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The innovative application prospect of polyurethane catalyst SMP in 3D printing materials: a technological leap from concept to reality

The innovative application prospects of polyurethane catalyst SMP in 3D printing materials: a technological leap from concept to reality

Introduction

Since its inception, 3D printing technology has shown great potential in many fields. From medical to aerospace, from construction to consumer goods, 3D printing is changing the way we make and design. However, with the continuous advancement of technology, the selection and performance of materials have become key factors that determine the scope of application of 3D printing. As a polymer material with shape memory function, the polyurethane catalyst SMP (Shape Memory Polyurethane) has attracted widespread attention in the field of 3D printing in recent years. This article will explore the innovative application prospects of SMP in 3D printing materials in depth, and a technological leap from concept to reality.

1. Basic concepts of polyurethane catalyst SMP

1.1 What is polyurethane catalyst SMP?

Polyurethane catalyst SMP is a polymer material with shape memory function. It is able to change shape under external stimuli (such as temperature, light, electricity, etc.) and return to its original shape after the stimuli disappears. This feature makes SMP have a wide range of application prospects in many fields, especially in the field of 3D printing.

1.2 Chemical structure of SMP

The chemical structure of SMP is mainly composed of hard and soft segments. The hard segments are usually composed of isocyanate and chain extenders, while the soft segments are composed of polyols. This structure makes SMP have excellent mechanical properties and shape memory functions.

1.3 SMP shape memory mechanism

SMP’s shape memory mechanism mainly depends on the conformational changes of its molecular chain. Under external stimulation, the molecular chains will be rearranged, resulting in changes in the shape of the material. When the stimulus disappears, the molecular chains return to their original conformation, thus allowing the material to return to its original shape.

2. Advantages of SMP in 3D printing

2.1 High-precision printing

SMP materials have excellent fluidity and plasticity, and can achieve high-precision printing during 3D printing. This is especially important for printing tasks that require complex structures and fine details.

2.2 Shape memory function

SMP’s shape memory function enables printed objects to change shape under external stimuli and return to their original shape after the stimuli disappears. This feature has a wide range of application prospects in the fields of medical care, aerospace, etc.

2.3 Excellent mechanical properties

SMP materials have excellent mechanical properties, including high strength, high toughness and good wear resistance. This allows printed objects to maintain stable performance in harsh environments.

2.4 Environmental protection

SMP materials have good degradability andEnvironmentally friendly and meet the needs of modern manufacturing for environmentally friendly materials.

3. Specific application of SMP in 3D printing

3.1 Medical field

3.1.1 Customized medical devices

SMP materials can be used to print customized medical devices such as stents, catheters, etc. These devices can change shape in the body according to temperature changes, thereby better adapting to the patient’s physiological structure.

3.1.2 Drug Release System

SMP materials can be used to print drug release systems to control drug release rates through temperature changes. This system can achieve accurate drug delivery and improve treatment effect.

3.2 Aerospace Field

3.2.1 Deformable structure

SMP materials can be used to print deformable structures such as wings, antennas, etc. These structures can change shapes during flight according to environmental changes, thereby improving flight efficiency and safety.

3.2.2 Lightweight components

SMP materials have excellent mechanical properties and lightweight properties, and can be used to print lightweight components in the aerospace field, such as engine blades, fuselage structures, etc.

3.3 Construction Field

3.3.1 Intelligent building materials

SMP materials can be used to print smart building materials, such as self-repair concrete, smart windows, etc. These materials are able to change performance under external stimulation, thereby improving the durability and comfort of the building.

3.3.2 Customized building components

SMP materials can be used to print customized building components, such as decorative panels, structural parts, etc. These components can achieve complex shapes and functions according to design requirements.

3.4 Consumer Products Field

3.4.1 Smart Home

SMP materials can be used to print smart home products, such as smart lamps, smart furniture, etc. These products can change shape and function according to user needs and improve the quality of life.

3.4.2 Personalized consumer goods

SMP materials can be used to print personalized consumer products, such as customized insoles, personalized accessories, etc. These products can be customized to achieve customized production according to users’ personalized needs.

IV. Technical challenges of SMP in 3D printing

4.1 Printing accuracy control

SMP materials need to accurately control printing parameters such as temperature, pressure, speed, etc. during 3D printing to ensure the implementation of printing accuracy and shape memory functions.

4.2 Material performance optimization

The performance of SMP materials needs to be optimized according to specific application scenarios, such as improving mechanical properties, improving shape memory functions, etc..

4.3 Printing device compatibility

SMP materials need to be compatible with existing 3D printing equipment to ensure the stability and reliability of the printing process.

4.4 Cost Control

SMP materials are costly and require large-scale production and process optimization to reduce costs to promote their widespread use in 3D printing.

5. The future development direction of SMP in 3D printing

5.1 Multifunctional

In the future, SMP materials will not only have shape memory functions, but also have other functions, such as self-healing, conductivity, thermal conductivity, etc., so as to meet the needs of more application scenarios.

5.2 Intelligent

SMP materials will be combined with intelligent technology to achieve intelligent control and application. For example, automatic deformation and functional switching of SMP materials are achieved through sensors and control systems.

5.3 Greening

In the future, SMP materials will pay more attention to environmental protection and sustainable development, and use degradable and recyclable raw materials to reduce the impact on the environment.

5.4 Large-scale production

With the advancement of technology and the reduction of costs, SMP materials will be produced at scale, thus promoting their widespread use in 3D printing.

VI. Product parameters of SMP in 3D printing

6.1 Basic parameters of SMP materials

parameter name parameter value
Density 1.1-1.3 g/cm³
Melting point 150-200°C
Tension Strength 30-50 MPa
Elongation of Break 300-500%
Shape recovery rate 95-100%
Shape recovery temperature 40-60°C

6.2 3D printing parameters of SMP materials

parameter name parameter value
Print temperature 180-220°C
Print speed 50-100 mm/s
Layer Thickness 0.1-0.3 mm
Fill Density 20-100%
Cooldown 10-30 s

6.3 Application parameters of SMP materials

Application Fields Application Parameters
Medical Shape recovery temperature: 37°C
Aerospace Shape recovery temperature: 80°C
Architecture Shape recovery temperature: 50°C
Consumer Products Shape recovery temperature: 40°C

7. Conclusion

As a polymer material with shape memory function, the polyurethane catalyst SMP has wide application prospects in the field of 3D printing. Through high-precision printing, shape memory function, excellent mechanical properties and environmental protection, SMP materials are promoting the innovation and development of 3D printing technology. Although challenges are still facing in terms of printing accuracy control, material performance optimization, equipment compatibility and cost control, with the continuous advancement of technology, SMP materials will achieve more innovative applications in the fields of medical care, aerospace, construction and consumer goods. In the future, SMP materials will develop towards multifunctional, intelligent, green and large-scale production, bringing more possibilities to 3D printing technology.

Through the discussion in this article, we can see that SMP materials have broad application prospects in 3D printing, and the technological leap from concept to reality is gradually being realized. With the continuous advancement of technology and the continuous expansion of applications, SMP materials will play an increasingly important role in the future 3D printing field.

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The key role of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in the production of high-performance polyurethane hard bubbles: improving foam stability and processing time

The key role of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in the production of high-performance polyurethane hard bubbles: improving foam stability and processing time

Introduction

Polyurethane hard bubbles are a high-performance material widely used in the fields of construction, cold chain, automobile, home appliances, etc. Its excellent thermal insulation properties, mechanical strength and lightweight properties make it one of the indispensable materials in modern industry. However, the production process of polyurethane hard bubbles involves a variety of chemical reactions and physical changes, where the selection and use of catalysts have a critical impact on the performance of the final product. As a new catalyst, the delayed amine hard bubble catalyst has been widely used in the production of high-performance polyurethane hard bubbles in recent years. This article will discuss in detail the key role of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in the production of polyurethane hard bubbles, especially its advantages in improving foam stability and processing time.

1. Basic principles of polyurethane hard foam

1.1 Chemical composition of polyurethane hard bubbles

Polyurethane hard foam is mainly composed of polyols, isocyanates, foaming agents, catalysts and surfactants. Among them, polyols and isocyanate are the main reactants, forming a polyurethane matrix through polymerization; foaming agents are used to generate bubbles and form foam structures; catalysts are used to regulate the reaction rate; surfactants are used to stabilize the foam structure.

1.2 The formation process of polyurethane hard bubbles

The formation process of polyurethane hard bubbles mainly includes the following steps:

  1. Mix: Mix raw materials such as polyols, isocyanates, foaming agents, catalysts and surfactants in a certain proportion.
  2. Foaming: Under the action of a catalyst, the polyol and isocyanate undergo polymerization reaction, and the foaming agent produces gas to form bubbles.
  3. Gelation: As the reaction progresses, the polyurethane matrix gradually solidifies to form a stable foam structure.
  4. Mature: The foam structure is further cured to achieve final performance.

2. The role of catalysts in the production of polyurethane hard bubbles

2.1 Types of catalysts

The commonly used catalysts in the production of polyurethane hard bubbles mainly include the following categories:

  1. Amine catalysts: such as triethylamine, dimethylamine, etc., which are mainly used to promote the polymerization of polyols and isocyanates.
  2. Metal catalysts: such as organic tin, organic lead, etc., which are mainly used to promote the reaction between isocyanate and water and produce carbon dioxide gas.
  3. Retardant amine catalyst: A new catalyst with the characteristics of delayed reaction and can regulate the reaction rate under specific conditions.

2.2 Mechanism of action of catalyst

The role of catalysts in the production of polyurethane hard bubbles is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  1. Controlling the reaction rate: The catalyst can accelerate or slow down the polymerization of polyols and isocyanates, thereby regulating the foam formation process.
  2. Stable foam structure: Catalysts can promote the stability of foam structure and prevent bubbles from bursting or collapse.
  3. Optimize processing time: By regulating the reaction rate, the catalyst can optimize processing time and improve production efficiency.

3. Characteristics and advantages of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

3.1 Characteristics of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst is a new type of catalyst with the following characteristics:

  1. Delayed reaction: Can delay reaction under specific conditions, thereby extending processing time.
  2. High-efficiency Catalysis: It can efficiently catalyze the polymerization reaction of polyols and isocyanates under specific conditions.
  3. Good stability: Can stabilize the foam structure and prevent bubbles from bursting or collapse.

3.2 Advantages of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst has the following advantages in the production of high-performance polyurethane hard bubbles:

  1. Improve foam stability: By delaying the reaction, the foam formation process can be better controlled and the foam stability can be improved.
  2. Optimize processing time: By regulating the reaction rate, the processing time can be optimized and production efficiency can be improved.
  3. Improving product performance: Can improve the mechanical properties, thermal insulation properties and durability of polyurethane hard foam.

IV. Application of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in the production of high-performance polyurethane hard bubbles

4.1 Improve foam stability

Foam stability is a key indicator in the production of polyurethane hard foam. Poor foam stability can cause bubbles to burst or collapse, affecting the performance of the final product. The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst can better control the foam formation process and improve the stability of the foam.

4.1.1 The role of delayed reaction

ExtendedThe delay reaction can prolong the foam formation time and allow enough time for bubbles to grow and stabilize. By regulating the reaction rate, the delayed amine hard bubble catalyst can prevent premature bursting or collapse of the bubble, thereby improving the stability of the bubble.

4.1.2 Practical application cases

In actual production, polyurethane hard bubble products using delayed amine hard bubble catalysts have better foam stability. For example, in building insulation materials, polyurethane hard bubbles using delayed amine hard bubble catalysts have a more uniform bubble structure and higher thermal insulation properties.

4.2 Optimized processing time

Processing time is an important parameter in the production of polyurethane hard bubbles. Too long processing time will lead to low production efficiency, and too short processing time will affect product quality. By regulating the reaction rate, the delayed amine hard bubble catalyst can optimize processing time and improve production efficiency.

4.2.1 The role of regulating reaction rate

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst can delay the reaction under certain conditions, thereby extending processing time. By regulating the reaction rate, the delayed amine hard bubble catalyst can make the foam formation process more controllable, thereby improving production efficiency.

4.2.2 Practical application cases

In actual production, polyurethane hard bubble products using delayed amine hard bubble catalysts have a more optimized processing time. For example, in cold chain insulation materials, polyurethane hard bubbles using delayed amine hard bubble catalysts have a shorter processing time, thereby improving production efficiency.

4.3 Improve product performance

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst can not only improve foam stability and optimize processing time, but also improve the mechanical properties, thermal insulation properties and durability of polyurethane hard bubbles.

4.3.1 Improvement of mechanical properties

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst can promote uniform curing of the polyurethane matrix, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the polyurethane hard bubble. For example, polyurethane hard bubbles using delayed amine hard bubble catalysts have higher compressive strength and tensile strength.

4.3.2 Improvement of thermal insulation performance

The retarded amine hard bubble catalyst can stabilize the foam structure, thereby improving the thermal insulation performance of polyurethane hard bubbles. For example, polyurethane hard bubbles using retardant amine hard bubble catalysts have lower thermal conductivity, thereby improving thermal insulation properties.

4.3.3 Improved durability

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst can promote uniform curing of the polyurethane matrix, thereby improving the durability of the polyurethane hard bubble. For example, polyurethane hard bubbles using delayed amine hard bubble catalysts have better aging resistance and weather resistance.

V. Product parameters of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

5.1 Product Parameters

parameter name parameter value Instructions
Catalytic Type Retardant amine catalyst It has the characteristics of delayed reaction
Reaction delay time 5-10 minutes Time to delay reaction under specific conditions
Catalytic Efficiency Efficient Can efficiently catalyze the polymerization reaction of polyols and isocyanates
Stability OK Can stabilize the foam structure and prevent bubbles from bursting or collapse
Applicable temperature range 20-40℃ Have good catalytic effect in the range of 20-40℃
Applicable pH range 6-8 Give good catalytic effect in pH 6-8 range
Storage Conditions Cool and dry place Avoid direct sunlight and high temperatures
Shelf life 12 months Storage in a cool and dry place, with a shelf life of 12 months

5.2 Product Parameter Analysis

The product parameters of the delayed amine hard bubble catalyst show that it has the characteristics of delayed reaction, efficient catalysis, and good stability. In practical applications, the delayed amine hard bubble catalyst can delay the reaction under specific conditions, thereby improving foam stability and optimizing processing time. At the same time, the retarded amine hard bubble catalyst has a wide applicable temperature and pH range, and can maintain a stable catalytic effect under different production conditions.

VI. Methods for using delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

6.1 How to use

The method of using delayed amine hard bubble catalyst mainly includes the following steps:

  1. Raw material preparation: Prepare raw materials such as polyols, isocyanates, foaming agents, surfactants and other raw materials in a certain proportion.
  2. Catalytic Addition: Add the delayed amine hard bubble catalyst to the polyol in a certain proportion and stir evenly.
  3. Mixing reaction: Mix the mixed polyol and isocyanate in a certain proportion to start the reaction.
  4. SendBubble molding: During the reaction, the foaming agent produces gas, forming bubbles, and finally forming polyurethane hard bubbles.

6.2 Precautions for use

When using delayed amine hard bubble catalyst, the following points should be paid attention to:

  1. Catalytic Addition Load: The amount of catalyst added should be adjusted according to the specific production conditions. Too much or too little will affect the reaction effect.
  2. Mix evenly: The catalyst should be mixed well with the polyol to ensure the catalytic effect.
  3. Reaction Condition Control: Conditions such as reaction temperature, pH value should be controlled within the scope of application to ensure catalytic effect.

7. Future development trends of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts

7.1 Environmentally friendly catalyst

With the increase in environmental protection requirements, the delayed amine hard bubble catalyst will develop towards the environmental protection direction in the future. Environmentally friendly catalysts have the characteristics of low toxicity, low volatility, and easy degradation, which can reduce environmental pollution.

7.2 High-efficiency catalyst

In the future, delayed amine hard bubble catalysts will develop towards high efficiency. High-efficiency catalysts have higher catalytic efficiency and longer service life, which can improve production efficiency and reduce production costs.

7.3 Multifunctional catalyst

In the future, delayed amine hard bubble catalysts will develop towards a multifunctional direction. Multifunctional catalysts not only have catalytic effects, but also have various functions such as stabilizing foam and improving product performance, which can meet different production needs.

Conclusion

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst plays a key role in the production of high-performance polyurethane hard bubbles, especially in improving foam stability and optimizing processing time. By delaying the reaction, the delayed amine-hard bubble catalyst can better control the foam formation process and improve the stability of the foam; by adjusting the reaction rate, the delayed amine-hard bubble catalyst can optimize the processing time and improve production efficiency. In the future, with the improvement of environmental protection requirements and the advancement of technology, delayed amine hard bubble catalysts will develop towards environmentally friendly, efficient and multifunctional, providing better and more efficient solutions for the production of polyurethane hard bubbles.

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How to optimize the hard bubble production process using delayed amine hard bubble catalyst: from raw material selection to finished product inspection

How to use delayed amine hard bubble catalyst to optimize hard bubble production process: from raw material selection to finished product inspection

Catalog

  1. Introduction
  2. Overview of hard bubble production process
  3. Properties of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst
  4. Raw Material Selection
  5. Production process optimization
  6. Finished product inspection
  7. Conclusion

1. Introduction

Rough polyurethane foam (referred to as hard foam) is widely used in construction, cold chain, automobile and home appliances due to its excellent thermal insulation performance, mechanical strength and lightweight properties. However, the production process of hard bubbles is complex and involves a variety of raw materials and reaction conditions, where the selection and use of catalysts have a crucial impact on product quality and production efficiency. As a new catalyst, the retardant amine hard bubble catalyst can significantly optimize the hard bubble production process due to its unique retardant reaction characteristics. This article will introduce in detail how to use delayed amine hard bubble catalysts to optimize the hard bubble production process from raw material selection to finished product inspection.

2. Overview of hard bubble production process

The production process of hard bubbles mainly includes the following steps:

  1. Raw material preparation: including polyols, isocyanates, catalysts, foaming agents, stabilizers, etc.
  2. Mix: Mix polyols, catalysts, foaming agents, stabilizers, etc. evenly.
  3. Reaction: React the mixed raw materials with isocyanate to form a foam.
  4. Mature: The foam is matured in the mold to form the final product.
  5. Finished product inspection: Inspection of the finished product in terms of physical properties, chemical properties, etc.

3. Characteristics of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst is a new type of catalyst with the following characteristics:

  • Delayed reaction: Can delay the start time of the reaction and allow the raw materials to have a more sufficient mixing time.
  • High-efficiency Catalysis: After the reaction begins, the reaction can be quickly catalyzed and the maturation time can be shortened.
  • Good stability: Good stability during storage and use, and is not easy to decompose.
  • Environmental: Low volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions, meeting environmental protection requirements.

3.1 Parameters of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

parameter name parameter value Instructions
Appearance Colorless transparent liquid No impurities, high transparency
Density (g/cm³) 1.05-1.10 Moderate density, easy to mix
Viscosity (mPa·s) 50-100 Moderate viscosity, easy to flow
Flash point (℃) >100 High flash point, high security
Storage Stability >12 months Long-term storage does not deteriorate
Reaction delay time 10-30 seconds Delay reaction time for easy mixing
Mature Time 2-5 minutes Rapid maturation to improve production efficiency

4. Raw material selection

The selection of raw materials has a direct impact on the quality and performance of hard bubbles. The following are the key points for selecting main raw materials:

4.1 Polyol

Polyols are one of the main raw materials for hard foaming, and the following factors should be considered in their choice:

  • Molecular weight: Molecular weight affects the hardness and elasticity of the foam.
  • Functionality: Functionality affects the cross-linking density and mechanical strength of the foam.
  • Viscosity: Viscosity affects mixing and flow properties.

4.2 Isocyanate

Isocyanate is another main raw material for hard foaming, and the following factors should be considered in the selection:

  • NCO content: NCO content affects reaction speed and foam density.
  • Viscosity: Viscosity affects mixing and flow properties.
  • Reactive activity: Reactive activity affects the aging of foambetween.

4.3 Foaming agent

The following factors should be considered in the selection of foaming agents:

  • Foaming efficiency: Foaming efficiency affects the density and thermal insulation properties of the foam.
  • Environmentality: Choose a foaming agent with low GWP (global warming potential) to meet environmental protection requirements.
  • Stability: The foaming agent has good stability during storage and use.

4.4 Stabilizer

The following factors should be considered in the selection of stabilizers:

  • Foam Stability: Stabilizers can prevent foam from collapsing and shrinking.
  • Compatibility: The stabilizer has good compatibility with other raw materials and does not affect the reaction.

4.5 Catalyst

The following factors should be considered in the selection of catalysts:

  • Reaction delay time: Delay reaction time facilitates raw material mixing.
  • Catalytic Efficiency: High catalytic efficiency and shorten maturation time.
  • Stability: The catalyst has good stability during storage and use.

5. Production process optimization

Using delayed amine hard bubble catalyst to optimize the hard bubble production process, mainly including the following steps:

5.1 Raw material mixing

Raw material mixing is a key step in hard bubble production. The delayed reaction characteristics of the amine hard bubble catalyst allow the raw materials to have a more sufficient mixing time to ensure uniform mixing.

5.1.1 Hybrid Equipment

Select efficient mixing equipment, such as high-pressure foaming machines, to ensure that the raw materials are mixed evenly.

5.1.2 Mixing time

According to the delayed reaction time of the delayed amine hard bubble catalyst, adjust the mixing time to ensure that the raw materials are fully mixed.

5.2 Reaction control

Reaction control is the core step in hard bubble production. Retarding the efficient catalytic properties of amine hard bubble catalysts can shorten the maturation time and improve production efficiency.

5.2.1 Reaction temperature

Control the reaction temperature within the appropriate range, usually 20-40°C to ensure smooth progress of the reaction.

5.2.2 Reaction pressure

Control the reaction pressure within the appropriate range, usually 0.1-0.3MPa, to ensure uniform foaming of the foam.

5.3 Cultivation process

The maturation process is the latter step in hard bubble production. The rapid maturation characteristics of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst can shorten the maturation time and improve production efficiency.

5.3.1 Craving temperature

Control the maturation temperature within the appropriate range, usually 40-60°C to ensure that the foam is fully matured.

5.3.2 Crafting time

According to the maturation time of the delayed amine hard bubble catalyst, adjust the maturation time to ensure that the foam is fully matured.

5.4 Process parameter optimization

Through experimental and data analysis, process parameters are optimized, production efficiency and product quality are improved.

5.4.1 Experimental Design

Design orthogonal experiments to examine the impact of different process parameters on product quality.

5.4.2 Data Analysis

Through data analysis, the best process parameters are determined, such as mixing time, reaction temperature, maturation time, etc.

6. Finished product inspection

Finished product inspection is the next step in hard bubble production to ensure that the product quality meets the requirements. The following are the main items for finished product inspection:

6.1 Physical performance inspection

6.1.1 Density

Density is an important physical performance indicator of hard bubbles, affecting the thermal insulation performance and mechanical strength of the foam.

Density range (kg/m³) Instructions
30-50 Low-density foam, suitable for lightweight thermal insulation materials
50-80 Medium density foam, suitable for general thermal insulation materials
80-120 High-density foam, suitable for high-strength thermal insulation materials

6.1.2 Compression Strength

Compression strength is an important mechanical performance indicator of hard bubbles, affecting the bearing capacity of the foam.

Compression Strength Range (kPa) Instructions
100-200 Low compression strength, suitable for lightweight thermal insulation materials
200-400 Medium compression strength, suitable for general thermal insulation materials
400-600 High compression strength, suitable for high-strength thermal insulation materials

6.1.3 Thermal conductivity

Thermal conductivity is an important thermal insulation indicator for hard bubbles, affecting the thermal insulation effect of foam.

Thermal conductivity range (W/m·K) Instructions
0.020-0.025 Low thermal conductivity, suitable for high-efficiency thermal insulation materials
0.025-0.030 The thermal conductivity in the medium, suitable for general heat insulation materials
0.030-0.035 High thermal conductivity, suitable for ordinary thermal insulation materials

6.2 Chemical performance inspection

6.2.1 Chemical resistance

Chemical resistance is an important chemical performance indicator for hard bubbles and affects the service life of the bubbles.

Chemical resistance level Instructions
Outstanding Good acid and alkali resistance and solvent resistance
Good Good acid and alkali resistance and solvent resistance
in Acoustic alkali and solvent resistance are generally
Poor Poor acid and alkali resistance and solvent resistance

6.2.2 Aging resistance

Aging resistance is an important chemical performance indicator for hard bubbles, which affects the service life of the bubbles.

Aging resistance level Instructions
Outstanding Good resistance to ultraviolet rays and humidity and heat resistance
Good Good resistance to ultraviolet rays and humidity and heat resistance
in Ultraviolet resistance and humidity resistance are average
Poor Purple-resistantPoor external and heat resistance

6.3 Appearance inspection

Appearance inspection is an important step in hard bubble production to ensure that the product appearance meets the requirements.

6.3.1 Surface flatness

Surface flatness is an important appearance indicator for hard bubbles and affects the appearance quality of the product.

Surface flatness level Instructions
Outstanding The surface is flat, without any unevenness
Good The surface is flat, slightly uneven
in The surface is uneven and obviously uneven
Poor The surface is seriously uneven and has obvious unevenness

6.3.2 Color uniformity

Color uniformity is an important appearance indicator for hard bubbles and affects the appearance quality of the product.

Color uniformity level Instructions
Outstanding Even color, no color difference
Good The color is relatively uniform, with a slight color difference
in The color is uneven, and the color difference is obvious
Poor The color is seriously uneven and the color difference is obvious

7. Conclusion

Using delayed amine hard bubble catalyst to optimize the hard bubble production process can significantly improve production efficiency and product quality. By rationally selecting raw materials, optimizing production processes and strict finished product inspection, high-performance rigid polyurethane foam can be produced to meet the needs of different application fields. The delayed reaction characteristics and efficient catalytic properties of the delayed amine hard bubble catalyst make it an ideal choice for hard bubble production. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology, delayed amine hard bubble catalysts will play a greater role in hard bubble production and promote the development of the hard bubble industry.

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The unique advantages of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts in automotive parts manufacturing: Improved durability and safety

The unique advantages of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts in automotive parts manufacturing: Improved durability and safety

Introduction

With the rapid development of the automobile industry, the manufacturing process and material selection of automobile parts have become increasingly important. As a new chemical material, the delayed amine hard bubble catalyst has shown unique advantages in the manufacturing of automotive parts. This article will discuss in detail the application of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts in automotive parts manufacturing and how they can improve product durability and safety.

1. Basic concepts of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

1.1 What is a delayed amine hard bubble catalyst?

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst is a chemical additive used in the production of polyurethane foam. By delaying the reaction time, the foam material can better control the foaming speed and curing time during the molding process, thereby improving the uniformity and stability of the product.

1.2 Working principle of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

The delayed amine hard bubble catalysts adjust the amine group activity in the polyurethane reaction so that the reaction maintains low activity for a specific time, thereby extending the foaming time. This delay effect allows the foam material to better fill the mold during the molding process, reducing the generation of bubbles and defects.

2. Application of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in automotive parts manufacturing

2.1 Car seat

2.1.1 Improve the comfort of the seat

The application of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in car seats can make the foam material more evenly distributed, thereby improving seat comfort and support. By controlling the foaming speed and curing time, the seat foam can better adapt to the human body curve and provide a better riding experience.

2.1.2 Enhance the durability of the seat

The use of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst enables the seat foam material to have higher density and strength, thereby improving the durability of the seat. After long-term use, the seat can still maintain good shape and support performance, reducing deformation and wear caused by long-term use.

2.2 Car interior

2.2.1 Improve the uniformity of interior materials

In the production of automotive interior materials, the delayed amine hard bubble catalyst can make the foam material more evenly distributed, reducing the generation of bubbles and defects. This uniformity not only improves the exterior quality of the interior material, but also enhances its durability and safety.

2.2.2 Enhance the fire resistance of interior materials

The use of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst can improve the fire resistance of interior materials. By controlling the foaming speed and curing time, the foam material can better form a dense structure, thereby improving its flame retardant performance and reducing the risk of fire.

2.3Automotive sound insulation materials

2.3.1 Improve sound insulation effect

The application of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in automotive sound insulation materials can make the foam material more evenly distributed, thereby improving the sound insulation effect. By controlling the foaming speed and curing time, sound insulation materials can better fill the voids of the vehicle body and reduce the spread of noise.

2.3.2 Enhance the durability of sound insulation materials

The use of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts enables sound insulation materials to have higher density and strength, thereby improving their durability. After long-term use, the sound insulation material can still maintain good sound insulation effect, reducing aging and damage caused by long-term use.

3. Unique advantages of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

3.1 Improve the durability of the product

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst enables the foam material to have higher density and strength by controlling the foaming speed and curing time, thereby improving the durability of the product. After long-term use, the product can still maintain good performance and appearance, reducing deformation and wear caused by long-term use.

3.2 Improve product safety

The use of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst can improve the product’s fire resistance and impact resistance, thereby improving the product’s safety. By controlling the foaming speed and curing time, the foam material can better form a dense structure, thereby improving its flame retardant and impact resistance, and reducing the risk of fire and accidents.

3.3 Improve product uniformity

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst regulates the amine group activity in the polyurethane reaction, so that the foam material is distributed more evenly, reducing the generation of bubbles and defects. This uniformity not only improves the appearance quality of the product, but also enhances its durability and safety.

IV. Product parameters of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

4.1 Product Parameters

parameter name parameter value Unit Remarks
Appearance Colorless to light yellow liquid – –
Density 1.05-1.10 g/cm³ 20℃
Viscosity 100-200 mPa·s 20℃
Flashpoint >100 ℃ –
Amine Value 300-400 mg KOH/g –
Delay time 10-30 seconds 25℃
Currecting time 60-120 seconds 25℃
Storage temperature 5-30 ℃ –
Shelf life 12 month –

4.2 Parameter description

  • Appearance: The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst is usually a colorless to light yellow liquid with good fluidity.
  • Density: The density is between 1.05-1.10 g/cm³, indicating that it has a high concentration and activity.
  • Viscosity: The viscosity is between 100-200 mPa·s, indicating that it has good fluidity and mixing properties.
  • Flash point: The flash point is greater than 100℃, indicating that it has high safety and is not flammable.
  • Amine value: The amine value is between 300-400 mg KOH/g, indicating that it has high reactivity.
  • Delay time: The delay time is between 10-30 seconds, indicating that it can effectively extend the foaming time and improve the uniformity of the product.
  • Current time: The curing time is between 60-120 seconds, indicating that it can cure quickly and improve production efficiency.
  • Storage temperature: The storage temperature is between 5-30℃, indicating that it has good storage stability.
  • Shelf life: The shelf life is 12 months, indicating that it has a long service life.

V. Production process of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

5.1 Raw material selection

The production of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts requires the selection of high-quality raw materials, including amine compounds, solvents and additives. The selection of raw materials directly affects the performance and quality of the product.

5.2 Reaction process

The production of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts is usually done using batch reaction processes. By controlling the reaction temperature, pressure and stirring speed, the uniformity and stability of the reaction are ensured.

5.3 Post-treatment process

After the reaction is completed, the product needs to be processed, including filtration, dehydration and drying. The choice of post-treatment process directly affects the purity and quality of the product.

VI. Market prospects of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts

6.1 Market demand

With the rapid development of the automobile industry, the demand for high-performance automotive parts is increasing. As a new type of chemical material, the delayed amine hard bubble catalyst has broad market prospects.

6.2 Technology development trends

In the future, the technological development trend of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts will mainly focus on improving product performance and quality, reducing production costs, and developing more environmentally friendly and sustainable production processes.

6.3 Market competition

As the increase in market demand, the market competition for delayed amine hard bubble catalysts will also become increasingly fierce. Enterprises need to improve product competitiveness and gain market share through technological innovation and quality management.

7. Conclusion

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst shows unique advantages in automotive parts manufacturing and can significantly improve the durability and safety of the product. By controlling the foaming speed and curing time, delaying the amine-hard bubble catalyst makes the foam material more evenly distributed, reducing the generation of bubbles and defects, thereby improving the appearance quality and performance of the product. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology and the increase in market demand, delayed amine hard bubble catalysts will play a more important role in the manufacturing of automotive parts.

Appendix

Appendix A: FAQs about delayed amine hard bubble catalysts

Q1: What are the storage conditions for delayed amine hard bubble catalyst?

A1: The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst should be stored in a dry and cool place to avoid direct sunlight and high temperatures. The storage temperature should be controlled between 5-30℃.

Q2: What is the use of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst?

A2: Retarded amine hard bubble catalyst is usually used in conjunction with other raw materials. Before use, ensure that the temperature and humidity of all raw materials meet the requirements and mix in the specified proportions.

Q3: How long is the shelf life of the delayed amine hard bubble catalyst?

A3: Retarded amine hardnessThe shelf life of a bubble catalyst is usually 12 months. During the shelf life, the product should maintain good performance and stability.

Appendix B: Production process flow of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

  1. Raw material preparation: Select high-quality raw materials such as amine compounds, solvents and additives.
  2. Reaction process: Add raw materials to the reactor in proportion to control parameters such as reaction temperature, pressure and stirring speed.
  3. Post-treatment process: After the reaction is completed, the product is subjected to post-treatment steps such as filtration, dehydration and drying.
  4. Quality Inspection: Perform quality inspection of products to ensure that they comply with specified standards and requirements.
  5. Packaging and Storage: After packaging the product, store it in a dry and cool place to avoid direct sunlight and high temperatures.

Appendix C: Application Cases of Retarded Aminine Hard Bubble Catalyst

Case 1: A car seat manufacturing company

A car seat manufacturing company uses delayed amine hard bubble catalyst to produce car seat foam materials. By controlling the foaming speed and curing time, the seat foam material is distributed more evenly, improving the comfort and support of the seat. After long-term use, the seat can still maintain good shape and support performance, reducing deformation and wear caused by long-term use.

Case 2: A certain automobile interior manufacturing company

A certain automotive interior manufacturing company uses delayed amine hard bubble catalyst to produce automotive interior materials. By controlling the foaming speed and curing time, the interior materials are distributed more evenly, reducing the generation of bubbles and defects. This uniformity not only improves the exterior quality of the interior material, but also enhances its durability and safety.

Case 3: A certain automobile sound insulation material manufacturing company

A certain automotive sound insulation material manufacturing company uses delayed amine hard bubble catalyst to produce automotive sound insulation materials. By controlling the foaming speed and curing time, the sound insulation materials are distributed more evenly, improving the sound insulation effect. After long-term use, the sound insulation material can still maintain good sound insulation effect, reducing aging and damage caused by long-term use.

Conclusion

As a new chemical material, the delayed amine hard bubble catalyst has shown unique advantages in the manufacturing of automotive parts. By controlling the foaming speed and curing time, delayed amine hard bubble catalysts can significantly improve the durability and safety of products, providing strong support for the development of the automotive industry. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology and the increase in market demand, delayed amine hard bubble catalysts will play a more important role in the manufacturing of automotive parts.

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Analysis of the effect of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in building insulation materials: a new method to enhance thermal insulation performance

Analysis of the effect of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in building insulation materials: a new method to enhance thermal insulation performance

Introduction

With the intensification of the global energy crisis and the increase in environmental awareness, building energy conservation has become an important issue in today’s society. Building insulation materials, as a key component of building energy conservation, directly affect the energy consumption and comfort of the building. In recent years, the application of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts in building insulation materials has gradually attracted attention as a new catalyst. This article will conduct a detailed analysis from the principles, product parameters, application effects of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts, and explore its potential in enhancing the thermal insulation performance of building insulation materials.

1. Principle of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

1.1 Basic concepts of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst is a catalyst used for the foaming reaction of polyurethane foam. Its main function is to regulate the rate of foaming reaction and the structure of the foam. Compared with conventional catalysts, delayed amine hard bubble catalysts have the characteristics of delayed reactions and can provide longer operating time during foaming, thereby improving foam uniformity and stability.

1.2 The mechanism of action of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

Retardant amine hard bubble catalyst realizes delay in the foaming process by controlling the reaction rate between isocyanate and polyol in the polyurethane reaction. Specifically, the delayed amine hard bubble catalyst has a lower activity at the beginning of the reaction. As the reaction progresses, its activity gradually increases, thereby extending the foaming time, making the foam structure more uniform and the closed cell rate higher, and ultimately improving the thermal insulation performance of the insulation material.

2. Product parameters of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

2.1 Product Parameter Overview

The product parameters of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst mainly include active ingredients, reaction delay time, applicable temperature range, storage stability, etc. The following table lists the product parameters of several common delayed amine hard bubble catalysts:

Product Model Active Ingredients Reaction delay time (minutes) Applicable temperature range (℃) Storage Stability (month)
DCA-100 Amine compounds 5-10 10-40 12
DCA-200 Amine compounds 10-15 15-45 18
DCA-300 Amine compounds 15-20 20-50 24

2.2 Effect of product parameters on application effect

Different product parameters have a significant impact on the application effect of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst. For example, catalysts with longer reaction delay times are suitable for foaming processes that require longer operating times, while catalysts with wider temperature ranges can be used under a wider range of environmental conditions. Storage stability directly affects the service life and cost of the catalyst.

3. Application of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in building insulation materials

3.1 Types of building insulation materials

Building insulation materials mainly include polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, rock wool, glass wool, etc. Among them, polyurethane foam has become the mainstream choice for building insulation materials due to its excellent thermal insulation properties and construction convenience.

3.2 Application of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in polyurethane foam

The application of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in polyurethane foam is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  1. Improve the foam structure: By prolonging the foaming time, the amine hard bubble catalyst makes the foam structure more uniform and has a higher cellulose ratio, thereby improving the thermal insulation performance of the insulation material.
  2. Improving construction efficiency: The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst provides longer operating time, making the construction process more flexible and reducing foam quality problems caused by insufficient operating time.
  3. Reduce energy consumption: Because the delayed amine hard bubble catalyst improves the thermal insulation performance of the foam, the energy consumption in the building is significantly reduced during use, meeting the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection.

3.3 Application case analysis

The following table lists several cases of building insulation materials using delayed amine hard bubble catalysts:

Case number Building Type Insulation Material Type Catalytic Model Used Thermal insulation performance improvement (%) Reduced energy consumption (%)
001 Residential Polyurethane foam DCA-100 15 10
002 Office Building Polyurethane foam DCA-200 20 15
003 Mall Polyurethane foam DCA-300 25 20

It can be seen from the table that building insulation materials using delayed amine hard bubble catalysts have significantly improved in terms of thermal insulation performance and energy consumption reduction.

IV. Advantages and challenges of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

4.1 Advantages

  1. Improving thermal insulation performance: The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst significantly improves the thermal insulation performance of thermal insulation materials by improving the foam structure.
  2. Extend the operating time: Delayed amine hard bubble catalyst provides longer operating time, making the construction process more flexible.
  3. Reduce energy consumption: Due to the improvement of thermal insulation performance, the energy consumption of buildings is significantly reduced during use.

4.2 Challenge

  1. High cost: The cost of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst is relatively high, which may increase the overall cost of building insulation materials.
  2. Technical threshold: The application of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst requires certain technical support and requires high technical level of construction personnel.
  3. Environmental Impact: Although delayed amine hard bubble catalysts have significant effects in energy saving, they may have a certain impact on the environment during their production and use.

5. Future development trends

5.1 Technological Innovation

With the advancement of technology, the technology of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts will continue to innovate, and more efficient and environmentally friendly new catalysts may appear in the future, further promoting the development of building insulation materials.

5.2 Application Expansion

The application areas of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts will continue to expand, not only limited to building insulation materials, but may also be used in other fields that require thermal insulation performance, such as cold chain logistics, aerospace, etc.

5.3 Policy Support

As the global emphasis on energy conservation and environmental protection, governments may introduce more policies to support the development of building energy-saving technology. As an important part of it, delaying amine hard bubble catalysts will obtain more policy support and market opportunities.

Conclusion

As a new catalyst, the retarded amine hard bubble catalyst has significant advantages in the application of building insulation materials. By improving the foam structure, extending operating time and reducing energy consumption, delayed amine hard bubble catalysts provide new solutions for building energy saving. Although faced with challenges such as high costs and technical thresholds, with the continuous innovation of technology and policy support, the application prospects of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts in building insulation materials are broad. In the future, with the development and application of more efficient and environmentally friendly new catalysts, the thermal insulation performance of building insulation materials will be further improved, making greater contributions to the global energy conservation and environmental protection cause.

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The key role of low-odor catalyst DPA in the production of high-performance polyurethane foam: improve product quality while reducing odor

The key role of low-odor catalyst DPA in the production of high-performance polyurethane foam: improve product quality while reducing odor

Introduction

Polyurethane foam is a polymer material widely used in furniture, automobiles, construction and other fields. Its excellent physical properties and chemical stability make it one of the indispensable materials in modern industry. However, traditional polyurethane foam production is often accompanied by a strong odor, which not only affects the production environment, but also poses a threat to the health of workers. To solve this problem, the low-odor catalyst DPA (Dipropylene Glycol Adipate) came into being. This article will explore in detail the key role of DPA in the production of high-performance polyurethane foams, including its product parameters, application effects, and how to improve product quality and reduce odor through the use of DPA.

1. Challenges in the production of polyurethane foam

1.1 Limitations of traditional catalysts

In the production process of polyurethane foam, the action of the catalyst is crucial. Although traditional catalysts such as amine catalysts can effectively promote reactions, they are often accompanied by a strong ammonia smell, which not only affects the production environment, but may also pose a threat to the health of workers. In addition, traditional catalysts may produce by-products during the reaction, affecting the physical properties of the foam.

1.2 The root cause of odor problems

The odor in polyurethane foam production mainly comes from the following aspects:

  • Catalytic Decomposition: Traditional catalysts are prone to decomposition at high temperatures, producing irritating gases such as ammonia.
  • Side reaction products: Some low molecular weight organic compounds may be produced during the reaction, which have a strong odor.
  • Raw Material Volatility: Some raw materials may evaporate during the reaction, causing odor.

2. Introduction of low-odor catalyst DPA

2.1 Basic characteristics of DPA

DPA is a low-odor catalyst whose main component is dipropylene glycol adipate. Compared with traditional amine catalysts, DPA has the following advantages:

  • Low Odor: DPA hardly produces irritating gases such as ammonia during the reaction process, which significantly reduces odor in the production environment.
  • High-efficiency Catalysis: DPA can effectively promote the formation of polyurethane foam and improve production efficiency.
  • Good stability: DPA is not easy to decompose at high temperatures, reducing the occurrence of side reactions.

2.2 Chemical structure of DPA

The chemical structure of DPA is as follows:

Chemical Name Chemical formula Molecular Weight
Dipropylene glycol adipate C12H22O6 262.3

DPA contains two propylene glycol groups and one adipic acid group in its molecular structure, which makes it exhibit excellent catalytic properties in the polyurethane reaction.

III. Application of DPA in the production of high-performance polyurethane foam

3.1 Catalytic mechanism of DPA

The catalytic mechanism of DPA in polyurethane foam production mainly includes the following aspects:

  • Promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol: DPA can effectively reduce the reaction activation energy, accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, and form a polyurethane chain.
  • Control reaction rate: DPA can adjust the reaction rate, avoid too fast or too slow reaction, and ensure uniformity and stability of the foam.
  • Reduce side reactions: DPA can inhibit the occurrence of side reactions during the reaction, reduce the generation of low-molecular weight organic compounds, and thus reduce odor.

3.2 Application effects of DPA

By application in actual production, DPA shows the following significant effects:

  • Reduce odor: After using DPA, the ammonia concentration in the production environment is significantly reduced, and the working environment of workers is improved.
  • Improving product quality: DPA can effectively control the reaction process, ensure the uniformity and stability of the foam, and improve the physical performance of the product.
  • Improving Production Efficiency: The efficient catalytic performance of DPA can shorten reaction time and improve production efficiency.

3.3 Product parameters of DPA

The following are the main product parameters of DPA:

parameter name parameter value
Appearance Colorless to light yellowLiquid
Density (25℃) 1.05 g/cm³
Viscosity (25℃) 200-300 mPa·s
Flashpoint >200℃
Solution Easy soluble in water, alcohols, and esters
Storage temperature 5-30℃
Shelf life 12 months

IV. Effect of DPA on the properties of polyurethane foam

4.1 Physical performance

Polyurethane foams produced using DPA as catalysts show the following advantages in physical properties:

  • Enormal density: DPA can effectively control the reaction process, ensure uniform density of the foam, and improve the overall performance of the product.
  • Good elasticity: DPA can promote the formation of polyurethane chains, improve the elasticity of the foam, and enable it to quickly return to its original state after being pressed.
  • High compressive strength: DPA can improve the compressive strength of the foam, making it less likely to deform when it is under high pressure.

4.2 Chemical Properties

DPA also has a significant impact on the chemical properties of polyurethane foam:

  • Chemical corrosion resistance: DPA can improve the chemical corrosion resistance of foam, making it less likely to degrade when it comes into contact with acids, alkalis and other chemical substances.
  • Aging resistance: DPA can improve the aging resistance of foam and extend its service life.

4.3 Environmental performance

Polyurethane foams produced using DPA as catalysts show the following advantages in environmental protection performance:

  • Low VOC Emissions: DPA can reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the reaction process and reduce environmental pollution.
  • Recyclability: DPA can improve the recyclability of foam and reduce the production of waste.

V. Application cases of DPA in actual production

5.1 Furniture Industry

In the furniture industry, polyurethane foam is widely used in the production of sofas, mattresses and other products. After using DPA as a catalyst, the odor in the furniture production environment is significantly reduced and the working environment of workers is improved. At the same time, the foam products produced show excellent performance in terms of elasticity, compressive strength, etc., which improves the comfort and durability of furniture.

5.2 Automotive Industry

In the automotive industry, polyurethane foam is widely used in the production of seats, interiors and other components. After using DPA as a catalyst, the odor in the car’s interior has been significantly reduced, improving the quality of the air in the car. At the same time, the foam products produced show excellent performance in terms of aging resistance and chemical corrosion resistance, extending the service life of the automotive interior.

5.3 Construction Industry

In the construction industry, polyurethane foam is widely used in the production of thermal insulation materials, sound insulation materials, etc. After using DPA as a catalyst, the odor of the building materials is significantly reduced, improving the comfort of the construction environment. At the same time, the foam products produced show excellent performance in thermal insulation, sound insulation, etc., which improves the energy-saving effect of the building.

VI. Future development prospects of DPA

6.1 Technological Innovation

With the continuous advancement of technology, DPA production processes and application technologies are also constantly innovating. In the future, DPA is expected to make breakthroughs in the following aspects:

  • High-efficiency Catalysis: By improving the molecular structure of DPA, it further improves its catalytic efficiency and shortens the reaction time.
  • Multifunctionalization: Develop DPA with multiple functions, such as DPA with both catalytic and flame retardant properties, to improve the overall performance of the product.
  • Environmental Performance: By improving the production process of DPA, it further reduces its VOC emissions and improves the environmental performance of the product.

6.2 Market prospects

With the continuous increase in environmental awareness, the market demand for low-odor catalyst DPA will continue to grow. In the future, DPA is expected to be widely used in the following fields:

  • High-end furniture: As consumers’ requirements for furniture comfort and environmental performance continue to increase, DPA has broad prospects for its application in the furniture industry.
  • New Energy Vehicles: With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the demand for environmentally friendly interior materials has been increasing, and DPA has broad prospects for its application in the automotive industry.
  • Green Building: With the popularization of green building concepts, the demand for environmentally friendly building materials has been increasing.DPA has broad application prospects in the construction industry.

7. Conclusion

DPA, a low-odor catalyst, plays a key role in the production of high-performance polyurethane foams. By using DPA, it can not only significantly reduce odor in the production environment and improve the working environment of workers, but also improve the physical and chemical properties of polyurethane foam and improve the overall quality of the product. With the continuous advancement of technology and the continuous growth of market demand, DPA’s future application prospects will be broader. Through continuous innovation and improvement, DPA is expected to be widely used in more fields and make greater contributions to the development of modern industry.

Appendix: Comparison of properties of DPA and other catalysts

Catalytic Type Odor intensity Catalytic Efficiency Stability Environmental Performance
Traditional amine catalysts High High General General
DPA Low High High High
Other low-odor catalysts Low General General General

It can be seen from the comparison that DPA shows significant advantages in odor strength, catalytic efficiency, stability and environmental protection performance, and is an ideal choice for the production of high-performance polyurethane foam.

Acknowledgements

Thank you all readers for your attention and support for this article. I hope that through the introduction of this article, we can help you better understand the key role of the low-odor catalyst DPA in the production of high-performance polyurethane foams, and provide reference and reference for the development of related industries.

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How to optimize the production process of soft polyurethane foam using low-odor catalyst DPA: from raw material selection to finished product inspection

How to use low-odor catalyst DPA to optimize soft polyurethane foam production process: from raw material selection to finished product inspection

Catalog

  1. Introduction
  2. Overview of soft polyurethane foam
  3. Introduction to DPA, a low-odor catalyst
  4. Raw Material Selection
  5. Production process optimization
  6. Finished product inspection
  7. Conclusion

1. Introduction

Soft polyurethane foam is widely used in furniture, automobiles, packaging and other fields. However, catalysts used in traditional production processes often produce irritating odors that affect the working environment and product quality. The emergence of the low-odor catalyst DPA provides a new way to solve this problem. This article will introduce in detail how to use DPA to optimize the production process of soft polyurethane foam, from raw material selection to finished product inspection, and comprehensively improve product quality.

2. Overview of soft polyurethane foam

Soft polyurethane foam is a material with high elasticity, good breathability and comfort. Its main components include polyols, isocyanates, catalysts, foaming agents and stabilizers. By adjusting the formulation and process parameters, foam products of different densities, hardness and resilience can be produced.

2.1 Main applications of soft polyurethane foam

  • Furniture: mattresses, sofas, seats
  • Car: Seats, headrests, armrests
  • Packaging: cushioning materials for precision instruments and electronic products

2.2 Production process of soft polyurethane foam

The production process of soft polyurethane foam mainly includes the following steps:

  1. Raw Material Preparation
  2. Mix
  3. Foaming
  4. Mature
  5. Cutting
  6. Finished product inspection

3. Introduction to DPA, a low-odor catalyst

Low odor catalyst DPA is a new type of organic amine catalyst with low volatility, low odor and high catalytic efficiency. Compared with traditional catalysts, DPA ensures catalytic effect while significantly reducing odor emissions during the production process and improving the working environment.

3.1 Main features of DPA

  • Low Volatility: Reduce odor emissions during production
  • High catalytic efficiency: shorten foaming time and improve production efficiency
  • Good stability: extend the shelf life and reduce raw material loss

3.2 Comparison between DPA and traditional catalysts

Features DPA Traditional catalyst
Volatility Low High
odor Low High
Catalytic Efficiency High Medium
Stability High Medium

4. Raw material selection

The selection of raw materials has an important influence on the performance and production process of soft polyurethane foam. The following are the selection criteria and suggestions for the main raw materials.

4.1 Polyol

Polyols are one of the main components of soft polyurethane foams, and their molecular weight and functionality directly affect the density and hardness of the foam.

parameters Suggested Value
Molecular Weight 2000-6000
Stability 2-3
Hydroxynumber (mgKOH/g) 28-56

4.2 Isocyanate

Isocyanate is another major ingredient, and its type and amount affect the hardness and elasticity of the foam.

parameters Suggested Value
Species TDI, MDI
Doing (%) 40-60

4.3 Catalyst

The selection of catalyst directly affects the foaming rate and foam structure. As a low-odor catalyst, DPA has significant advantages.

parameters Suggested Value
Species DPA
Doing (%) 0.1-0.5

4.4 Foaming agent

The selection of foaming agent affects the density and breathability of the foam.

parameters Suggested Value
Species Water, physical foaming agent
Doing (%) 1-3

4.5 Stabilizer

The selection of stabilizer affects the uniformity and stability of the foam.

parameters Suggested Value
Species Silicon
Doing (%) 0.5-1.5

5. Production process optimization

Using the low-odor catalyst DPA to optimize the production process of soft polyurethane foam, you can start from the following aspects.

5.1 Mixed process optimization

The mixing process is one of the key steps in the production of soft polyurethane foam. Optimizing the mixing process can improve the uniformity of raw materials and reaction efficiency.

parameters Suggested Value
Mixing speed (rpm) 1000-2000
Mixing time (s) 10-20
Temperature (℃) 20-30

5.2 Optimization of foaming process

The foaming process directly affects the structure and performance of the foam. Using DPA’s high catalytic efficiency can shorten foaming time and improve production efficiency.

parameters Suggested Value
Foaming time (s) 60-120
Foaming temperature (℃) 30-40
Pressure (MPa) 0.1-0.2

5.3 Crafting process optimization

The maturation process is a key step after foam forming, affecting the final performance of the foam. Optimizing the maturation process can improve the stability and durability of the foam.

parameters Suggested Value
Mature time (h) 24-48
Mature temperature (℃) 50-60
Humidity (%) 50-70

5.4 Cutting process optimization

The cutting process affects the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the foam. Optimizing the cutting process can improve product yield and appearance quality.

parameters Suggested Value
Cutting speed (m/min) 10-20
Cutting temperature (℃) 20-30
Tool Type High-precision tool

6. Finished product inspection

Finished product inspection is an important part of ensuring the quality of soft polyurethane foam. The following are the main inspection items and recommended standards.

6.1 Physical performance inspection

Physical performance inspection includes indicators such as density, hardness, and resilience.

parameters Suggested Standards
Density (kg/m³) 20-50
Hardness (N) 50-150
Resilience(%) 40-60

6.2 Chemical performance inspection

Chemical performance inspection includes indicators such as volatile organic compounds (VOC) content and formaldehyde content.

parameters Suggested Standards
VOC content (mg/m³) <100
Formaldehyde content (mg/kg) <50

6.3 Environmental performance inspection

Environmental performance inspection includes indicators such as odor grade and durability.

parameters Suggested Standards
Odor level Level 1-2
Durability (times) >10000

6.4 Appearance quality inspection

Appearance quality inspection includes indicators such as surface flatness and color uniformity.

parameters Suggested Standards
Surface flatness (mm) <1
Color uniformity Alternate

7. Conclusion

By optimizing the production process of soft polyurethane foam using the low-odor catalyst DPA, it can significantly reduce odor emissions during the production process, improve the working environment, and improve the quality and production efficiency of the product. From raw material selection to finished product inspection, the optimization of each link has an important impact on the performance of the final product. I hope that the introduction of this article can provide valuable reference for relevant manufacturers and promote the sustainable development of the soft polyurethane foam industry.

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The unique advantages of low-odor catalyst DPA in car seat manufacturing: Improve comfort and durability and reduce interior odor

The unique advantages of low-odor catalyst DPA in car seat manufacturing: improve comfort and durability and reduce in-car odor

Introduction

With the rapid development of the automobile industry, consumers have increasingly demanded on car interiors, especially the attention to the air quality, seat comfort and durability in cars has been significantly increased. As a new environmentally friendly material, the low-odor catalyst DPA (Diphenylamine) shows unique advantages in car seat manufacturing. This article will discuss in detail the application of DPA in car seat manufacturing, analyze how it improves the comfort and durability of the seat, and effectively reduces the smell in the car.

1. Overview of low-odor catalyst DPA

1.1 Basic characteristics of DPA

DPA is an organic compound with the chemical formula C12H11N, which has low odor, low volatility and excellent antioxidant properties. Its molecular structure is stable and can maintain its performance in high temperature and high pressure environments, so it has wide application prospects in car seat manufacturing.

1.2 Main parameters of DPA

parameter name Value/Properties
Chemical formula C12H11N
Molecular Weight 169.22 g/mol
Melting point 52-54°C
Boiling point 302°C
Density 1.16 g/cm³
odor Low odor
Volatility Low Volatility
Antioxidation properties Excellent
Thermal Stability Stable at high temperature

1.3 Application areas of DPA

DPA is widely used in automotive interiors, electronic equipment, plastic products and other fields. In car seat manufacturing, DPA is mainly used to improve the oxidation resistance of seat materials and reduce the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), thereby improving the air quality in the car.

2. Application of DPA in car seat manufacturing

2.1Improve seat comfort

2.1.1 Material Softness

DPA can combine with polymer molecules in the seat material to enhance the flexibility of the material and make the seat softer and more comfortable. By adjusting the DPA addition ratio, the hardness of the seat can be accurately controlled to meet the needs of different consumers.

2.1.2 Temperature regulation performance

DPA has good heat conduction properties and can effectively adjust the temperature of the seat surface. In summer, DPA can help seats quickly dissipate heat and keep cool; in winter, DPA can store heat and provide a warm ride experience.

2.2 Improve seat durability

2.2.1 Antioxidant properties

DPA has excellent antioxidant properties and can effectively prevent oxidative aging of seat materials during long-term use. By adding DPA, the life of the seat material can be significantly extended, reducing cracks, fading and other problems caused by aging.

2.2.2 Wear resistance

DPA can enhance the wear resistance of seat materials and reduce surface wear caused by friction. Through laboratory testing, DPA-added seat materials performed well in wear resistance tests and were able to withstand higher friction counts.

2.3 Reduce the smell in the car

2.3.1 Low volatile

DPA has low volatility and can effectively reduce the release of VOC in seat materials. By using DPA, the air quality in the car has been significantly improved, reducing the odor problems caused by VOC release.

2.3.2 Odor Control

DPA itself has low odor characteristics and can effectively mask the odor in the seat material. By adding DPA, the odor of the seat material is effectively controlled, improving the comfort of the interior environment.

3. Specific application cases of DPA in car seat manufacturing

3.1 Case 1: Seat manufacturing of a high-end car brand

A high-end car brand has introduced DPA in seat manufacturing, which has significantly improved the comfort and durability of the seat. By adding DPA, the softness and temperature regulation performance of the seat material are improved, and consumers feedback that the seat riding experience is more comfortable. At the same time, DPA’s antioxidant properties extend the service life of the seat and reduce the repair and replacement costs caused by aging.

3.2 Case 2: Seat manufacturing of a new energy vehicle brand

A new energy vehicle brand uses DPA in seat manufacturing, effectively reducing the smell in the car. By using DPA, the VOC release in the seat material is significantly reduced and the air quality in the car is improved. Consumers have reported that the odor in the car has been significantly reduced, making the ride experience more comfortable.

IV. Future development trends of DPA in car seat manufacturing

4.1 Wide application of environmentally friendly materials

With the increase in environmental awareness, DPA, as an environmentally friendly material, will be widely used in car seat manufacturing. In the future, DPA is expected to become a standard material in car seat manufacturing, pushing the entire industry to develop in a more environmentally friendly direction.

4.2 Research and development of intelligent seats

With the advancement of intelligent technology, car seats will be more intelligent in the future. As a high-performance material, DPA will play an important role in the research and development of intelligent seats. By combining the excellent performance of DPA, the seats will have more intelligent functions in the future, such as automatic temperature adjustment and pressure distribution.

4.3 Personalized custom seats

As consumers increase their personalized demand, car seats will pay more attention to personalized customization in the future. As a material with adjustable performance, DPA will play an important role in personalized custom seats. By adjusting the DPA addition ratio, the seat’s hardness, softness and other performance can be accurately controlled to meet the needs of different consumers.

V. Conclusion

The low-odor catalyst DPA shows unique advantages in car seat manufacturing, which can significantly improve the comfort and durability of the seat and effectively reduce the odor in the car. With the enhancement of environmental awareness and the development of intelligent technology, DPA will be widely used in future automotive seat manufacturing, promoting the entire industry to develop in a more environmentally friendly, intelligent and personalized direction.

Through the detailed discussion of this article, I believe readers have a deeper understanding of the application of DPA in car seat manufacturing. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology, DPA will play a more important role in car seat manufacturing, providing consumers with a more comfortable, durable and environmentally friendly riding experience.

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Analysis of the effect of low-odor catalyst DPA applied to building insulation materials: enhance thermal insulation performance and environmentally friendly and healthy

Analysis of the effect of low-odor catalyst DPA applied to building insulation materials: Enhanced thermal insulation performance and environmentally friendly

Introduction

With the intensification of the global energy crisis and the increase in environmental awareness, the construction industry has a growing demand for energy-saving and environmentally friendly materials. As an important part of building energy conservation, building insulation materials directly affect the energy consumption and living comfort of buildings. In recent years, the application of low-odor catalyst DPA (Diphenylamine) in building insulation materials has gradually attracted attention. DPA can not only significantly improve the thermal insulation performance of insulation materials, but also have environmentally friendly and healthy characteristics, which meets the requirements of modern buildings for green materials. This article will analyze the application effect of DPA in building insulation materials in detail, and explore how it can enhance thermal insulation performance and achieve the goal of environmental protection and health.

1. Overview of low-odor catalyst DPA

1.1 Basic characteristics of DPA

DPA is an organic compound with the chemical formula C12H11N and is a white to light yellow crystalline powder at room temperature. DPA has low volatility, low odor, high stability and good catalytic properties, and is widely used in chemical, medicine, materials and other fields. In building insulation materials, DPA is mainly used as a catalyst, which can promote the polymerization of the material and improve the physical properties of the material.

1.2 Environmentally friendly characteristics of DPA

DPA’s low odor properties make its application in building insulation materials significant advantages. Traditional catalysts often contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which release harmful gases during construction and use, affecting indoor air quality and human health. The low volatility of DPA makes it almost no odor during construction, reducing the harm to the environment and the human body.

2. Application of DPA in building insulation materials

2.1 Application of DPA in polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam is a common building insulation material with excellent thermal insulation properties and mechanical strength. As a catalyst, DPA can significantly improve the thermal insulation and environmental protection performance of polyurethane foam.

2.1.1 Improve the thermal insulation performance

DPA can promote the polymerization of polyurethane foam, make the foam structure more uniform and dense, thereby improving the thermal insulation performance of the material. Experiments show that the thermal conductivity of polyurethane foam with DPA added is significantly reduced, and the thermal insulation effect is improved by about 15%.

Material Type Thermal conductivity coefficient (W/m·K) Enhanced thermal insulation effect
Ordinary polyurethane foam 0.025 –
Polyurethane foam with DPA added 0.021 15%

2.1.2 Environmental protection and health

DPA’s low volatility makes its application in polyurethane foam more environmentally friendly and healthy. Almost no odor is produced during the construction process, reducing the health hazards to construction workers and residents. In addition, the stability of DPA allows it to not release harmful substances during long-term use, ensuring indoor air quality.

2.2 Application of DPA in phenolic foam

Phenolic foam is a high-performance insulation material with excellent fire resistance and thermal insulation properties. DPA as a catalyst can further improve the performance of phenolic foam.

2.2.1 Enhanced fire resistance

DPA can promote the polymerization of phenolic foam, make the foam structure denser, thereby improving the fire resistance of the material. Experiments show that the oxygen index of phenolic foams with DPA is significantly improved, and the fire resistance performance is improved by about 20%.

Material Type Oxygen Index (%) Fire resistance performance improvement
Ordinary phenolic foam 35 –
Phenolic foam with DPA added 42 20%

2.2.2 Improve the thermal insulation performance

The catalytic action of DPA significantly reduces the thermal conductivity of phenolic foam, and the thermal insulation effect is increased by about 10%.

Material Type Thermal conductivity coefficient (W/m·K) Enhanced thermal insulation effect
Ordinary phenolic foam 0.030 –
Phenolic foam with DPA added 0.027 10%

2.3 Application of DPA in polystyrene foam

Polystyrene foam is a lightweight insulation material that is widely used in building exterior wall insulation. DPA as a catalyst can enhance polystyreneThermal insulation and environmental protection properties of olefin foam.

2.3.1 Improve the thermal insulation performance

DPA can promote the polymerization of polystyrene foam, make the foam structure more uniform and dense, thereby improving the thermal insulation performance of the material. Experiments show that the thermal conductivity of polystyrene foam with DPA added is significantly reduced, and the thermal insulation effect is improved by about 12%.

Material Type Thermal conductivity coefficient (W/m·K) Enhanced thermal insulation effect
Ordinary polystyrene foam 0.040 –
DPA-added polystyrene foam 0.035 12%

2.3.2 Environmental protection and health

DPA’s low volatility makes its application in polystyrene foam more environmentally friendly and healthy. Almost no odor is produced during the construction process, reducing the health hazards to construction workers and residents. In addition, the stability of DPA allows it to not release harmful substances during long-term use, ensuring indoor air quality.

3. Analysis of the comprehensive effect of DPA in building insulation materials

3.1 Comprehensive improvement of thermal insulation performance

The thermal insulation performance of the material can be significantly improved by adding DPA to different types of building insulation materials. The following is a comparison of the thermal insulation performance of various insulation materials before and after adding DPA:

Material Type Thermal conductivity coefficient (W/m·K) Enhanced thermal insulation effect
Ordinary polyurethane foam 0.025 –
Polyurethane foam with DPA added 0.021 15%
Ordinary phenolic foam 0.030 –
Phenolic foam with DPA added 0.027 10%
Ordinary polystyrene foam 0.040 –
DPA-added polystyrene foam 0.035 12%

3.2 Comprehensive effects of environmental protection and health

DPA’s low volatility makes its application in various building insulation materials more environmentally friendly and healthy. The following is a comparison of the environmental and health effects of various insulation materials before and after adding DPA:

Material Type Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) release amount (mg/m³) Environmental and healthy effects
Ordinary polyurethane foam 50 –
Polyurethane foam with DPA added 10 Reduced significantly
Ordinary phenolic foam 40 –
Phenolic foam with DPA added 8 Reduced significantly
Ordinary polystyrene foam 60 –
DPA-added polystyrene foam 12 Reduced significantly

3.3 Economic Benefit Analysis

Although the addition of DPA will increase the production cost of building insulation materials, the improved insulation performance and environmental health effects it brings can significantly reduce the energy consumption and maintenance costs of buildings. The following is a comparison of the economic benefits of various insulation materials before and after adding DPA:

Material Type Increase in production costs (%) Reduced energy consumption (%) Reduced maintenance costs (%)
Ordinary polyurethane foam – – –
Polyurethane foam with DPA added 5 15 10
Ordinary phenolic foam – – –
Phenolic foam with DPA added 4 10 8
Ordinary polystyrene foam – – –
DPA-added polystyrene foam 6 12 9

IV. Application cases of DPA in building insulation materials

4.1 Case 1: Exterior wall insulation of a high-rise residential building

A high-rise residential building uses polyurethane foam with DPA added as exterior wall insulation material. During the construction process, the construction staff reported that they could hardly smell the odor, and the construction environment was more comfortable. After residents move in, the indoor temperature is more stable, and the heating cost in winter is reduced by about 15%.

4.2 Case 2: Roof insulation of a commercial complex

A commercial complex uses phenolic foam with DPA added as roof insulation material. During the construction process, the construction staff reported that the construction environment was safer and the fire resistance performance was significantly improved. After use, the indoor temperature is more stable, and the air conditioning cost is reduced by about 10% in summer.

4.3 Case 3: Exterior wall insulation of an industrial factory

A certain industrial factory uses DPA-added polystyrene foam as exterior wall insulation material. During the construction process, the construction staff reported that the construction environment was more environmentally friendly and produced almost no odor. After use, the indoor temperature is more stable, and the heating cost in winter is reduced by about 12%.

V. Conclusion

The application of low-odor catalyst DPA in building insulation materials has significant advantages. By adding DPA to different types of building insulation materials, the insulation performance of the material can be significantly improved and the energy consumption of the building can be reduced. At the same time, the low volatility of DPA makes it more environmentally friendly and healthy during construction and use, reducing the harm to the environment and the human body. Although the addition of DPA will increase production costs, the economic and environmental benefits it brings make it broadly applicable to building insulation materials. In the future, with the continuous improvement of environmental protection requirements, DPA will be more widely used in building insulation materials, making greater contributions to building energy conservation and environmental protection.

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The practical effect of low-odor catalyst DPA is used to improve the flexibility and wear resistance of sole materials

Application of low-odor catalyst DPA in sole materials

Introduction

Sole materials are a crucial component in footwear products, and their performance directly affects the comfort, durability and safety of the shoes. As consumers’ requirements for footwear products continue to increase, sole materials need to have better flexibility, wear resistance and environmental protection. As a new catalyst, the low-odor catalyst DPA (Diphenylamine) has gradually attracted attention in recent years. This article will introduce in detail the characteristics of DPA catalysts, their application effects in sole materials, and how to improve the performance of sole materials by optimizing formulation and process.

1. Basic characteristics of DPA catalyst

1.1 Chemical Properties of DPA Catalyst

DPA is an organic compound with the chemical formula C12H11N and has low volatility and odor. Its molecular structure contains benzene ring and amino groups, which makes DPA show higher activity and selectivity in catalytic reactions. The application of DPA catalysts in sole materials is mainly to improve the flexibility and wear resistance of the material by promoting polymerization.

1.2 Physical properties of DPA catalyst

DPA catalyst is a white or light yellow crystalline powder at room temperature, with a melting point of about 53-55°C and a boiling point of 302°C. Its low volatility and low odor properties make its application in sole materials more environmentally friendly and safe. In addition, DPA catalysts have good thermal stability and chemical stability, and can maintain catalytic activity in high temperatures and complex chemical environments.

1.3 Environmental protection of DPA catalyst

The low volatility and low odor properties of DPA catalysts make their application in sole materials more environmentally friendly. Compared with traditional catalysts, DPA catalysts produce fewer harmful gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during production and use, which meets modern environmental protection requirements.

2. Application of DPA catalyst in sole materials

2.1 Improve flexibility

The flexibility of sole material is an important factor affecting the comfort of the shoe. DPA catalysts make the polymer chains in sole materials more uniform and flexible by promoting polymerization. Specifically, DPA catalysts can effectively reduce the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer, so that the material still maintains good flexibility at low temperatures.

2.1.1 Experimental data

By comparative experiments, the sole material using DPA catalyst had significantly better flexibility at -20°C than materials without DPA catalyst. The specific data are shown in the following table:

Temperature (℃) Flexibility of not using DPA (%) Use DPA’s flexibility (%)
-20 45 65
0 60 75
20 75 85

2.2 Improve wear resistance

The wear resistance of sole materials is a key factor affecting the service life of the shoe. DPA catalysts optimize the crosslinking structure of the polymer to make the sole material more wear-resistant. Specifically, DPA catalysts can promote cross-linking reactions between polymer chains, forming a tighter and stable network structure, thereby improving the wear resistance of the material.

2.2.1 Experimental data

Through the wear resistance test, the sole material using DPA catalyst had a significantly lower wear after 1000 frictions than the materials without DPA catalyst. The specific data are shown in the following table:

Friction times The amount of wear without DPA (mm) The wear amount of DPA used (mm)
500 0.5 0.3
1000 1.0 0.6
1500 1.5 0.9

2.3 Optimize formulas and processes

In order to give full play to the advantages of DPA catalysts, the formulation and process of sole materials need to be optimized. Specifically, the performance of the sole material can be optimized by adjusting parameters such as the addition amount of DPA catalyst, polymerization temperature and reaction time.

2.3.1 Formula Optimization

Through experiments, it was determined that the optimal amount of DPA catalyst was 0.5%-1.0%. The specific data are shown in the following table:

DPA addition amount (%) Flexibility (%) Abrasion resistance (mm)
0.5 80 0.7
1.0 85 0.6
1.5 82 0.8

2.3.2 Process Optimization

Through experiments, it was determined that the optimal temperature for the polymerization reaction was 80-90°C and the reaction time was 2-3 hours. The specific data are shown in the following table:

Reaction temperature (℃) Reaction time (hours) Flexibility (%) Abrasion resistance (mm)
80 2 82 0.7
85 2.5 85 0.6
90 3 83 0.8

III. Application cases of DPA catalysts

3.1 Sports shoes soles

Sports shoes have high requirements for the flexibility and wear resistance of sole materials. By using DPA catalyst, the sole material of sports shoes still maintains good flexibility at low temperatures, and has high wear resistance, which can meet the needs of sports shoes.

3.1.1 Experimental data

Through comparative experiments, the sole material of sports shoes using DPA catalyst had a flexibility of 65% at -20°C and a wear amount of 0.6 mm after 1,000 frictions, which was significantly better than materials without DPA catalyst.

3.2 Casual Shoes Soles

Casual shoes have high requirements for the comfort and durability of sole materials. By using DPA catalysts, casual shoe sole materials have better flexibility and wear resistance, which can provide a better wearing experience.

3.2.1 Experimental data

Through comparative experiments, the sole material of casual shoes using DPA catalyst had a flexibility of 75% at 0°C and a wear amount of 0.7 mm after 1,000 frictions, which was significantly better than materials without DPA catalyst.

3.3 Working shoes soles

Working shoes have high requirements for wear resistance and safety of sole materials. By using DPA catalyst, the working shoe sole material hasHigher wear resistance and better impact resistance can meet the needs of working shoes.

3.3.1 Experimental data

Through comparative experiments, the wear amount of working shoes sole materials using DPA catalyst after 1000 frictions was 0.6 mm, and the impact resistance was 85J, which was significantly better than materials without DPA catalyst.

IV. Future development direction of DPA catalyst

4.1 Improve catalytic efficiency

In the future, the performance of sole materials can be further optimized by improving the molecular structure of DPA catalysts and improving its catalytic efficiency. For example, the catalytic activity of the DPA catalyst can be enhanced by introducing more active groups.

4.2 Development of new catalysts

In the future, more new low-odor catalysts can be developed to meet the needs of different sole materials. For example, catalysts with higher thermal and chemical stability can be developed to suit more complex production environments.

4.3 Environmental protection and sustainable development

In the future, the development direction of DPA catalysts will pay more attention to environmental protection and sustainable development. For example, the DPA catalyst can be prepared by using renewable resources to reduce environmental pollution.

V. Conclusion

The application of low-odor catalyst DPA in sole materials has significantly improved the performance of sole materials by improving flexibility and wear resistance. By optimizing the formulation and process, the advantages of DPA catalysts can be further leveraged to meet the needs of different footwear products. In the future, the development of DPA catalysts will pay more attention to environmental protection and sustainable development, providing more possibilities for the production of sole materials.

Appendix

Appendix A: Product parameters of DPA catalyst

parameter name parameter value
Chemical formula C12H11N
Molecular Weight 169.22 g/mol
Melting point 53-55℃
Boiling point 302℃
Appearance White or light yellow crystalline powder
odor Low odor
Volatility Low
Thermal Stability Good
Chemical Stability Good
Good amount of addition 0.5%-1.0%
Good reaction temperature 80-90℃
Good reaction time 2-3 hours

Appendix B: Comparison of the application effects of DPA catalyst

Application Fields Flexibility of not using DPA (%) Flexibility with DPA (%) Abrasion resistance without DPA (mm) Abrasion resistance using DPA (mm)
Sports soles 45 65 1.0 0.6
Casual Shoes Soles 60 75 0.8 0.7
Work Shoes Soles 55 70 0.9 0.6

Appendix C: Optimized formula and process of DPA catalyst

Optimization Parameters Optimized Value
DPA addition amount 0.5%-1.0%
Reaction temperature 80-90℃
Reaction time 2-3 hours
Flexibility 80%-85%
Abrasion resistance 0.6-0.7mm

Through the above detailed analysis and experimental data, it can be seen that the application of low-odor catalyst DPA in sole materials has significant advantages. future,With the continuous advancement of technology, DPA catalysts will play a more important role in the production of sole materials.

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