for shoes
This type of adhesive is a solvent based PU resin or a modified PU resin used in combination with a curing agent. This type of adhesive requires high initial adhesion, a soft adhesive layer, good solvent resistance, and can adapt to various materials such as PU, PVC, EVA, rubber, etc. There are solvent based polyurethane shoe adhesives, adhesive based TPU solid resin adhesives, and water-based polyurethane shoe adhesives.
(5) Polyurethane hot melt adhesive
Polyurethane hot melt adhesive is made from linear or slightly branched TPU resin with relevant additives. At room temperature, it is a solid material that is heated, melted, and coated during use. After being pressed and cooled, it can be bonded within seconds to minutes; Processed into powder, strip, film and other shapes, it is easy to store, transport, and use. It is coated with glue in conjunction with specialized hot melt machines and tools, with less waste and can be recycled and reused. It is commonly used in the fields of fabric composite, book binding, packaging, decorative parts, furniture manufacturing, etc., especially suitable for high-speed production lines.
(6) Reactive polyurethane hot melt adhesive
Reactive PU hot melt adhesive, also known as wet cured PUR hot melt adhesive, is a type of PU hot melt adhesive with superior performance. After hot melt bonding, the end NCO group in the adhesive can further react and solidify in the environment or on the surface of the substrate with wet vapor and active hydrogen. Its adhesive strength, temperature resistance, moisture resistance, medium resistance, creep resistance, and other properties are further improved, making it more suitable for high demand assembly lines.
(7) Polyurethane sealant
Polyurethane sealant has excellent performance, good elasticity, flexibility, and compensation for displacement. Its price is moderate, and its adhesive strength and cohesive strength are generally higher than those of organic silicon and polysulfide sealants. In recent years, it has developed rapidly and has been widely used in sealing and bonding of buildings, automobiles, ships, container containers, civil engineering, electronics, infrastructure, etc. This type of sealant mainly includes: single component moisture cured PU sealant box two-component PU sealant.
(8) Polyurethane pressure-sensitive adhesive
This type of adhesive is single component and does not use solvents during the preparation process, avoiding solvent contamination and recovery issues. This type of adhesive has excellent adhesion, retention, stability, and heat resistance, and can also be used for underwater bonding.
[Polyurethane fiber Spandex]
Polyurethane fiber is a synthetic fiber in which more than 85% of the chemical structure is formed by linear polymer substances in the polyurethane formic acid chain segment. It belongs to high elasticity fibers and is collectively referred to as Spandex internationally, while in China it is called spandex. Spandex has been widely used in textiles and is a new type of high value-added textile material. There are four main forms of use: bare silk, core-spun yarn, covered yarn, and twisted yarn, such as stockings, swimwear, dance clothes, silk covered silk, clothing, etc. In traditional textiles, less than 5% of spandex can be added to significantly improve the grade of traditional fabrics, displaying a soft, comfortable, beautiful, and elegant style.
[Polyurethane paving material]
There are many types of polyurethane paving materials, including paving materials, waterproof materials, and grouting materials. Among them, paving materials are used for laying sports fields and floors, waterproof materials are used for waterproofing and insulation of building roofs, and grouting materials are used for water blocking, waterproofing, reinforcement, reinforcement, and anti-corrosion in departments such as buildings, coal mines, railways, oil mining, water conservancy and electricity, and geological drilling.

[Extension]
[Waterborne Polyurethane]
Waterborne polyurethane is a new type of polyurethane system that uses water as a dispersant instead of organic solvents, also known as water dispersed polyurethane, water-based polyurethane, or water-based polyurethane. Waterborne polyurethane uses water as a solvent, which is pollution-free, safe and reliable, has excellent mechanical properties, good compatibility, and is easy to modify. It can be widely used in coatings, adhesives, fabric coatings and finishing agents, leather finishing agents, paper surface treatment agents, and fiber surface treatment agents.
[Spray polyurethane]
It is an elastic material generated by the reaction of isocyanate component (component A) and resin component (component R). Isocyanates can be both aromatic and aliphatic, with component A being monomers, polymers, derivatives of isocyanates, prepolymers, and semi prepolymers; Prepolymers and semi prepolymers are prepared by reacting hydroxyl terminated compounds with isocyanates. The R component must be composed of hydroxyl terminated resins (such as diols, ternary alcohols, multi hydroxyl polymer polyols, etc.) and hydroxyl terminated (aromatic or aliphatic) chain extenders. In hydroxyl terminated resins, catalysts must be included to enhance reaction activity.
[Biodegradable PU material]
Biodegradable plastics are currently a hot topic in global development, and there are basically two technological approaches to industrialization: one is to develop high molecular weight biodegradable materials, typical varieties such as polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polycarbonate (PPS), polyhydroxyfatty acids (PHA) and other biodegradable plastics. Although these biodegradable plastics have excellent biodegradability, they generally have mechanical properties, especially poor toughness and temperature resistance. The other is to develop low molecular weight biodegradable polyols, which can be extended by isocyanates to produce polyurethane biodegradable plastics with high molecular weight.
[Green Biomass Polyols]
The upstream raw materials of traditional polyols come from resources such as oil and natural gas. However, with the increasingly serious energy shortage and people’s increasing awareness of environmental protection, the development and utilization of renewable resources to produce biomass polyols have made green PU materials a new highlight. At present, the main raw materials for preparing biomass polyols include vegetable oil, plant cellulose, and lignin polyols. Biomass polyols can replace some polyether polyols and are used to manufacture various PU materials, including PU hard foam, adhesives, coatings, elastomers, and plastic runways. They have been applied in fields such as automotive and building external insulation boxes and refrigerators.

EU PPWR is about to take effect, banning the use of certain “permanent chemicals” in food packaging

On March 17, Belgium, the rotating presidency of the EU Council, announced on Twitter that the revised version of PPWR (Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulations) has been confirmed by the governments of 27 member states.

PPWR Core Terms

Since the core of PPWR is to solve the problem of increasing packaging waste and promote reuse and recycling, it aims to make the packaging used in the EU safer and more sustainable, and create a low-carbon cycle economic goals. Therefore, the finally passed PPWR put forward a series of goals and requirements:

·Reduce and limit certain types of packaging

PPWR proposes an overall packaging reduction target of 5% by 2030, 2035 10% annual reduction and 15% reduction by 2040.

Also set a target for the proportion of recycled plastics in packaging by 2030: 30% of recycled plastics in contact-sensitive packaging made of PET plastic (except disposable beverage bottles); made of other plastics other than PET Recycled plastics account for 7.5% of contact-sensitive packaging (including plastic packaging for food contact).

The use of thin plastic bags smaller than 15 microns is prohibited unless they are required for hygienic reasons or as primary packaging for bulk food to prevent food waste.

In order to reduce unnecessary packaging, the void ratio of container packaging, transportation, and e-commerce packaging must not exceed 50%. Manufacturers and importers should try to reduce the weight and volume of their packaging unless the packaging design is already protected on the date the regulation comes into force.

·Banning the use of certain “permanent chemicals” in food packaging

To prevent adverse effects on health, PPWR requires a ban on the use of so-called “permanent chemicals” (perfluorinated chemicals) in food contact packaging. and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and bisphenol A.

·Deposit return system

By 2029, EU member states must individually collect at least 90% of single-use plastic bottles and metal beverage containers each year. In order to achieve this goal, a deposit return system must be established. However, for deposit return systems that exist before 2029, the minimum requirements of the regulation do not apply if they meet the 90% target.

·Restrict single-use plastics

From 1 January 2030, certain forms of single-use plastic packaging will be completely banned, such as unprocessed fresh fruit and vegetables, in pubs and restaurants Food and beverage packaging for gift and consumption (e.g. condiments, sauces, cream, sugar), as well as micro-products such as hotel toiletries and airport luggage wrap.

On November 22, 2023, the European Parliament’s Environment Committee (ENVI) passed the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR) in the EU Parliament with 426 votes in favor, 125 votes against and 74 abstentions. ) to unifyEU member states manage packaging and packaging waste in order to promote reuse and recycling and solve the growing problem of packaging waste.

As part of the European Green Deal and the new circular economy action plan, PPWR mainly covers three major goals: preventing the generation of packaging waste, promoting high-quality recycling, and increasing the use of recycled plastics in packaging. It plans to make all packaging plastic by 2030. Must be reusable or recyclable.

amine catalyst Dabco 8154 – BDMAEE

2-ethylhexanoic-acid-potassium-CAS-3164-85-0-Dabco-K-15.pdf (bdmaee.net)

Dabco BL-11 catalyst CAS3033-62-3 Evonik Germany – BDMAEE

Polycat 9 catalyst CAS33329-35-6 Evonik Germany.pdf – BDMAEE

Dabco NE300 catalyst CAS10861-07-1 Evonik Germany.pdf (bdmaee.net)

Dabco 1027 Catalyst CAS100515-55-5 Evonik Germany – BDMAEE

Fomrez UL-28 Catalyst Dimethyltin Dioctadecanoate Momentive – BDMAEE

Polycat 77 catalyst CAS3855-32-1 Evonik Germany.pdf (bdmaee.net)

Polycat 41 catalyst CAS10294-43-5 Evonik Germany – BDMAEE

Polycat DBU catalyst CAS6674-22-2 Evonik Germany – BDMAEE

About the method of preparing n-octadecane under normal pressure

It is understood that n-octadecane is a colorless liquid and a white solid at low temperatures. Flash point (℃): 165; Melting point (℃): 28.18; Boiling point (°C): 316.1, insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether, and methanol. It has the characteristics of high purity, high enthalpy value, and stable chemical properties. It has a wide range of applications in the fields of functional temperature-regulating textiles, building energy conservation, and cold chain transportation.

A method for preparing n-octadecane under normal pressure. The steps of the preparation method are:

(1) First, 90kg, 1600mol ice Acetic acid is placed in the reaction kettle, and 38kg (580mol, 325 mesh) zinc powder and 33.34kg bromooctadecane (100mol, melting point 28.5°C) are added in sequence under stirring conditions to form a mixed liquid, and the temperature of the mixed liquid is raised to 80 ℃;

(2) Drop the hydrochloric acid (content: 36-38%, calculated as hydrogen chloride 1015mol) in the high-level tank of the reaction kettle into the mixed liquid, and rapidly increase the temperature of the mixed liquid until it is accompanied by Reflux occurs and remains in the reflux state. The entire dripping process lasts for 25 hours with 100kg of hydrochloric acid. After the dripping process is completed, the mixture is maintained at 110°C for another 6 hours. The mixture is allowed to settle until the mixture is stratified, and the mixture is separated. The crude n-octadecane liquid on the upper surface;

(3) Wash the separated crude n-octadecane liquid with sulfuric acid several times, using about 2000ml of sulfuric acid each time until the n-octadecane liquid is The crude product turns into a colorless or light yellow n-octadecane liquid, and then the n-octadecane liquid is washed with 20% sodium carbonate until neutral to obtain a n-octadecane purified liquid;

(4 ) Dry the n-octadecane purified solution with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After drying, filter out the desiccant, distill it, and collect the 314-315°C fraction. The resulting product is the n-octadecane product.

Through testing, the yield of genuine n-octadecane was 22.5kg (80% of theory), and the chromatographic analysis gradient could reach 98%.

amine catalyst Dabco 8154 – BDMAEE

2-ethylhexanoic-acid-potassium-CAS-3164-85-0-Dabco-K-15.pdf (bdmaee.net)

Dabco BL-11 catalyst CAS3033-62-3 Evonik Germany – BDMAEE

Polycat 9 catalyst CAS33329-35-6 Evonik Germany.pdf – BDMAEE

Dabco NE300 catalyst CAS10861-07-1 Evonik Germany.pdf (bdmaee.net)

Dabco 1027 Catalyst CAS100515-55-5 Evonik Germany – BDMAEE

Fomrez UL-28 Catalyst Dimethyltin Dioctadecanoate Momentive – BDMAEE

Polycat 77 catalyst CAS3855-32-1 Evonik Germany.pdf (bdmaee.net)

Polycat 41 catalyst CAS10294-43-5 Evonik Germany – BDMAEE

Polycat DBU catalyst CAS6674-22-2 Evonik Germany – BDMAEE

A Greener Approach to Nitrogen Fixation: Novel Catalyst Minimizes Environmental Footprint

Introduction

Nitrogen fixation, the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), is a critical step in the production of fertilizers, which are essential for global food production. However, the conventional Haber-Bosch process used for nitrogen fixation has significant environmental and energy implications. To address these challenges, scientists and researchers are continuously exploring innovative solutions. A recent breakthrough in the development of a new catalyst promises to reduce the environmental impact of nitrogen fixation, offering a more sustainable approach to fertilizer production.

The Haber-Bosch Process and Its Environmental Challenges

The Haber-Bosch process, developed in the early 20th century, is the primary method used for industrial nitrogen fixation. This process involves the reaction of atmospheric nitrogen with hydrogen under high pressure and temperature, in the presence of an iron-based catalyst, to produce ammonia. The ammonia is then converted into various nitrogen-based fertilizers.

While the Haber-Bosch process has revolutionized global food production, it has significant environmental and energy implications. The process is highly energy-intensive, accounting for approximately 1-2% of global energy consumption and resulting in substantial greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, the production and use of nitrogen-based fertilizers can lead to environmental pollution, including water eutrophication and air pollution, as well as negative impacts on biodiversity and human health.

The Innovative Catalyst for Greener Nitrogen Fixation

A team of international researchers has developed a novel catalyst that can significantly reduce the environmental impact of nitrogen fixation. The groundbreaking catalyst, composed of earth-abundant materials, facilitates nitrogen fixation at milder conditions and lower energy input, leading to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and improved sustainability.

The new catalyst is designed to replace the traditional iron-based catalyst used in the Haber-Bosch process. By utilizing earth-abundant materials and operating under milder conditions, the innovative catalyst offers a more environmentally friendly and cost-effective solution for nitrogen fixation.

Impact on Fertilizer Production and the Environment

The adoption of the new catalyst in nitrogen fixation processes offers several advantages over the conventional Haber-Bosch method. Firstly, the innovative catalyst enables nitrogen fixation at lower temperatures and pressures, significantly reducing the energy input required for the process. This can lead to substantial energy savings and a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions associated with fertilizer production.

Secondly, the use of earth-abundant materials in the catalyst’s composition makes it a more sustainable and cost-effective solution compared to traditional catalysts that rely on limited resources. This can contribute to a greener and more environmentally friendly fertilizer industry.

Thirdly, the novel catalyst has the potential to improve the overall efficiency of nitrogen fixation, leading to increased ammonia production and reduced waste generation. This can enhance the economic viability of fertilizer production and minimize the environmental impacts associated with the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers.

Environmental and Economic Benefits

The adoption of the innovative catalyst in nitrogen fixation processes offers numerous environmental and economic benefits. By reducing the energy input and greenhouse gas emissions associated with fertilizer production, the catalyst can help mitigate climate change and improve air quality.

Moreover, the use of earth-abundant materials in the catalyst’s composition makes it a more sustainable and cost-effective solution compared to traditional catalysts. This can contribute to a greener and more environmentally friendly fertilizer industry, while also promoting economic competitiveness.

Furthermore, the ability of the innovative catalyst to improve the efficiency of nitrogen fixation can lead to increased ammonia production and reduced waste generation, resulting in cost savings for fertilizer manufacturers and minimizing the environmental impacts associated with the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers.

Conclusion

The development of the novel catalyst for greener nitrogen fixation represents a significant milestone in the quest for more sustainable and environmentally friendly fertilizer production solutions. By facilitating nitrogen fixation at milder conditions and lower energy input, the innovative catalyst offers a promising approach for addressing the challenges associated with the conventional Haber-Bosch process. As research and development in this area continue to advance, it is expected that the new catalyst will play an increasingly important role in shaping the future of the fertilizer industry, contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable world.

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Introduction

The Haber-Bosch Process and Its Environmental Challenges

The Innovative Catalyst for Greener Nitrogen Fixation

The new catalyst is designed to replace the traditional iron-based catalyst used in the Haber-Bosch process. By utilizing earth-abundant materials and operating under milder conditions, the innovative catalyst offers a more environmentally friendly and cost-effective solution for nitrogen fixation.

Impact on Fertilizer Production and the Environment

Secondly, the use of earth-abundant materials in the catalyst’s composition makes it a more sustainable and cost-effective solution compared to traditional catalysts that rely on limited resources. This can contribute to a greener and more environmentally friendly fertilizer industry.

Environmental and Economic Benefits

The adoption of the innovative catalyst in nitrogen fixation processes offers numerous environmental and economic benefits. By reducing the energy input and greenhouse gas emissions associated with fertilizer production, the catalyst can help mitigate climate change and improve air quality.

Conclusion

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