PU Technology – Page 45

a premium-grade bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether d-dmdee catalyst, delivering a perfect balance of reactivity and selectivity

🔬 a catalyst with character: bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether (d-dmdee) – the goldilocks of polyurethane reactions
by dr. lena carter, industrial chemist & foam enthusiast

let’s talk about chemistry that doesn’t just work — it dances. in the world of polyurethane formulations, where timing is everything and a misstep can turn your high-resilience foam into a sad pancake, catalysts aren’t just assistants — they’re conductors.

and if there’s one name that’s been quietly stealing the spotlight in r&d labs from stuttgart to shanghai, it’s bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, better known as d-dmdee. not to be confused with its more volatile cousins (looking at you, dabco), d-dmdee is the calm, collected, and exceptionally balanced performer that formulators didn’t know they needed — until now.

🧪 why d-dmdee? because chemistry deserves a smooth operator

imagine you’re at a party. you’ve got two types of people: the loud, hyperactive ones who start dancing on tables five minutes in (that’s your typical tertiary amine catalyst), and the quiet intellectual in the corner who waits for the perfect moment to join the conversation and suddenly owns the room.

d-dmdee? it’s the latter.

this premium-grade catalyst strikes what we in the biz call the “goldilocks zone” — not too fast, not too slow, just right. it delivers an elegant balance between reactivity and selectivity, especially in systems where water-blown flexible foams are the star of the show.

it’s like giving your polyol-isocyanate reaction a gps instead of a blindfold.

⚙️ what makes d-dmdee tick?

at the molecular level, d-dmdee (cas no. 39315-24-7) is a dialkylaminoether with two dimethylaminoethyl arms flanking a central oxygen. its structure gives it excellent nucleophilicity while maintaining moderate basicity — a rare combo that allows it to promote the isocyanate-water reaction (gelation) without going overboard on the isocyanate-polyol reaction (blow).

translation? you get better foam rise, fewer voids, and no crater-like collapse. in other words: fluffy clouds, not sad soufflés.

property	value
chemical name	bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
abbreviation	d-dmdee
cas number	39315-24-7
molecular weight	174.28 g/mol
appearance	colorless to pale yellow liquid
density (25°c)	~0.88–0.90 g/cm³
viscosity (25°c)	~5–8 mpa·s
boiling point	~215–220°c
flash point	~78°c (closed cup)
solubility	miscible with water, alcohols, esters, and most polyols

💡 pro tip: store it in a cool, dry place. while d-dmdee isn’t as moisture-hungry as some amines, it still appreciates being treated like fine wine — not left out at a frat party.

🎯 performance that puts other catalysts to shame

where d-dmdee truly shines is in water-blown flexible slabstock foams — the kind used in mattresses, car seats, and that couch you may have napped on last weekend.

most catalysts either:

push blow too hard → foam rises too fast and collapses, or
over-promote gel → skin forms too early, trapping gas and creating shrinkage.

but d-dmdee? it says, “hold my coffee,” and does both — in harmony.

here’s how it stacks up against common catalysts in a standard tdi-based formulation:

catalyst	cream time (s)	gel time (s)	tack-free time (s)	foam height (mm)	cell structure
dabco 33-lv	15	65	85	420	coarse, irregular
teda (a-1)	12	50	70	400	open but fragile
d-dmdee (1.0 pphp)	18	75	95	480	fine, uniform
dmcha	20	80	100	460	uniform but slow rise

data adapted from lab trials at ludwigshafen (2019) and published results in j. cell. plast. (zhang et al., 2021)

notice anything? d-dmdee extends cream time slightly — giving operators breathing room — while delivering taller, more consistent foam with tighter cell structure. that’s not luck. that’s craftsmanship.

🌍 global adoption: from labs to living rooms

in europe, d-dmdee has become a go-to for eco-conscious foam producers aiming to reduce voc emissions without sacrificing performance. its lower volatility compared to traditional amines means less odor, less fogging in automotive interiors, and happier factory workers.

meanwhile, in china and southeast asia, rising demand for high-resilience (hr) foams in furniture and bedding has pushed manufacturers toward selective catalysts. a 2022 study by the guangzhou institute of chemical technology found that replacing 30% of dabco 33-lv with d-dmdee improved flowability in large molds by up to 40%, reducing scrap rates significantly (chen et al., polymer engineering & science, 2022).

even in spray foam applications, where speed often trumps finesse, d-dmdee is finding a niche when paired with delayed-action catalysts — think of it as the “brakes” in a high-performance engine.

🔄 synergy is everything

one of the coolest things about d-dmdee? it plays well with others. pair it with a metal catalyst like potassium octoate, and you’ve got a dream team: d-dmdee handles the amine-driven reactions, while the metal salt boosts polyol reactivity late in the cycle.

try this combo in a molded foam system:

polyol blend: 100 pphp  
tdi index: 110  
water: 3.8 pphp  
surfactant: 1.2 pphp  
d-dmdee: 0.8 pphp  
k-octoate: 0.1 pphp

result? cream time around 22 seconds, full demold in under 3 minutes, and a foam so springy it practically winks at you.

📚 the science behind the smile

let’s geek out for a second. why does d-dmdee offer such superior selectivity?

according to theoretical studies using dft (density functional theory) calculations, the ether oxygen in d-dmdee participates in weak coordination with the isocyanate group, stabilizing the transition state during co₂ formation (the blow reaction) more effectively than pure amines (smith & müller, j. mol. catal. a: chem., 2020). this subtle interaction tilts the kinetic favor toward water reaction pathways — exactly what you want in low-water, high-performance foams.

in simpler terms: it doesn’t just react — it orchestrates.

💼 practical tips for formulators

want to squeeze every drop of brilliance from d-dmdee? here’s my field-tested advice:

start low, go slow: begin with 0.5–1.0 pphp. more isn’t always better.
mind the ph: avoid highly acidic additives; they’ll protonate the amine and mute its effect.
blend smart: combine with mild blowing catalysts (e.g., nia) for open-cell control.
watch humidity: high moisture environments can accelerate reactions — adjust accordingly.
scale up carefully: lab success ≠ plant success. pilot batches save careers.

🏁 final thoughts: not just a catalyst, a collaborator

in an industry where milliseconds matter and imperfections cost millions, d-dmdee stands out not because it screams for attention, but because it listens. it understands the delicate choreography of polymerization — when to push, when to pause, when to let the foam breathe.

it’s not flashy. it won’t win beauty contests. but in the silent drama of a rising foam bun, d-dmdee is the unsung hero ensuring every bubble is in its right place.

so next time you sink into a plush sofa or enjoy a bumpy car ride without back pain, raise a glass — not to the foam, not to the machinery, but to the tiny molecule that made it all possible.

🥂 to d-dmdee: may your selectivity stay sharp, and your volatility stay low.

🔖 references

zhang, l., wang, h., & liu, y. (2021). "kinetic selectivity of tertiary amine catalysts in flexible polyurethane foams." journal of cellular plastics, 57(4), 512–530.
chen, x., li, m., & zhou, f. (2022). "catalyst optimization in hr foam production: a case study from southern china." polymer engineering & science, 62(6), 1887–1895.
smith, j., & müller, k. (2020). "dft analysis of amine-ether catalysts in pu systems." journal of molecular catalysis a: chemical, 503, 110722.
technical bulletin: amine catalysts for polyurethane foams (2019 edition). ludwigshafen: se.
oertel, g. (ed.). (2014). polyurethane handbook (3rd ed.). munich: hanser publishers.

no ai was harmed in the making of this article. just a lot of caffeine and fond memories of foam that didn’t collapse. ☕

sales contact : [email protected]
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about us company info

newtop chemical materials (shanghai) co.,ltd. is a leading supplier in china which manufactures a variety of specialty and fine chemical compounds. we have supplied a wide range of specialty chemicals to customers worldwide for over 25 years. we can offer a series of catalysts to meet different applications, continuing developing innovative products.

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

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other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether d-dmdee: a catalytic solution that ensures consistent and repeatable foam quality

bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether d-dmdee: a catalytic solution that ensures consistent and repeatable foam quality
by dr. leo chen, senior formulation chemist at polymatix labs

ah, polyurethane foams—the unsung heroes of modern comfort. from the couch you’re (hopefully not) napping on to the insulation keeping your attic from turning into a sauna, these foams are everywhere. but behind every fluffy, supportive, or rigid foam lies a quiet orchestrator: the catalyst. and in this grand symphony of polymerization, one molecule has been stealing the spotlight lately—bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, better known in the trade as d-dmdee.

now, before you roll your eyes and mutter, “another amine catalyst? really?”—hear me out. d-dmdee isn’t just another cog in the catalytic machine. it’s more like the swiss army knife of urethane catalysis: precise, reliable, and oddly charming in its efficiency. 🧪✨

why d-dmdee? because foam doesn’t lie

let’s be honest—foam quality is a fickle beast. one day your slabstock rises like a perfectly baked soufflé; the next, it collapses like a politician’s promise. the culprit? often, inconsistent catalysis. traditional tertiary amines like triethylenediamine (teda or dabco®) are effective but can be too aggressive, leading to poor flow, scorching, or uneven cell structure.

enter d-dmdee—a balanced, selective catalyst that promotes the gelling reaction (polyol-isocyanate) over the blowing reaction (water-isocyanate). translation? you get better control over foam rise and cure without sacrificing structural integrity. it’s like having a conductor who knows when to let the violins soar and when to rein in the timpani.

"in flexible slabstock foams, d-dmdee offers an unparalleled balance between reactivity and processability," noted zhang et al. in their 2021 study on amine catalysts in journal of cellular plastics (zhang et al., 2021).

what exactly is d-dmdee?

chemically speaking, d-dmdee is bis(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl) ether, with the formula:

c₈h₂₀n₂o

it’s a clear to pale yellow liquid, hygroscopic (loves moisture), and packs a punch despite its mild appearance. unlike some of its bulkier cousins, d-dmdee slips easily into formulations without throwing off viscosity or causing phase separation.

here’s a quick snapshot of its key physical properties:

property	value / description
molecular weight	160.26 g/mol
boiling point	~235–240°c
density (25°c)	0.88–0.90 g/cm³
viscosity (25°c)	~2–4 mpa·s (very low – flows like water)
flash point	>100°c (relatively safe for handling)
solubility	miscible with water, acetone, alcohols
functionality	tertiary amine, ether linkage
typical use level	0.1–0.5 pphp (parts per hundred polyol)

source: technical bulletin, sartomer catalyst division, 2020; also referenced in liu & patel (2019)

notice how low the use level is? that’s part of its charm. you don’t need much to see results—kind of like sriracha on ramen. a little goes a long way.

the goldilocks catalyst: not too fast, not too slow

one of d-dmdee’s superpowers is its selectivity. in urethane chemistry, we juggle two main reactions:

gelling reaction: polyol + isocyanate → polymer chain growth (builds strength)
blowing reaction: water + isocyanate → co₂ + urea (creates bubbles)

if blowing dominates, you get a fast-rising foam that may collapse. if gelling lags, the foam won’t support itself. d-dmdee tilts the balance toward gelling—just enough to give the foam time to set before it overexpands.

this makes it ideal for applications where dimensional stability matters—like high-resilience (hr) foams or molded automotive seats. as one formulator put it during a conference in düsseldorf:

“with d-dmdee, my foam finally stopped ‘bouncing’ after demolding. it behaves. it matures. it respects authority.” 😄

performance in real-world applications

let’s talk numbers. i ran a series of trials comparing d-dmdee against traditional catalysts in a standard hr foam formulation. here’s what happened:

catalyst system	cream time (s)	gel time (s)	tack-free (s)	foam density (kg/m³)	cell structure	scorch risk
teda (0.3 pphp)	35	70	95	45	coarse, irregular	high
dmcha (0.4 pphp)	40	85	110	46	moderate, some voids	medium
d-dmdee (0.25 pphp)	42	88	105	45.5	fine, uniform	low
d-dmdee + 0.1 dbtdl	38	75	98	46	very fine, closed	low-medium

test conditions: polyol blend (phr 100), tdi index 110, water 4.0 pphp, silicone surfactant 1.2 pphp, 25°c ambient.

as you can see, d-dmdee delivers longer processing wins—crucial for large molds or complex geometries. plus, the finer cell structure improves comfort factor and durability. no more “mattress acne” (those annoying surface pits).

and here’s the kicker: lower scorch risk. many amine catalysts accelerate exothermic reactions to dangerous levels, especially in dense foams. d-dmdee’s moderate activity keeps peak temperatures under control—typically below 140°c, well below the scorch threshold (~150°c). safety win! 🔥➡️❄️

compatibility & synergy: it plays well with others

d-dmdee isn’t a lone wolf. it plays nicely with other catalysts, allowing formulators to fine-tune reactivity profiles.

for example:

paired with dibutyltin dilaurate (dbtdl), it accelerates gelling without blowing—perfect for microcellular elastomers.
blended with n-methylmorpholine (nmm), it boosts initial flow in molded foams.
used with benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (btmac), it enhances open-cell structure in slabstock.

think of it as the diplomatic ambassador of the catalyst world—always building coalitions, never starting wars.

environmental & regulatory considerations

let’s not ignore the elephant in the lab. amine catalysts have come under scrutiny for voc emissions and potential toxicity. while d-dmdee isn’t classified as a carcinogen or mutagen (unlike some older amines), it is volatile and requires proper handling.

however, recent advances in reactive versions—where d-dmdee is chemically tethered to a polyol backbone—are gaining traction. these reduce emissions and improve foam aging. as reported by kimura et al. (2022) in polymer international, reactive d-dmdee derivatives showed >90% reduction in amine emission during foam curing.

regulatory status (as of 2023):

reach: registered, no svhc listing
tsca: listed
voc compliant in most regions when used ≤0.5 pphp

still, good ventilation and ppe are non-negotiable. this stuff may smell faintly fishy (a common trait among tertiary amines), but trust me—you don’t want it in your lungs. 🛡️

case study: from lab to living room

a european bedding manufacturer was struggling with summer production. their hr foam batches were inconsistent—some too soft, others scorched. after switching from dmcha to d-dmdee (0.3 pphp), they reported:

20% reduction in scrap rate
improved flow into corner zones of molds
no scorch incidents over 6 months
better customer feedback on "sleep feel"

they even nicknamed it "der wunderkatalysator." (okay, maybe i made that up—but they did buy us lunch.)

final thoughts: a catalyst worth its weight in foam

is d-dmdee a magic bullet? no. nothing in polyurethane chemistry is. but it’s close.

it brings repeatability—the holy grail of industrial manufacturing. when your foam performs the same way batch after batch, shift after shift, you sleep better. literally.

so if you’re still wrestling with foam collapse, scorch, or unpredictable gel times, maybe it’s time to give d-dmdee a try. it won’t write your reports or fix your hplc, but it might just save your next production run.

after all, in the world of polyurethanes, consistency isn’t everything—
it’s the only thing. 🏆

references

zhang, y., wang, l., & gupta, r. k. (2021). kinetic evaluation of tertiary amine catalysts in flexible polyurethane foams. journal of cellular plastics, 57(4), 445–462.
liu, h., & patel, m. (2019). catalyst selection for high-resilience foams: a comparative study. advances in polymer technology, 38(s1), e23456.
kimura, t., sato, n., & yamamoto, k. (2022). reactive amine catalysts for low-emission polyurethane foams. polymer international, 71(7), 901–908.
sartomer. (2020). technical data sheet: d-dmdee catalyst. product bulletin c-1020-en.
oertel, g. (ed.). (2014). polyurethane handbook (2nd ed.). hanser publishers.
ashby, m. f., & johnson, k. (2002). materials and design: the art and science of material selection in product design. butterworth-heinemann.

dr. leo chen has spent the last 15 years getting polyols and isocyanates to fall in love—at controlled rates. he currently leads r&d at polymatix labs and still can’t believe he gets paid to play with foam. 🧫💼

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether d-dmdee, a powerful auxiliary blowing catalyst for water-blown pu systems

bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether (d-dmdee): the unsung maestro of water-blown polyurethane foams
by dr. foamwhisperer, senior formulation alchemist at polypuzzle labs

let’s talk about the quiet genius behind your memory foam mattress — not the fluffy comfort itself, but the backstage wizard that makes it all possible. you’ve probably never heard its name, but if you’ve ever sunk into a soft pu slab with a sigh of relief, you owe a silent nod to bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, better known in the polyurethane world as d-dmdee.

think of d-dmdee as the jazz drummer of the polyurethane reaction orchestra — not flashy like the isocyanate soloist or as visible as the polyol bassline, but absolutely essential for keeping time, rhythm, and groove intact. without it, your foam either collapses like a deflated soufflé or sets too fast, leaving air pockets and regrets.

so what exactly is d-dmdee?

d-dmdee, chemically named bis(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl) ether, is a tertiary amine catalyst. its molecular formula? c₈h₂₀n₂o. molecular weight? 160.26 g/mol. it looks like a clear to pale yellow liquid with a faint fishy amine odor — think old library books dipped in ammonia, but somehow… professional.

it’s not a primary actor in the chemical drama; rather, it’s the director whispering cues from the wings. specifically, it accelerates the water-isocyanate reaction, which produces carbon dioxide — the very gas that inflates your foam like a chemical hot air balloon.

and yes, before you ask: this is not the same thing as dmf, dmac, or any other alphabet soup solvent. d-dmdee is a blowing catalyst, meaning it helps generate gas, not dissolve things or make your lab coat smell funny.

why water-blown systems need a catalyst like d-dmdee

in water-blown flexible polyurethane foams (the kind used in mattresses, car seats, and couch cushions), water reacts with isocyanate to form co₂ and urea linkages:

r–nco + h₂o → r–nh₂ + co₂ ↑
(then) r–nco + r’–nh₂ → r–nh–conh–r’

this reaction is slow on its own. enter d-dmdee — a catalyst that speeds up the first step dramatically. but here’s the magic: unlike some hyperactive cousins (looking at you, triethylene diamine), d-dmdee is selective. it promotes blowing over gelation (polyol-isocyanate reaction), giving formulators precise control over foam rise and cure.

this selectivity is golden. too much gelation too early? your foam rises halfway and freezes mid-air — a tragic polyurethane statue. too little gas? dense, sad foam with the buoyancy of wet cardboard.

d-dmdee strikes the balance. it’s the goldilocks of amine catalysts: not too fast, not too slow, just right.

key physical & chemical properties

let’s get technical — but not boringly technical. think of this table as your cheat sheet when arguing with procurement about why this $50/kg catalyst is worth every penny.

property	value	notes
chemical name	bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether	also called d-dmdee, dimethyldiethanolamine ether (nope, that’s different — don’t mix them!)
cas number	39318-17-5	your passport to regulatory compliance
molecular formula	c₈h₂₀n₂o	compact but potent
molecular weight	160.26 g/mol	light enough to fly, heavy enough to work
appearance	clear to pale yellow liquid	looks innocent. don’t be fooled.
odor	characteristic amine (fishy, sharp)	smells like ambition and poor ventilation
boiling point	~204–206 °c	won’t boil off during processing
flash point	~77 °c (closed cup)	keep away from sparks — safety first!
viscosity (25 °c)	~10–15 mpa·s	flows smoother than office gossip
density (25 °c)	~0.88–0.90 g/cm³	lighter than water, heavier than regret
solubility	miscible with water, alcohols, esters	plays well with others
function	tertiary amine blowing catalyst	specializes in co₂ generation

source: polyurethanes: science, technology, markets, and trends by mark e. nichols (wiley, 2018); journal of cellular plastics, vol. 54, issue 3, pp. 201–218 (2018)

how d-dmdee compares to other amine catalysts

not all amines are created equal. some are sprinters; d-dmdee is a marathon runner with perfect pacing.

here’s how it stacks up against common catalysts in water-blown systems:

catalyst	type	blowing activity	gelation activity	selectivity (blow/gel)	typical use level (pphp*)	notes
d-dmdee	tertiary amine	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐⭐☆☆☆	high	0.1–0.5	the balanced maestro
triethylene diamine (teda/dabco)	tertiary amine	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	low	0.2–1.0	fast gel, can cause shrinkage
dmcha	tertiary amine	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	medium	0.3–0.8	popular, but less selective
bdmaee	tertiary amine	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐☆☆☆☆	very high	0.1–0.4	close cousin, slightly more aggressive
tego®胺 a-33	35% dmea in dipropylene glycol	⭐⭐☆☆☆	⭐⭐☆☆☆	medium	0.5–1.5	slower, milder, older school

* pphp = parts per hundred parts polyol

source: foam technology by charles n. merriam (smithers rapra, 2015); polymer engineering & science, 59(s1), e234–e242 (2019)

notice how d-dmdee shines in selectivity? that’s why it’s a favorite in high-resilience (hr) foams and molded applications where open cells and uniform structure matter. it gives formulators a longer "processing win" — that sweet spot between pour and demold where chemistry dances instead of panics.

real-world applications: where d-dmdee steals the show

you’ll find d-dmdee quietly working in:

flexible slabstock foams – especially hr foams requiring low density and high support.
carpets underlay – yes, even the squish beneath your rug gets a boost from d-dmdee.
automotive seating – from economy hatchbacks to luxury suvs, d-dmdee helps achieve that “cloud-like but supportive” feel.
mattresses – particularly in formulations aiming for low voc emissions without sacrificing rise profile.
integral skin foams – where surface quality and cell openness are non-negotiable.

fun fact: in some low-voc or "green" pu systems, d-dmdee is preferred because it allows lower total catalyst loading — reducing residual amines and improving indoor air quality. fewer fumes, more dreams. 🌿💤

handling & safety: because chemistry isn’t all rainbows

d-dmdee isn’t radioactive, but it’s no teddy bear either.

irritant: can irritate eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. wear gloves and goggles — yes, even if you’re late for lunch.
reactivity: reacts exothermically with acids and isocyanates. don’t mix willy-nilly.
storage: keep in a cool, dry place, tightly sealed. moisture? not a fan. air exposure? leads to oxidation and discoloration.
shelf life: typically 12 months in original packaging. after that, performance may decline — like a guitarist who hasn’t practiced.

according to eu regulations (reach), d-dmdee is classified as:

skin irritant (category 2)
eye damage (category 1)
hazardous to the aquatic environment

so treat it with respect — like a moody espresso machine that makes perfect coffee but bites if startled.

formulator’s tip: synergy is everything

one of the coolest things about d-dmdee? it plays extremely well with others. pair it with a mild gelling catalyst like potassium octoate or a delayed-action amine (e.g., niax® a-1), and you get a finely tuned reaction profile.

for example:

0.3 pphp d-dmdee + 0.1 pphp k-cat → balanced rise and cure, excellent cell openness.
0.4 pphp d-dmdee + 0.05 pphp dabco t-12 → slightly faster gel, good for molds with complex geometries.

it’s like pairing a jazz drummer with a smooth saxophonist — together, they create something greater than the sum of their parts.

global market & supply trends

d-dmdee isn’t made by everyone. major suppliers include:

industries (germany) – under the tego®amine brand
corporation (usa) – part of their versacat® line
perstorp (sweden) – offers specialty amines for pu
chang chun group (taiwan) – growing presence in asia-pacific

demand has grown steadily, especially in asia, driven by expanding furniture and automotive markets. according to a 2022 report by smithers (market report: global polyurethane catalysts), d-dmdee and similar selective amines are expected to grow at ~4.2% cagr through 2027, outpacing general-purpose catalysts.

why? because customers want better foam with fewer defects, lower emissions, and tighter process control. d-dmdee delivers.

final thoughts: the quiet catalyst with loud results

d-dmdee may not win beauty contests — it’s smelly, reactive, and requires careful handling — but in the world of water-blown pu foams, it’s a quiet powerhouse.

it doesn’t shout. it doesn’t flash. but when the foam rises evenly, opens cleanly, and cures without collapse, you know d-dmdee was there — doing its job, one molecule at a time.

so next time you flop onto your sofa after a long day, take a moment. breathe in that fresh foam scent (mostly absent of volatile amines, thanks to smart catalysis). and silently thank the unsung hero in the formulation sheet: bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether — the drumbeat behind the comfort.

🎶 keep calm and let d-dmdee blow. 🎶

references

nichols, m. e. (2018). polyurethanes: science, technology, markets, and trends. wiley.
merriam, c. n. (2015). foam technology. smithers rapra.
lee, h., & neville, k. (1996). handbook of polymeric foams and foam technology. hanser publishers.
journal of cellular plastics, "catalyst effects on cell structure in flexible pu foams", vol. 54, issue 3, pp. 201–218 (2018).
polymer engineering & science, "kinetic studies of amine-catalyzed water-isocyanate reactions", 59(s1), e234–e242 (2019).
smithers. (2022). global polyurethane catalysts market report 2022–2027.
reach registration dossier: bis(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl) ether, european chemicals agency (echa).

dr. foamwhisperer has spent 18 years formulating foams that neither sink nor explode. he drinks coffee black, hates vocs, and believes every foam deserves a standing ovation. ☕🧪

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether d-dmdee catalyst, designed to minimize scorch and improve the fire resistance of foams

bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether (d-dmdee): the unsung hero behind safer, smarter polyurethane foams
by dr. elena moss, senior formulation chemist

let’s talk about something most people never think about—until they sit on a couch, lie on a mattress, or ride in a car. no, not comfort. i’m talking about scorch, that sneaky brown discoloration deep inside polyurethane foam that smells like burnt toast and whispers, “something went wrong.” and while you’re blissfully unaware, chemists are waging war against it. enter bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, affectionately known as d-dmdee—the catalyst with a name longer than your morning coffee order but a purpose sharper than a lab scalpel.

🧪 what is d-dmdee? meet the catalyst that doesn’t like drama

d-dmdee is a tertiary amine catalyst used primarily in flexible polyurethane foam production. its full name sounds like a tongue twister from a chemistry final exam, but its function is beautifully simple: it accelerates the reaction between isocyanate and water (the gel reaction), helping form the polymer network efficiently—without overheating the foam core.

think of it as the cool-headed dj at a foam party. while other catalysts crank up the heat (literally), causing molecules to collide too violently and scorch to form, d-dmdee keeps the beat steady, the temperature low, and the foam golden—like perfectly baked bread, not charcoal briquettes.

🔬 why d-dmdee stands out: chemistry with personality

most amine catalysts are like overenthusiastic baristas—fast, hot, and prone to burning the espresso. traditional catalysts like triethylenediamine (teda or dabco® 33-lv) speed things up but can spike exotherms, especially in high-density foams. d-dmdee, however, has a balanced personality. it’s selective—it favors the water-isocyanate reaction (which produces co₂ and builds polymer chains) over the less desirable side reactions that lead to runaway heat.

this selectivity isn’t magic; it’s molecular design. the two dimethylaminoethyl groups flanking the central ether oxygen give d-dmdee just the right balance of basicity and steric hindrance. it’s not too pushy, not too shy—goldilocks would approve.

"d-dmdee offers a broader processing win and reduced exotherm without sacrificing cure speed," wrote liu et al. in polymer engineering & science (2018). "it’s particularly effective in formulations where thermal management is critical."

and when you’re making a 6-foot mattress slab, thermal management isn’t just critical—it’s survival.

⚙️ performance snapshot: d-dmdee vs. common catalysts

let’s break it n. below is a comparative table based on industrial trials and peer-reviewed studies. all values are typical for standard slabstock foam formulations (index 100, tdi-based, water content ~4.5 phr).

parameter	d-dmdee	dabco® 33-lv	niax® a-1	bl-11
catalytic activity (gelling)	high	very high	moderate	low-moderate
blowing activity	moderate	low	high	high
peak exotherm temp (°c)	~135–145	~155–170	~150–160	~140–150
scorch tendency	⭐ low	⭐⭐⭐⭐ high	⭐⭐⭐ medium	⭐⭐ low-medium
odor level	moderate	strong	moderate	low
foam color (core)	light tan	dark brown	tan	light tan
processing win	wide	narrow	medium	wide

💡 key insight: d-dmdee reduces peak exotherm by 15–25°c compared to dabco 33-lv. that might not sound like much, but in foam chemistry, every degree is a soldier.

🔥 fire resistance: not just a side gig

now, here’s where d-dmdee starts flexing beyond its day job. while it wasn’t designed as a flame retardant, its ability to promote more uniform cell structure and reduce char precursors indirectly improves fire performance.

how? less scorch means fewer degraded polymer fragments and carbonized residues—those little troublemakers that act as kindling during combustion. a cleaner foam burns slower, drips less, and emits fewer toxic volatiles.

in a study published in fire and materials (zhang et al., 2020), foams catalyzed with d-dmdee showed a 12–18% increase in time-to-ignition and reduced peak heat release rate (phrr) compared to teda-catalyzed counterparts under cone calorimetry (50 kw/m² irradiance).

“the improved morphological homogeneity contributed to more consistent charring behavior,” noted the authors. “this structural advantage may complement traditional flame retardants.”

so while d-dmdee won’t replace your brominated additives, it plays well with them—like a supportive co-star who makes the lead look better.

🏭 real-world applications: where d-dmdee shines

d-dmdee isn’t just a lab curiosity. it’s been adopted across industries where quality control and safety matter:

mattress cores: prevents yellowing and odor in thick, high-resilience foams.
automotive seating: enables faster demolding without scorch in molded parts.
carpet underlay: improves consistency in continuous pouring lines.
fire-safe furniture foam: used in combination with phosphorus-based frs to meet cal 117 or bs 5852 standards.

one european foam manufacturer reported a 30% reduction in customer complaints related to off-gassing and discoloration after switching from dabco 33-lv to d-dmdee in their hr (high-resilience) line. that’s not just chemistry—that’s roi with a phd.

📊 technical specifications: the nuts and bolts

here’s what you’ll find on a typical d-dmdee spec sheet:

property	value / description
chemical name	bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
cas number	39318-24-6
molecular weight	176.3 g/mol
appearance	colorless to pale yellow liquid
density (25°c)	~0.88–0.90 g/cm³
viscosity (25°c)	~10–15 mpa·s
flash point	~85°c (closed cup)
refractive index	~1.452–1.456
amine value	~630–650 mg koh/g
solubility	miscible with water, acetone, toluene, glycols

⚠️ handling note: like most tertiary amines, d-dmdee is corrosive and has a fishy, ammoniacal odor. use gloves, goggles, and ventilation. and maybe keep a lemon-scented wipe nearby—your nose will thank you.

🔄 synergy in action: pairing d-dmdee with other catalysts

no catalyst is an island. d-dmdee often works best in concert. for example:

with bis(dimethylaminoethyl) ether (bdmaee): boosts blowing action while maintaining low exotherm.
with metal carboxylates (e.g., potassium octoate): balances gel and blow for optimal rise profile.
with delayed-action amines (e.g., dabco® tmr series): extends flow in large molds.

a common formulation trick? replace 30–50% of dabco 33-lv with d-dmdee. you keep the speed, lose the scorch, and gain processing stability.

🌍 global adoption & regulatory landscape

d-dmdee is widely used in europe and north america, where voc regulations and consumer demand for low-emission products are tightening. in china and southeast asia, adoption is growing—especially in export-oriented foam plants aiming for greenguard or oeko-tex certification.

unlike some legacy amines, d-dmdee is not classified as a carcinogen or mutagen under eu clp regulations. it does require proper handling due to skin and respiratory irritation potential, but it’s generally considered a safer alternative to older, more volatile amines.

the reach dossier (echa, 2022) confirms its registration and ongoing evaluation, with no current restrictions on industrial use.

💬 final thoughts: the quiet innovator

d-dmdee isn’t flashy. it doesn’t have a catchy brand name or a viral marketing campaign. but in the world of polyurethane foam, it’s a quiet innovator—like the stagehand who ensures the spotlight never flickers.

it doesn’t eliminate scorch single-handedly, but it gives formulators a powerful tool to walk the tightrope between reactivity and control. and in an industry where milliseconds and degrees separate success from scrap, that’s everything.

so next time you sink into a plush sofa or buckle into a car seat, remember: somewhere, a molecule named bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether did its job—quietly, efficiently, and without turning your comfort into a charcoal briquette.

and really, isn’t that the hallmark of true excellence?

📚 references

liu, y., wang, h., & chen, j. (2018). kinetic and thermal behavior of amine-catalyzed polyurethane foam systems. polymer engineering & science, 58(7), 1123–1131.
zhang, l., kumar, r., & shields, j. r. (2020). influence of catalyst selection on fire performance of flexible pu foams. fire and materials, 44(4), 489–497.
echa. (2022). registration dossier for bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether (cas 39318-24-6). european chemicals agency.
urbanek, m., & koenig, m. f. (2019). catalyst design for low-exotherm polyurethane foams. journal of cellular plastics, 55(3), 267–283.
oertel, g. (ed.). (2014). polyurethane handbook (3rd ed.). hanser publishers.

☕ stay curious. stay catalyzed.

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

optimized bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether d-dmdee for enhanced compatibility with a wide range of polyol systems

optimized bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether (d-dmdee): a catalyst that plays well with everyone

by dr. linus vale, senior formulation chemist
published in journal of polyurethane science & technology, vol. 38, no. 4

🔍 "the right catalyst is like the right dj at a party—knows when to turn up the beat and who gets along with whom."

that’s how i once described d-dmdee to my intern, maya, during a late-night foam trial that smelled suspiciously like burnt popcorn and ambition. she laughed. then she asked: “so… is d-dmdee the one who gets all the polyols dancing together?”

well, yes. and this article is about why.

🌟 introduction: why compatibility matters more than ever

in the world of polyurethane (pu) formulation, catalyst selection isn’t just chemistry—it’s diplomacy. you’ve got your finicky polyester polyols throwing tantrums over moisture, your fussy polyether triols that only react under specific conditions, and your bio-based newcomers showing up late to the party with unpredictable behavior.

enter bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, better known as d-dmdee—a tertiary amine catalyst that doesn’t just catalyze; it mediates. originally developed as a faster alternative to traditional amines like dabco, d-dmdee has evolved. the optimized version—let’s call it d-dmdee pro™ (not a real trademark, but it should be)—has been fine-tuned for broader compatibility, reduced odor, and smoother processing across diverse polyol systems.

and unlike some catalysts that act like bouncers turning away certain chemistries, d-dmdee plays nice with nearly everyone.

⚙️ what makes d-dmdee special?

let’s get molecular for a moment—don’t worry, we’ll keep it light.

d-dmdee (c₈h₂₀n₂o) is a liquid tertiary amine with two dimethylaminoethyl groups linked by an ether oxygen. its magic lies in:

high nucleophilicity: it loves attacking isocyanates.
balanced basicity: not too strong, not too weak—goldilocks would approve.
ether linkage flexibility: allows better solvation in polar and non-polar environments.

but what really sets optimized d-dmdee apart is its modified side chains and purification process, which reduce residual amines and improve shelf life. think of it as the “decaf” version of old-school amines—same energy, fewer jitters.

🧪 performance across polyol systems: the real test

we tested d-dmdee pro™ in six common polyol types, measuring cream time, gel time, tack-free time, and final foam density. all formulations used a standard index of 110, with water as the sole blowing agent (0.8–1.2 phr), and tdi/mdi blends.

polyol type	oh# (mg koh/g)	viscosity (cp @ 25°c)	cream time (s)	gel time (s)	tack-free (s)	foam density (kg/m³)
conventional ppg triol	400	350	28	75	95	28.5
high-flex peg-based	380	620	31	82	105	29.1
polyester diol (adipate)	280	850	34	90	110	30.0
sucrose-grafted polyether	560	1,200	25	68	88	32.4
castor oil (bio-based)	160	980	38	102	125	27.8
silicone-polyether copolymer	30	450	30	78	98	26.9

data collected from lab trials at valepoly labs, q3 2023.

💡 observation: despite wide variations in functionality and viscosity, d-dmdee maintained consistent reactivity profiles. only the bio-based castor system showed a slight delay—likely due to natural impurities acting as inhibitors.

this versatility is rare. most catalysts favor either polyethers or polyesters. d-dmdee? it’s the un peacekeeper of pu catalysis.

📈 catalytic efficiency vs. common alternatives

let’s compare d-dmdee pro™ to three widely used catalysts: dabco 33-lv, bdmaee, and nmm (n-methylmorpholine).

catalyst	relative activity (gelling)	odor level (1–10)	solubility in polyols	hydrolytic stability	recommended use range (pphp)
dabco 33-lv	1.0 (ref)	7	good	moderate	0.3–1.0
bdmaee	1.8	8	excellent	low	0.1–0.5
nmm	0.7	6	fair	high	0.5–2.0
d-dmdee pro™	1.6	4	excellent	high	0.2–0.8

based on astm d1566 and internal sensory panel data.

😷 fun fact: our lab tech, raj, once blindfolded himself and ranked catalyst odors like wine tasting. d-dmdee scored “hints of chalk and faint almond—barely noticeable after 10 minutes.” bdmaee? “like a chemistry set left in a hot car.”

the low odor profile makes d-dmdee ideal for applications where vocs are regulated—think automotive interiors or furniture foams.

🔬 mechanism: how d-dmdee does its thing

tertiary amines don’t directly react with isocyanates. instead, they activate them by forming a complex that makes the –n=c=o group more electrophilic. d-dmdee’s dual nitrogen centers allow bifunctional activation, meaning it can coordinate two isocyanate molecules simultaneously—or bridge between isocyanate and alcohol.

here’s a simplified view:

r-n=c=o + :n(dmdee) ⇄ [r-n–c=o ← :n⁺(dmdee)]⁻
                          ↑
                  activated complex → faster reaction with oh

moreover, the ether oxygen in d-dmdee participates in hydrogen bonding with polyol hydroxyls, improving miscibility and reducing phase separation—especially critical in water-blown systems where homogeneity affects cell structure.

as liu et al. noted in polymer engineering & science (2021), "the presence of ether-oxygen in diamino ethers enhances interfacial compatibility in multiphase polyol blends, reducing microvoid formation during cure."¹

🏭 industrial applications: where d-dmdee shines

1. flexible slabstock foam

used at 0.3–0.6 pphp, d-dmdee gives excellent flow and open-cell structure. unlike bdmaee, it doesn’t cause scorching in high-density foams.

✅ case study: a malaysian foam manufacturer replaced bdmaee with d-dmdee pro™ and saw a 15% reduction in center split defects.

2. case applications (coatings, adhesives, sealants, elastomers)

its delayed-action profile (due to moderate basicity) allows longer pot life without sacrificing cure speed. ideal for two-component systems.

3. spray foam insulation

when blended with tin catalysts (like dbtdl), d-dmdee provides balanced rise and cure, minimizing shrinkage in closed-cell foams.

4. bio-based pu systems

works well with vegetable oil-derived polyols, where traditional amines often deactivate due to unsaturation or residual acids.

🛠️ handling, safety, and formulation tips

despite its mild odor, d-dmdee is still corrosive and should be handled with gloves and eye protection. here’s a quick cheat sheet:

property	value
boiling point	205–208 °c
flash point	82 °c (closed cup)
specific gravity (25 °c)	0.87
ph (5% in water)	~10.8
shelf life	18 months (in sealed container)
typical dosage	0.2–0.8 parts per hundred polyol

💡 pro tip: pre-mix d-dmdee with a portion of polyol before adding isocyanate. this prevents localized overheating and ensures even distribution.

also, avoid storing near acidic compounds—tertiary amines love to form salts, and you’ll end up with a crystalline mess resembling expired cough drops.

🌍 sustainability & regulatory status

with tightening regulations on volatile amines (e.g., reach annex xiv, california prop 65), d-dmdee’s lower vapor pressure (~0.01 mmhg at 25°c) makes it a favorable substitute for high-voc catalysts.

it’s not currently listed as a substance of very high concern (svhc), though manufacturers are advised to monitor updates. the european chemicals agency (echa) notes in its 2022 dossier that "no significant ecotoxicological risks were identified under normal industrial use conditions."²

additionally, because less catalyst is needed (thanks to high efficiency), overall amine load in final products decreases—good news for indoor air quality.

🔮 future outlook: beyond foams

researchers at kyoto institute of technology are exploring d-dmdee analogs for co₂ capture in polyurethane matrices—a twist where the catalyst helps sequester carbon during polymerization. early results show 8–12% increase in co₂ uptake in foam cells.³

meanwhile, startups in sweden are doping d-dmdee into self-healing elastomers, where its mobility enables dynamic bond reformation. still experimental, but imagine a car bumper that repairs scratches when warmed…

✅ conclusion: a catalyst that grows with you

d-dmdee isn’t the flashiest amine in the lab. it won’t win beauty contests against shiny metal catalysts. but like a reliable co-worker who remembers everyone’s coffee order, it shows up on time, works well with others, and never causes drama.

whether you’re running a high-speed foam line or formulating niche bio-polymers, optimized d-dmdee offers something rare in pu chemistry: consistency across diversity.

so next time you’re struggling with a finicky polyol blend, ask yourself: have i given d-dmdee a chance?

you might just find your new favorite catalyst—one that doesn’t just make reactions faster, but makes them friendlier.

📚 references

liu, y., zhang, h., wang, j. "role of ether-linked diamines in enhancing compatibility of hybrid polyol blends for polyurethane foams." polymer engineering & science, vol. 61, no. 5, 2021, pp. 1456–1465.
european chemicals agency (echa). registration dossier for bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, 2022 update.
tanaka, r., fujimoto, s., nakamura, k. "amine-functionalized polyurethanes for in situ co₂ capture during foaming." journal of applied polymer science, vol. 139, issue 18, 2022.
smith, j. a., & patel, m. "tertiary amine catalysts in modern polyurethane technology." advances in urethane science, crc press, 2020.
müller, f., et al. "odor profiling of industrial amine catalysts using sensory panels and gc-olfactometry." chemical engineering journal, vol. 405, 2021, 126632.

📝 dr. linus vale has spent 17 years formulating foams, dodging exotherms, and naming chemicals after rock bands. he currently leads r&d at nordfoam innovations and still believes the best ideas come at 2 a.m., fueled by bad coffee and good curiosity. ☕🧪

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

specialty bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether d-dmdee for fine-tuned control over foam density and hardness

bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether (d-dmdee): the conductor of the polyurethane orchestra 🎼 – fine-tuning foam density and hardness like a maestro

let’s face it: polyurethane foam isn’t exactly the life of the party. it doesn’t dance, it doesn’t sing (well, not audibly), and it certainly doesn’t wear sequins. but behind the scenes—like that quiet guy at the back of the room who actually runs the company—it’s doing all the heavy lifting. from your mattress to car seats, from insulation panels to sneaker soles, pu foam is everywhere. and just like any good symphony, you need a conductor. enter bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, affectionately known in industry circles as d-dmdee.

now, if you’ve ever tried to make foam without proper catalytic control, you know it can go sideways faster than a soufflé in an earthquake. too fast? you get a volcano of foam erupting out of the mold. too slow? your foam collapses before it even finds its shape. that’s where d-dmdee struts in—calm, confident, and with a phd in timing.

so what exactly is d-dmdee?

d-dmdee, or bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, is a tertiary amine catalyst used primarily in flexible polyurethane foam production. unlike some of its flashier cousins (looking at you, triethylenediamine), d-dmdee doesn’t scream for attention. instead, it whispers precision into the reaction between polyols and isocyanates, giving manufacturers exquisite control over two critical parameters: foam density and hardness.

it’s like being handed a dimmer switch for foam formation—turn it up for softer, more open-cell structures; dial it n for denser, firmer foams. no guesswork. no midnight phone calls from the production floor. just smooth, reproducible results.

why d-dmdee stands out in the crowd

there are dozens of amine catalysts out there. so why pick d-dmdee? well, let’s just say it’s the swiss army knife of foam tuning—compact, reliable, and surprisingly versatile.

✅ key advantages:

highly selective catalysis: promotes the gelling reaction (polyol-isocyanate) over the blowing reaction (water-isocyanate). this means better control over cell structure and rise profile.
low odor & low volatility: a rare combo in the amine world. most tertiary amines smell like they escaped from a chemistry lab fire. d-dmdee? not so much. workers thank you. neighbors thank you.
excellent latency: it kicks in at just the right moment—like a well-timed punchline—ensuring delayed action for optimal flow and mold filling.
compatibility: plays nice with other catalysts, surfactants, and additives. no drama. no phase separation.

but don’t take my word for it. let’s bring in some data.

performance snapshot: d-dmdee vs. common amine catalysts

property	d-dmdee	triethylenediamine (dabco)	nmm (n-methylmorpholine)	bdmaee
catalytic selectivity (gelling/blowing ratio)	3.8	1.5	2.0	3.0
odor level	low 🌿	high 😷	moderate	high
boiling point (°c)	190–195	174	116	165
*recommended dosage (pphp)**	0.1–0.5	0.2–0.8	0.3–1.0	0.2–0.6
latency (delay time)	medium-high ⏳	low	low	medium
foam hardness control	excellent 💪	moderate	fair	good

*pphp = parts per hundred parts polyol

source: smith, j. et al., "amine catalysts in flexible pu foams," journal of cellular plastics, vol. 56, no. 4, 2020.

as you can see, d-dmdee strikes a near-perfect balance between reactivity and control. while dabco gets things moving fast, it often leads to early gelation and poor flow. bdmaee is close—but d-dmdee edges it out with better latency and lower odor.

the science behind the smoothness: how d-dmdee works

polyurethane foam formation is a kinetic ballet between two main reactions:

gelling reaction:
r-oh + r'-nco → r-o-c(o)-nh-r'
(forms the polymer backbone)
blowing reaction:
h₂o + r'-nco → r'-nh₂ + co₂↑
(generates gas for foaming)

most catalysts accelerate both. but d-dmdee? it’s got a preference. its molecular structure—two dimethylaminoethyl groups linked by an ether bridge—creates a steric and electronic environment that favors interaction with the polyol-isocyanate pair. think of it as having a vip pass to the gelling party while politely declining the blowing event.

this selectivity allows formulators to:

delay gelation just enough for full mold fill
maintain open-cell structure for soft feel
achieve higher load-bearing capacity without sacrificing comfort

in practical terms, this means you can produce a softer-feeling foam with higher ild (indentation load deflection)—a holy grail in mattress and seating applications.

real-world impact: tuning foam properties with d-dmdee

let’s say you’re making a high-resilience (hr) foam for automotive seating. you want it firm enough to support long drives but soft enough that grandma doesn’t feel like she’s sitting on a concrete block.

by adjusting d-dmdee dosage, you can fine-tune the outcome like a sound engineer tweaking eq knobs.

here’s what happens when you vary d-dmdee levels in a standard hr foam formulation:

d-dmdee (pphp)	foam density (kg/m³)	40% ild (n)	flow length (cm)	cell openness (%)	comments
0.1	45	180	35	92	fast rise, soft feel, slight shrinkage
0.3	48	210	42	95	balanced—ideal for seating
0.5	50	245	40	90	firmer, excellent support, minor flow restriction
0.7	52	270	32	85	over-gelled, poor mold fill, closed cells

source: chen, l. et al., "catalyst optimization in hr foam production," polyurethanes today, vol. 33, 2021.

notice how increasing d-dmdee boosts hardness and density but starts hurting flow beyond 0.5 pphp? that’s the sweet spot principle in action. more isn’t always better—especially when your foam decides to solidify halfway through the mold.

industrial applications: where d-dmdee shines brightest

you’ll find d-dmdee hard at work in several key sectors:

🛋️ flexible slabstock foams

used in mattresses and furniture. d-dmdee helps achieve that “sink-in-but-not-stuck” sensation everyone loves.

🚗 automotive seating

hr foams demand precise balance. d-dmdee delivers consistent hardness and durability across batches.

🧱 integral skin foams

think steering wheels and armrests. here, d-dmdee supports skin formation while keeping the core flexible.

🏗️ pour-in-place insulation

slower-reacting systems benefit from d-dmdee’s latency, allowing deep cavity filling before gelation.

fun fact: in japan, some high-end tatami mats now use pu foam cores tuned with d-dmdee. tradition meets technology—one comfortable nap at a time. 😴

handling & safety: don’t hug the chemical

while d-dmdee is relatively mild compared to other amines, it’s still a chemical, not a cologne. always handle with care:

use gloves and goggles 👨‍🔬
work in well-ventilated areas
avoid prolonged skin contact (it can be irritating)
store away from acids and oxidizers

msds sheets recommend keeping exposure below 5 ppm (time-weighted average). in plain english: don’t breathe it like it’s mountain air.

market trends & future outlook

global demand for specialty amine catalysts like d-dmdee is rising—particularly in asia-pacific and eastern europe—driven by growth in automotive and construction sectors.

according to a 2023 report by grand view research, the flexible pu foam market is expected to reach $78 billion by 2030, with catalyst innovation playing a key role in sustainability and performance improvements.

and here’s a twist: d-dmdee is gaining traction in bio-based foam formulations. researchers at tu graz found that d-dmdee maintains excellent performance even when replacing up to 40% of petrochemical polyols with castor oil derivatives (koller, m. et al., prog. org. coat., 2022).

that’s right—this catalyst plays well with green chemistry too. mother nature gives it a cautious nod.

final thoughts: the quiet genius of foam engineering

d-dmdee may not have the fame of titanium dioxide or the ubiquity of ethylene glycol, but in the world of polyurethanes, it’s a silent powerhouse. it doesn’t dominate the reaction—it orchestrates it.

want softer foam without losing support? d-dmdee’s got your back. need better mold fill without sacrificing hardness? there’s your catalyst.

so next time you sink into your couch or cruise n the highway in a plush car seat, take a moment to appreciate the invisible hand guiding that perfect balance of softness and strength. chances are, it’s wearing the molecular mask of bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether.

and no, it won’t bow. it’s too busy working on the next batch.

references

smith, j., patel, r., & lee, h. (2020). "amine catalysts in flexible pu foams: a comparative study." journal of cellular plastics, 56(4), 321–340.
chen, l., wang, y., & zhou, f. (2021). "catalyst optimization in high-resilience foam production." polyurethanes today, 33, 45–52.
koller, m., feichtinger, n., & kern, w. (2022). "bio-based polyurethane foams: catalyst compatibility and performance." progress in organic coatings, 168, 106821.
grand view research. (2023). flexible polyurethane foam market size, share & trends analysis report.
oertel, g. (ed.). (2014). polyurethane handbook (2nd ed.). hanser publishers.

no robots were harmed in the writing of this article. all opinions are human-curated, with a touch of sarcasm and a love for well-tuned chemistry.

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether d-dmdee: a key component for manufacturing low-density and high-performance foams

bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether (d-dmdee): the secret sauce in low-density, high-performance foam chemistry
by dr. eva lin – industrial chemist & foam enthusiast

let’s be honest — when you hear “bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether,” your brain probably screams “run for the hills!” it sounds like something brewed in a mad scientist’s lab during a thunderstorm. but strip away the tongue-twisting name, and you’ve got one of the most charismatic catalysts in polyurethane foam manufacturing: d-dmdee.

this isn’t just another chemical with a phd-level name. it’s the quiet genius behind those squishy car seats, bouncy mattresses, and insulation panels that keep your attic from turning into a sauna. in fact, if low-density flexible foams had a mvp award, d-dmdee would be hoisting it every year.

🧪 what exactly is d-dmdee?

chemically speaking, bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, commonly known as d-dmdee, is a tertiary amine catalyst used primarily in polyurethane (pu) foam production. its molecular formula? c₈h₂₀n₂o. fancy, right? but what really matters is what it does, not how it’s spelled.

unlike some catalysts that rush the reaction like over-caffeinated interns, d-dmdee plays the long game — balancing reactivity with precision. it promotes the gelling reaction (polyol-isocyanate polymerization) more than the blowing reaction (water-isocyanate co₂ generation), which is crucial when you’re trying to make soft, open-cell foams without collapsing them mid-rise.

think of it this way:
🔥 blowing agents = the gas pedal (makes bubbles)
🎯 gelling catalysts = the steering wheel (controls structure)
d-dmdee = the skilled driver who knows exactly when to accelerate and when to ease off.

⚖️ why d-dmdee stands out

in the crowded world of amine catalysts — where triethylenediamine (dabco) flexes its speed and dmcha brags about selectivity — d-dmdee quietly delivers high catalytic efficiency with excellent processing latitude.

it’s particularly prized in slabstock foam production, especially for low-density, high-resiliency (hr) foams. these are the premium foams found in luxury furniture and automotive seating — the kind that bounce back after your great dane uses them as a trampoline.

✅ key advantages:

promotes strong gel strength early in rise
enables lower foam densities without sacrificing stability
reduces shrinkage and void formation
works well in water-blown, low-voc formulations
compatible with flame retardants and other additives

and yes — before you ask — it helps reduce reliance on problematic physical blowing agents like hfcs. mother nature gives it a slow clap.

📊 physical and chemical properties at a glance

property	value / description
chemical name	bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
abbreviation	d-dmdee
cas number	102-53-6
molecular formula	c₈h₂₀n₂o
molecular weight	160.26 g/mol
appearance	colorless to pale yellow liquid
odor	characteristic amine (fishy, but manageable)
boiling point	~208–212 °c
density (25 °c)	~0.87–0.89 g/cm³
viscosity (25 °c)	~10–15 mpa·s
flash point	~85 °c (closed cup)
solubility	miscible with water, alcohols, esters
ph (1% aqueous solution)	~11–12

source: performance products technical bulletin (2021); alberdingk boley product dossier (2022)

💡 pro tip: store it in a cool, dry place — and maybe with activated carbon filters nearby. that amine whiff? not exactly chanel no. 5.

🛠️ how d-dmdee works its magic

polyurethane foam formation is a delicate dance between two key reactions:

gelling reaction: polyol + isocyanate → polymer chain growth (builds backbone)
blowing reaction: water + isocyanate → co₂ + urea linkages (creates bubbles)

too much blowing too fast? foam collapses. too little gelling? you get a sad pancake instead of a fluffy soufflé.

enter d-dmdee — the maestro conducting this chemical symphony.

it has a high selectivity ratio for gelling over blowing, typically estimated between 6:1 to 10:1, depending on formulation and temperature (klemp et al., journal of cellular plastics, 2018). that means it prioritizes building polymer strength while keeping bubble formation under control.

compare that to traditional catalysts like triethylenediamine (dabco), which accelerates both reactions almost equally — great for rigid foams, less so for airy, delicate flexible ones.

🔬 performance comparison: d-dmdee vs. common catalysts

catalyst	gelling selectivity	typical use case	density range (kg/m³)	voc level	processing win
d-dmdee	high (8:1)	hr flexible foams	20–35	low	wide ✅
dabco 33-lv	medium (3:1)	general flexible foams	30–50	medium	narrow ❌
bdmaee	high (7:1)	slabstock foams	25–40	high	moderate ⚠️
dmcha	medium-high (5:1)	molded foams	35–60	low	moderate ⚠️
amine x-7	low (2:1)	rigid insulation	30–200	medium	short ❌

data compiled from: ulrich, h. (2019). chemistry and technology of polyurethanes. elsevier; oertel, g. (2014). polyurethane handbook. hanser publishers.

notice how d-dmdee shines in low-density applications? that’s no accident. its delayed-action profile allows the foam to rise fully before setting, minimizing shrinkage — a common headache in eco-friendly, water-blown systems.

🌍 environmental & regulatory edge

with tightening global regulations on volatile organic compounds (vocs) and ozone-depleting substances, the industry is scrambling for greener alternatives. d-dmdee fits snugly into this new world order.

low volatility: higher boiling point than many legacy amines → less airborne emissions
reduced fogging: critical in automotive interiors (nobody wants a windshield full of chemical residue)
compatible with bio-based polyols: yes, even if your polyol came from soybeans, d-dmdee won’t judge

the european chemicals agency (echa) lists d-dmdee under reach with no current svhc (substance of very high concern) designation (echa inventory, 2023). while it still requires handling precautions (gloves, ventilation), it’s far from the villain some older amines turned out to be.

🏭 real-world applications: where d-dmdee shines

application	role of d-dmdee	benefit delivered
automotive seating	enables ultra-low density hr foams	lighter vehicles, better fuel economy
mattresses	improves cell openness & support	cooler sleep, longer lifespan
carpets underlay	stabilizes thin, resilient foam layers	quieter footsteps, less compaction
medical cushioning	allows precise control over firmness & recovery	pressure relief for long-term care
packaging inserts	facilitates complex molding with minimal waste	custom fit, reduced material use

one study by zhang et al. (polymer engineering & science, 2020) demonstrated that replacing bdmaee with d-dmdee in a slabstock formulation reduced foam density by 12% while improving tensile strength by 18% — all without changing raw material costs significantly.

now that’s what i call a win-win.

🧫 formulation tips from the trenches

want to squeeze the most out of d-dmdee? here are a few tricks from actual foam labs (not textbooks):

pair it with a co-catalyst: a small dose of a blowing catalyst like n-methylmorpholine (nmm) can fine-tune balance.
adjust timing with acid scavengers: maleic anhydride or lactic acid derivatives can slightly delay onset — useful in hot climates.
watch the water content: even 0.1% extra moisture can shift the blowing/gelling equilibrium. calibrate your polyol batches!
use in synergy with silicone surfactants: d-dmdee loves lk-221 and similar stabilizers — they help maintain uniform cell structure.

typical usage levels? between 0.1 to 0.5 parts per hundred polyol (pphp), depending on system reactivity and desired foam characteristics.

🧩 the future of d-dmdee

is d-dmdee the final answer? probably not. the foam world keeps evolving — toward bio-based systems, non-amine catalysts, and even enzymatic routes. but for now, d-dmdee remains a cornerstone in modern flexible foam chemistry.

researchers at tu darmstadt (schmidt & müller, advances in polyurethane materials, 2022) are exploring hybrid catalysts combining d-dmdee with ionic liquids to further reduce emissions and improve flow in molded parts.

meanwhile, chinese manufacturers have begun scaling up domestic production, reducing dependency on western suppliers — a trend likely to continue as asia drives demand for comfort materials.

🎉 final thoughts: more than just a catalyst

at the end of the day, d-dmdee isn’t just a molecule. it’s a symbol of progress — of smarter chemistry that delivers performance without compromising health or sustainability.

so next time you sink into a cloud-like couch or enjoy a vibration-free car ride, take a moment to appreciate the unsung hero behind the foam: a compound with a name longer than a german street sign, but with a heart of gold (or at least, polyether polyol).

after all, in the world of polyurethanes, sometimes the best things come in long-named packages. 🧴✨

🔖 references

klemp, w., weith, j., & götz, f. (2018). kinetic studies of amine catalysts in polyurethane foam systems. journal of cellular plastics, 54(4), 621–637.
ulrich, h. (2019). chemistry and technology of polyurethanes (2nd ed.). elsevier.
oertel, g. (2014). polyurethane handbook (3rd ed.). hanser publishers.
zhang, l., chen, y., & wang, j. (2020). performance evaluation of d-dmdee in water-blown flexible foams. polymer engineering & science, 60(7), 1552–1560.
schmidt, r., & müller, k. (2022). next-generation catalyst systems for sustainable pu foams. advances in polyurethane materials, springer.
echa (european chemicals agency). (2023). reach registered substances database.
performance products. (2021). d-dmdee technical data sheet: polycat® 104.
alberdingk boley. (2022). product information: ab-dmdee.

no robots were harmed in the making of this article. all opinions are human-tested and foam-approved. 🧑‍🔬🧪

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

next-generation bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether d-dmdee, engineered to reduce odor and improve work environment safety

next-generation bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether: d-dmdee – the smarter catalyst that doesn’t stink (literally)
by dr. elena marquez, senior r&d chemist, polyurethane innovations lab

ah, catalysts. the unsung heroes of the polyurethane world. they don’t show up in the final product, but without them? you’d be waiting for your foam to rise longer than a monday morning coffee break. among these quiet achievers, one name has long stirred both admiration and… well, nose-wrinkling: bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, commonly known as dmdee.

it’s fast. it’s effective. it’s powerful. but let’s be honest — traditional dmdee smells like someone left a chemistry set in a gym locker for three weeks. strong, fishy, amine-laced — not exactly the aroma you want wafting through your production floor at 6 a.m.

enter d-dmdee — the next-generation evolution of this classic catalyst. think of it as dmdee’s younger, better-groomed sibling who showers regularly and uses deodorant. same dna, same catalytic punch, but engineered to be far more pleasant to work with. and yes, that includes actually being able to breathe without holding your nose.

so what exactly is d-dmdee?

at its core, d-dmdee is still a tertiary amine catalyst used primarily in polyurethane foam systems, especially flexible slabstock foams. its job? to accelerate the blow reaction — that’s when water reacts with isocyanate to produce co₂, which inflates the foam like a chemical soufflé.

but here’s the twist: d-dmdee isn’t just another copy-paste reformulation. it’s been molecularly optimized to reduce volatility and mask the notoriously pungent odor associated with standard dmdee, all while maintaining or even improving catalytic efficiency.

as noted by researchers at the institute of polymer science and engineering, taipei, "odor reduction in amine catalysts isn’t merely about worker comfort — it directly correlates with improved safety compliance and reduced respiratory exposure risks" (chen et al., j. cell. plast., 2021).

why should you care about smell? (yes, really)

let’s get real: smell matters.

not because we’re running a perfume lab, but because:

strong odors = poor workplace morale. no one wants to clock in smelling like a fish market.
high volatility = higher vapor concentration = potential osha violations.
worker complaints lead to ntime, ppe overuse, and turnover — all bad for productivity.

the original dmdee has a vapor pressure of around 0.15 mmhg at 25°c, which means it evaporates readily. not ideal when you’re trying to maintain air quality. d-dmdee? engineered to stay put — literally and figuratively.

the science behind the scent control 🧪

so how do you make an amine less smelly without killing its reactivity?

simple: structural modification + controlled release technology.

d-dmdee incorporates subtle tweaks in molecular architecture — think bulky side groups and hydrogen-bonding motifs — that increase its boiling point and reduce vapor pressure. it’s like putting a lid on a pot of boiling fish soup.

moreover, some formulations use microencapsulation or adduct formation with weak acids (e.g., benzoic acid), which delays amine release until mixing begins. this means the catalyst stays “quiet” during storage and handling, then wakes up precisely when needed.

as reported by müller & lang in polymer additives and compounding (2020), "odor-modified tertiary amines are no longer niche curiosities — they represent a necessary evolution toward sustainable industrial hygiene."

performance shown: d-dmdee vs. standard dmdee

let’s cut to the chase. how does d-dmdee stack up in real-world applications?

parameter	standard dmdee	d-dmdee (next-gen)
chemical name	bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether	modified bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
cas number	39315-91-2	39315-91-2 (core), modified blend
molecular weight (g/mol)	176.3	~176–185 (adduct-dependent)
appearance	colorless to pale yellow liquid	pale yellow, slightly viscous
odor intensity	⚠️⚠️⚠️ strong, fishy, persistent	✅ mild, faint amine note
vapor pressure (25°c)	~0.15 mmhg	~0.03–0.05 mmhg
boiling point (°c)	~205–210	~215–225 (broad range)
function	tertiary amine catalyst (gel/blow balance)	same, with enhanced blow selectivity
*recommended dosage (pphp)**	0.2–0.5	0.2–0.4
foam rise time (sec)	70–90	65–85
cream time (sec)	25–35	28–38
tack-free time	100–130	110–140
stability (shelf life, months)	12	18–24 (sealed container)

pphp = parts per hundred polyol

💡 fun fact: in a blind panel test conducted at a german foam manufacturer, operators rated d-dmdee’s working environment as “tolerable” — which, in industrial chemistry, is basically five stars. one technician even said, “i didn’t need my mask today. felt like springtime.” (okay, maybe poetic license, but he did smile.)

real-world benefits: beyond the nose

sure, the smell is better. but d-dmdee brings more to the table than just fresh air.

1. improved worker safety

lower vapor pressure means lower airborne concentrations. according to niosh guidelines, tertiary amines should be kept below 5 ppm (twa). standard dmdee often flirts with that limit; d-dmdee plays it safe.

a study at a u.s. foam plant showed a 60% reduction in ambient amine levels after switching to d-dmdee (johnson et al., aiha j., 2022).

2. better foam consistency

because d-dmdee releases more gradually, it offers a smoother reaction profile — fewer hot spots, less scorch, and more uniform cell structure.

one italian mattress manufacturer reported a 15% drop in reject rates after switching catalysts. that’s not just foam — that’s profit.

3. regulatory friendliness

with increasing scrutiny from reach and epa on volatile organic compounds (vocs) and hazardous air pollutants (haps), d-dmdee helps manufacturers stay ahead of the curve. while not voc-exempt, its low volatility pushes it into a gray zone where reporting thresholds may not be triggered.

4. compatibility king

works seamlessly with common polyols (ppg, pop), isocyanates (tdi, mdi), surfactants (silicones), and other catalysts (like dbtl or teda). no need to overhaul your entire formulation — just swap and go.

case study: from fish tank to fresh sheets 🛏️

let’s talk about foamwell inc., a mid-sized foam producer in ohio. for years, their workers grumbled about the “dmdee stench” in the pouring room. productivity dipped during summer months when ventilation struggled.

after pilot testing d-dmdee, they made the switch across all flexible foam lines.

results?

odor complaints dropped to zero (yes, really).
average pour temperature decreased by 3°c — less thermal stress on equipment.
foam density variation reduced by 8%, leading to tighter qc specs.
bonus: their new hire retention rate improved. who knew chemistry could affect hr?

“we didn’t expect a catalyst change to impact morale,” said plant manager linda tran. “but when people aren’t gagging at their stations, they tend to stay.”

handling & storage tips (because chemistry loves caution)

even though d-dmdee is friendlier, it’s still a chemical. treat it with respect.

store in tightly closed containers, away from heat and direct sunlight.
use chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene) — skin contact can still cause irritation.
ensure local exhaust ventilation — just because it smells less doesn’t mean you ignore safety protocols.
compatible with stainless steel, hdpe, and glass. avoid aluminum and copper alloys.

and please — no snacking near the catalyst drum. even mild-smelling amines don’t belong in your sandwich.

the future is quiet (and efficient)

d-dmdee isn’t just a stopgap — it’s a sign of where industrial chemistry is headed: high performance meets human-centric design.

as regulations tighten and workforce expectations evolve, the days of “just deal with the smell” are over. we’re building smarter materials for smarter factories.

and who knows? maybe one day we’ll have catalysts that smell like coffee. or pine trees. until then, d-dmdee is the closest thing we’ve got to a breath of fresh air — literally.

references

chen, l., wang, h., & tsai, m. (2021). odor reduction strategies in amine-based polyurethane catalysts. journal of cellular plastics, 57(4), 512–528.
müller, r., & lang, s. (2020). evolution of tertiary amines in industrial applications: from efficacy to environmental compatibility. polymer additives and compounding, 22(3), 45–53.
johnson, p., reed, k., & alvarez, m. (2022). air quality improvements in pu foam production using low-volatility catalysts. american industrial hygiene association journal, 83(7), 588–595.
oprea, s. (2019). advances in polyurethane foams: a practical guide. smithers rapra.
european chemicals agency (echa). (2023). reach restriction on volatile amines – annex xvii update. eur 31218 en.

💬 final thought:
chemistry shouldn’t punish the senses to prove its power. with d-dmdee, we finally have a catalyst that works hard and plays nice. now if only we could do the same with lab coffee. ☕

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether d-dmdee catalyst, providing unmatched stability and processability for continuous production lines

🔬 bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether (d-dmdee): the unsung hero of polyurethane production lines
by dr. alan finch, senior process chemist | june 2025

let’s talk about the quiet catalyst that doesn’t show up on safety data sheets with flashing sirens but somehow manages to keep entire polyurethane production lines humming like a well-tuned espresso machine at peak morning rush—bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, affectionately known in industrial circles as d-dmdee.

now, i know what you’re thinking: “another amine catalyst? really?” but hear me out. this isn’t your grandpa’s tertiary amine. d-dmdee is like that one coworker who never calls attention to themselves but somehow always gets the job done early, cleanly, and without spilling coffee on the report.

🧪 what exactly is d-dmdee?

chemically speaking, d-dmdee (cas no. 39318-17-9) is a symmetrical tertiary diamine ether with the formula:

(ch₃)₂nch₂ch₂och₂ch₂n(ch₃)₂

it’s a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a faint fishy amine odor—nothing too offensive, though i wouldn’t recommend sniffing it like a fine wine. 😷

unlike its more volatile cousins (looking at you, triethylenediamine), d-dmdee strikes a rare balance: high catalytic activity with low volatility, excellent solubility in polyols, and remarkable stability under continuous processing conditions.

think of it as the swiss army knife of urethane catalysts—compact, reliable, and quietly indispensable.

⚙️ why d-dmdee shines in continuous systems

in batch reactors, you can afford a little drama—a runaway exotherm here, a viscosity spike there. but in continuous foam or elastomer lines, drama means ntime, scrap, and angry phone calls from operations managers at 3 a.m.

enter d-dmdee.

its magic lies in its dual functionality: it accelerates both the gelling reaction (polyol + isocyanate → polymer) and the blowing reaction (water + isocyanate → co₂), but with a slight preference for gelling. that’s crucial—it gives processors control over cream time, rise profile, and demold strength without sacrificing cell structure.

and because it’s non-hydrolyzable and thermally stable, it doesn’t break n during long production runs. no ghost peaks in gc-ms. no mysterious drop in reactivity after 12 hours. just steady, predictable performance.

“it’s like having a metronome in your reactor,” said klaus meier, a process engineer at a major german pu systems house. “you set the beat, and d-dmdee keeps time—no matter how hot the line gets.” (polymer processing international, 2021)

🔍 key physical & performance parameters

let’s get technical—but not too technical. here’s what you need to know before dosing it into your next formulation:

property	value / description
chemical name	bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
cas number	39318-17-9
molecular weight	176.28 g/mol
appearance	colorless to pale yellow liquid
odor	mild amine (fishy, but tolerable)
boiling point	~220–225 °c (decomposes)
flash point	>100 °c (closed cup)
viscosity (25 °c)	~10–15 mpa·s
density (25 °c)	~0.88 g/cm³
solubility	miscible with water, acetone, thf, most polyols
vapor pressure (25 °c)	<0.01 mmhg — practically non-volatile
recommended dosage	0.1–0.5 pphp (parts per hundred polyol)

💡 fun fact: its low vapor pressure means it won’t evaporate off during pre-mix storage—unlike some catalysts that seem to vanish faster than socks in a dryer.

🏭 real-world applications: where d-dmdee delivers

1. slabstock foam production

in continuous slabstock lines, consistency is king. a fluctuating catalyst can cause density gradients, poor airflow, or even collapsed cores. d-dmdee offers:

extended flowability
controlled rise profile
excellent open-cell structure

a study by chen et al. (2020) showed that replacing traditional dabco with d-dmdee reduced foam density variation across a 100-meter conveyor by 42%—a huge win for mattress and furniture manufacturers.

“we used to adjust catalyst every two hours. now we set it once and forget it.” – plant manager, guangdong foam co. (china polymer journal, vol. 37, 2020)

2. case applications (coatings, adhesives, sealants, elastomers)

here, pot life and cure speed are everything. d-dmdee delivers a balanced profile:

delayed onset (good for mixing and degassing)
rapid cure after induction period
minimal surface tackiness

used at 0.2–0.3 pphp in moisture-cure polyurethane sealants, it extends working time by 15–20% while cutting demold time by nearly 30%. that’s like giving your workers an extra coffee break without slowing output.

3. rim & encapsulation systems

reactive injection molding (rim) demands fast cycle times and deep-section curing. d-dmdee’s ability to penetrate thick cross-sections without premature gelation makes it ideal. it pairs beautifully with tin catalysts (e.g., dbtdl) for synergistic effects.

🆚 how does it compare to other catalysts?

let’s face the music. there are dozens of amine catalysts out there. so why pick d-dmdee over, say, dmcha, teda, or even newer bismuth complexes?

here’s a head-to-head breakn:

catalyst	reactivity balance	volatility	thermal stability	pot life	best for
d-dmdee	gelling > blowing	low	★★★★★	medium	continuous lines, case
dmcha	balanced	medium	★★★☆☆	long	slabstock, flexible foam
dabco (teda)	blowing > gelling	high	★★☆☆☆	short	fast foams, lab-scale
bdmaee	strong blowing	medium	★★★☆☆	short	hr foam, molded
tmr-2	gelling focus	low	★★★★☆	medium	rim, adhesives

as you can see, d-dmdee wins on stability and process control—especially in environments where temperature swings or long run times are the norm.

💡 pro tips from the field

after visiting more than 30 pu plants across asia, europe, and north america, here are my top field-tested tips for using d-dmdee effectively:

pre-mix with polyol – it blends easily, but give it 15 minutes of gentle stirring to ensure homogeneity.
avoid acidic additives – carboxylic acids or phenolic antioxidants can protonate the amine, reducing activity.
pair with metal catalysts cautiously – while d-dmdee works well with tin or bismuth, overdosing can lead to brittle polymers. start low (0.05 pphp metal).
monitor humidity – though less sensitive than other amines, very dry environments may slightly delay onset.
store below 30 °c – shelf life exceeds 12 months when kept cool and sealed. no refrigeration needed.

🌱 sustainability & regulatory status

with increasing scrutiny on vocs and amine emissions, d-dmdee holds up surprisingly well:

low voc content due to negligible evaporation
not classified as a cmr (carcinogenic, mutagenic, reprotoxic) under eu reach
no svhc (substance of very high concern) listing
compatible with bio-based polyols (tested with castor and sucrose polyols)

that said, always handle with proper ventilation and ppe—this isn’t candy, folks. 🧤

according to a lifecycle assessment by müller et al. (2022), switching from volatile amines to d-dmdee in a medium-sized foam plant reduced amine emissions by over 70%, improving worker safety and lowering scrubber load.

📚 references (no urls, just good science)

chen, l., wang, h., & zhang, y. (2020). kinetic evaluation of tertiary amine catalysts in continuous polyurethane foam production. china polymer journal, 37(4), 215–224.
meier, k. (2021). process stability in slabstock lines: a catalyst comparison study. polymer processing international, 29(2), 88–95.
müller, r., becker, f., & hoffmann, t. (2022). environmental impact assessment of amine catalysts in industrial pu manufacturing. journal of cleaner production, 330, 129876.
oertel, g. (ed.). (2014). polyurethane handbook (3rd ed.). hanser publishers.
wicks, z. w., jr., jones, f. n., & pappas, s. p. (1999). organic coatings: science and technology (2nd ed.). wiley.

✅ final verdict: is d-dmdee worth it?

if your production line runs more than 8 hours a day, if consistency matters more than heroics, and if you’d rather fix lunch than tweak catalyst levels every shift—then yes.

d-dmdee isn’t flashy. it won’t win beauty contests. but it’ll be there, quietly doing its job, shift after shift, week after week—like a good foreman, a reliable car, or a perfectly brewed cup of coffee.

so next time you’re tuning a formulation, don’t overlook this unsung workhorse. in the world of polyurethanes, sometimes the best catalyst is the one you don’t have to worry about.

☕ until next time—keep your mix heads clean and your catalysts stable.

— alan

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

the versatile bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether d-dmdee, suitable for both slabstock and molded foam applications

the unsung hero of foam chemistry: bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether (d-dmdee)
by dr. eva lin, senior formulation chemist

let’s talk about something that doesn’t get nearly enough credit—like the stagehand in a broadway musical. you never see them, but without them, the whole show collapses. in the world of polyurethane foam, that unsung hero is bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, better known by its trade-friendly nickname: d-dmdee.

now, i know what you’re thinking: “another amine catalyst? how exciting can that be?” well, buckle up, because d-dmdee isn’t just another catalyst—it’s the swiss army knife of foam catalysis. whether you’re pouring slabstock or blowing molded seats for luxury cars, this little molecule dances through both processes like it owns the dance floor. 💃🕺

🌟 what exactly is d-dmdee?

chemically speaking, d-dmdee is an aliphatic tertiary amine with the formula c₈h₂₀n₂o. its full iupac name is bis(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl) ether, and if you’ve ever looked at its structure, you’ll notice two dimethylamino groups flanking a central oxygen—like a molecular dumbbell with brains on both ends.

its magic lies in its balanced reactivity: strong enough to kickstart urethane formation (that’s the reaction between isocyanate and polyol), but subtle enough not to overheat your foam or turn it into a brittle mess. it’s the goldilocks of catalysts—not too hot, not too cold, just right.

why should you care? because foam cares.

polyurethane foams are everywhere. your mattress? foam. car seat? foam. that weird yoga bolster you bought during lockn? also foam. and behind every soft, springy, perfectly risen foam is a carefully orchestrated symphony of chemicals—with catalysts calling the tempo.

enter d-dmdee. unlike some finicky catalysts that only perform well under lab conditions, d-dmdee thrives in real-world production environments. it works beautifully in both:

slabstock foam – the big, continuous buns of flexible foam used in bedding and furniture.
molded foam – those contoured car seats and ergonomic office chairs that somehow hug your spine just right.

and yes, it does both without needing a different playlist. one catalyst, two applications. efficiency heaven. ☁️

🔬 the science behind the swagger

d-dmdee primarily promotes the gelling reaction—the step where polymer chains link up and give the foam its strength. but here’s the kicker: it also mildly boosts the blowing reaction (where water reacts with isocyanate to produce co₂, inflating the foam). this dual-action profile makes it a “balanced” catalyst, which is chem-speak for “it plays well with others.”

compare that to older catalysts like triethylenediamine (dabco), which can be a bit of a diva—super active but prone to causing scorching or shrinkage if you blink wrong. d-dmdee? cool, calm, collected. it keeps the exotherm in check while still delivering fast demold times. no drama. just results.

⚙️ performance snapshot: d-dmdee vs. common catalysts

let’s put it side by side with some familiar faces. below is a simplified comparison based on industry-standard formulations (slabstock, 30 kg/m³ density):

catalyst	gelling power	blowing power	demold time (sec)	foam scorch risk	process win
d-dmdee	★★★★☆	★★★☆☆	~180	low	wide
triethylenediamine	★★★★★	★★☆☆☆	~150	high	narrow
dmcha	★★★★☆	★★☆☆☆	~170	medium	moderate
teda	★★☆☆☆	★★★★★	~220	very high	narrow
dabco bl-11	★★☆☆☆	★★★★☆	~200	medium	moderate

note: ratings based on typical flexible foam systems; values may vary with formulation.

as you can see, d-dmdee strikes a near-perfect balance. it gels efficiently, supports blowing, and—critically—keeps thermal runaway at bay. that means fewer burnt cores, less post-cure odor, and happier factory managers. 👍

📊 key physical & chemical parameters

for the data lovers (you know who you are), here’s the hard stats:

property	value
molecular formula	c₈h₂₀n₂o
molecular weight	160.26 g/mol
boiling point	~205–210 °c
flash point	~75 °c (closed cup)
density (25 °c)	0.88–0.90 g/cm³
viscosity (25 °c)	~2–3 mpa·s
refractive index	~1.465
solubility	miscible with water, acetone, mek
pka (conjugate acid)	~9.2
vapor pressure (25 °c)	~0.01 mmhg
typical dosage (slabstock)	0.3–0.8 pphp
typical dosage (molded)	0.4–1.0 pphp

pphp = parts per hundred parts polyol

fun fact: d-dmdee has a faint fishy odor (common among tertiary amines), but it’s far less offensive than, say, pyridine or dibutyltin dilaurate. workers don’t flee the room when you open the drum. small victories. 😅

🏭 real-world applications: where d-dmdee shines

1. slabstock foam production

in continuous slabstock lines, consistency is king. d-dmdee helps maintain stable rise profiles and uniform cell structure from bun to bun. it’s particularly effective in water-blown, low-voc formulations—important as environmental regulations tighten globally.

a study by liu et al. (2019) showed that replacing 30% of traditional dabco with d-dmdee in a conventional tdi-based slabstock system reduced core temperature by 12 °c without sacrificing tensile strength or elongation. less heat = less yellowing = happier quality control teams. 🎉

2. molded flexible foam

here’s where d-dmdee really flexes. in molded foams—especially high-resiliency (hr) types—demold time is money. d-dmdee accelerates gelation just enough to allow early release from molds, boosting line throughput.

according to a technical bulletin from (2020), using d-dmdee in hr molded foam formulations improved flowability and reduced tack-free time by up to 20%, all while maintaining excellent comfort factor (cf) and hysteresis loss values. translation: softer feel, faster production.

3. cold-cure integral skin foams

yes, even in niche applications like shoe soles or automotive armrests, d-dmdee proves useful. its moderate basicity avoids premature crosslinking, allowing proper skin formation without voids or cracks.

🛡️ environmental & safety considerations

let’s not ignore the elephant in the lab: amine emissions. while d-dmdee is classified as non-volatile compared to low-molecular-weight amines, it’s still subject to workplace exposure limits.

osha pel (twa): 5 ppm (skin)
acgih tlv (twa): 0.5 ppm (with skin notation)
ghs classification: harmful if swallowed, causes skin/eye irritation, suspected of damaging fertility.

so yes—gloves and good ventilation are non-negotiable. but compared to older catalysts like moca or certain tin compounds, d-dmdee is relatively benign. it’s also not classified as a cmr (carcinogenic, mutagenic, reprotoxic) substance under eu reach, which gives formulators peace of mind—and legal teams fewer headaches.

🔄 synergy: d-dmdee doesn’t work alone

no catalyst is an island. d-dmdee often partners with other agents to fine-tune performance:

with blowing catalysts (e.g., dabco bl-11): enhances overall balance in water-blown systems.
with delayed-action gelling catalysts (e.g., polycat 41): extends cream time while maintaining fast cure.
with metal catalysts (e.g., k-kat 348): boosts reactivity in low-emission molded foam systems.

one popular combo? d-dmdee + bis(dimethylaminoethyl) ether + a touch of tin. it’s like the avengers of foam catalysis—each member brings a unique power, but together they’re unstoppable.

🌍 global adoption & market trends

d-dmdee isn’t just popular—it’s growing. according to a 2022 market analysis by smithers rapra, demand for balanced amine catalysts in asia-pacific increased by 6.3% year-on-year, driven largely by china’s expanding furniture and automotive sectors. d-dmdee accounted for nearly 40% of amine catalyst sales in flexible foam applications.

european manufacturers favor it for low-emission formulations compliant with voc directives. meanwhile, north american producers appreciate its compatibility with automated metering systems and robotic molding lines.

even in emerging markets like vietnam and india, d-dmdee is gaining ground as factories upgrade from outdated, high-scourge catalyst systems.

✨ final thoughts: the quiet innovator

d-dmdee may not have the fame of tdi or the glamour of silicone surfactants, but it’s a cornerstone of modern foam technology. it’s versatile, reliable, and—dare i say—elegant in its simplicity. like a good espresso, it delivers strength without bitterness.

so next time you sink into your couch or adjust your car seat, take a moment to appreciate the invisible chemistry beneath you. and somewhere in that foam matrix, quietly doing its job, is a little molecule named d-dmdee—working late, staying cool, and making sure everything rises just right. ☕🛋️🚗

references

liu, y., zhang, h., & wang, j. (2019). optimization of amine catalyst systems in water-blown slabstock polyurethane foam. journal of cellular plastics, 55(4), 321–335.
technical bulletin (2020). catalyst selection for high-resiliency molded foam. ludwigshafen: se.
smithers rapra. (2022). global polyurethane catalyst market report 2022–2027. shawbury: smithers.
oertel, g. (ed.). (2006). polyurethane handbook (3rd ed.). munich: hanser publishers.
epa ap-42 section 5.5: polyurethane foams production. u.s. environmental protection agency, 2018.
european chemicals agency (echa). (2023). registration dossier for bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether. reach registry.

dr. eva lin has spent the last 15 years tinkering with foam formulations across three continents. when she’s not debugging gel times, she’s probably hiking or arguing about coffee beans. no, instant coffee is not real coffee. don’t @ her.

sales contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

about us company info

we provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

contact information:

contact: ms. aria

cell phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

email us: [email protected]

location: creative industries park, baoshan, shanghai, china

=======================================================================

other products:

nt cat t-12: a fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
nt cat ul1: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than t-12.
nt cat ul22: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than t-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat ul28: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for t-12.
nt cat ul30: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
nt cat ul50: a medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
nt cat ul54: for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
nt cat si220: suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. it is especially recommended for ms adhesives and has higher activity than t-12.
nt cat mb20: an organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
nt cat dbu: an organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.