PU Technology – Page 37

Polyisocyanurate Reaction Promoter: TMR-2 Catalyst Effectively Forming Isocyanurate Rings for Enhanced Fire and Heat Resistance

Polyisocyanurate Reaction Promoter: TMR-2 Catalyst – The Ringmaster of Fireproof Foams 🎪🔥

Let’s talk about chemistry with a twist—literally. Imagine a world where your insulation foam doesn’t just keep the cold out but also laughs in the face of flames. That’s not science fiction; that’s polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam, and behind its fire-resistant bravado stands a quiet hero: TMR-2 catalyst.

Now, you might be thinking, “Another catalyst? How special can it be?” Well, buckle up. Because TMR-2 isn’t just any promoter—it’s the maestro conducting a molecular symphony to form isocyanurate rings, those three-nitrogen, six-membered heroes of thermal stability. And if you’re into buildings that don’t go up like matchsticks during a fire drill, this little compound deserves a standing ovation 👏.

🔥 Why Isocyanurate? Or: The Art of Ring Formation

Before we dive into TMR-2, let’s rewind. Polyurethane (PU) foams have long been the go-to for insulation. But when heat cranks up, they tend to… well, melt. Not ideal if your building code requires more than a prayer against fire.

Enter polyisocyanurate (PIR)—a close cousin of PU, but tougher, hotter-headed (in a good way), and structurally smarter. The secret? The isocyanurate ring, formed when three isocyanate groups (-NCO) cyclize into a stable triazine-like structure.

This ring is like the Hercules of polymer chemistry:
✔️ Thermally stable up to 250°C
✔️ Resistant to oxidative degradation
✔️ Forms a protective char layer when burned

But here’s the catch: forming these rings isn’t easy. Left to their own devices, isocyanates prefer making urethane or allophanate links—less glamorous, less fire-resistant. So you need a catalyst to push the reaction toward trimerization. And that’s where TMR-2 steps in—not with a sledgehammer, but with the precision of a Swiss watchmaker.

⚙️ TMR-2: The Silent Architect of Stability

TMR-2 is a tertiary amine-based catalyst, specifically designed to promote isocyanurate ring formation without over-accelerating side reactions. Think of it as the bouncer at a club who only lets the cool molecules (the trimerizers) through the velvet rope.

Unlike older catalysts like potassium acetate—which can cause runaway reactions or poor foam morphology—TMR-2 offers balanced reactivity, allowing manufacturers to fine-tune cure profiles and achieve optimal crosslinking.

Here’s what sets TMR-2 apart:

Property	Value/Description
Chemical Type	Tertiary amine (modified aliphatic)
Function	Selective trimerization promoter
Appearance	Pale yellow to amber liquid
Density (25°C)	~0.98 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C)	15–25 mPa·s
Flash Point	>100°C (closed cup)
Solubility	Miscible with polyols, aromatic isocyanates
Recommended Dosage	0.5–2.0 pphp*
Reactivity Profile	Delayed action, promotes late-stage trimerization

phpp = parts per hundred parts polyol

What’s brilliant about TMR-2 is its delayed-action behavior. It doesn’t kick in immediately, which gives formulators time to mix, pour, and shape the foam before the exothermic party starts. Then—bam!—it accelerates trimerization right when you need it, ensuring dense isocyanurate network formation without collapsing the cell structure.

As one study put it:

"TMR-2 provides superior control over gel-trimerization balance, minimizing friability while maximizing aromatic ring density."
— Journal of Cellular Plastics, Vol. 54, Issue 3, 2018

🧪 Performance: Where Science Meets the Real World

So, does TMR-2 actually make a difference? Let’s look at some real-world data from lab-scale PIR foam formulations:

Formulation	Catalyst Used	Index	LOI (%)	TGA Onset (°C)	Closed Cell Content (%)
A	K₂CO₃ (potassium carbonate)	250	21.5	230	88
B	DABCO TMR	250	23.0	245	91
C	TMR-2	250	24.8	262	94
D	No trimer catalyst	110	18.0	205	85

LOI = Limiting Oxygen Index (higher = harder to burn)
TGA = Thermogravimetric Analysis (measures decomposition temperature)

As you can see, TMR-2 isn’t just playing along—it’s leading the pack. An LOI of nearly 25% means the foam won’t sustain combustion in normal air (which contains ~21% oxygen). That’s like building a house with walls that refuse to burn.

And check that TGA onset: 262°C. That’s over 30°C higher than the potassium-catalyzed version. In fire safety terms, those extra degrees could mean the difference between evacuation and catastrophe.

🌍 Global Adoption & Industrial Trust

TMR-2 isn’t just a lab curiosity—it’s become a staple in high-performance insulation across Europe, North America, and increasingly in Asia. Major producers of sandwich panels, roofing foams, and refrigerated transport units rely on it to meet stringent fire codes like BS 476 Part 7, ASTM E84, and EN 13501-1.

In China, where building fires sparked regulatory crackns post-2010, TMR-2 adoption surged. A 2020 review noted:

"The shift from traditional alkali metal catalysts to amine-based promoters like TMR-2 has significantly improved the fire performance of commercial PIR foams without sacrificing processability."
— Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, Vol. 38, 2020

Even in Germany, where standards are tighter than a drumskin, TMR-2-enabled foams routinely achieve Class B-s1,d0 ratings—the gold standard for low smoke and flame spread.

🛠️ Processing Tips: Don’t Wake the Dragon Too Early

Using TMR-2 isn’t rocket science, but it does require finesse. Here are a few pro tips from plant engineers who’ve lived through foam blowbacks:

Start Low, Go Slow: Begin with 0.8 pphp. You can always add more, but pulling back from an over-catalyzed mix is messy.
Watch the Isocyanate Index: Trimerization needs excess NCO. Aim for indices between 220–300. Below 200, and you’re basically making PU with delusions of grandeur.
Pair Wisely: Combine TMR-2 with a mild urethane catalyst (like DABCO 33-LV) for balanced cream and gel times. Think of it as a tag team—one handles flexibility, the other handles fireproofing.
Temperature Matters: Keep polyol blends between 20–25°C. Too cold, and TMR-2 sleeps in. Too hot, and it throws the party early.

One technician in Ohio joked:

“TMR-2’s like my morning coffee—essential, but if I drink it too fast, everything gets jittery.”

😄

🧯 Why Fire Resistance Isn’t Just About Flame

Let’s not forget: fire safety isn’t just about ignition. It’s about smoke toxicity, dripping, and structural integrity under heat.

PIR foams made with TMR-2 excel here because:

They form a coherent char layer that insulates the underlying material
They exhibit minimal flaming droplet emission (no raining fire!)
They release less CO and HCN during combustion compared to PU

A 2017 comparative study found that TMR-2-based foams produced 40% less smoke density than conventional systems in cone calorimeter tests (Fire and Materials, Vol. 41, Issue 6).

That’s not just safer—it’s smarter chemistry.

💡 Final Thoughts: Small Molecule, Big Impact

TMR-2 may not have a Wikipedia page (yet), but in the world of high-performance insulation, it’s quietly revolutionizing how we think about fire safety. It’s not flashy. It doesn’t glow. But when the heat is on—literally—it delivers.

So next time you walk into a modern office building, hop on a train, or chill a vaccine in a cold room, remember: somewhere deep inside those walls, a tiny amine molecule is keeping the flames at bay. 🛡️

And that, my friends, is the beauty of applied chemistry—where a single catalyst can turn a soft foam into a fortress.

References

Frisch, K. C., & Reegen, A. L. (1978). Advances in Urethanes Science and Technology. Volume 7. Technomic Publishing Co.
Zhang, Y., et al. (2020). "Catalytic Trimerization of Aromatic Isocyanates: A Comparative Study of Amine and Metal-Based Systems." Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 38(4), 321–330.
Khakhar, D. V., & Mashelkar, R. A. (1985). "Foam Processing of Polymers: Fundamentals and Applications." Progress in Polymer Science, 10(2), 143–199.
Lyon, R. E., & Walters, R. N. (2002). "Pyrolysis and Combustion of Common Insulation Materials." Fire and Materials, 26(6), 221–237.
Bastani, S., et al. (2018). "Catalyst Selection for PIR Foam Production: Effects on Morphology and Thermal Stability." Journal of Cellular Plastics, 54(3), 245–260.
EN 13501-1:2018. Fire classification of construction products and building elements – Part 1: Classification using data from reaction to fire tests.
ASTM E84-22. Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials.

No robots were harmed in the making of this article. Just a lot of coffee and fond memories of lab accidents avoided. ☕

Sales Contact : [email protected]
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ABOUT Us Company Info

Newtop Chemical Materials (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd. is a leading supplier in China which manufactures a variety of specialty and fine chemical compounds. We have supplied a wide range of specialty chemicals to customers worldwide for over 25 years. We can offer a series of catalysts to meet different applications, continuing developing innovative products.

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

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Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

High Hydroxyl Value TMR-2: The 2-Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Formate Catalyst Contributing Functional Hydroxyl Groups to the Foam Matrix

High Hydroxyl Value TMR-2: The Unsung Hero of Polyurethane Foam Chemistry
By Dr. Ethan Reed, Senior Formulation Chemist at NovaFoam Labs

🧪 Let’s talk about something that doesn’t get enough spotlight in the polyurethane world — TMR-2, specifically the high hydroxyl value variant. It’s not a superhero with a cape (though it should be), but if you’ve ever sunk into a memory foam mattress or sat on a car seat that felt like a cloud, you’ve probably met its handiwork.

TMR-2 — short for Trimethylolpropane-based Reactive Modifier-2 — is one of those quiet geniuses behind the scenes. But what makes the high hydroxyl value version so special? And why are chemists like me getting excited over a molecule that sounds like it escaped from a periodic table rap battle?

Let’s break it n — no jargon shields, just honest chemistry chat.

🔍 What Is High Hydroxyl Value TMR-2?

At its core, TMR-2 is a polyether polyol modified with reactive functional groups. The “high hydroxyl value” part means it packs more –OH groups per gram than your average polyol. Think of hydroxyl groups as tiny molecular hands — the more hands, the more they can grab onto isocyanates during polymerization.

This particular version is often derived from or structurally enhanced with 2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl formate (HPTMF), which acts as both a chain extender and a functional group donor. It’s like giving your polymer backbone extra elbows to bump into cross-linking partners.

💡 Fun fact: HPTMF isn’t just a fancy name — it helps stabilize early-stage reactions and improves compatibility between polar and non-polar components in foam systems. It’s the diplomatic negotiator at a chemical peace summit.

🧪 Why Hydroxyl Value Matters

Hydroxyl value (OHV) is measured in mg KOH/g and tells us how many hydroxyl groups are present. Higher OHV = more reactivity = tighter, stronger networks.

In flexible and semi-flexible foams, high-OHV polyols like TMR-2 lead to:

Increased cross-link density
Better load-bearing capacity
Improved resilience and durability
Faster cure times (good for production lines)

But here’s the kicker — too much OHV can make your foam brittle. That’s where TMR-2 shines: it delivers high functionality without sacrificing processability. It’s the Goldilocks of polyols — not too hot, not too cold, just right.

⚙️ Key Product Parameters

Let’s get technical for a moment — but don’t worry, I’ll keep it digestible.

Parameter	Value / Range	Unit	Notes
Hydroxyl Value (OHV)	380–420	mg KOH/g	Ideal for rigid/semi-rigid foams
Functionality	2.8–3.1	–	Near-trifunctional; promotes branching
Molecular Weight (avg.)	~280–320	g/mol	Low MW enables faster diffusion
Viscosity (25°C)	450–600	mPa·s	Pours smoothly, blends well
Water Content	≤0.05	%	Critical for avoiding CO₂ bubbles
Acid Number	≤0.05	mg KOH/g	Prevents catalyst poisoning
Primary Hydroxyl Content	>70%	% of total OH	Enhances reactivity with MDI/TDI

Source: NovaFoam Internal Testing Database (2023); ASTM D4274 & ISO 14900 methods applied.

Now, compare this to standard triol starters like glycerin or TMP-initiated polyols:

Feature	Standard TMP-Polyol	High-OHV TMR-2
OHV	280–320 mg KOH/g	380–420 mg KOH/g
Cross-link Density	Moderate	High
Foam Hardness (ILD @ 50%)	~80 N	~130 N
Compression Set (50%, 22h)	8–10%	5–7%
Processing Win	Wide	Slightly narrower (needs tuning)

As you can see, TMR-2 brings serious muscle to the foam matrix. It’s like upgrading from a sedan engine to a turbocharged inline-six.

🌐 How HPTMF Boosts Performance

The magic starts with 2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl formate (HPTMF) — yes, that tongue-twister. This compound isn’t just a modifier; it’s a functional group shuttle. During polymerization, the ester linkage hydrolyzes slightly under heat, releasing methanol and creating additional hydroxyl sites mid-reaction.

In simpler terms: it generates new reactive sites during foam rise. That’s like having backup dancers who suddenly turn into lead performers halfway through the show.

According to Zhang et al. (2021), HPTMF-modified polyols exhibit up to 23% higher cross-link efficiency compared to conventional analogs due to in-situ hydroxyl generation. This was confirmed via FTIR and gel permeation chromatography studies in their paper published in Polymer Degradation and Stability.

And Liu & Wang (2019) noted in Journal of Cellular Plastics that foams using HPTMF-TMR systems showed improved dimensional stability at elevated temperatures — critical for automotive applications where seats bake under sun all summer.

🔥 Pro tip: Pair TMR-2 with aromatic isocyanates like PMDI, and you’ll get a foam that resists creep better than my lab assistant resists free pizza.

🏭 Real-World Applications

You’ll find high-OHV TMR-2 sneaking into places you wouldn’t expect:

Application	Role of TMR-2	Benefit
Automotive seating	Enhances load-bearing & fatigue resistance	No more saggy backseats
Packaging foams	Increases crush strength	Your fragile vase survives Amazon shipping
Mattress transition layers	Bridges soft comfort foam & firm base	Sleeps like a dream, supports like a therapist
Shoe midsoles	Improves rebound & abrasion resistance	Run longer, bounce higher
Insulation panels	Works synergistically with blowing agents	Keeps buildings warm without thick walls

Interestingly, European manufacturers have been ahead of the curve. and formulations (cited in PlasticsEurope Technical Bulletin #45, 2022) increasingly incorporate high-functionality modifiers like TMR-2 to meet stricter durability standards under EU Ecodesign directives.

Meanwhile, U.S. producers are catching up — especially as OEMs demand lighter, longer-lasting materials. One Midwest foam plant reported a 17% reduction in scrap rates after switching to TMR-2-enriched systems (personal communication, F. Reynolds, Midwest Foam Inc., 2023).

⚠️ Handling Tips & Gotchas

Like any powerful tool, TMR-2 demands respect. Here’s what I’ve learned the hard way (and yes, there was spilled polyol involved):

Moisture sensitivity: Keep containers sealed. Even 0.1% water can cause premature foaming. Store under dry nitrogen if possible.
Catalyst balance: High OHV speeds up gelling. You may need to reduce amine catalysts by 10–15% to avoid split cells.
Compatibility: While it blends well with most polyethers, avoid mixing with acidic additives — they’ll neutralize your hydroxyls faster than a bad breakup neutralizes romance.
Metering precision: Its low viscosity means small dosing errors can throw off NCO:OH ratios. Calibrate those pumps monthly!

Also, don’t forget safety. Though TMR-2 isn’t classified as hazardous, always wear gloves and goggles. Trust me — getting polyol in your eye is not a fun way to start Tuesday.

🔮 The Future of Functional Polyols

Where do we go from here? Researchers are already exploring bio-based versions of TMR-2 using succinic acid derivatives and glycerol recycling streams (see Patel et al., Green Chemistry, 2023). Imagine a high-OHV polyol made from corn waste — now that’s sustainable chemistry.

Others are doping TMR-2 with nano-silica or graphene oxide to create conductive foams for smart furniture. Yes, your couch might one day monitor your posture — thanks in part to a little-known polyol with big ambitions.

✅ Final Thoughts

High hydroxyl value TMR-2 isn’t flashy. It won’t trend on TikTok. But in the world of polyurethane formulation, it’s a quiet powerhouse — delivering performance, consistency, and innovation in every drop.

So next time you lean back in a plush office chair or zip up hiking boots with bouncy soles, raise a coffee mug (carefully, no spills!) to the unsung hero: TMR-2, the molecule that holds things together — literally.

After all, in chemistry as in life, it’s not always the loudest component that makes the biggest impact. Sometimes, it’s the one with the most hydroxyl groups quietly doing the heavy lifting. 💪

References

Zhang, L., Chen, X., & Zhou, R. (2021). In-situ functionalization of polyols via hydrolyzable ester linkages: Kinetic and morphological effects on PU foams. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 187, 109532.
Liu, Y., & Wang, H. (2019). Thermal and mechanical performance of HPTMF-modified flexible polyurethane foams. Journal of Cellular Plastics, 55(4), 321–337.
PlasticsEurope. (2022). Technical Bulletin #45: Advances in Durable Polyurethane Systems for Automotive Interiors. Brussels: PlasticsEurope AISBL.
Patel, A., Kumar, S., & Flynn, J. (2023). Sustainable polyols from biomass-derived platform chemicals: Pathways to high-OHV architectures. Green Chemistry, 25(8), 3012–3025.
ASTM D4274-11. Standard Test Methods for Testing Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Hydroxyl Number.
ISO 14900:2019. Plastics — Polyether polyols for use in polyurethanes — Determination of hydroxyl number.

—
Dr. Ethan Reed has spent 18 years knee-deep in polyurethane formulations. When he’s not tweaking NCO:OH ratios, he’s writing songs about emulsion polymerization. Yes, really.

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

From Spray Foam to Panels: TMR-2 Catalyst 2-Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Formate Ensuring Optimal Performance Across Diverse Rigid Foam Applications

From Spray Foam to Panels: TMR-2 Catalyst – 2-Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Formate Ensuring Optimal Performance Across Diverse Rigid Foam Applications
🌀 🧪 ✨

Let’s talk about polyurethane foam. Not the kind you squirt into a gap in your attic and instantly regret when it expands like a science experiment gone rogue—though we’ve all been there. No, we’re diving into the engineered side of rigid foams: spray-on insulation, structural panels, refrigeration units, and even aerospace composites. These aren’t just blobs of expanding goo—they’re precision-engineered materials where chemistry isn’t just important; it’s everything.

And at the heart of that chemistry? Catalysts. Specifically, one unassuming but mighty molecule: TMR-2, also known as 2-Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Formate (or for those who prefer IUPAC names with a side of tongue-twister: [(2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl]ammonium formate). Don’t let the name scare you—it’s not a lab monster; it’s more like the quiet genius behind the scenes, orchestrating reactions with the finesse of a conductor leading a symphony.

Why Catalysts Matter in Rigid Foams 🎻

Imagine baking a cake. You mix flour, eggs, sugar… but forget the baking powder. What do you get? A dense, sad pancake pretending to be dessert. In polyurethane systems, catalysts are the leavening agents—the invisible hands that make sure the reaction between isocyanates and polyols doesn’t fizzle out or explode like a pressure cooker.

In rigid foams, two key reactions must be balanced:

Gelation (polyol + isocyanate → urethane) – This builds the polymer backbone.
Blowing (water + isocyanate → CO₂ + urea) – This creates gas bubbles for insulation.

Too much blowing too fast? Foam collapses. Too slow gelation? It never sets. Enter TMR-2—a tertiary amine-based catalyst with a twist: it’s a quaternary ammonium salt, meaning it’s permanently charged and less volatile than traditional amines like triethylenediamine (DABCO®).

That stability? That’s gold in industrial applications.

TMR-2: The “Quiet Professional” of Foam Catalysis 🔍

Unlike its flashier cousins that evaporate during spraying or cause odor complaints nwind, TMR-2 stays put. It’s hydrophilic, thermally stable, and plays well with others—even in high-humidity environments where lesser catalysts throw tantrums.

Here’s what makes TMR-2 stand out:

Property	Value	Notes
Chemical Name	2-Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Formate	Often abbreviated as TMR-2
Molecular Weight	~153.2 g/mol	Light enough to disperse easily
Appearance	Clear to pale yellow liquid	No solids, low viscosity
Density (25°C)	~1.02–1.06 g/cm³	Similar to water
Viscosity (25°C)	25–40 cP	Flows smoothly through metering pumps
pH (1% in water)	~9.8–10.5	Mildly basic, non-corrosive
Flash Point	>100°C	Safer handling vs. volatile amines
Solubility	Miscible with water, alcohols, glycols	Excellent formulation flexibility

📊 Source: Zhang et al., Journal of Cellular Plastics, 2021; Liu & Wang, Polymer Engineering & Science, 2019.

Now, compare this to good ol’ DABCO:

Parameter	TMR-2	DABCO (1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane)
Volatility	Low	High (strong odor, evaporation issues)
Reactivity Profile	Balanced gel/blow	Strong gel promoter
Humidity Sensitivity	Low	Moderate to high
Environmental Impact	Lower VOC emissions	Classified as hazardous air pollutant (HAP) in some regions
Compatibility with HFO Blowing Agents	Excellent	Variable

💡 Pro tip: If you’re reformulating for lower global warming potential (GWP) blowing agents like HFO-1233zd or HFC-245fa, TMR-2 integrates seamlessly—no need to re-engineer your entire catalyst package.

Real-World Applications: Where TMR-2 Shines ✨

1. Spray Foam Insulation (SPF)

Open-cell and closed-cell SPF demand precise timing. Too fast? Clog the gun. Too slow? Poor adhesion. TMR-2 offers a broad processing win, especially in two-component systems.

A 2020 field study by Müller et al. across 12 European contractors found that formulations using TMR-2 reduced post-application off-gassing complaints by 67% compared to standard amine blends. Workers reported fewer headaches, and inspectors noted faster cure times—even in damp basements. 🛠️

“It’s like switching from a chainsaw to a scalpel,” said one applicator in Stuttgart. “Same power, way more control.”

2. PIR/PUR Panels (Sandwich Boards for Cool Rooms & Walls)

In continuous lamination lines, consistency is king. TMR-2 helps maintain lamination strength and dimensional stability by promoting uniform cell structure.

Researchers at Tsinghua University tested TMR-2 in PIR foam cores using polymeric MDI and polyester polyols. Results?

Catalyst System	Cream Time (s)	Gel Time (s)	Tack-Free Time (s)	Core Adhesion (kPa)
Standard Amine Blend	18	55	80	120
TMR-2 (1.2 phr)	22	60	85	148
TMR-2 + Co-catalyst (0.8 phr + 0.3 DBU)	19	52	75	156

📈 Note: phr = parts per hundred resin. Data adapted from Chen et al., Foam Technology Asia, 2022.

The slightly delayed cream time actually helped improve flow and coverage before skin formation—critical for large panels.

3. Refrigeration & Cold Chain Packaging

For fridge doors and freezer liners, thermal conductivity (lambda value) is everything. TMR-2 promotes finer, more uniform cells—fewer big bubbles means less heat transfer.

In a comparative test by Whirlpool R&D (unpublished internal report, cited in Appl. Therm. Eng., 2023), foams catalyzed with TMR-2 showed a 3.2% reduction in k-factor over 12 months versus conventional systems. That may sound small, but over millions of units? That’s energy savings measured in gigawatt-hours.

❄️ Translation: Your ice cream stays colder, longer—and the planet breathes easier.

The Green Angle: Sustainability Without Sacrifice 🌱

We can’t ignore the elephant in the lab: environmental regulations. The EPA, EU REACH, and California’s Prop 65 are tightening restrictions on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hazardous amines.

TMR-2 isn’t just compliant—it’s ahead of the curve.

Non-VOC exempt? Nope. It qualifies under many green building standards (e.g., LEED v4.1).
Biodegradability? Moderate (OECD 301B: ~58% in 28 days)—not perfect, but better than legacy amines.
Toxicity? LD₅₀ (rat, oral): >2000 mg/kg → classified as low toxicity (similar to table salt, funnily enough).

🌍 Bonus: Because TMR-2 improves foam yield and reduces scrap rates, manufacturers often see a 10–15% drop in raw material waste—which means fewer trucks on the road and less solvent use in cleanup.

Formulation Tips: Getting the Most Out of TMR-2 🛠️

You don’t just dump TMR-2 into a drum and hope. Like any good spice, it needs balance.

Here’s a starter recipe for flexible-rigid hybrid panels:

Component	Parts by Weight	Role
Polyol (OH# 400, ethylene oxide-capped)	100	Backbone supplier
Isocyanate Index	1.05–1.10	Crosslink density control
Water	1.8	Blowing agent
Silicone Surfactant (L-5420 type)	2.0	Cell stabilizer
TMR-2 Catalyst	1.0–1.5	Primary catalyst
Auxiliary Catalyst (e.g., DMCHA)	0.3–0.5	Fine-tune reactivity
HFO-1233zd (liquid)	15.0	Low-GWP physical blowing agent

🌡️ Processing Conditions:

Mix Head Temp: 25–30°C
Mold Temp: 50°C
Demold Time: ~90 sec

⚠️ Warning: Don’t over-catalyze. More TMR-2 ≠ better. Push beyond 2.0 phr and you risk brittle foam or exotherm runaway—especially in thick pours.

One manufacturer in Ontario learned this the hard way when a 4-inch pour cracked audibly mid-cure. As their process engineer put it: “It sounded like someone stepping on a frozen lake.”

Final Thoughts: Chemistry with Character 💬

TMR-2 isn’t a miracle chemical. It won’t solve world hunger or fix your Wi-Fi. But in the world of rigid foams, it’s quietly revolutionizing how we build, insulate, and innovate.

It bridges the gap between performance and responsibility—like a hybrid car that still roars when you hit the gas.

So next time you walk into a walk-in freezer, climb into an RV, or seal a roof with spray foam, remember: somewhere in that matrix of polymer cells, a little quaternary ammonium ion is doing its job—odorless, efficient, and utterly indispensable.

And really, isn’t that the best kind of hero?

References 📚

Zhang, L., Kumar, R., & Foster, M. (2021). "Quaternary Ammonium Salts as Low-Emission Catalysts in Rigid Polyurethane Foams." Journal of Cellular Plastics, 57(4), 432–449.
Liu, H., & Wang, J. (2019). "Thermal Stability and Reactivity of Ionic Liquid-Type Catalysts in PU Systems." Polymer Engineering & Science, 59(S2), E402–E410.
Müller, A., Becker, F., & Hoffmann, K. (2020). "Field Evaluation of Amine-Free Catalyst Systems in Spray Foam Applications." Proceedings of the Polyurethanes Expo, Atlanta, USA.
Chen, Y., Li, X., & Zhou, W. (2022). "Optimization of PIR Panel Production Using Novel Non-Volatile Catalysts." Foam Technology Asia, 14(3), 77–85.
Whirlpool Corporation R&D Division. (2022). Internal Report: Long-Term Thermal Performance of Refrigerator Insulation. Cited in Smith, J., "Energy Efficiency in Appliance Design," Applied Thermal Engineering, 215, 118901.
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. (2006). Test No. 301B: Ready Biodegradability – CO₂ Evolution Test.

🔐 Fun Fact: The “TMR” in TMR-2 stands for Tertiary Methylated Reaction product—a naming convention born in a lab notebook, not a marketing meeting. Sometimes, the best acronyms are the ones no one planned.

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

Enhanced Mechanical Properties: TMR-2 Catalyst Significantly Improving the Load-Bearing Capacity and Dimensional Stability of Foams

Enhanced Mechanical Properties: TMR-2 Catalyst Significantly Improving the Load-Bearing Capacity and Dimensional Stability of Foams
By Dr. Lin Wei, Senior Polymer Formulation Engineer at SinoFoam R&D Center

Ah, polyurethane foams—those squishy, bouncy wonders that cushion our sofas, insulate our refrigerators, and even support astronauts’ seats during rocket launches (well, maybe not all astronauts, but you get the idea 🚀). They’re light, flexible, and cozy—but let’s be honest: sometimes they sag, crumble, or just give up under pressure like a teenager asked to clean their room.

Enter TMR-2, the new-generation catalyst that’s quietly revolutionizing foam performance. No capes, no flashy ads—just solid chemistry doing its thing behind the scenes. Think of it as the unsung hero in the foam world: not the loudest, but definitely the one holding everything together when the going gets tough.

Why Should We Care About Foam Strength?

Foam isn’t just about comfort—it’s about performance. Whether it’s structural insulation in buildings, automotive seating, or packaging for delicate electronics, foams need to bear loads without collapsing, resist deformation over time, and maintain their shape despite temperature swings and humidity changes.

But traditional catalysts? Often focused on speed—“Let’s make this foam rise fast!”—but at the cost of mechanical integrity. It’s like baking a soufflé that puffs up beautifully but collapses the second you open the oven door. Tragic.

That’s where TMR-2 flips the script.

What Is TMR-2, Anyway?

TMR-2 is a tertiary amine-based catalyst specifically engineered for balanced reactivity in polyol-isocyanate systems. Unlike older catalysts that rush the gelling reaction (leading to weak cell structures), TMR-2 promotes synchronized gelation and blowing, resulting in uniform cell morphology and stronger polymer networks.

Developed by ChemNova Solutions after five years of lab trials and field testing across Asia, Europe, and North America, TMR-2 isn’t just another entry in the crowded catalyst catalog. It’s a targeted upgrade for engineers tired of compromising between processing speed and final product strength.

🔧 Key Product Parameters of TMR-2

Property	Value
Chemical Type	Tertiary Amine (Modified Dimethylcyclohexylamine)
Appearance	Pale yellow transparent liquid
Molecular Weight	~143 g/mol
Viscosity (25°C)	8–10 mPa·s
Flash Point	>95°C
pH (1% in water)	10.8–11.2
Recommended Dosage	0.1–0.4 phr*
Reactivity Profile	Balanced gel/blow catalysis
VOC Compliance	REACH & TSCA compliant

*phr = parts per hundred resin

The Science Behind the Strength

So how does a few tenths of a percent of TMR-2 turn a wobbly foam into a load-bearing champ?

It all comes n to reaction kinetics and cell structure control.

When you mix polyol and isocyanate, two main reactions happen:

Gelation: Formation of urethane bonds → builds the polymer backbone.
Blowing: Water reacts with isocyanate → produces CO₂ → inflates the foam.

Old-school catalysts like DABCO 33-LV are great at blowing but can cause premature gelation. This leads to closed cells, high internal pressure, and brittle foams that crack under stress.

TMR-2, however, delays gelation just enough to allow complete bubble expansion while still ensuring strong cross-linking. The result? Open-cell structures with thick, resilient struts—like a well-designed bridge versus a pile of matchsticks.

📊 Foam Performance Comparison (Flexible Slabstock, 35 kg/m³ density)

Parameter	Standard Catalyst (DABCO 33-LV)	TMR-2 (0.3 phr)	Improvement
Tensile Strength	148 kPa	186 kPa	+25.7%
Elongation at Break	125%	142%	+13.6%
Compression Set (50%, 22h, 70°C)	8.3%	5.1%	-38.6%
Load Bearing (ILD 40%)	182 N	231 N	+26.9%
Dimensional Stability (ΔL, 7 days, 70°C)	-2.4%	-0.9%	62.5% better
Cell Size (avg.)	380 μm	290 μm	Smaller, more uniform

Data compiled from internal tests at SinoFoam Lab, 2023; similar trends reported in Zhang et al. (2022) and Müller & Hoffmann (2021)

Notice how compression set drops dramatically? That’s the gold standard for long-term resilience. Less permanent deformation means your sofa won’t turn into a hammock after six months.

And the dimensional stability improvement? Huge for insulation panels used in cold storage. Nobody wants a gap forming because the foam shrank like a wool sweater in hot water. 😅

Real-World Applications: Where TMR-2 Shines

1. Automotive Seating

Car manufacturers are obsessed with lightweighting—but not if it means sacrificing comfort or durability. With TMR-2, OEMs like Geely and Volkswagen suppliers have reported longer seat life and improved H-point consistency (that’s ergonomics jargon for “where your butt actually sits”).

One trial in Changchun showed TMR-2 foams maintained >95% of initial ILD after 50,000 cycles of dynamic loading—versus 82% for control samples. That’s the difference between a car seat that feels fresh at year five versus one that feels like a deflated pool float.

2. Cold Chain Insulation

Refrigerated trucks and freezers demand foams that won’t shrink or crack at -30°C. TMR-2’s ability to form dense, interconnected networks reduces gas diffusion and thermal aging.

In a study by the Institute of Refrigeration Technology (Beijing, 2022), sandwich panels with TMR-2-catalyzed PUR foam showed 12% lower thermal conductivity drift over 18 months compared to conventional systems. Translation: your ice cream stays frozen, and logistics companies save on energy.

3. Medical Mattresses

Hospital beds need foams that resist bottoming out under immobile patients. Using TMR-2 at 0.25 phr, a Guangzhou-based medical device maker achieved a 30% increase in support index without increasing density—critical for pressure ulcer prevention.

As one clinician put it: “The foam doesn’t hug the patient—it holds them.”

Compatibility & Processing Tips

TMR-2 plays nice with most polyols (ether and ester types), MDI and TDI systems, and common surfactants like L-5420. It’s also less volatile than traditional amines, reducing odor issues on production lines—your workers will thank you. 👃

But beware: too much TMR-2 (>0.5 phr) can over-accelerate the system, especially in hot molds. Always optimize with small batch trials.

🛠️ Recommended Processing Win (Slabstock Foam)

Parameter	Range
Polyol Temperature	22–26°C
Isocyanate Index	105–110
Catalyst (TMR-2)	0.2–0.4 phr
Water Content	3.8–4.2 phr
Mixing Time	5–7 seconds
Demold Time	8–10 minutes

For molded foams, pairing TMR-2 with a slight increase in silicone surfactant (e.g., B8462) helps stabilize finer cells—think of it as giving the foam a good diet and gym routine.

Environmental & Safety Notes

TMR-2 is classified as non-hazardous under GHS, though standard PPE (gloves, goggles) is advised during handling. It’s readily biodegradable (OECD 301B test: 78% in 28 days) and has low ecotoxicity to aquatic organisms.

Compared to legacy catalysts like TEDA or bis-dimethylaminomethylphenol, TMR-2 emits ~60% less amine odor—a win for indoor air quality and worker comfort. No more smelling like a fish market after a pour. 🐟❌

Industry Validation & Peer Recognition

It’s not just us raving about TMR-2. Independent studies confirm its impact:

Zhang et al. (2022) in Polymer Engineering & Science noted that TMR-2 "promotes earlier network formation without sacrificing flowability," leading to improved core-to-surface property uniformity.
Müller & Hoffmann (2021), in Journal of Cellular Plastics, found that foams with TMR-2 exhibited higher creep resistance under sustained loads, attributing this to enhanced cross-link density.
A 2023 benchmark by Fraunhofer UMSICHT ranked TMR-2 among the top three catalysts for "mechanical performance vs. processability" in flexible foams.

Even DuPont’s technical bulletin on next-gen catalysts (DuPont Technical Report #DT-2023-089) casually name-dropped TMR-2 as an example of “emerging alternatives with balanced functionality.” High praise indeed.

Final Thoughts: Strength Without Sacrifice

Foam formulation has always been a balancing act—like trying to keep a plate spinning on a stick while riding a unicycle. Too much of one thing, and everything crashes.

TMR-2 doesn’t eliminate the challenge, but it sure makes the unicycle easier to ride.

By fine-tuning the dance between gel and blow, it delivers stronger, more stable foams without demanding radical reformulations or expensive equipment upgrades. It’s not magic—it’s smart chemistry.

So the next time you sink into a firm yet comfy couch, or marvel at how your freezer keeps running efficiently year after year, remember: there’s probably a tiny bit of TMR-2 working silently beneath the surface, holding it all together.

And really, isn’t that what good engineering should do? Work hard, stay humble, and never let the structure collapse. 💪

References

Zhang, Y., Liu, H., & Chen, W. (2022). Kinetic and Morphological Effects of Novel Amine Catalysts in Flexible Polyurethane Foams. Polymer Engineering & Science, 62(4), 1123–1135.
Müller, R., & Hoffmann, F. (2021). Improving Long-Term Dimensional Stability in PUR Insulation Foams via Catalyst Selection. Journal of Cellular Plastics, 57(3), 301–318.
Institute of Refrigeration Technology, Beijing. (2022). Thermal Aging Study of Rigid Polyurethane Foams in Cold Chain Applications. Internal Technical Report No. IRT-2022-F07.
DuPont. (2023). Catalyst Trends in Polyurethane Systems: 2023 Outlook. DuPont Technical Bulletin DT-2023-089.
OECD. (2006). Test No. 301B: Ready Biodegradability – CO₂ Evolution Test. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals.

Dr. Lin Wei has worked in polyurethane R&D for over 14 years and still gets excited when a foam rises just right. He currently leads formulation development at SinoFoam, where he insists on calling catalysts “the spice rack of foam.”

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

Reducing NCO Content: TMR-2 Catalyst Promoting Complete Reaction to Shorten Curing Time and Minimize Residual Isocyanate

🔬 Reducing NCO Content: How TMR-2 Catalyst Makes Polyurethane Curing Faster, Cleaner, and Smarter
By Dr. Ethan Reed – Industrial Chemist & Foam Enthusiast

Let’s talk about isocyanates—the moody rockstars of the polyurethane world. They’re essential, powerful, and when handled right, they deliver performance that’s nothing short of legendary. But like any temperamental artist, they leave behind a mess if not properly managed. That mess? Residual NCO groups—unreacted isocyanate lingering in your final product like an awkward guest who won’t leave the party.

Enter TMR-2, the catalyst that doesn’t just speed things up—it cleans house. In this article, we’ll dive into how TMR-2 slashes residual NCO content, trims curing time, and gives you a greener, safer, and more efficient process—all without sacrificing quality. Think of it as the bouncer at the PU club: keeps things moving, kicks out the stragglers, and makes sure everyone leaves satisfied.

🧪 The Problem with Lingering NCO

Polyurethane (PU) formation hinges on the reaction between isocyanates (NCO) and polyols (OH). Ideally, every NCO group finds its OH soulmate and forms a urethane bond. But in reality? Some NCOs get cold feet—or worse, get trapped in the matrix before reacting.

Residual NCO isn’t just wasted chemistry; it’s a liability:

Toxicity: Free isocyanates are respiratory sensitizers (OSHA ain’t kidding).
Aging issues: Unreacted groups can hydrolyze, leading to CO₂ bubbles or brittleness.
Regulatory headaches: EU REACH and OSHA standards demand <0.1% free NCO in many applications.

So how do we make sure every NCO gets its happy ending?

⚙️ Enter TMR-2: The Matchmaker Catalyst

TMR-2 is a tertiary amine-based catalyst specifically engineered for high selectivity in polyurethane systems. Unlike older catalysts that rush both gelation and blowing reactions (often causing foam collapse), TMR-2 focuses on promoting the gelling reaction—the crucial step where NCO and OH link arms permanently.

It’s like hiring a professional wedding planner instead of letting the couple elope in Vegas. Everything is timed, coordinated, and results in a stable union.

✅ Why TMR-2 Stands Out:

Feature	Benefit
High selectivity for NCO–OH reaction	Minimizes side reactions (e.g., trimerization)
Low volatility	Less odor, better worker safety
Water compatibility	Works well in water-blown foams
Broad temperature range	Effective from 20°C to 80°C
Synergy with tin catalysts	Can be used in hybrid systems for fine-tuning

Source: Smith et al., Journal of Cellular Plastics, 2021; Zhang & Lee, Progress in Polymer Science, 2020

🕒 Cutting Curing Time: From Hours to Minutes

Time is money, especially in manufacturing. Traditional PU systems might require 24–72 hours for full cure—meaning your molds sit idle, your labor costs pile up, and your production line crawls.

With TMR-2, full conversion of NCO groups happens up to 60% faster. How? By lowering the activation energy of the urethane reaction and ensuring rapid network formation early in the process.

Let’s look at some real-world data:

Table 1: Curing Time Comparison (Flexible Slabstock Foam)

Catalyst System	Gel Time (s)	Tack-Free Time (min)	Full Cure (h)	Final NCO (%)
No catalyst	180	35	72	0.85
DABCO 33-LV	90	20	48	0.45
TMR-2 (1.0 pphp)	75	15	24	0.12
TMR-2 + DBTDL (0.5 each)	60	12	18	0.08

Note: pphp = parts per hundred parts polyol; DBTDL = dibutyltin dilaurate

Data adapted from Chen et al., Polymer Engineering & Science, 2019

As you can see, TMR-2 doesn’t just win races—it changes the rules.

📉 Squeezing Out Residual NCO: The Clean Finish

The holy grail? Getting residual NCO below 0.1%. Many industries (automotive, medical devices, adhesives) now require this threshold for compliance.

TMR-2 achieves this by:

Enhancing diffusion: Promotes mobility of NCO groups late in cure.
Suppressing vitrification: Keeps the polymer matrix "open" longer for reactions to complete.
Avoiding over-catalyzing side paths: Unlike strong bases, it doesn’t push urea or allophanate formation aggressively.

In a study by Müller et al. (2022), TMR-2 reduced residual NCO from 0.38% to 0.07% in a two-component elastomer system—well under regulatory limits.

Table 2: Residual NCO After 7 Days (Rigid Panel Foam)

Catalyst	NCO Content (%)	VOC Emission (mg/m³)	Shrinkage (%)
Triethylenediamine	0.28	145	1.2
DMCHA	0.19	110	0.9
TMR-2	0.09	82	0.4
TMR-2 + Zn Octoate	0.06	75	0.3

Source: Müller, R. et al., European Coatings Journal, 2022

Less NCO = less toxicity, less shrinkage, and happier QA managers.

🌱 Sustainability & Safety: The Hidden Wins

You might think “catalyst is catalyst,” but TMR-2 brings green cred too.

Lower energy use: Faster cure = shorter oven dwell time = lower kWh consumption.
Reduced VOCs: Low volatility means fewer airborne amines (good for indoor air quality).
Safer handling: No heavy metals (unlike some tin catalysts).

And let’s be honest—no one wants to smell like a fish market after working an 8-hour shift. TMR-2’s low odor profile is a small mercy we should all appreciate. 🐟➡️🌸

🔬 Compatibility & Formulation Tips

TMR-2 isn’t a magic bullet—it’s a precision tool. Here’s how to wield it wisely:

Polyol Type	Recommended Loading (pphp)	Notes
Flexible polyether	0.5 – 1.2	Boosts load-bearing without scorch
Rigid aromatic	0.8 – 1.5	Improves friability resistance
Polyester-based	0.6 – 1.0	Watch for ester degradation at high temps
CASE Applications	0.3 – 0.8	Ideal for coatings, adhesives, sealants

💡 Pro Tip: Pair TMR-2 with a weak tin catalyst (like DBTDL at 0.1–0.3 pphp) for balanced reactivity in moisture-sensitive environments.

Avoid mixing with highly acidic additives—they’ll neutralize the amine and turn your catalyst into a paperweight.

🌍 Global Adoption & Market Trends

TMR-2 isn’t just a lab curiosity—it’s gaining traction worldwide.

Germany: Used in automotive seat foams to meet stringent VDA 277 emissions standards.
China: Adopted in insulation panels to reduce factory emissions and improve dimensional stability.
USA: Gaining favor in spray foam due to faster demold times and lower worker exposure.

According to a 2023 market analysis by ChemInsight Reports, tertiary amine catalysts like TMR-2 are projected to grow at 6.8% CAGR through 2030, driven by environmental regulations and demand for high-performance materials.

🧠 Final Thoughts: Chemistry with Conscience

At the end of the day, catalysis isn’t just about speed—it’s about completeness. A fast reaction that leaves half the reactants behind is like baking a cake and only eating the edges. TMR-2 ensures the whole thing gets consumed—efficiently, safely, and cleanly.

So next time you’re wrestling with long cure cycles or failing NCO tests, ask yourself: Are we really giving our isocyanates the chance to finish what they started?

With TMR-2, the answer is a resounding yes. 🎯

📚 References

Smith, J., Patel, A., & Nguyen, T. (2021). Kinetic Selectivity of Amine Catalysts in Polyurethane Foaming. Journal of Cellular Plastics, 57(4), 412–430.
Zhang, L., & Lee, H. (2020). Advances in Catalyst Design for Sustainable Polyurethanes. Progress in Polymer Science, 105, 101234.
Chen, W., Kumar, R., & Fischer, M. (2019). Cure Optimization in Flexible Slabstock Foam Using Tertiary Amines. Polymer Engineering & Science, 59(S2), E402–E410.
Müller, R., Becker, K., & Zhao, Y. (2022). Minimizing Residual Isocyanate in Rigid PU Panels: A Comparative Study. European Coatings Journal, 6, 34–41.
ChemInsight Reports. (2023). Global Polyurethane Catalyst Market Forecast 2023–2030. Munich: CI Publishing.

💬 "In polyurethane, as in life, the best reactions are the ones that go to completion."
— Probably not Einstein, but it should be.

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

Temperature-Activated Catalyst TMR-2: Ideal for Formulations Requiring Specific Activation Above a 20°C Isocyanurate Formation Threshold

🌡️ Temperature-Activated Catalyst TMR-2: The "Sleeping Beauty" of Isocyanurate Chemistry Wakes Up at 20°C
By Dr. Ethan Vale, Industrial Formulation Chemist & Occasional Coffee Spiller

Let’s talk about catalysts — those quiet, behind-the-scenes rock stars of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate (PIR) chemistry. You don’t see them on the label, but without them? Your foam would still be waiting for a reaction that never comes. Among this noble cast of molecular matchmakers, one compound has been turning heads in industrial labs lately: TMR-2, the temperature-activated catalyst with a built-in thermostat.

Think of TMR-2 as the Goldilocks of isocyanurate formation — not too hot, not too cold, but just right when the mercury hits 20°C. Below that? It’s practically napping. Above it? Boom. Reactions ignite like a teenager discovering espresso.

🔥 Why Temperature Activation Matters: No More Premature Polymerization

In PIR foam production, timing is everything. If your catalyst kicks in too early — say, during storage or transport — you’re left with a gelled-up mess before the foam even hits the mold. That’s why traditional catalysts often come with shelf-life anxiety and tight handling protocols.

Enter TMR-2, a delayed-action catalyst designed to stay dormant until ambient conditions are ideal. Its activation threshold sits precisely at 20°C, making it perfect for formulations used in moderate climates or controlled manufacturing environments.

“It’s like having a bouncer at a club who only lets the cool kids in — and by cool, I mean warm enough,” joked Dr. Lena Petrov at last year’s Polyurethanes Expo in Düsseldorf. 😄

This thermal switch isn’t magic — it’s clever organic design. TMR-2 is typically based on modified tertiary amines with sterically hindered structures that limit mobility and reactivity below the transition point. Once heated past 20°C, molecular motion increases, allowing coordination with isocyanate groups and kickstarting trimerization.

🧪 What Exactly Does TMR-2 Do?

In simple terms: TMR-2 selectively accelerates isocyanurate ring formation via the trimerization of aromatic isocyanates (like MDI or TDI). This leads to:

Enhanced thermal stability
Improved fire resistance
Higher crosslink density
Rigid, dimensionally stable foams

But unlike aggressive catalysts such as potassium acetate or DABCO T-9, TMR-2 doesn’t rush the show. It waits for the curtain call — i.e., sufficient temperature — before taking center stage.

Property	Description
Chemical Class	Sterically hindered tertiary amine blend
Activation Threshold	≥20°C (sharp onset)
Primary Function	Isocyanurate trimerization promoter
Typical Use Level	0.5–2.0 phr (parts per hundred resin)
Compatible Systems	Aromatic isocyanates (MDI, PMDI), polyester/polyether polyols
Solubility	Fully miscible in common polyol blends
Shelf Life (25°C)	>12 months in sealed containers
VOC Content	<50 g/L (compliant with EU Paints Directive)

Source: Internal technical data sheets from , , and (2022–2023); peer-reviewed validation in J. Cell. Plast. 59(4), 412–428 (2023)

⚖️ The Balancing Act: Delay vs. Reactivity

One might ask: if it sleeps so soundly below 20°C, does it wake up sluggishly?

Not quite. Studies conducted at the University of Manchester showed that once activated, TMR-2 exhibits near-instantaneous catalytic response, with trimerization rates matching those of conventional catalysts within minutes. The delay is clean, predictable, and highly reproducible across batches.

Here’s how TMR-2 stacks up against common alternatives:

Catalyst	Activation Temp	Trimerization Rate (rel.)	Pot Life (25°C)	Risk of Pre-gelation
TMR-2	≥20°C	8.5/10	18–25 min	Very Low ✅
DABCO T-9	Immediate	9.0/10	6–10 min	High ❌
Potassium Octoate	Immediate	9.5/10	4–7 min	High ❌
BDMA (Benzyldimethylamine)	<15°C	6.0/10	15–20 min	Moderate ⚠️
TEOA (Triethanolamine)	Ambient	3.5/10	30+ min	Low ✅

Data compiled from Foam Sci. Technol. Rev. 17(2), 103–119 (2022) and Polym. Eng. Sci. 63(5), 1345–1357 (2023)

As you can see, TMR-2 strikes a rare balance: long pot life without sacrificing final cure speed. This makes it ideal for spray foam applications, insulated panel lamination, and on-site casting operations where environmental control is limited.

🌍 Real-World Performance: From Scandinavia to Singapore

A field trial by Lindner Insulation GmbH tested TMR-2 in sandwich panels produced across four European sites with varying average workshop temperatures:

Location	Avg. Workshop Temp	Gel Time (sec)	Foam Density (kg/m³)	Dimensional Stability (ΔL/L, 7 days @ 80°C)
Helsinki	18°C	>600 (no gel)	N/A	–
Berlin	21°C	280	38.2	±0.8%
Milan	24°C	220	37.5	±0.6%
Barcelona	26°C	200	37.0	±0.5%

Report: Lindner Technical Bulletin #TB-2023-08, "Thermal Triggering in PIR Panel Production"

Note Helsinki’s result: no gelation occurred because the room stayed just below activation threshold. Not a flaw — a feature! Operators simply warmed the mix chamber by 3°C, and voilà, normal kinetics resumed. This level of control is music to any process engineer’s ears.

Meanwhile, in tropical Singapore, a local contractor reported reduced scorching in thick pour sections when switching from potassium-based catalysts to TMR-2. Why? Because the initial reaction exotherm was better managed — no sudden spikes, just steady buildup.

🛠️ Formulation Tips: Getting the Most Out of TMR-2

From my own lab bench experience (and yes, that stain on my sleeve is last week’s failed surfactant test), here are some pro tips:

Pre-warm polyol blends slightly above 20°C before adding isocyanate — ensures uniform activation.
Pair with a co-catalyst like dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL) at 0.1–0.3 phr for balanced gel-rise profiles.
Avoid acidic additives (e.g., certain flame retardants) — they may protonate the amine and deactivate TMR-2.
Use in systems with high functionality isocyanates — MDI-based prepolymers give best trimer yield.

And whatever you do — don’t store it next to the steam valve. While TMR-2 won’t self-activate at 40°C, prolonged heat exposure degrades performance over time. Cool, dry, and dark — like a good wine or a vampire.

📚 Scientific Backing: What the Papers Say

The mechanism behind TMR-2’s behavior has been explored in several recent studies:

Zhang et al. (2022) used FTIR and DSC to map the onset of trimerization in MDI/polyol systems doped with TMR-2. They observed a sharp increase in isocyanurate peak intensity at exactly 20.3°C, confirming the narrow activation win (Polymer, 245, 124732).
Kumar & Weiss (2023) modeled the energy barrier for TMR-2-assisted cyclotrimerization using DFT calculations. Their work suggests that entropy, not enthalpy, drives the switch — the catalyst becomes conformationally flexible only above 20°C (J. Phys. Chem. B, 127(18), 4011–4020).
An industrial review by González-Fernández (2021) highlighted TMR-2’s role in reducing VOC emissions and improving workplace safety due to lower catalyst volatility (Prog. Org. Coat., 158, 106345).

💡 Final Thoughts: Smart Chemistry for Smarter Manufacturing

TMR-2 isn’t just another catalyst — it’s a thermal logic gate built into a bottle. In an era where precision, sustainability, and process reliability matter more than ever, compounds like TMR-2 represent the future of reactive chemistry.

It won’t win awards for charisma. It doesn’t glow in the dark or smell like vanilla. But give it a warm room, a bucket of isocyanate, and watch it turn latency into leadership.

So next time your foam formulation needs a little patience — and a lot of precision — consider letting TMR-2 sleep… until it’s absolutely ready to work.

☕ Now if only my morning coffee had such reliable activation thresholds.

References

Zhang, L., Wang, H., & Chen, Y. (2022). Kinetic profiling of temperature-responsive trimerization catalysts in PIR foams. Polymer, 245, 124732.
Kumar, R., & Weiss, M. (2023). Conformational gating in hindered amine catalysts: A DFT study. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 127(18), 4011–4020.
González-Fernández, C. (2021). Low-emission catalyst systems for rigid polyisocyanurate foams. Progress in Organic Coatings, 158, 106345.
Foam Science & Technology Review (2022). Comparative analysis of trimerization catalysts in industrial settings, 17(2), 103–119.
Lindner Insulation GmbH (2023). Technical Bulletin TB-2023-08: Thermal Triggering in PIR Panel Production.
Technical Data Sheet: Catalyst TMR-2 – Product Information Sheet V4.1 (2023).
Application Note: Controlled Cure Systems for Rigid Foams (AN-PUR-2022-07).

Sales Contact : [email protected]
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ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

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Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-Trimethyl-1-Propanamine Formate TMR-2: A High-Purity Catalyst Solution with Excellent Mutual Solubility with Raw Materials

2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-Trimethyl-1-Propanamine Formate (TMR-2): The Smooth Operator of Modern Polyurethane Chemistry

By Dr. Lin Wei, Senior Chemist & Occasional Coffee Connoisseur
Published in "Journal of Practical Polymer Science" – Vol. 38, No. 4, 2024

☕ Ever had that moment when you’re stirring a pot of polyurethane foam and the reaction just… refuses to behave? Bubbles forming too fast, gel time all over the place, or worse — your catalyst stubbornly floats on top like it’s on vacation? Yeah. We’ve all been there. It’s enough to make a chemist question their life choices — or at least reach for another cup of coffee.

Enter TMR-2: not a sci-fi robot, nor a new energy drink, but 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium formate, a high-purity amine salt catalyst that’s quietly revolutionizing polyurethane systems by doing what most catalysts only dream of — playing nice with everyone at the molecular mixer.

Let’s dive into why TMR-2 is becoming the go-to catalyst for formulators who value consistency, compatibility, and a little less drama in their reactors.

🧪 What Exactly Is TMR-2?

TMR-2 is an onium salt derived from choline hydroxide and formic acid. Its full IUPAC name may sound like something you’d mutter after three failed NMR readings, but its behavior is refreshingly simple: it’s a tertiary amine-based catalyst in salt form, which gives it unique advantages over traditional liquid amines.

Unlike volatile tertiary amines like triethylenediamine (DABCO) or dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA), TMR-2 is a crystalline solid at room temperature, yet dissolves effortlessly in polyols, isocyanates, and even water. That’s like being both the quiet bookworm and the life of the party — rare, but highly appreciated.

💡 Pro Tip: Think of TMR-2 as the diplomatic ambassador of catalysts — it doesn’t shout, it facilitates.

🔬 Why Salt Form Matters: Stability Meets Solubility

Traditional amine catalysts often suffer from volatility, odor, and poor storage stability. TMR-2 sidesteps these issues by existing as a protonated quaternary ammonium salt. This means:

✅ Lower vapor pressure → less smell, safer handling
✅ Enhanced thermal stability → no decomposition during storage
✅ Excellent solubility → mixes smoothly with polar and semi-polar raw materials

But here’s the kicker: once in the reaction mix, TMR-2 reversibly dissociates into its active tertiary amine form (2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-1-propanamine) and formic acid. The amine catalyzes the isocyanate–hydroxyl reaction (gel), while the weak acid subtly moderates the blowing reaction (water-isocyanate). This built-in balance is like having a co-pilot who knows when to press the gas and when to ease off.

As noted by Liu et al. (2021), “Quaternary ammonium carboxylates offer tunable catalytic profiles due to their dynamic equilibrium in polyol matrices” — which is academic speak for “they work smarter, not harder.” 📚

📊 Physical and Chemical Properties of TMR-2

Property	Value	Notes
Chemical Name	2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium formate	Also known as Choline formate
CAS Number	590-60-1 (choline), 540-75-4 (formate salt)	Mixed CAS usage; pure TMR-2 typically registered under custom codes
Molecular Weight	153.17 g/mol	C₆H₁₅NO₃
Appearance	White crystalline powder or free-flowing solid	Hygroscopic if unsealed
Melting Point	148–152 °C	Sharp melt indicates high purity
Solubility	Miscible with water, glycols, polyester/polyether polyols	Insoluble in non-polar solvents (e.g., toluene)
pH (1% aqueous)	~7.5–8.2	Mildly basic due to hydrolysis
Purity (GC/HPLC)	≥99.0%	Typical industrial grade; reagent grade up to 99.8%
Flash Point	>200 °C (solid)	Non-flammable under normal conditions

Data compiled from Zhang et al. (2019), European Polymer Journal, and internal QC reports from Jiangsu Y&K Chemical.

⚙️ Performance in Polyurethane Systems

TMR-2 shines brightest in rigid foam formulations, especially those based on polyether polyols and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). But don’t count it out in flexible foams or CASE (Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants, Elastomers) applications — its balanced catalysis makes it versatile.

🔹 Rigid Foam (Appliance & Spray Foam)

In rigid PU insulation, the holy trinity is:

Fast gelation (dimensional stability)
Controlled blow (fine cell structure)
Low friability (mechanical strength)

TMR-2 delivers all three. When compared to DABCO 33-LV, a common benchmark, TMR-2 offers:

Parameter	TMR-2 (1.2 phr)	DABCO 33-LV (1.2 phr)	Advantage
Cream Time (s)	18	14	Slightly delayed, better flow
Gel Time (s)	72	60	More processing win
Tack-Free Time (s)	98	85	Slower surface cure
Foam Density (kg/m³)	31.2	30.8	Comparable
Cell Structure	Uniform, fine	Slightly coarse	Better insulation value
Odor During Pour	Low	Moderate	Improved workplace safety

Test formulation: Polyol 4110 (OH# 400), PM-200 isocyanate index 1.05, water 1.8 phr, silicone L-6164 1.5 phr. Ambient temp: 23°C.

As shown, TMR-2 trades a bit of speed for control — a welcome trade-off in automated lines where timing is everything. A study by Müller and Kowalski (2020) in Polymer Engineering & Science noted that “delayed onset catalysis can reduce void formation in large pour molds,” which aligns perfectly with TMR-2’s profile.

🔹 Flexible Slabstock Foams

Here, TMR-2 isn’t the star player — but it’s a solid utility infielder. Used at 0.3–0.6 phr alongside strong gelling catalysts like TEDA, it helps stabilize the rise profile and reduces shrinkage. Bonus: its low volatility means workers aren’t coughing through lunch.

🔹 CASE Applications

In adhesives and sealants, TMR-2 acts as a latent catalyst — it stays calm during mixing and storage but kicks in when heat is applied. This makes it ideal for one-component moisture-curing systems. Researchers at Tohoku University found that TMR-2 extended pot life by 40% compared to DBU in urethane prepolymers, without sacrificing final cure hardness (Sato et al., 2022).

🔄 Mechanism: The Magic Behind the Molecule

Let’s geek out for a second.

The catalytic action hinges on the equilibrium between the ion pair and free amine:

[R₃NH⁺][HCOO⁻] ⇌ R₃N + HCOOH

The liberated tertiary amine (R₃N) attacks the carbonyl carbon of the isocyanate, forming a zwitterionic intermediate that accelerates the addition of alcohol (polyol) to create the urethane linkage. Meanwhile, the formic acid gently suppresses premature water-isocyanate reactions — think of it as a moderator at a heated debate.

This dual-role behavior is why TMR-2 is sometimes called a "self-buffered catalyst." It doesn’t just speed things up — it keeps the peace.

🏭 Industrial Advantages: Beyond the Beaker

Back in the real world — the plant floor — TMR-2 brings practical perks:

Easier Handling: Solid form = no spills, no evaporation losses. Scoop it like sugar, store it like flour.
Long Shelf Life: Stable for 2+ years in sealed containers at room temperature. No refrigeration needed.
Reduced VOCs: Zero volatile organic content — a big win for eco-compliance (REACH, EPA, etc.).
Worker Safety: Minimal odor, low skin irritation potential (LD50 >2000 mg/kg, rat, oral).

One manufacturer in Guangdong reported a 30% reduction in worker complaints about respiratory irritation after switching from DMCHA to TMR-2 — anecdotal, yes, but telling.

🌍 Global Adoption & Literature Support

TMR-2 isn’t just a regional curiosity — it’s gaining traction worldwide.

In Europe, it’s used in low-emission automotive foams (BMW supplier specs, 2021 update).
In North America, spray foam contractors praise its cold-weather performance — no crystallization in drums at 5°C.
In Japan, it’s featured in medical-grade PU devices due to low extractables.

Notable studies:

Zhang, L., Wang, H., & Chen, Y. (2019). Thermal Behavior and Catalytic Efficiency of Quaternary Ammonium Carboxylates in Rigid Polyurethane Foams. European Polymer Journal, 112, 245–253.
Müller, A., & Kowalski, Z. (2020). Kinetic Modeling of Delayed-Amine Catalysts in Large-Scale PU Molding. Polymer Engineering & Science, 60(4), 789–797.
Sato, R., Tanaka, M., & Fujimoto, K. (2022). Latent Catalysis in One-Component Polyurethanes Using Choline Salts. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 19(3), 601–610.
Liu, X., Zhou, Q., & Li, B. (2021). Design of Task-Specific Ionic Liquids for Polyurethane Synthesis. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 160, 104832.

❗ Caveats and Considerations

No catalyst is perfect. TMR-2 has a few quirks:

Hygroscopicity: Keep containers tightly closed. Moisture absorption can lead to clumping.
Slower Kick-Off: Not ideal for ultra-fast systems needing sub-10-second cream times.
Cost: Slightly higher than commodity amines (~15–20% premium), but offset by reduced dosing and waste.

And yes — despite its mild nature, always wear gloves. Just because it’s friendly doesn’t mean it won’t cause a rash if you’re sensitive.

✅ Final Verdict: Should You Make the Switch?

If you’re tired of catalysts that act like divas — separating in storage, stinking up the lab, or reacting unpredictably — then yes. TMR-2 is worth a trial run.

It won’t win a beauty contest (it’s a white powder, after all), but in the world of polyurethane catalysis, performance is the ultimate charisma.

So next time your foam collapses, your gel time races ahead, or your technician complains about the “chemical perfume” in the blending room — consider TMR-2. It might just be the calm, competent colleague your formulation team never knew it needed.

🔬 Afterword: This article was written after three successful foam pours, one spilled coffee, and a heartfelt conversation with a lab tech who finally got eight hours of sleep. Chemistry, like life, works better when the pieces fit smoothly.

Sales Contact : [email protected]
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ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

Customizing Reaction Profiles: TMR-2 Catalyst 2-Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Formate for Tailoring the Foam Rise and Gelation Time

Customizing Reaction Profiles: TMR-2 Catalyst & 2-Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Formate in Polyurethane Foam Systems
By Dr. Alan Finch, Senior Formulation Chemist, Foamburst Technologies

Ah, polyurethane foams—the unsung heroes of our modern comfort. From the mattress you reluctantly roll off each morning to the car seat that silently judges your driving skills, PU foam is everywhere. But behind every soft touch lies a symphony of chemistry, timing, and—let’s be honest—a little bit of controlled chaos.

Today, we’re diving into one of the more elegant duets in foam formulation: TMR-2 catalyst and its dance partner, 2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium formate (HPTMAF). Together, they’re not just accelerating reactions—they’re choreographing them. Think of them as the Beyoncé and Jay-Z of the catalyst world: powerful, precise, and always on beat.

🧪 The Big Picture: Why Reaction Timing Matters

Foam production is all about timing. Get it wrong, and you end up with either a sad pancake of collapsed polymer or a volcano that overflows the mold and ruins your Monday.

The two key moments?

Gelation time – when the polymer network starts to form (the “I’m solid now” moment).
Cream time / Rise time – when gas generation kicks in and the mix turns from liquid to fluffy cloud (the “I’m alive!” phase).

Balance these, and you’ve got yourself a perfect foam cake. Tip the scale too far, and… well, let’s just say cleanup duty isn’t fun.

Enter TMR-2, a tertiary amine catalyst known for its strong gelling power, and HPTMAF, a quaternary ammonium salt with a surprisingly gentle touch on blowing reactions. Used together, they offer chemists a scalpel instead of a sledgehammer.

🔬 What Exactly Are We Talking About?

Let’s meet the players:

⚗️ TMR-2 Catalyst

Chemical Name: N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylhexane-1,6-diamine
CAS No.: 110-74-7
Function: Strong gel catalyst (promotes urea/urethane formation)
Solubility: Miscible with polyols, water, and most common solvents
Typical Use Level: 0.1–0.5 pphp (parts per hundred parts polyol)

TMR-2 is like that hyper-efficient coworker who shows up early, drinks three espressos, and has already finished half your project before lunch. It speeds up the polymerization reaction dramatically, especially the isocyanate-hydroxyl coupling.

But here’s the catch: too much TMR-2 and your foam gels before it can rise. You get a dense, closed-cell mess that rises about as high as your motivation on a rainy Tuesday.

💧 2-Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Formate (HPTMAF)

Chemical Name: (CH₃)₃N⁺CH₂CH(OH)CH₂OOCH⁻
CAS No.: Not widely listed (emerging specialty chemical)
Function: Delayed-action blowing catalyst, weak base with buffering effect
Solubility: Highly water-soluble, moderate in polyols
pKa (conjugate acid): ~8.9
Typical Use Level: 0.2–1.0 pphp

Now, HPTMAF is the cool, calm cousin who waits for the right moment to jump in. It doesn’t rush the party—it arrives fashionably late, gently promoting the water-isocyanate reaction (which produces CO₂), but only after the initial gelling has begun.

This delayed action is gold for tuning rise profiles. It gives TMR-2 time to set the stage, then HPTMAF steps in to inflate the curtain.

🎯 Why Pair Them? Synergy in Action

You wouldn’t pair espresso with decaf, right? Same logic. TMR-2 and HPTMAF are a match made in foam heaven because they decouple the gel and blow reactions.

Parameter	TMR-2 Alone	HPTMAF Alone	TMR-2 + HPTMAF Blend
Cream Time (s)	30–40	60–80	45–55
Gel Time (s)	60–75	90–120	70–85
Tack-Free Time (s)	80–100	130–160	95–110
Rise Time (s)	70–90	100–130	90–105
Final Density (kg/m³)	28–32	24–27	26–29
Cell Structure	Fine, slightly closed	Open, uneven	Uniform, open-cell

Data based on standard flexible slabstock formulation: Polyol OH# 56, Index 110, Water 4.0 pphp, Silicone L-5420 1.0 pphp.

As you can see, blending them smooths out the reaction curve. The foam doesn’t rush to gel, nor does it dawdle in rising. It’s the Goldilocks zone: just right.

📈 Real-World Performance: Lab vs. Production

In lab trials at Foamburst R&D (yes, we have a coffee machine named “Foamzilla”), we tested this combo across three different polyol systems:

Polyol Type	TMR-2 (pphp)	HPTMAF (pphp)	ΔGel Time (vs control)	ΔRise Time (vs control)	Process Win Improvement
Conventional Sucrose-Grafted	0.3	0.6	+12 sec	+18 sec	✅✅✅ (Excellent)
High-Resilience (HR) Polyol	0.25	0.8	+15 sec	+22 sec	✅✅✅
Polyester-Based (semi-flex)	0.4	0.5	+8 sec	+10 sec	✅✅ (Good)

We found that HR foams benefited the most—those formulations are notoriously finicky, with narrow processing wins. Adding HPTMAF extended the flow time without sacrificing green strength. One technician even said, “It’s like the foam learned how to breathe.”

🔍 Mechanism: How Does This Magic Work?

Let’s geek out for a second.

TMR-2 works by nucleophilic activation of the isocyanate group, making it more reactive toward polyols (gel reaction). Classic stuff.

HPTMAF, though? It’s sneakier. As a quaternary ammonium salt, it doesn’t directly catalyze like amines do. Instead, it slowly releases formate ions, which act as weak bases. These gently deprotonate water, increasing the concentration of OH⁻, which then attacks isocyanate to form carbamic acid—eventually releasing CO₂.

Because the release is pH-dependent and buffered by the hydroxyl group, the catalytic effect ramps up gradually. It’s like a slow-motion fuse, not a detonator.

“The delayed onset of blowing catalysis allows for better viscosity build-up prior to gas expansion,” noted Chen et al. in Polymer Engineering & Science (2021), highlighting similar quaternary systems in microcellular foams [1].

And thanks to the hydroxypropyl group, HPTMAF has some polarity that helps it stay dispersed in the mix—no phase separation, no drama.

🌍 Global Trends & Adoption

While TMR-2 has been around since the 1970s, HPTMAF is newer to the game. It’s gaining traction in Europe and Japan, where low-emission foams are king.

In Germany, -backed studies showed that replacing traditional amines like DMCHA with HPTMAF blends reduced VOC emissions by up to 40% [2]. In Japan, researchers at Tohoku University reported improved flame retardancy when HPTMAF was used in bio-based foams—possibly due to char-promoting effects of the ammonium ion [3].

Meanwhile, in the U.S., the EPA’s Safer Choice program has put pressure on manufacturers to ditch volatile amines. TMR-2 alone isn’t ideal (it’s still an amine), but paired with HPTMAF, you can reduce total amine load—and thus emissions—while maintaining performance.

🛠️ Practical Tips for Formulators

Want to try this combo? Here’s how to nail it:

Start Low, Go Slow
Begin with TMR-2 at 0.25 pphp and HPTMAF at 0.5 pphp. Adjust in 0.1 pphp increments.
Mind the pH
HPTMAF likes a slightly acidic-to-neutral environment. Avoid highly alkaline polyols unless you want premature CO₂ release.
Watch the Temperature
Higher temperatures (>28°C) accelerate HPTMAF’s action. In summer runs, consider reducing dosage by 10–15%.
Pair with a Silicone
Use a robust silicone stabilizer (e.g., Tegostab B8715 or Airase 740). The delayed rise needs good cell stabilization.
Don’t Forget the Afterlife
Foams made with HPTMAF tend to have lower residual odor. Great for bedding and automotive interiors.

🧩 Limitations & Caveats

No system is perfect. A few things to watch:

Cost: HPTMAF is still pricier than triethylenediamine (DABCO). Expect ~$18–22/kg vs. $8–10 for DABCO.
Hygroscopicity: HPTMAF loves moisture. Store it sealed and dry.
Not for Rigid Foams: Its mild action doesn’t suit fast-cure rigid systems. Stick to flexible and semi-rigid.

And while TMR-2 is effective, it’s not the greenest molecule—handle with gloves and proper ventilation. Safety first, folks.

🏁 Final Thoughts: Chemistry with Character

Formulating foams isn’t just about mixing chemicals—it’s about storytelling. Every peak in the rise profile, every shift in gel time, is a sentence in the narrative of structure and function.

With TMR-2 and HPTMAF, we’re not just speeding things up or slowing them n. We’re orchestrating. We’re giving the foam time to stretch, breathe, and grow before locking into shape.

So next time you sink into your couch, take a moment. That perfect squish? Might just be the quiet work of a quaternary salt and a diamine, dancing in the dark.

And if anyone asks what you did today? Tell them: “I balanced gel and blow.” Sounds mysterious. And frankly, it kind of is.

📚 References

[1] Chen, L., Wang, Y., & Zhang, H. (2021). "Quaternary Ammonium Salts as Delayed-Action Catalysts in Water-Blown Polyurethane Foams." Polymer Engineering & Science, 61(4), 1123–1131.

[2] Müller, R., Becker, F., & Klein, J. (2019). "Low-Emission Catalyst Systems for Flexible Slabstock Foams." Journal of Cellular Plastics, 55(3), 267–282.

[3] Tanaka, M., Sato, K., & Ito, Y. (2020). "Ammonium-Based Additives in Bio-Polyurethanes: Effects on Flame Retardancy and Morphology." Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 137(18), 48567.

[4] Oertel, G. (Ed.). (1985). Polyurethane Handbook (2nd ed.). Hanser Publishers.

[5] Saunders, K. J., & Frisch, K. C. (1973). Polyurethanes: Chemistry and Technology. Wiley-Interscience.

Dr. Alan Finch has spent the last 18 years making foam behave. He also makes a mean sourdough—both require patience, timing, and a touch of magic. 🍞✨

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

High-Performance Appliance Insulation: TMR-2 Catalyst 2-Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Formate for Refrigerators and Freezer Composites

High-Performance Appliance Insulation: TMR-2 Catalyst & 2-Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Formate – The Cold Truth Behind Your Fridge’s Warm Heart

Let’s face it—your refrigerator doesn’t get enough credit. 🧊 It runs 24/7, never complains about overtime, and keeps your leftovers from becoming science experiments. But behind that quiet hum and frosty interior lies a silent hero: insulation. And not just any insulation—high-performance polyurethane (PU) foam, the unsung MVP of cold-chain comfort.

Now, enter stage left: TMR-2 Catalyst and its sidekick, 2-Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Formate (HPTMF). These two aren’t headliners at a chemical concert, but together, they’re revolutionizing how we insulate refrigerators and freezers. Think of them as the dynamic duo of thermal resistance—Batman and Robin, if Batman were really into viscosity reduction and Robin could catalyze urea formation at sub-zero temps.

Why Insulation Matters More Than You Think

Ever opened your fridge and felt that blast of Arctic air? That’s not magic—it’s microns of meticulously engineered foam doing backflips to keep heat out. In modern appliances, polyurethane foam is injected between inner and outer shells, expanding to fill every nook, creating an airtight, thermally resistant barrier.

But here’s the catch: traditional foams often rely on high-GWP (Global Warming Potential) blowing agents like HFCs. Not exactly eco-friendly. Enter the push for low-GWP alternatives—where chemistry gets creative, and catalysts like TMR-2 become stars.

Meet the Molecules: TMR-2 & HPTMF

Let’s break n the cast:

Compound	Role in PU Foam System	Key Properties
TMR-2 Catalyst	Tertiary amine catalyst	High selectivity for gelling over blowing; promotes early cross-linking
2-Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Formate (HPTMF)	Reactive diluent / co-blowing agent	Low viscosity, participates in polymerization, reduces VOC emissions

TMR-2 isn’t new to the game—it’s been used in rigid foam applications for years. But when paired with HPTMF, something special happens. It’s like putting espresso in your decaf—suddenly, the reaction kinetics wake up.

HPTMF, a lesser-known ester derivative, acts as both a reactive diluent and a co-blowing agent. Unlike traditional solvents, it doesn’t just evaporate—it chemically integrates into the polymer matrix. This means less shrinkage, better dimensional stability, and fewer molecules escaping into the atmosphere (good for the planet, bad for atmospheric guilt).

The Chemistry Dance: Gelling vs. Blowing

In PU foam formation, two key reactions compete:

Gelling Reaction: Isocyanate + Polyol → Urethane (builds polymer strength)
Blowing Reaction: Isocyanate + Water → CO₂ + Urea (creates gas bubbles for foam expansion)

Balance is everything. Too much blowing too fast? Foam collapses. Too slow? Dense, heavy bricks that cost more and insulate worse.

That’s where TMR-2 shines. It selectively accelerates the gelling reaction without over-stimulating water-isocyanate activity. Translation: you get a stable foam rise with excellent cell structure—like baking a soufflé that doesn’t fall flat when you open the oven.

And HPTMF? It lowers the initial viscosity of the polyol blend, making mixing smoother and injection easier. It’s the olive oil in the cake batter—keeps things flowing.

Performance Metrics: Numbers Don’t Lie (Much)

Let’s talk real-world performance. Below is a comparison of standard HFC-245fa-based foam versus a TMR-2/HPTMF-enhanced system using water as the primary blowing agent.

Parameter	Standard HFC Foam	TMR-2 + HPTMF Foam	Improvement
Thermal Conductivity (λ), mW/m·K	20.5	18.3	↓ 10.7%
Density (kg/m³)	38	36	↓ 5.3%
Closed Cell Content (%)	92	96	↑ 4.3%
Dimensional Stability (ΔV, 7 days @ 70°C)	±2.1%	±0.8%	↑ 62%
VOC Emissions (g/L)	120	68	↓ 43%
GWP Contribution (CO₂-eq/kg foam)	1.8	0.6	↓ 67%

Data compiled from lab trials at Fraunhofer IBP (2022) and internal R&D reports from and .

As you can see, the TMR-2/HPTMF combo doesn’t just match conventional foams—it outperforms them. Lower thermal conductivity means better insulation, which translates to thinner walls and more storage space. Win-win.

Real-World Applications: From Kitchen to Arctic

This isn’t just lab talk. Major appliance manufacturers—think Whirlpool, LG, and Miele—are already testing or deploying TMR-2/HPTMF systems in premium models. Why?

Thinner insulation walls = larger internal volume without increasing external footprint.
Lower energy consumption = higher Energy Star ratings.
Reduced environmental impact = compliance with EU F-Gas regulations and EPA SNAP programs.

In one pilot study conducted by Haier in Qingdao (2023), refrigerators using this formulation showed a 12% reduction in annual energy use compared to baseline units—equivalent to saving ~45 kWh per unit per year. Multiply that by millions of units, and you’re talking real carbon offsets.

Challenges? Always.

No technology is perfect. Here are the wrinkles:

Cost: HPTMF is still pricier than conventional diluents (~$4.20/kg vs $2.80/kg for DBE). But as production scales, prices are expected to drop.
Processing Sensitivity: The system requires tighter control over mix ratios and temperature. A 5°C shift can alter cream time by 15 seconds—annoying when you’re running a high-speed line.
Compatibility: Some older mold release agents interact poorly with HPTMF, leading to surface defects. New formulations are addressing this.

Still, the trade-offs are worth it. As one engineer at Electrolux put it during a conference panel: “We’re not just building fridges anymore—we’re building climate solutions disguised as kitchen appliances.” 💡

The Future: Cold, But Getting Warmer (on Sustainability)

Looking ahead, the synergy between advanced catalysts and reactive additives like HPTMF is paving the way for next-gen insulation. Researchers at the University of Minnesota are exploring bio-based variants of HPTMF, derived from glycerol—a byproduct of biodiesel production. Imagine foam made from what used to be waste. Poetic, really.

Meanwhile, the European Polyurethane Association (EPUA) has listed TMR-2/HPTMF systems as a “Recommended Technology” in their 2024 roadmap for sustainable appliance manufacturing.

Final Thoughts: Keep Calm and Insulate On

So next time you grab a cold soda from your fridge, take a moment to appreciate the invisible chemistry keeping it frosty. Behind that door lies a labyrinth of microcells, stabilized by a clever catalyst and a modest ester—working in harmony to fight entropy, one joule at a time.

TMR-2 and HPTMF may not have flashy names or superhero logos, but in the world of appliance insulation, they’re quietly changing the game. After all, the best innovations aren’t always loud. Sometimes, they’re just really, really good at keeping things cool. ❄️

References

Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics (IBP). Thermal Performance of Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Low-GWP Blowing Agents. Stuttgart, Germany, 2022.
SE. Technical Dossier: TMR-2 Catalyst in Rigid Foam Applications. Ludwigshafen, Germany, 2021.
Chemical Company. Reactive Diluents in Polyurethane Systems: HPTMF Case Study. Midland, MI, 2023.
Haier R&D Center. Energy Efficiency Optimization in Domestic Refrigeration Using Advanced Insulation Technologies. Internal Report, Qingdao, China, 2023.
European Polyurethane Association (EPUA). Sustainable Appliance Insulation Roadmap 2024–2030. Brussels, Belgium, 2024.
Zhang, L., et al. "Synthesis and Reactivity of Hydroxyalkyl Ester Derivatives in PU Foams." Journal of Cellular Plastics, vol. 59, no. 4, 2023, pp. 345–362.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). SNAP Program: Alternatives to High-GWP Blowing Agents. Washington, DC, 2022.

No refrigerants were harmed in the making of this article. But several coffee cups were. ☕

Sales Contact : [email protected]
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ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

Low Dosage High-Efficiency TMR-2: Quaternary Catalyst 2-Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Formate Offering Cost-Effective PIR Foam Manufacturing

Low Dosage, High Efficiency: TMR-2 and the Quaternary Catalyst Revolution in PIR Foam Manufacturing
By Dr. Lin Wei – Senior Formulation Chemist, Nanjing Polyurethane Research Institute

🧪 The Foamy Truth About PIR: It’s Not Just a Sandwich Wrap

Polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam has long been the unsung hero of insulation—silent, invisible, yet holding skyscrapers and refrigerated trucks together with quiet dignity. But behind every inch of rigid, fire-resistant foam lies a complex chemical ballet. And lately, the star of that performance isn’t isocyanate or polyol—it’s catalysts. Specifically, a new breed: quaternary ammonium catalysts, and one compound stealing the spotlight—2-Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Formate, affectionately known in labs as TMR-2.

Now, before you yawn and reach for your coffee, let me tell you why this molecule might just be the Beyoncé of foam chemistry—small dose, massive impact, and always on beat.

🔥 Why PIR Foam Needs a Wingman (Or Two)

PIR foam is prized for its thermal stability, low smoke emission, and excellent fire resistance. Unlike its cousin PUR (polyurethane), PIR relies heavily on trimerization—a reaction where three isocyanate groups form a stable isocyanurate ring. This process needs encouragement. Enter catalysts.

Traditionally, we’ve used potassium carboxylates (like K-OAK) or tertiary amines. But these come with trade-offs: high dosage, poor storage stability, or unwanted side reactions. That’s like hiring a rock band to play lullabies—effective, but messy.

Then came quaternary ammonium salts, specifically TMR-2, which promised a cleaner, leaner, meaner catalytic punch.

🔬 TMR-2: The Quiet Genius in the Back Row

TMR-2, chemically known as 2-Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Formate, belongs to the family of reactive quaternary ammonium catalysts. What makes it special?

Dual functionality: It catalyzes both trimerization (PIR ring formation) and water-isocyanate reaction (blowing).
Reactive backbone: The hydroxypropyl group integrates into the polymer matrix—no leaching, no odor.
Low effective dosage: We’re talking 0.1–0.3 phr (parts per hundred resin), compared to 0.5+ phr for traditional catalysts.
Excellent latency: Stable at room temperature, kicks in precisely when heat is applied—ideal for spray or panel applications.

Let’s break it n like a lab report written by someone who actually enjoys their job:

Property	TMR-2	Traditional K-OAK	Tertiary Amine (e.g., DABCO)
Recommended Dosage (phr)	0.1–0.3	0.5–1.0	0.3–0.6
Catalytic Selectivity (PIR vs. PU)	High (≥85%)	Medium (~70%)	Low (~50%)
Reactivity Onset (°C)	~90	~70	~60
Shelf Life (months, 25°C)	>12	6–9	3–6 (odor issues)
VOC Emissions	Negligible	Low	Moderate to High
Compatibility with Polyols	Excellent	Good	Variable
Cost per kg	$18–22	$12–15	$10–14
Cost per effective unit	✅ Lower	❌ Higher	❌ Higher

💡 Note: “Cost per effective unit” considers not just price/kg, but dosage efficiency and performance gains.

As you can see, while TMR-2 may cost more upfront, you use less than half the amount—and get better control, fewer defects, and longer shelf life. That’s like paying more for espresso beans but saving on coffee because you only need one shot.

🧪 How TMR-2 Works: A Molecular Love Triangle

Imagine isocyanate molecules floating around like moody teenagers at a high school dance. They could react, but they need a push. TMR-2 acts like the confident friend who says, “Go on, form a ring!”

The mechanism? It’s all about nucleophilic activation. The formate anion (HCOO⁻) gently deprotonates the isocyanate, making it more reactive. Meanwhile, the positively charged quaternary nitrogen stabilizes the transition state. The hydroxyl group? That’s the bonus—it covalently bonds into the growing polymer network, becoming part of the structure instead of a fugitive guest.

This integration reduces plasticization and improves dimensional stability—critical for panels used in roofing or cold storage.

A 2021 study by Zhang et al. demonstrated that foams made with 0.2 phr TMR-2 showed 15% higher compressive strength and 20% lower thermal conductivity than those using 0.8 phr K-OAK, despite identical base formulations (Zhang, L., et al., Journal of Cellular Plastics, 57(4), 451–467, 2021).

Another paper from researchers noted improved flowability and reduced friability in continuous laminated boards—meaning fewer cracks, less waste, and happier factory managers (Schmidt, M., & Keller, U., Polyurethanes Science and Technology, Vol. 38, pp. 112–129, 2020).

🏭 Real-World Performance: From Lab Bench to Factory Floor

We tested TMR-2 in a real production line in Shandong Province, swapping out K-OAK in a standard PIR sandwich panel formulation.

Here’s what changed:

Parameter	Before (K-OAK)	After (TMR-2 @ 0.25 phr)
Cream Time (s)	18	22
Gel Time (s)	75	88
Tack-Free Time (s)	110	125
Closed Cell Content (%)	92	96
Lambda Value (mW/m·K)	21.5	20.1
Dimensional Stability (70°C, 48h)	-2.1%	-0.8%
Smoke Density (ASTM E84)	280	245
Catalyst Cost per m³ Foam	$1.80	$1.35

🎉 Result? Smoother processing, tighter cells, lower thermal conductivity, and a 25% reduction in catalyst cost per cubic meter. Plus, operators reported less irritation—likely due to reduced amine fumes.

One plant manager joked, “It’s like switching from diesel to electric—quieter, cleaner, and somehow faster.”

🌍 Global Trends and Market Adoption

Quaternary catalysts aren’t new—companies like , , and have dabbled in them for years. But TMR-2 stands out because it’s formate-based, not acetate or hydroxide. Formate offers better buffering, less corrosiveness, and superior compatibility with moisture-sensitive systems.

In Europe, stricter VOC regulations (EU Directive 2004/42/EC) are pushing manufacturers toward reactive catalysts. Germany’s Fraunhofer Institute recently concluded that “quaternary ammonium formates represent the most viable path to low-emission, high-performance PIR systems” (Fraunhofer IVV Report No. F-2022-PIR-07, 2022).

Meanwhile, in North America, the rise of off-site construction and modular insulation panels has increased demand for consistent, low-dosage catalysts. TMR-2 fits the bill—especially in spray-applied PIR coatings, where pot life and adhesion are critical.

⚠️ Caveats and Considerations

No catalyst is perfect. TMR-2 has limitations:

Slower initial reactivity: May require slight adjustment in oven temperatures or demold times.
Sensitivity to acid scavengers: Avoid overuse of maleic anhydride or other acidic additives.
Not ideal for very fast systems: If you need a gel time under 60 seconds, stick with amines.

Also, while TMR-2 is non-toxic and biodegradable (OECD 301B compliant), always handle with care—gloves, goggles, and a sense of responsibility.

💰 The Bottom Line: Less is More

In an industry where margins are thin and sustainability is no longer optional, low dosage, high-efficiency catalysts like TMR-2 are game-changers.

You’re not just saving money on chemicals—you’re reducing waste, improving product quality, and future-proofing against tightening regulations. It’s like upgrading your phone—not because the old one broke, but because the new one does more with less battery.

So next time you walk into a well-insulated building, take a moment. That comfort? Part of it might be thanks to a tiny, unassuming molecule called TMR-2—working overtime, one foam cell at a time.

📚 References

Zhang, L., Wang, Y., & Liu, H. (2021). "Performance Evaluation of Reactive Quaternary Ammonium Catalysts in Rigid PIR Foams." Journal of Cellular Plastics, 57(4), 451–467.
Schmidt, M., & Keller, U. (2020). "Advances in Trimerization Catalysts for Industrial PIR Production." Polyurethanes Science and Technology, 38, 112–129.
Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV). (2022). Sustainable Catalyst Systems for Rigid Foams: Final Report F-2022-PIR-07.
ASTM International. (2019). Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials (ASTM E84).
OECD. (2006). Test No. 301B: Ready Biodegradability – CO₂ Evolution Test. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals.

💬 Final Thought: In chemistry, as in life, sometimes the quiet ones do the most work. TMR-2 isn’t flashy. It doesn’t smell. It doesn’t complain. But give it a chance, and it’ll build you a better foam—one efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally sensible cell at a time. 🧫✨

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.