Category: PU Technology

PU Technology

Contribution of polyurethane catalyst 9727 to enhance durability of rigid foam

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer material produced by the reaction of isocyanate and polyol. Due to its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, wear resistance and heat insulation, it is used in construction, automobiles, household appliances, etc. It has been widely used in many fields. Especially in the application of Rigid Polyurethane Foam (RPUF), polyurethane foam has become one of the first choices for modern building insulation materials due to its excellent insulation properties and lightweight properties. However, with the continuous growth of market demand and the increasing technical requirements, how to improve the durability of rigid foam has become the focus of industry attention.

The durability of rigid foam not only affects its service life, but also directly affects the energy efficiency and safety of the building. Traditional rigid foams may experience problems such as aging, degradation, uneven foaming during long-term use, resulting in a decline in physical properties, which in turn affects the stability and insulation effect of the overall structure. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop catalysts that can effectively improve the durability of rigid foams.

9727 As a new type of polyurethane catalyst, its application in rigid foam production has gradually increased in recent years. It has unique catalytic properties, which can promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol at lower temperatures, reduce the occurrence of side reactions, thereby improving the cross-linking density of the foam and the uniformity of the microstructure. In addition, the 9727 can significantly improve the physical properties of the foam, extend its service life, and enhance its weather resistance and anti-aging capabilities. This article will conduct in-depth discussion on the contribution of 9727 catalyst to the durability of rigid foam, and combine new research results at home and abroad to analyze its mechanism of action, application advantages and future development direction.

9727 Basic Principles of Catalyst

9727 Catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst designed for polyurethane rigid foam, and its main components include tertiary amine compounds and metal salt compounds. This type of catalyst promotes the foam formation and curing process by accelerating the reaction between isocyanate (Isocyanate, -NCO) and polyol (Polyol, -OH). Specifically, the mechanism of action of the 9727 catalyst can be divided into the following aspects:

1. Accelerate the reaction rate

9727 Catalysts can significantly reduce the activation energy of the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, thereby accelerating the reaction rate. Under the action of traditional catalysts, the reaction of isocyanate with polyols usually requires a higher temperature to proceed, while the 9727 catalyst can effectively promote the progress of the reaction at lower temperatures. This not only shortens the foaming time, but also reduces side reactions caused by high temperatures, such as the autopolymerization of isocyanate and the hydrolysis of polyols. Studies have shown that after using the 9727 catalyst, the foaming time can be shortened by about 30%, and the reaction temperature can be reduced by 10-15°C (Reference: [1]).

2. Improve cross-link density

9727 Catalyst can not only accelerate the reaction rate, but also promote crosslinking reactions of more isocyanates and polyols by adjusting the reaction path, thereby increasing the crosslinking density of the foam. The increase in crosslinking density makes the molecular chain inside the foam tighter, forming a more stable three-dimensional network structure. This structure can effectively resist the influence of the external environment, such as temperature changes, humidity fluctuations and mechanical stresses, thereby improving the durability and mechanical properties of the foam. Experimental data show that the cross-linking density of rigid foams prepared with 9727 catalyst is about 20% higher than that of foams prepared with conventional catalysts (reference: [2]).

3. Improve the microstructure of foam

Another important feature of the 9727 catalyst is its ability to improve the microstructure of the foam. During the foam foaming process, the formation and growth of bubbles are the key factors that determine the performance of the foam. The 9727 catalyst can effectively control the size and distribution of bubbles, avoiding too large or too small bubbles, thereby ensuring the uniformity and denseness of the bubbles. A uniform pore size distribution not only helps improve the insulation performance of the foam, but also enhances its mechanical strength and compressive resistance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations showed that the foam prepared with 9727 catalyst had a more uniform pore size distribution, moderate bubble wall thickness, and no obvious defects (reference: [3]).

4. Reduce side effects

In the preparation process of polyurethane foam, in addition to the main reaction, some side reactions may also be accompanied by some side reactions, such as the autopolymerization of isocyanate, the hydrolysis of polyols, and the formation of carbon dioxide. These side reactions not only consume raw materials, but also lead to a decrease in foam performance. The 9727 catalyst selectively promotes the main reaction and inhibits the occurrence of side reactions, thereby improving the utilization rate of raw materials and the quality of foam. Studies have shown that after the use of the 9727 catalyst, the incidence of side reactions was reduced by about 40%, and the density and hardness of the foam were significantly improved (references: [4]).

5. Extend foam life

9727 The efficient catalytic action of the catalyst is not only reflected in the preparation process of the foam, but also has a positive impact on its long-term performance. Since the 9727 catalyst can improve the crosslink density and microstructure uniformity of the foam, the foam shows better weather resistance and anti-aging during long-term use. Experimental results show that after 6 months of aging test, the physical performance retention rate of foams prepared with 9727 catalyst still reached more than 90%, while foams prepared with traditional catalysts showed significant performance decline (Reference: [5 ]).

To sum up, the 9727 catalyst significantly improves the durability and comprehensive performance of rigid foam through various mechanisms such as accelerating the reaction rate, increasing the crosslinking density, improving the microstructure of the foam, and reducing side reactions. Next, we will discuss in detail the specific parameters of the 9727 catalyst and its performance in practical applications.

9727 Product parameters of catalyst

To better understand the performance characteristics of the 9727 catalyst and its application in the production of rigid foams, the following are the main product parameters of the catalyst. These parameters not only reflect the physicochemical properties of the 9727 catalyst, but also provide a basis for its choice in different application scenarios.

parameter name Unit parameter value Remarks
Chemical composition Term amine compounds + metal salt compounds The main components are tertiary amines and metal salts, and the specific proportions are adjusted according to the formula
Appearance Light yellow transparent liquid It is liquid at room temperature, which is easy to add and mix
Density g/cm³ 0.98-1.02 Slightly different depending on the specific formula
Viscosity mPa·s 50-100 Measured at 25°C, suitable for automated production equipment
pH value 7.0-8.5 Neutral to weak alkaline, low corrosion to equipment
Flashpoint °C >100 High flash point, safe to use
Water-soluble Insoluble in water Avoid contact with water and prevent hydrolysis reactions
Active temperature range °C 20-80 Adapting to a wide temperature range, suitable for different process conditions
Catalytic Efficiency Efficient Compared with traditional catalysts, the catalytic efficiency is 30%-50% higher
Side reaction inhibition rate % ≥40 Significantly reduce side reactions and improve raw material utilization
Crosslink density improvement rate % ≥20 Effectively improve foam crosslinking density and enhance durability
Foam pore size uniformity % ≥90 Ensure that the foam pore size is evenly distributed and improve thermal insulation performance
Aging resistance Excellent After 6 months of aging test, the performance retention rate is ≥90%
Scope of application Rough polyurethane foam Widely used in building insulation, refrigeration equipment and other fields

From the table, it can be seen that the 9727 catalyst has the following advantages:

  1. Efficient catalytic performance: 9727 catalysts can maintain efficient catalytic activity over a wide temperature range, especially in low temperature conditions. Compared with traditional catalysts, the catalytic efficiency of 9727 catalyst is increased by 30%-50%, which can significantly shorten the foaming time and reduce production costs.

  2. Good physical and chemical properties: 9727 catalyst is a light yellow transparent liquid, easy to add and mix at room temperature, suitable for automated production equipment. It has moderate viscosity and good fluidity, and will not clog pipes or nozzles. In addition, the pH value of the 9727 catalyst is neutral to weak alkaline, which is less corrosive to the production equipment and extends the service life of the equipment.

  3. Excellent side reaction inhibition ability: 9727 catalyst can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions, reduce the self-polymerization of isocyanate and the hydrolysis of polyols, and improve the utilization rate of raw materials. Experiments show that after using the 9727 catalyst, the side reaction inhibition rate reached more than 40%, and the density and hardness of the foam were significantly improved.

  4. Sharp crosslink density increase: 9727 catalyst can promote crosslinking reactions of more isocyanates with polyols, thereby increasing the crosslink density of foam. The increase in crosslinking density makes the molecular chain inside the foam tighter, forming a more stable three-dimensional network structure, enhancing the durability and mechanical properties of the foam. Experimental data show that the cross-linking density of foams prepared with 9727 catalyst is more than 20% higher than that of foams prepared with traditional catalysts.

  5. Excellent foam pore size uniformity: 9727 catalyst can effectively control the size and distribution of bubbles to ensure the uniformity and density of the foam. A uniform pore size distribution not only helps improve the insulation performance of the foam, but also enhances its mechanical strength and compressive resistance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations showed that the foam prepared with 9727 catalyst had a more uniform pore size distribution, moderate bubble wall thickness, and no obvious defects.

  6. Excellent aging resistance: The foam prepared by the 9727 catalyst shows excellent weather resistance and aging resistance during long-term use. Experimental results show that after 6 months of aging test, the physical performance retention rate of foam prepared with 9727 catalyst is still as high as more than 90%, while the foam prepared with traditional catalysts has a significant performance decline.

To sum up, 9727 catalyst has high efficiency catalytic performance, good physical and chemical properties, excellent side reaction inhibition ability, significant cross-link density improvement, excellent foam pore size uniformity and excellent aging resistance. Become an ideal choice for the production of rigid polyurethane foam. Next, we will further explore the performance of the 9727 catalyst in practical applications and its specific contribution to the durability of rigid foams.

9727 Specific contribution of catalyst to durability of rigid foam

The application of 9727 catalyst in the production of rigid foam not only improves the preparation efficiency of foam, but also significantly improves its durability. Through systematic research on the physical properties, chemical stability and long-term use properties of foams, we can have a more comprehensive understanding of the specific contribution of 9727 catalyst to the durability of rigid foams.

1. Improve the physical properties of foam

The physical properties of rigid foams are important indicators for measuring their quality, mainly including density, hardness, compressive strength, thermal conductivity, etc. The 9727 catalyst significantly improves the physical properties of the foam by optimizing the reaction conditions and microstructure.

  • Density: 9727 catalyst can effectively control the foaming process, avoid too large or too small bubbles, thereby ensuring moderate foam density. Experimental data show that the density of foam prepared with 9727 catalyst is about 10% lower than that of foam prepared with traditional catalysts, but the compressive strength does not decrease significantly. This means that using 9727 catalyst can reduce the weight of the foam while ensuring strength and improve its lightweight performance (reference: [6]).

  • Hardness: 9727 catalyst enhances the interaction between the molecular chains by increasing the crosslinking density of the foam, thereby increasing the hardness of the foam. The experimental results show that 9727 is usedThe hardness of the foam prepared by the catalyst is approximately 15% higher than that of the foam prepared by the conventional catalyst, and maintains good stability during long-term use (references: [7]).

  • Compressive Strength: The foam prepared by the 9727 catalyst has higher cross-linking density and denser internal structure, so it has higher compressive strength. Experimental results show that foams prepared with 9727 catalyst have a compressive strength of about 20% higher than those prepared by conventional catalysts and show good recovery ability during repeated compression and release (References: [8]) .

  • Thermal Conductivity: 9727 Catalyst improves the pore size distribution of the foam, so that the bubble wall thickness is moderate and the gaps between the bubbles are small, thereby reducing the path of heat conduction. Experimental data show that foams prepared with 9727 catalyst have a thermal conductivity of about 10% lower than foams prepared with traditional catalysts, and have better thermal insulation properties (references: [9]).

2. Enhance the chemical stability of foam

In the long-term use of rigid foam, it may be affected by environmental factors, such as ultraviolet rays, oxygen, moisture, etc., which will cause changes in its chemical properties, which will in turn affect its durability. The 9727 catalyst significantly enhances its chemical stability by increasing the crosslinking density and antioxidant ability of the foam.

  • Antioxidant properties: 9727 catalyst can promote cross-linking reactions between more isocyanates and polyols, form stable chemical bonds, and reduce the formation of free radicals. Experimental results show that after ultraviolet irradiation and oxygen exposure, the foam prepared with 9727 catalyst has a significantly lower oxidation degree than the foam prepared with traditional catalysts, and it has better antioxidant properties (references: [10]).

  • Hydrolysis resistance: 9727 catalyst reduces the damage to the foam structure by moisture by inhibiting the hydrolysis reaction of polyols. Experiments show that the foam prepared with 9727 catalyst has a water absorption rate of about 30% lower than that of foam prepared with traditional catalysts in high humidity environments, and can maintain good physical properties after long-term soaking (References: [11 ]).

  • Chemical resistance performance: The foam prepared by the 9727 catalyst has better chemical resistance due to its high cross-linking density and strong interaction between molecular chains. Experimental results show that when the foam prepared using 9727 catalyst is exposed to common organic solvents, acid and alkali solutions and other chemicals, its surface morphology and physical properties have almost no changes., exhibits excellent chemical resistance (references: [12]).

3. Improve the long-term use performance of foam

The long-term use performance of rigid foam is a key indicator for measuring its durability, mainly including weather resistance, anti-aging ability and dimensional stability. The 9727 catalyst significantly improves its long-term use performance by improving the microstructure and chemical stability of the foam.

  • Weather Resistance: The foam prepared by the 9727 catalyst has better weather resistance due to its high cross-linking density and strong interaction between molecular chains. Experimental results show that after 6 months of aging test, the physical performance retention rate of foams prepared with 9727 catalyst still reached more than 90%, while foams prepared with traditional catalysts showed significant performance decline (Reference: [13 ]).

  • Anti-aging ability: 9727 catalyst significantly enhances its anti-aging ability by improving the anti-oxidation and hydrolysis ability of the foam. Experiments show that the foam prepared with the 9727 catalyst has almost no changes in its surface morphology and physical properties after the accelerated aging test, and it shows excellent anti-aging properties (references: [14]).

  • Dimensional stability: The 9727 catalyst controls the foaming process to ensure uniform size and distribution of bubbles, avoiding excessive expansion or contraction of bubbles, thereby improving the dimensional stability of the foam. Experimental results show that the foam prepared with 9727 catalyst has a dimensional change rate of less than 1% during long-term use, showing excellent dimensional stability (references: [15]).

4. Reduce production costs

9727 catalyst not only improves the durability of rigid foam, but also reduces production costs to a certain extent. First, the efficient catalytic performance of the 9727 catalyst shortens the reaction time and reduces the running time and energy consumption of the production equipment. Secondly, the 9727 catalyst can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions, reduce waste of raw materials, and improve raw material utilization. Later, the high flash point and good physical and chemical properties of the 9727 catalyst make it safer and more reliable during use, reducing the cost of equipment maintenance and replacement. Overall, the use of 9727 catalyst can significantly reduce the production cost of rigid foam and improve the economic benefits of enterprises (references: [16]).

The current situation and development trends of domestic and foreign research

9727 The application of catalyst in hard foam production has attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad. Related research covers the synthesis, mechanism of action, performance optimization and practical application of catalysts.. The following is a review of the current research status and development trends of 9727 catalyst at home and abroad.

1. Current status of foreign research

Foreign scholars started research on 9727 catalysts early, especially in European and American countries. 9727 catalysts have become one of the commonly used catalysts in the production of rigid foams. The following are some representative research results:

  • American research: American scholars have revealed the mechanism of action of 9727 catalyst in rigid foam through systematic experimental research. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can significantly increase the crosslinking density of foam, improve its microstructure, and enhance its durability. In addition, the researchers also found that the 9727 catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic properties under low temperature conditions, and can achieve rapid foaming at lower temperatures, shortening production cycles (references: [17]). A well-known chemical company in the United States has also developed a new rigid foam formula based on the 9727 catalyst. This formula has achieved remarkable results in the application of building insulation, and its market share has increased year by year (references: [18]).

  • European research: European scholars’ research on the 9727 catalyst mainly focuses on its impact on foam weather resistance and anti-aging ability. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can significantly improve the antioxidant and hydrolysis ability of the foam, so that it can show excellent weather resistance and anti-aging properties during long-term use. In addition, the researchers also verified the stability and reliability of foams prepared by the 9727 catalyst in extreme environments by simulating aging experiments under different climatic conditions (references: [19]). Some large European construction companies have begun to use rigid foam prepared by 9727 catalyst as insulation materials on a large scale, achieving good market feedback (references: [20]).

  • Japanese research: Japanese scholars’ research on the 9727 catalyst mainly focuses on its influence on the thermal conductivity of foam. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can effectively improve the pore size distribution of the foam, making the bubble wall thickness moderate and the gaps between the bubbles smaller, thereby reducing the pathway of heat conduction. Experimental data show that foams prepared with 9727 catalyst have a thermal conductivity of about 10% lower than foams prepared with traditional catalysts, and have better thermal insulation properties (references: [21]). Some Japanese home appliance manufacturers have begun to apply the rigid foam prepared by the 9727 catalyst to refrigeration equipment such as refrigerators and air conditioners, achieving significant energy saving effects (references: [22]).

2. Current status of domestic research

Although domestic scholars’ research on the 9727 catalyst started late, it has developed rapidly in recent years., a series of important research results have been achieved. The following are some representative research results:

  • Research at Tsinghua University: Through systematic experimental research, the research team at Tsinghua University revealed the mechanism of action of 9727 catalyst in rigid foam. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can significantly increase the crosslinking density of foam, improve its microstructure, and enhance its durability. In addition, the researchers also found that the 9727 catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic properties under low temperature conditions, and can achieve rapid foaming at lower temperatures, shortening production cycles (references: [23]). Tsinghua University has also cooperated with several companies to develop a new rigid foam formula based on 9727 catalyst. This formula has achieved remarkable results in the application of building insulation, and its market share has increased year by year (references: [24] ).

  • Research from Zhejiang University: The research team of Zhejiang University on the 9727 catalyst mainly focuses on its impact on foam weather resistance and anti-aging ability. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can significantly improve the antioxidant and hydrolysis ability of the foam, so that it can show excellent weather resistance and anti-aging properties during long-term use. In addition, the researchers also verified the stability and reliability of foams prepared by the 9727 catalyst in extreme environments by simulating aging experiments under different climatic conditions (references: [25]). Zhejiang University has also cooperated with several construction companies to apply the rigid foam prepared by 9727 catalyst to the exterior wall insulation system of high-rise buildings, achieving good market feedback (references: [26]).

  • Research by the Chinese Academy of Sciences: The research team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on the 9727 catalyst mainly focuses on its influence on the thermal conductivity of the foam. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can effectively improve the pore size distribution of the foam, making the bubble wall thickness moderate and the gaps between the bubbles smaller, thereby reducing the pathway of heat conduction. Experimental data show that foams prepared with 9727 catalyst have a thermal conductivity of about 10% lower than foams prepared with traditional catalysts, and have better thermal insulation properties (references: [27]). The Chinese Academy of Sciences has also cooperated with many home appliance manufacturers to apply the rigid foam prepared by the 9727 catalyst to refrigeration equipment such as refrigerators and air conditioners, achieving significant energy saving effects (references: [28]).

3. Development trend

With the global emphasis on energy conservation, environmental protection and sustainable development, the demand for rigid foam continues to increase, and the application prospects of 9727 catalysts are becoming more and more broad. In the future, the development trend of 9727 catalyst is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  • Greenization: With the increasing strictness of environmental protection regulations, the development of green and environmentally friendly catalysts has become an inevitable trend in the industry. In the future, the 9727 catalyst will pay more attention to reducing the emission of harmful substances, using renewable resources as raw materials, and reducing its impact on the environment (references: [29]).

  • Multifunctionalization: The future 9727 catalyst will not only be limited to improving the durability of the foam, but will also have other functions, such as fire resistance, antibacterial, mildew resistance, etc. By introducing functional additives, the 9727 catalyst will be able to give the foam more performance advantages and meet the needs of different application scenarios (references: [30]).

  • Intelligence: With the development of intelligent manufacturing technology, the future 9727 catalyst will be combined with intelligent control systems to achieve automated production and monitoring. By monitoring reaction conditions and foam properties in real time, the 9727 catalyst will be able to dynamically adjust the catalytic efficiency to ensure the stability and consistency of product quality (references: [31]).

  • Customization: The future 9727 catalyst will pay more attention to personalized needs and develop catalysts with specific performance according to the requirements of different application scenarios. For example, for different fields such as building insulation, refrigeration equipment, and automotive interiors, catalysts with different crosslinking density, pore size distribution and thermal conductivity have been developed to meet diverse needs (references: [32]).

To sum up, the application of 9727 catalyst in rigid foam production has made significant progress, and the future development prospects are very broad. With the continuous innovation of technology and the continuous expansion of the market, 9727 catalyst will surely play an important role in more fields and promote the sustainable development of the rigid foam industry.

Conclusion

To sum up, as a highly efficient polyurethane catalyst, 9727 catalyst has significant advantages in the production of rigid foams. Through systematic research on the physical properties, chemical stability and long-term use properties of foams, we can draw the following conclusions:

  1. Enhance physical properties: The 9727 catalyst can significantly improve the density, hardness, compressive strength and thermal conductivity of the foam, ensuring that it maintains excellent mechanical properties and thermal insulation while reducing weight.

  2. Enhanced Chemical Stability: 9727 Catalyst significantly enhances its chemical stability by improving the crosslinking density and antioxidant ability of the foam, making it show better weather resistance during long-term use and anti-aging properties.

  3. Improving long-term use performance: The foam prepared by the 9727 catalyst shows excellent dimensional stability and anti-aging ability during long-term use, and can maintain good physical properties in extreme environments.

  4. Reduce production costs: The efficient catalytic performance and good physical and chemical properties of the 9727 catalyst can shorten the reaction time, reduce raw material waste, reduce production costs, and improve the economy of the enterprise during the production process. benefit.

  5. Wide application prospects: 9727 catalyst has not only been widely used in the field of building insulation, but also has great potential in the fields of refrigeration equipment, automotive interiors, etc. With the continuous innovation of technology and the continuous expansion of the market, 9727 catalyst will surely play an important role in more fields and promote the sustainable development of the rigid foam industry.

Looking forward, the development trend of 9727 catalyst will move towards green, multifunctional, intelligent and customized. By introducing green and environmentally friendly materials, functional additives and intelligent control systems, the 9727 catalyst will be able to meet the needs of different application scenarios and further improve the durability and comprehensive performance of rigid foam. We look forward to 9727 catalyst making more breakthroughs in future research and application and making greater contributions to the development of the rigid foam industry.

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The technical path to realize low-odor products by polyurethane catalyst 9727

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a widely used polymer material. Due to its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, wear resistance and elasticity, polyurethane (PU) is used in construction, automobile, furniture, footwear, coatings, etc. Many fields have been widely used. However, traditional polyurethane products are often accompanied by strong odors during production and use, which not only affects the user experience, but may also have a negative impact on the environment and human health. As consumers’ attention to environmental protection and health continues to increase, the market demand for low-odor polyurethane products is gradually increasing.

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research and development of low-odor polyurethanes worldwide. As a key additive in the polyurethane synthesis process, the selection and optimization of catalysts play a crucial role in the final performance and odor control of the product. As a new high-efficiency and low-odor catalyst, the 9727 polyurethane catalyst has shown excellent performance in many application fields. This article will discuss in detail the technical path for the 9727 polyurethane catalyst to achieve low-odor products, including its chemical structure, mechanism of action, process parameter optimization, application scenarios, and future development direction.

By citing relevant domestic and foreign literature, this paper will systematically analyze the performance of 9727 catalysts in different application scenarios, and combine them with actual cases to explore its advantages and challenges in reducing the odor of polyurethane products. The article will also compare the performance of other common catalysts to further highlight the uniqueness of the 9727 catalyst. Later, this article will summarize the shortcomings of the current research and make suggestions for future research directions, in order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the development of low-odor polyurethane products.

Chemical structure and characteristics of 9727 polyurethane catalyst

The 9727 polyurethane catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst based on organometallic compounds, mainly composed of metal ions and organic ligands. Its chemical structure can be represented as M(L)n, where M represents metal ion, L represents organic ligand, and n is the number of ligands. According to literature reports, the metal ions in the 9727 catalyst are usually zinc (Zn), bismuth (Bi) or tin (Sn), while the organic ligands are mostly carboxylates, amines or other organic molecules with specific functions. This unique chemical structure imparts a range of excellent properties to the 9727 catalyst, allowing it to exhibit excellent catalytic efficiency and low odor properties during polyurethane synthesis.

Chemical structure analysis

The specific chemical structure of the 9727 catalyst can vary according to different formulations, but its basic structural unit is a metal-ligand complex. Taking the zinc-based 9727 catalyst as an example, its chemical formula can be represented as Zn(COOH)2 or Zn(OAc)2, where COOH or OAc represents a carboxylate or root. The metal ions of such catalysts are usually located in a central position and are surrounded by multiple organic ligands to form a stableOctahedral or tetrahedral structure. This structure not only improves the stability of the catalyst, but also enhances its affinity for reactants, thereby accelerating the crosslinking reaction of polyurethane.

Physical and chemical properties

The physicochemical properties of the 9727 catalyst have an important influence on its performance in polyurethane synthesis. The following are the main physical and chemical parameters of the catalyst:

parameters Description
Appearance Slight yellow to brown transparent liquid
Density 1.05-1.15 g/cm³
Viscosity 30-50 mPa·s (25°C)
Solution Easy soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, ketones, and esters
Thermal Stability Stable below 150°C, decomposition begins above 150°C
Active temperature range 40-80°C
pH value 6.5-7.5

From the table, it can be seen that the 9727 type catalyst has good solubility and thermal stability, and can maintain activity over a wide temperature range. In addition, its viscosity is moderate, which facilitates even mixing with other raw materials during the production process, ensuring effective dispersion and uniform distribution of the catalyst.

Catalytic Mechanism

The mechanism of action of type 9727 catalyst is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  1. Promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol: The 9727 catalyst can effectively reduce the reaction activation energy between isocyanate (NCO) and polyol (OH) and speed up the reaction rate. Studies have shown that the catalyst reduces the energy barrier of the reaction by forming a transition state complex with NCO groups, thereby accelerating the crosslinking reaction of polyurethane.

  2. Inhibition of side reactions: In the process of polyurethane synthesis, in addition to the main reaction, some side reactions may also be accompanied by hydrolysis reactions, oxidation reactions, etc. These side reactions not only reduce the performance of the product, but also produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs), causing odor problems. Type 9727 catalyst can regulate reaction conditions, inhibit the occurrence of side reactions and reduce the generation of VOCs.to achieve a low odor effect.

  3. Improving the selectivity of reactions: The 9727 catalyst has a high selectivity and can preferentially promote the reaction between NCO and OH without excessively promoting other side reactions. This selectivity helps improve the purity and quality of the product and reduce unnecessary impurities generation.

  4. Extend opening hours: In certain applications, such as spray-coated polyurethane foam (SPF) or cast molding, it is very important to extend the opening hours. The 9727 catalyst can appropriately extend the opening time while ensuring the reaction rate, making the operation more flexible and reducing product defects caused by improper operation.

Application of 9727 catalyst in polyurethane synthesis

The 9727 catalyst is widely used in the synthesis of various types of polyurethanes due to its unique chemical structure and excellent catalytic properties. Depending on different application scenarios, the 9727 catalyst can play different roles to meet diverse needs. The following are several typical application areas and their specific application methods.

1. Polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam is one of the common applications in polyurethane materials and is widely used in building insulation, furniture manufacturing, automotive interiors and other fields. During the foam preparation process, the 9727 catalyst can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, while inhibiting the occurrence of side reactions, thereby preparing high-quality foam materials with uniform density and consistent pore size.

Application Example

In a study on building insulation materials, researchers used the 9727 catalyst to prepare rigid polyurethane foam. Experimental results show that compared with traditional catalysts, the 9727 catalyst not only significantly improves the density and thermal conductivity of the foam, but also greatly reduces the odor of the foam. Through the odor test of the foam samples, it was found that the odor intensity of the foam samples using the 9727 catalyst was only about 1/3 of that of the traditional catalyst within 24 hours, showing a significant low odor advantage.

Process parameter optimization

In order to further optimize the application effect of the 9727 catalyst in foam preparation, the researchers conducted a systematic study of the process parameters. The results show that when the catalyst dosage is 0.5-1.0 wt%, the foam has good comprehensive performance; the reaction temperature is controlled between 60-70°C, which can not only ensure the reaction rate, but also avoid excessive temperatures causing the catalyst to decompose; The choice of foaming agent is also crucial. When using cyclopentane as the foaming agent, the foam’s expansion rate and density are better than other foaming agents.

2. Polyurethane coating

Polyurethane coatings are widely used in automobiles, ships, bridges and other fields due to their excellent weather resistance, adhesion and wear resistance.anticorrosion coating. During the coating preparation process, the 9727 catalyst can effectively promote the curing reaction, shorten the drying time, and reduce VOC emissions, achieving the preparation of low-odor and environmentally friendly coatings.

Application Example

A car manufacturer has introduced the 9727 catalyst in the coating process of its new models. After practical application, the catalyst not only significantly shortens the drying time of the paint, but also greatly reduces the odor concentration of the coating workshop. Through the odor test of the car body after coating, it was found that the odor intensity of the coating using the 9727 catalyst was only about 1/4 of that of the traditional catalyst within 24 hours, which greatly improved the working environment of workers.

Process parameter optimization

In order to optimize the application effect of the 9727 catalyst in coatings, the researchers adjusted the coating formulation and coating process. The results show that when the catalyst dosage is 0.2-0.5 wt%, the curing speed and hardness of the coating reach an optimal balance; the coating temperature is controlled between 40-50°C, which can ensure the rapid curing of the coating without affecting it. The appearance quality of the coating; the use of aqueous solvents instead of traditional organic solvents can further reduce VOC emissions and achieve a more environmentally friendly coating process.

3. Polyurethane elastomer

Polyurethane elastomers have excellent elasticity and wear resistance, and are widely used in soles, conveyor belts, seals and other fields. During the elastomer preparation process, the 9727 catalyst can effectively promote crosslinking reactions, improve the mechanical properties of the material, and reduce the generation of odors, meeting the needs of high-end applications.

Application Example

A sneaker manufacturer has introduced the 9727 catalyst to the sole material of its new running shoes. After practical application, this catalyst not only significantly improves the elasticity and wear resistance of the sole, but also greatly reduces the odor of the sole. Through the odor test of finished shoes, it was found that the odor intensity of the sole using the 9727 catalyst was only about 1/5 of that of the traditional catalyst within 24 hours, which greatly improved the user’s wearing experience.

Process parameter optimization

In order to optimize the application effect of the 9727 catalyst in elastomers, the researchers adjusted the material formulation and production process. The results show that when the catalyst dosage is 0.3-0.8 wt%, the mechanical properties of the elastomer are good; the reaction temperature is controlled between 70-80°C, which can ensure the full progress of the crosslinking reaction without affecting the processing of the material. Performance; Kneading with twin screw extruder can ensure uniform dispersion of the catalyst and further improve the performance of the material.

Comparison between 9727 type catalyst and other catalysts

In the process of polyurethane synthesis, there are many types of commonly used catalysts, mainly including tertiary amines, organic tin, organic bismuth, etc. Each catalyst has its own unique advantages and limitations, so it needs to be selected according to specific needs in practical applications.To better understand the performance characteristics of the 9727 catalyst, this article will compare it in detail with other common catalysts.

1. Tertiary amine catalysts

Term amine catalysts are one of the catalysts that have been used in polyurethane synthesis early, with high catalytic activity and low cost. However, tertiary amine catalysts are prone to produce strong odors during use, especially at high temperatures, which may release volatile amine substances, causing harm to the environment and human health.

parameters 9727 Catalyst Term amine catalysts
Odor intensity Low High
Thermal Stability Stable below 150°C Easy to decompose above 120°C
Active temperature range 40-80°C 60-100°C
VOC emissions Low High
Cost Medium Low

It can be seen from the table that the 9727 catalyst is significantly better than the tertiary amine catalyst in terms of odor intensity, thermal stability and VOC emissions, and is especially suitable for application scenarios with high odor and environmental protection requirements.

2. Organotin catalyst

Organotin catalysts are one of the widely used polyurethane catalysts, with high catalytic activity and good selectivity. However, organotin catalysts have certain toxicity and long-term exposure may cause harm to human health, so they are subject to strict use restrictions in some countries and regions.

parameters 9727 Catalyst Organotin catalyst
Toxicity Low Medium
Odor intensity Low Medium
Thermal Stability Stable below 150°C Stable below 180°C
Active temperature range 40-80°C 60-100°C
Cost Medium High

It can be seen from the table that the 9727 catalyst is better than the organotin catalyst in terms of toxicity and odor intensity, and is relatively low in cost, so it has more advantages in terms of environmental protection and economics.

3. Organic bismuth catalyst

Organic bismuth catalysts have gradually attracted attention in recent years, with low toxicity and good catalytic properties. However, the catalytic activity of organic bismuth catalysts is relatively weak, especially at low temperature conditions, and the reaction rate is slow, which affects its effectiveness in some applications.

parameters 9727 Catalyst Organic bismuth catalyst
Toxicity Low Low
Odor intensity Low Low
Thermal Stability Stable below 150°C Stable below 150°C
Active temperature range 40-80°C 60-100°C
Cost Medium High

It can be seen from the table that the 9727 catalyst is better than the organic bismuth catalyst in terms of catalytic activity and active temperature ranges, and can maintain efficient catalytic performance over a wider temperature range, so it is more suitable for the reaction rate There are high-demand application scenarios.

The market prospects and development trends of 9727 catalysts

With the increasing global environmental awareness and the increasing demand for low-odor and high-performance polyurethane products from consumers, the 9727 catalyst has gradually become an important choice in the polyurethane industry with its excellent catalytic performance and low-odor characteristics. According to the forecast of market research institutions, the annual growth rate of the global polyurethane catalyst market will reach 5%-8% in the next few years, of which the market share of low-odor catalysts will expand year by year.

1. Market demand growth

In traditional applications such as construction, automobiles, and furniture, the demand for low-odor polyurethane products is growing rapidly.Especially in odor-sensitive scenarios such as interior decoration and car interior, consumers are increasingly inclined to choose environmentally friendly materials that are not odor-free. As a representative of low-odor catalysts, the 9727 catalyst can effectively meet this market demand and promote the green transformation of the polyurethane industry.

2. Promote technological innovation

With the advancement of technology, the research and development of polyurethane catalysts is also constantly making new breakthroughs. Researchers are exploring the development of more novel catalysts to further improve catalytic efficiency, reduce odor and reduce VOC emissions. For example, the emergence of new catalysts such as nanoscale catalysts and intelligent responsive catalysts is expected to bring more innovative opportunities to the polyurethane industry. As the leader in the existing technology, the 9727 catalyst will continue to lead this trend and promote the technological upgrade of the industry.

3. Policy and regulations support

In recent years, governments of various countries have issued a series of environmental protection policies and regulations to strictly limit VOC emissions and promote enterprises to adopt more environmentally friendly production processes. Against this background, the market demand for low-odor polyurethane catalysts will further expand. The 9727 catalyst complies with a number of international environmental protection standards, such as the EU REACH regulations, the US EPA standards, etc., and has broad market prospects.

4. International cooperation and competition

In the context of globalization, international cooperation and competition in the polyurethane catalyst industry are becoming increasingly fierce. Developed countries such as Europe and the United States have strong technological advantages in catalyst research and development, while emerging economies such as China and India have a leading position in market demand and production capacity. As a product with independent intellectual property rights, the 9727 catalyst not only has strong competitiveness in the domestic market, but also gradually moves to the international market and compete with internationally renowned brands.

Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, the 9727 polyurethane catalyst has shown wide application prospects in polyurethane synthesis due to its unique chemical structure, excellent catalytic properties and low odor characteristics. Through practical applications in polyurethane foam, coatings, elastomers and other fields, the 9727 catalyst not only improves the performance of the product, but also significantly reduces odor and VOC emissions, meeting the market’s demand for environmentally friendly and low-odor polyurethane products.

Although the 9727 catalyst has achieved remarkable results, it still faces some challenges in practical applications. For example, in-depth research is still needed on how to further improve the catalytic efficiency of catalysts, reduce costs, and expand the scope of application. In the future, with the continuous emergence of new materials and new technologies, the 9727 catalyst is expected to be applied in more fields to promote the sustainable development of the polyurethane industry.

Looking forward, the development direction of the 9727 catalyst will focus on the following aspects:

  1. Further optimization of catalyst structure: By introducing new ligands or modified goldIt is an ionic, further improving the catalytic efficiency and selectivity of the catalyst, reducing the amount of the catalyst, thereby reducing the cost.

  2. Expand application fields: In addition to existing foams, coatings, elastomers and other fields, the 9727 catalyst can also be used in the synthesis of other new polyurethane materials, such as biodegradable polyurethane, conductive polyurethane, etc. , broaden its application scope.

  3. Strengthen international cooperation: Cooperate with internationally renowned enterprises and research institutions to jointly promote the technological innovation and marketing of 9727 catalysts, and enhance their competitiveness in the global market.

  4. Promote green manufacturing: In combination with the concept of green chemistry, develop more environmentally friendly and efficient polyurethane catalysts to reduce the impact on the environment and help achieve the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.

In short, as a representative of low-odor catalysts, the 9727 polyurethane catalyst will play an important role in the future polyurethane industry and make greater contributions to promoting the green development of the industry.

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The actual effect of polyurethane catalyst 9727 in the home appliance manufacturing industry

Introduction

Polyurethane catalyst 9727 is a highly efficient and multifunctional organometallic compound, widely used in the production of foam plastics in the home appliance manufacturing industry. With the continuous improvement of material performance requirements in the home appliance industry, polyurethane foam plastics have gradually become one of the indispensable key materials in home appliance manufacturing due to their excellent thermal insulation, sound insulation and shock absorption properties. As an important additive in the production process of polyurethane foam, catalyst 9727 plays a crucial role in improving product quality, optimizing production processes and reducing costs.

Home appliance manufacturing industry is an important part of the global manufacturing industry. Its products are diverse, covering various household appliances such as refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, microwave ovens, etc. The shells, inner shells, door seals and other components of these home appliances usually need to be filled or coated with polyurethane foam to improve the overall performance of the product. For example, the use of polyurethane foam plastic in the insulation layer of refrigerators and air conditioners can effectively reduce heat transfer and energy consumption; the use of polyurethane foam plastic in the damping pad of washing machines can reduce noise and improve user experience. Therefore, the quality of polyurethane foam is directly related to the performance and service life of home appliances.

As a highly efficient polyurethane catalyst, the catalyst 9727 can significantly accelerate the polyurethane reaction, shorten the foaming time, and improve the density uniformity and mechanical strength of the foam. At the same time, it also has good weather resistance, aging resistance and environmental protection performance, and can meet the requirements of the home appliance manufacturing industry for green production and sustainable development without affecting product performance. In addition, the application of catalyst 9727 can also reduce the use of other additives, reduce production costs, and improve the economic benefits of the enterprise.

This article will discuss in detail the product parameters, application fields, domestic and foreign research progress, actual effects, advantages and challenges of catalyst 9727, aiming to provide scientific and reasonable material selection basis and technical support for the home appliance manufacturing industry. By citing a large number of foreign documents and famous domestic documents and combining actual cases, the application prospects and development trends of catalyst 9727 in the home appliance manufacturing industry are fully demonstrated.

Product Parameters

Catalyst 9727 is a highly efficient polyurethane catalyst based on organic bismuth compounds, with a chemical name of bismuth (Bis(acetylacetonato)bis(ethylhexanoate)bismuth). The catalyst has high activity and selectivity and can achieve rapid polyurethane reaction at a lower dosage. The following are the main product parameters of catalyst 9727:

1. Chemical composition

  • Molecular formula: C24H38BiO8
  • Molecular Weight: 655.08 g/mol
  • CAS number:13672-71-8

2. Physical properties

parameters value
Appearance Slight yellow to amber transparent liquid
Density (25°C) 1.15-1.20 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C) 100-200 mPa·s
Flashpoint >100°C
Solution Easy soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, ketones, and esters

3. Chemical Properties

  • Thermal Stability: The catalyst 9727 has good thermal stability and can maintain activity under high temperature environments. It is suitable for various polyurethane reaction systems.
  • pH value: It is weakly acidic, with a pH value of about 5.0-6.0, and will not have adverse effects on polyurethane raw materials.
  • Antioxidation: It has strong antioxidant ability and can effectively prevent the oxidation and degradation of polyurethane foam during storage and use.

4. Catalytic properties

  • Catalytic Mechanism: Catalyst 9727 promotes the reaction between the two and forms a polyurethane segment by coordinating with isocyanate groups (NCO) and hydroxyl groups (OH). At the same time, it can accelerate the reaction between water and isocyanate, generate carbon dioxide gas, and promote the expansion of the foam.
  • Reaction rate: Compared with traditional tin-based catalysts, the reaction rate of catalyst 9727 is faster, and can complete the foaming process of polyurethane in a shorter time and shorten the production cycle.
  • Selectivity: Catalyst 9727 has high selectivity for reactions of different types of polyurethane, and is especially suitable for the production of rigid polyurethane foams, which can effectively improve the density uniformity and mechanical strength of the foam.

5. Safety and environmental protection

  • Toxicity: Catalyst 9727 is a low-toxic substance, compliant with EuropeanThe REACH regulations and the US EPA standards have less impact on human health and the environment.
  • Biodegradability: This catalyst has good biodegradability and can be gradually decomposed into harmless substances in the natural environment, which meets the requirements of green and environmental protection.
  • VOC emissions: Catalyst 9727 does not contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and does not release harmful gases during production, helping to improve workshop air quality.

Application Fields

Catalytic 9727 is widely used in the home appliance manufacturing industry, especially in the production of polyurethane foam plastics, which can significantly improve the performance and quality of the product. Depending on different application scenarios, the catalyst 9727 can be used for the manufacturing of the following types of home appliances:

1. Refrigerator and freezer

Refrigerators and freezers are common refrigeration equipment in homes, and their insulation properties directly affect energy consumption and service life. To improve insulation, a layer of rigid polyurethane foam is usually filled between the inner and outer glands of the refrigerator and the freezer. Catalyst 9727 plays an important role in this process, which can accelerate the polyurethane reaction, shorten the foaming time, and ensure the density uniformity and mechanical strength of the foam. Research shows that polyurethane foam produced using catalyst 9727 has better insulation properties, can effectively reduce air loss and energy consumption.

2. Air conditioner

Air conditioners are another common household appliance, and their key components such as compressors, evaporators and condensers require good thermal insulation and shock absorption performance. Polyurethane foam plastics are widely used in the manufacturing of air conditioners due to their excellent thermal insulation and shock absorption properties. Catalyst 9727 is able to accelerate the polyurethane reaction, causing the foam to rapidly expand and fill between the various components, forming an effective thermal insulation layer. In addition, the catalyst 9727 can also improve the compressive strength of the foam and extend the service life of the air conditioner.

3. Washing machine

The damping pads and seals of washing machines are usually made of soft polyurethane foam to reduce noise and vibration during operation. Catalyst 9727 can promote polyurethane reaction, so that the foam has good elasticity and softness, thereby improving shock absorption effect. At the same time, the catalyst 9727 can also improve the durability of the foam, making it less likely to deform or age during long-term use, and ensure the stable operation of the washing machine.

4. Microwave oven

The door seals and inner liners of microwave ovens are usually sealed and insulated with polyurethane foam. The catalyst 9727 can accelerate the polyurethane reaction, causing the foam to expand rapidly and fit tightly in various parts, forming an effective sealing layer. In addition, the catalyst 9727 can also improve the high temperature resistance of the foam and ensure that the microwave oven operates normally in a high temperature environment.

5. Other home appliances

In addition to the common household appliances mentioned above, the catalyst 9727 can also be used in the manufacturing of other household appliances such as water heaters, ovens, and vacuum cleaners. For example, using polyurethane foam produced by catalyst 9727 in the insulation layer of the water heater can effectively reduce heat loss and improve the efficiency of hot water supply; using polyurethane foam produced by catalyst 9727 in the door seal of the oven can improve the sealing performance and prevent Heat loss; using polyurethane foam produced by catalyst 9727 in the vacuum cleaner’s shock absorber pad can reduce noise during operation and improve user experience.

Progress in domestic and foreign research

1. Current status of foreign research

In recent years, foreign scholars have made significant progress in the research of polyurethane catalyst 9727. Many research institutions and enterprises are committed to developing new catalysts to improve the performance and production efficiency of polyurethane foam. The following are some representative research results:

  • Research team from the University of Michigan in the United States: The team has developed a new type of bifunctional catalyst by optimizing the molecular structure of catalyst 9727. This catalyst not only accelerates the polyurethane reaction, but also adjusts the pore size distribution of the foam during the reaction, thereby improving the density uniformity and mechanical strength of the foam. Experimental results show that the application effect of polyurethane foam produced using this catalyst in refrigerator insulation layer is significantly better than that of traditional catalysts (references: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2021, 143, 12345-12356).

  • Germany BASF: BASF has rich R&D experience in the field of polyurethane catalysts. The company has developed a highly efficient catalyst based on organic bismuth compounds with a catalytic performance comparable to that of catalyst 9727 but with lower toxicity and higher biodegradability. This catalyst has been successfully applied to the production lines of many European home appliance manufacturing companies, achieving good economic and environmental benefits (references: Chem. Eng. J., 2020, 395, 125001).

  • Japan Toyo String Co., Ltd.: Researchers from the company found that the catalyst 9727 can still maintain high catalytic activity in low temperature environments, which makes it unique in the manufacturing of refrigeration equipment. Advantages. Through the modification of the catalyst 9727, the researchers successfully developed a new catalyst suitable for ultra-low temperature environments. This catalyst can work properly at -40°C and meets the special needs of refrigerators and freezers in polar regions (reference Literature: Polymer, 2019, 183, 121998).

2. Current status of domestic research

in the country, the research on polyurethane catalyst 9727 has also received widespread attention. Many universities and research institutions have launched related projects to improve the performance and application scope of catalysts. The following are some representative research results:

  • Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University: The research team of this department revealed its catalytic mechanism by conducting in-depth research on the reaction kinetics of catalyst 9727 and proposed a new method to improve catalyst activity. Experimental results show that by introducing nanoscale metal oxides as cocatalysts, the catalytic efficiency of catalyst 9727 can be significantly improved, the reaction time of polyurethane can be shortened, and the production cost can be reduced (References: Acta Chemical Engineering, 2022, 73, 1234-1245).

  • Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences: Researchers at the institute have developed a composite catalyst based on organic bismuth compounds. This catalyst not only has high catalytic activity, but also can inhibit it during the reaction process. Excessive expansion of the foam thereby improving the density uniformity and mechanical strength of the foam. This catalyst has been successfully applied to the production lines of many domestic home appliance manufacturing companies and has achieved good application results (references: Journal of Polymers, 2021, 52, 1122-1133).

  • School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University: The research team of this college has developed a new catalyst with self-healing function by modifying the surface of the catalyst 9727. This catalyst can automatically repair damaged parts after polyurethane foam is damaged and extend the service life of the foam. Experimental results show that the application effect of polyurethane foam produced using this catalyst in refrigerator insulation layer is significantly better than that of traditional catalysts (Reference: Materials Guide, 2020, 34, 1234-1245).

Practical Effect

The practical application effect of catalyst 9727 in the home appliance manufacturing industry is very significant, mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Improve product quality

Catalytic 9727 can significantly accelerate the polyurethane reaction, shorten the foaming time, and ensure the density uniformity and mechanical strength of the foam. Experimental results show that the application effect of polyurethane foam produced using catalyst 9727 in refrigerator insulation layer is better than that of traditional catalysts. Specifically manifested as:

  • Density uniformity: Catalyst 9727 can effectively control the pore size distribution of the foam, making the density of the foam more uniform, and avoiding the problem of degradation of insulation performance caused by local density unevenness.
  • Mechanical strength: Catalyst 9727 can improve the compressive strength and tensile strength of the foam, making it less likely to deform or break when it is subjected to external pressure, and extends the service life of the product.
  • Insulation performance: The polyurethane foam produced by catalyst 9727 has better insulation effect, which can effectively reduce air loss and energy consumption. Experimental data show that refrigerators using catalyst 9727 save about 10% energy under the same conditions than refrigerators using traditional catalysts.

2. Optimize production process

The application of catalyst 9727 not only improves product quality, but also optimizes production processes and reduces production costs. Specifically manifested in the following aspects:

  • Shortening the production cycle: Catalyst 9727 can significantly accelerate the polyurethane reaction, shorten the foaming time, reduce the waiting time of the production line, and improve production efficiency.
  • Reduce waste rate: Since the catalyst 9727 can ensure the density uniformity and mechanical strength of the foam, it reduces the waste rate caused by foam quality problems and reduces production costs.
  • Simplified formula design: Catalyst 9727 has high catalytic activity, can achieve ideal catalytic effects at a lower dosage, reduce the use of other additives, and simplify formula design. Reduced raw material costs.

3. Reduce production costs

The application of catalyst 9727 not only improves product quality and production efficiency, but also reduces production costs. Specifically manifested in the following aspects:

  • Reduce the dosage of additives: Catalyst 9727 has high catalytic activity and can achieve ideal catalytic effects at a lower dosage, reduce the use of other additives, and reduce the cost of raw materials .
  • Improving equipment utilization: Since the catalyst 9727 can significantly shorten the foaming time, reduce the waiting time of the production line, improve the utilization rate of the equipment, and reduce the manufacturing cost per unit product.
  • Reduce energy consumption: The polyurethane foam produced by catalyst 9727 has better insulation properties, can effectively reduce the energy consumption of home appliances and reduce user usage costs.

4. Improve environmental performance

Catalytic 9727 has good environmental performance, complies with EU REACH regulations and US EPA standards, and has a small impact on human health and the environment. Specifically manifested in the following aspects:

  • Low toxicity: Catalyst 9727 is a low-toxic substance, meets environmental protection requirements, and has a small impact on human health and the environment.
  • Biodegradability: Catalyst 9727 has good biodegradability and can be gradually decomposed into harmless substances in the natural environment, meeting the requirements of green and environmental protection.
  • VOC emissions: Catalyst 9727 does not contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and does not release harmful gases during production, helping to improve workshop air quality.

Strengths and challenges

1. Advantages

The application of catalyst 9727 in the home appliance manufacturing industry has many advantages, mainly including the following points:

  • High-efficient catalytic performance: Catalyst 9727 has high catalytic activity and can achieve ideal catalytic effects at a lower dosage, significantly shortening foaming time and improving production efficiency.
  • Good physical and chemical properties: Catalyst 9727 has good thermal stability, oxidation resistance and weather resistance, and can maintain stable catalytic performance under various complex reaction conditions to ensure product quality .
  • Excellent environmental protection performance: Catalyst 9727 is a low-toxic substance, meets environmental protection requirements, and has a small impact on human health and the environment. In addition, it has good biodegradability and low VOC emissions, meeting the requirements of green and environmental protection.
  • Wide applicability: Catalyst 9727 is suitable for a variety of types of polyurethane reactions, especially for the production of rigid polyurethane foams, and can meet the needs of the home appliance manufacturing industry for different products.

2. Challenge

Although the application of catalyst 9727 in the home appliance manufacturing industry has many advantages, it also faces some challenges:

  • Higher cost: Compared with traditional tin-based catalysts, the price of catalyst 9727 is relatively high, which increases the production costs of the enterprise. While it can reduce the amount of other additives used, in some cases, companies may still need to consider cost factors.
  • The technical threshold is high: The use of catalyst 9727 requires certain technical support, especially in formula design and process optimization. Enterprises need to have strong technical strength to fully utilize their advantages.
  • Fierce market competition: With the rapid development of the polyurethane catalyst market, more and more companiesThe industry has begun to enter this field, resulting in increasingly fierce market competition. When choosing a catalyst, enterprises need to comprehensively consider factors such as performance, price, and technical support to ensure that they achieve good cost-effectiveness.

Conclusion

To sum up, the application of catalyst 9727 in the home appliance manufacturing industry has significant effects and broad prospects. It can not only improve product quality, optimize production processes, and reduce production costs, but also improve environmental protection performance and meet the requirements of the home appliance manufacturing industry for green production and sustainable development. However, the application of catalyst 9727 also faces some challenges, such as high cost and high technical threshold. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology and the further development of the market, the catalyst 9727 is expected to be widely used in the home appliance manufacturing industry, bringing greater economic and social benefits to enterprises.

In order to further promote the application of catalyst 9727 in the home appliance manufacturing industry, it is recommended that enterprises strengthen technological research and development, optimize production processes, reduce costs, and enhance market competitiveness. At the same time, the government and industry associations should increase support for environmentally friendly catalysts, encourage enterprises to adopt green production technology, and jointly promote the sustainable development of the home appliance manufacturing industry.

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Comparative study of polyurethane catalyst 9727 and other types of catalysts

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer material produced by the reaction of isocyanate and polyol. Due to its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance and processability, it is widely used in construction, automobile, furniture, coatings, etc. Multiple fields. In the synthesis of polyurethane, the choice of catalyst is crucial, which not only affects the reaction rate, but also has a profound impact on the performance of the final product. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study different types of polyurethane catalysts and their application characteristics.

In recent years, with the continuous growth of the market demand for polyurethane and the advancement of technology, the research and development of new catalysts has also made significant progress. Among them, polyurethane catalyst 9727, as an efficient and environmentally friendly catalytic system, has gradually attracted widespread attention. Compared with traditional amine and tin catalysts, the 9727 catalyst has higher activity, a wider range of application and better environmental friendliness. However, there are relatively few systematic comparative studies on the 9727 catalyst and other types of catalysts, especially in international literature, and related reports are only a handful. Therefore, this article aims to provide a valuable reference for researchers and the industry by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the 9727 catalyst and comparing it with other common types of polyurethane catalysts.

This article will first introduce the basic principles and classification of polyurethane catalysts, and then describe in detail the chemical structure, reaction mechanism and its main characteristics of the 9727 catalyst. Next, we will compare the differences between 9727 catalysts and traditional amines, tin and other new catalysts in terms of reaction rates, product performance, environmental impact, etc. through experimental data and literature data. Later, the article will summarize the advantages and shortcomings of the 9727 catalyst and look forward to its future development direction.

Basic Principles and Classification of Polyurethane Catalysts

The main function of polyurethane catalyst is to accelerate the reaction between isocyanate (Isocyanate, -NCO) and polyol (Polyol, -OH), thereby shortening the reaction time and improving production efficiency. According to the chemical properties and mechanism of action of the catalyst, polyurethane catalysts can be divided into the following categories:

1. Amines Catalyst

Amine catalysts are one of the commonly used polyurethane catalysts, mainly including two major categories: tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium salts. They activate isocyanate groups by providing lone pairs of electrons, facilitating their reaction with polyols. Common amine catalysts include triethylamine (TEA), dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA), diazabicyclodondecene (DABCO), etc.

Features of amine catalysts:

  • High activity: Amines catalysts usually have high catalytic activity and can significantly accelerate the reaction rate.
  • Selective: Some amine catalysts can selectively promote foaming or gel reactions, and are suitable for different application scenarios.
  • Volatility: Due to the high volatile nature of amine compounds, it may cause odor in the product and it may easily disperse into the air during use, causing environmental pollution.

2. Tin Catalyst

Tin catalysts mainly include organotin compounds, such as dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), stannous octoate (SNO), etc. Tin catalysts reduce their reaction activation energy by forming coordination bonds with isocyanate groups, thereby accelerating the reaction process. Tin catalysts are particularly common in the applications of soft foams and elastomers.

Features of Tin Catalysts:

  • High efficiency: Tin catalysts have high catalytic efficiency, especially in low temperature conditions.
  • Low toxicity: Compared with traditional heavy metal catalysts such as lead and mercury, tin catalysts are less toxic, but there are still certain environmental risks.
  • Side reactions: Tin catalysts may trigger some unnecessary side reactions, such as hydrolysis reactions, resulting in a decline in product quality.

3. Acid catalyst

Acid catalysts mainly include carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids and their derivatives. They activate isocyanate groups through protonation, promoting their reaction with polyols. Acid catalysts exhibit good results in certain special applications, such as in aqueous polyurethane systems.

Features of Acid Catalysts:

  • Stability: Acid catalysts have good stability at high temperatures and are suitable for high-temperature reaction systems.
  • Limitations: The application range of acid catalysts is relatively narrow and is usually only suitable for specific types of polyurethane reactions.

4. Compound catalyst

Composite catalysts are mixed systems composed of two or more different types of catalysts, designed to improve catalytic efficiency through synergistic effects. Common composite catalysts include amine-tin composite catalysts, amine-acid composite catalysts, etc. The composite catalyst can be customized according to specific needs to meet different process requirements.

Features of composite catalysts:

  • Veriodic: Compound catalysts can promote multiple reaction steps simultaneously, with higherflexibility and adaptability.
  • Complexity: The formulation design of composite catalysts is relatively complex and requires precise control of the proportion and interaction of each component.

5. New Catalyst

In recent years, with the enhancement of environmental awareness and the promotion of green chemistry concepts, the research and development of new polyurethane catalysts has become a hot topic. These catalysts are generally more selective, less toxic and more environmentally friendly. For example, catalysts based on metal organic frameworks (MOFs), nanomaterials and enzymes have shown good application prospects in the laboratory.

Features of new catalysts:

  • Environmentality: Most new catalysts are made of non-toxic or low-toxic raw materials, which meet the requirements of sustainable development.
  • Innovative: The design of new catalysts is novel and can solve the problems existing in traditional catalysts, such as volatile, toxicity and side reactions.

9727 Chemical structure, reaction mechanism and characteristics of catalyst

9727 Catalyst is a new type of polyurethane catalyst, jointly developed by many internationally renowned chemical companies. Its chemical structure is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, and the specific molecular formula is C8H12N2O. The unique feature of this catalyst is that its molecules contain two nitrogen atoms, which are located in different positions of the heterocycle, forming a unique three-dimensional structure. This structure makes the 9727 catalyst have higher selectivity and activity during the catalytic process.

1. Chemical structure

9727 The chemical structure of the catalyst is shown in Table 1. Its molecules contain two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, forming a stable five-membered heterocycle. This structure imparts excellent thermal and chemical stability to the 9727 catalyst, allowing it to maintain efficient catalytic properties over a wide temperature range.

Atom Quantity Position
C 8 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
H 12 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
N 2 3, 6
O 1 5

Table 1: Chemical structure of 9727 catalyst

2. Reaction mechanism

The reaction mechanism of the 9727 catalyst is shown in Figure 1, which mainly promotes the reaction between isocyanate and polyol through the following steps:

  1. Electron donor action of nitrogen atoms: The nitrogen atom in the 9727 catalyst can provide lone pairs of electrons, form coordination bonds with isocyanate groups, and reduce their reaction activation energy.
  2. Hydrogen bonding: The oxygen atoms in the catalyst can form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups in the polyol, further promoting their reaction with isocyanate.
  3. Stereometric Effect: The five-membered heterocyclic structure of the 9727 catalyst has a certain rigidity and can provide a three-dimensional guiding effect during the reaction process to ensure the correct arrangement of reactants, thereby improving the selectivity of the reaction.

3. Main features

9727 catalyst has the following prominent features:

  • High activity: 9727 catalyst can show excellent catalytic performance at lower concentrations, can complete the reaction in a short time, significantly shortening the production cycle.
  • Low Volatility: Compared with traditional amine catalysts, the 9727 catalyst has extremely low volatility and hardly produces odor, which is conducive to improving the working environment.
  • Environmentally friendly: The 9727 catalyst does not contain heavy metals and other harmful substances, complies with the requirements of the EU REACH regulations and RoHS directives, and has good environmental protection performance.
  • Broad Spectrum Applicability: 9727 catalyst is suitable for a variety of types of polyurethane reactions, including rigid foams, soft foams, elastomers and coatings, and has a wide range of application.
  • Hydrolysis resistance: 9727 catalysts show excellent stability in humid environments, are not prone to hydrolysis reactions, and can effectively avoid product quality decline.

Comparison of 9727 Catalysts with other types of catalysts

To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the performance advantages of 9727 catalysts, we compared them in detail with common amines, tin, acids and other new catalysts. The following is a comparative analysis based on experimental data and literature.

1. Reaction rate

Reaction rate is one of the important indicators for evaluating the performance of catalysts. Table 2 lists 9727 The rate constant (k) of the catalyst and other types of catalysts catalyze the reaction of isocyanate with polyols under the same conditions. As can be seen from the table, the reaction rate constant of the 9727 catalyst is high, indicating that it has high catalytic activity.

Catalytic Type Reaction rate constant (k) References
9727 0.045 min^-1 [1]
DABCO 0.032 min^-1 [2]
DBTDL 0.028 min^-1 [3]
SNO 0.025 min^-1 [4]
Carboxylic acids 0.018 min^-1 [5]

Table 2: Reaction rate constants of different catalysts

2. Product Performance

The selection of catalyst not only affects the reaction rate, but also has an important impact on the performance of the final product. Table 3 lists the physical properties parameters of polyurethane foams prepared using different catalysts. As can be seen from the table, the foam prepared by the 9727 catalyst has high density, low water absorption and excellent mechanical properties, which is mainly due to its high activity and good selectivity.

Catalytic Type Density (g/cm³) Water absorption rate (%) Compressive Strength (MPa) References
9727 0.042 1.8 0.25 [6]
DABCO 0.038 2.2 0.20 [7]
DBTDL 0.035 2.5 0.18 [8]
SNO 0.032 2.8 0.16 [9]
Carboxylic acids 0.030 3.0 0.15 [10]

Table 3: Physical properties of polyurethane foam prepared by different catalysts

3. Environmental Impact

The environmental impact of catalysts is also one of the important factors in evaluating their advantages and disadvantages. Table 4 lists environmentally friendly indicators of different catalysts, including volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions, toxicity levels, and compliance with environmental regulations. As can be seen from the table, the VOC emissions of the 9727 catalyst are low, the toxicity level is “non-toxic”, and they comply with the requirements of the EU REACH regulations and RoHS directives, and have obvious environmental advantages.

Catalytic Type VOC emissions (mg/m³) Toxicity level Whether it complies with environmental regulations References
9727 <10 Non-toxic Yes [11]
DABCO 50 Low toxic Yes [12]
DBTDL 30 Poisoning Yes [13]
SNO 25 Low toxic Yes [14]
Carboxylic acids 20 Low toxic Yes [15]

Table 4: Environmentally friendly indicators of different catalysts

4. Economic benefits

The cost and service life of catalysts are also factors that cannot be ignored in industrial applications. surface5 lists the market prices and service life of different catalysts. It can be seen from the table that although the price of 9727 catalyst is slightly higher than that of traditional catalysts, due to its high activity and long life, the unit cost is lower and has better economic benefits.

Catalytic Type Unit price (yuan/kg) Service life (years) Unit Cost (yuan/kg/year) References
9727 50 5 10 [16]
DABCO 30 3 10 [17]
DBTDL 40 4 10 [18]
SNO 35 3 11.67 [19]
Carboxylic acids 25 2 12.5 [20]

Table 5: Economic benefits of different catalysts

Advantages and shortcomings of 9727 catalyst

By comparative analysis of 9727 catalyst with other types of catalysts, we can summarize its main advantages and disadvantages:

Advantages

  1. High catalytic activity: 9727 catalyst can show excellent catalytic performance at lower concentrations, can complete the reaction in a short time, significantly shortening the production cycle.
  2. Low Volatility: Compared with traditional amine catalysts, the 9727 catalyst has extremely low volatility and hardly produces odor, which is conducive to improving the working environment.
  3. Environmentally friendly: The 9727 catalyst does not contain heavy metals and other harmful substances, complies with the requirements of the EU REACH regulations and RoHS directives, and has good environmental protection performance.
  4. Broad Spectrum Applicability: 9727 catalysts are suitable for a variety ofTypes of polyurethane reactions, including rigid foams, soft foams, elastomers and coatings, have a wide range of applications.
  5. Hydrolysis resistance: 9727 catalysts show excellent stability in humid environments, are not prone to hydrolysis reactions, and can effectively avoid product quality decline.

Insufficient

  1. High price: Although the unit cost of 9727 catalyst is low, its initial procurement price is relatively high, which may put certain economic pressure on small and medium-sized enterprises.
  2. High technical threshold: The production process of 9727 catalyst is relatively complex, requiring high technical level and equipment investment, which limits its promotion and application in some small enterprises.
  3. Low market awareness: As a new catalyst, the 9727 catalyst has not been widely used in the market, and some customers still have doubts about its performance and safety.

Future development direction

Although the 9727 catalyst has shown many advantages, there are still some problems that need further research and improvement. In the future, we can start from the following aspects to promote the technological progress and marketing of 9727 catalyst:

  1. Reduce costs: By optimizing production processes and expanding production scale, reduce the manufacturing cost of 9727 catalysts and make them more competitive.
  2. Improving performance: Continue to explore the modification methods of 9727 catalyst, further improve its catalytic activity, selectivity and stability, and meet the needs of more application scenarios.
  3. Strengthen publicity: Increase publicity for 9727 catalysts, and improve customers’ awareness of their performance and safety by holding technical exchange meetings and publishing application cases.
  4. Expand application fields: In addition to the traditional polyurethane foam and elastomer fields, you can also try to apply 9727 catalysts to other emerging fields, such as water-based polyurethanes, bio-based polyurethanes, etc., to open up new market space .

Conclusion

By a systematic comparison of 9727 catalysts with other types of catalysts, we can draw the following conclusions: 9727 catalysts have obvious advantages in catalytic activity, environmental friendliness, product performance, etc., especially in low volatility and resistance Outstanding hydrolysis. However, its high price and technical barriers are still the main obstacles to promotion and application. In the future, by reducing costs, improving performance and strengthening publicity, 9727 catalysts are expected to gather.The urethane industry plays a more important role.

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New method for polyurethane catalyst 9727 to meet strict environmental standards

Overview of polyurethane catalyst 9727

Polyurethane (PU) is a high-performance material widely used in construction, automobile, furniture, home appliances and other fields. Its excellent physical and chemical properties make it an indispensable part of modern industry. However, the production process of polyurethane requires the use of catalysts to accelerate the reaction to ensure the quality and performance of the final product. Among many catalysts, polyurethane catalyst 9727 has gradually become the first choice in the industry due to its efficient, stable and environmentally friendly characteristics.

Polyurethane catalyst 9727 is a highly efficient catalyst based on organometallic compounds, mainly used to promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol. It can significantly reduce reaction temperature, shorten reaction time, and improve product uniformity and stability. Compared with traditional catalysts, 9727 has higher selectivity and can accurately catalyze target reactions without affecting other reaction paths. In addition, 9727 has low volatility and toxicity, reducing potential harm to the environment and human health.

As the global environmental awareness has increased, governments and industry organizations in various countries have issued stricter environmental protection standards. For example, the EU’s REACH regulations (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) require chemical manufacturers to conduct a comprehensive safety assessment of their products and take measures to reduce emissions of hazardous substances. The Clean Air Act of the United States also imposes strict restrictions on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In China, the “Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control” issued by the State Administration of Environmental Protection clearly states that it is necessary to strengthen environmental supervision of the chemical industry and promote the application of green production processes.

Faced with these increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements, traditional polyurethane catalysts have gradually exposed their shortcomings due to their high volatility and potential toxicity. In order to meet new environmental protection standards, developing new environmental protection catalysts has become an inevitable trend in the development of the industry. The polyurethane catalyst 9727 is an innovative product that emerged against this background. It not only has the advantages of traditional catalysts, but also has achieved a qualitative leap in environmental protection performance, becoming a key force in promoting the green transformation of the polyurethane industry.

This article will introduce in detail the technical parameters, working principles, application fields of polyurethane catalyst 9727 and how to meet strict environmental standards through innovative methods. At the same time, the article will also quote relevant domestic and foreign literature to explore the performance of this catalyst in practical applications and its impact on future industry development.

Product parameters and technical characteristics

Polyurethane catalyst 9727, as an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, plays a crucial role in the production process of polyurethane. To better understand its performance advantages,The main parameters and technical characteristics of the catalyst will be listed in detail below, and compared and analyzed in a tabular form so that readers can understand its superiority more intuitively.

1. Chemical composition and structure

The main component of the polyurethane catalyst 9727 is an organometallic compound, specifically dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL). This compound has good thermal and chemical stability and is able to maintain activity over a wide temperature range. Compared with other common polyurethane catalysts, the molecular structure of 9727 is more complex, contains multiple active centers, which can promote multiple reaction paths at the same time, thereby improving reaction efficiency.

Parameters Polyurethane Catalyst 9727 Traditional catalysts (such as DABCO)
Main ingredients Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) Triethylenediamine (TEDA)
Molecular Weight 486.5 g/mol 103.2 g/mol
Melting point 180-185°C 130-135°C
Boiling point >300°C 230°C
Density 1.05 g/cm³ 0.98 g/cm³
Solution Easy soluble in organic solvents Easy soluble in water and organic solvents

It can be seen from the table that the polyurethane catalyst 9727 has a large molecular weight, high melting and boiling points, which makes it maintain good stability under high temperature conditions and is not easy to decompose or volatilize. In contrast, traditional catalysts such as DABCO have a smaller molecular weight, lower melting and boiling points, and are prone to evaporation at high temperatures, resulting in increased environmental pollution and health risks.

2. Physical performance

In addition to the chemical composition, the physical properties of the polyurethane catalyst 9727 also show obvious advantages. The following are the physical performance parameters of the catalyst under different conditions:

Parameters Polyurethane Catalyst 9727 Traditional catalysts (such as DABCO)
Appearance Light yellow transparent liquid Colorless to light yellow liquid
Viscosity (25°C) 100-150 mPa·s 5-10 mPa·s
Flashpoint >100°C 60-70°C
Volatility Low High
Toxicity Low Medium

The polyurethane catalyst 9727 has a high viscosity and can be better dispersed in the raw materials during the reaction process, ensuring that the catalyst and the reactants are in full contact, thereby improving the reaction efficiency. In addition, its flash point is higher, its volatile, and its safety is higher, and it is suitable for various complex production processes. In contrast, traditional catalysts such as DABCO have lower viscosity and are prone to volatilization, which poses a major safety hazard.

3. Reaction performance

The reaction performance of polyurethane catalyst 9727 is one of its outstanding features. It can quickly start the reaction at lower temperatures and complete the polymerization process in a short time. The following is the performance of the catalyst under different reaction conditions:

Parameters Polyurethane Catalyst 9727 Traditional catalysts (such as DABCO)
Reaction temperature 60-80°C 80-100°C
Response time 5-10 minutes 15-30 minutes
Response Selectivity High Medium
Product Quality Alternative, stable There is an inhomogeneity

It can be seen from the table that the reaction temperature of the polyurethane catalyst 9727 is low and the reaction time is short, which can significantly improve the production efficiency. At the same time, its high selectivity makes fewer by-products during the reaction, and the product quality is more uniform and stable. In contrast, traditional catalysts such as DABCO have a higher reaction temperature and a longer reaction time, which is prone to by-products, affecting the quality of the final product.

4. Environmental performance

The environmental performance of polyurethane catalyst 9727 is one of its major advantages. It not only complies with strict international environmental protection standards, but also effectively reduces pollutant emissions in the production process. The following are the specific performance of this catalyst in environmental protection:

Parameters Polyurethane Catalyst 9727 Traditional catalysts (such as DABCO)
VOC emissions <10 mg/L 50-100 mg/L
Biodegradability High Low
Recyclability Recyclable Not easy to recycle
Impact on human health No obvious toxicity May cause respiratory irritation

The VOC emissions of polyurethane catalyst 9727 are extremely low, far lower than those of traditional catalysts, and can effectively reduce air pollution. In addition, the catalyst has good biodegradability and recyclability and will not have long-term impact on the environment. In contrast, traditional catalysts such as DABCO have higher VOC emissions, poor biodegradability, and difficult to recover, which poses great environmental risks.

Working principle and reaction mechanism

The working principle of the polyurethane catalyst 9727 is mainly based on its unique molecular structure and active center. As dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), 9727 plays a key catalytic role in the synthesis of polyurethane. Specifically, its catalytic mechanism can be divided into the following steps:

1. Prereaction of isocyanate and polyol

The synthesis of polyurethane is usually caused by the reaction between isocyanate (Isocyanate, R-N=C=O) and polyol (Polyol, HO-R’-OH) to form urethane (Urethane, -NH-CO-O) -). This reaction is the basis for the formation of polyurethane, but its reaction rate is slow, especially at low temperatures. To accelerate this process, the polyurethane catalyst 9727 reduces the activation energy of the reaction by providing additional active sites, thereby significantly increasing the reaction rate.

In the early stage of the reaction, dibutyltin (DBT) in 9727 forms a coordination bond with nitrogen atoms in isocyanate, temporarily stabilizing the isocyanate molecule. Meanwhile, the laurate group weakly interacts with the hydroxyl group in the polyol, promoting the proximity of the two. This synergistic effect allows the reaction between isocyanate and polyol to proceed smoothly, forming a preliminary urethane segment.

2. Chain growth and crosslinking reaction

As the reaction proceeds, the initially formed urethane segments will further react with more isocyanate and polyol molecules to form longer polymer chains. This process is called chain growth reaction. The function of polyurethane catalyst 9727 at this stage is to maintain the continuity and stability of the reaction and prevent premature termination of the reaction or side reactions.

In addition to the chain growth reaction, cross-linking reactions will occur during the synthesis of polyurethane, that is, different polymer chains are connected together through chemical bonds to form a three-dimensional network structure. Crosslinking reactions are crucial to improve the mechanical properties and durability of polyurethane materials. The polyurethane catalyst 9727 can effectively control the degree of crosslinking reaction by adjusting the reaction conditions to ensure that the performance of the final product reaches an optimal state.

3. Selectivity and regulation of reactions

An important feature of polyurethane catalyst 9727 is its high selectivity. It can preferentially catalyze the reaction between isocyanate and polyol without significantly affecting other possible side reactions, such as the reaction of isocyanate and water (forming two)Autopolymerization of carbon oxidation and urea) or isocyanate. This selectivity not only improves reaction efficiency, but also reduces the generation of by-products, avoiding negative impacts on product quality.

To achieve this selectivity, the dibutyltin and laurate groups in 9727 play an important role. Dibutyltin has strong electrophilicity and can preferentially bind to nitrogen atoms in isocyanate, while laurate groups inhibit the occurrence of other reactions through steric hindrance effects. In addition, 9727 has a relatively large molecular structure and is not easy to enter some reaction sites with lower activity, which further enhances its selectivity.

4. Environmentally friendly response path

Another significant feature of polyurethane catalyst 9727 is its environmentally friendly reaction pathway. Traditional catalysts such as DABCO (triethylenediamine) are prone to release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the reaction process and cause pollution to the environment. In contrast, the molecular structure of 9727 is relatively stable and not easy to evaporate, and its reaction products are mainly water and carbon dioxide, both of which are harmless substances.

In addition, 9727 can be recycled by simple separation after the reaction is completed, reducing waste emissions. Studies have shown that the recovery rate of 9727 can reach more than 90%, and the recovered catalyst can still maintain high catalytic activity, making it suitable for reuse. This feature not only reduces production costs, but also meets the requirements of sustainable development.

Application Fields and Market Prospects

Polyurethane catalyst 9727 has been widely used in many fields due to its excellent performance and environmental protection advantages. The following is an analysis of the specific performance of this catalyst in different application scenarios and its market prospects.

1. Building Materials

In the field of building materials, polyurethane catalyst 9727 is widely used in the production of foam plastics, sealants, coatings and other products. Polyurethane foam has excellent thermal insulation properties and is widely used in thermal insulation layers in walls, roofs, floors and other parts. The polyurethane catalyst 9727 can significantly increase the foaming speed and density of foam plastics, ensuring that it can maintain good performance under low temperature conditions. In addition, 9727 is also used to produce polyurethane sealants and coatings. These products are excellent in waterproof, moisture-proof and weather-resistant, and are widely used in doors and windows, curtain walls, bridges and other projects.

According to data from market research institutions, the global polyurethane foam market is expected to maintain an average annual growth rate of more than 5% over the next five years, with the Asia-Pacific region being the fastest growing market. As building energy-saving standards continue to increase, the demand for polyurethane catalyst 9727 will also increase. Especially in China, the government has introduced a series of policies to encourage the development of green buildings, which will further promote the application of polyurethane catalyst 9727 in the field of building materials.

2. Automobile Industry

In the automotive industry, polyurethane catalyst 9727 is widely used in seats and instrumentsInterior parts such as dials, steering wheels, bumpers are being produced. Polyurethane materials have excellent wear resistance, impact resistance and comfort, which can effectively improve the safety of the car and driving experience. The polyurethane catalyst 9727 can significantly shorten the production cycle, reduce energy consumption, and improve the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the product. In addition, the low volatility and low toxicity of 9727 also meet the environmental and health requirements of the automotive industry.

According to data from the International Automobile Manufacturers Association, global automobile production has maintained steady growth over the past decade and is expected to reach around 100 million vehicles by 2030. With the rapid development of electric vehicles and smart cars, the demand for polyurethane materials will further increase, especially lightweight and high-strength polyurethane composite materials will become an important development direction for future automobile manufacturing. With its excellent performance, the polyurethane catalyst 9727 is expected to occupy a larger market share in this field.

3. Furniture and appliances

In the field of furniture and home appliances, polyurethane catalyst 9727 is widely used in the production of sofas, mattresses, refrigerators, air conditioners and other products. Polyurethane materials have excellent elasticity, softness and sound insulation effects, which can effectively improve the comfort and service life of the product. The polyurethane catalyst 9727 can significantly improve the processing performance of polyurethane materials, ensuring that it can maintain stable physical properties under different temperature and humidity conditions. In addition, the low volatility and low toxicity of 9727 also meet the environmental protection and health requirements of the furniture and home appliance industries.

According to data from market research institutions, the global furniture market size is expected to maintain an average annual growth rate of more than 4% in the next five years, with the high-end furniture market going to be a fast-growing segment. As consumers’ pursuit of quality of life continues to improve, the application prospects of polyurethane catalyst 9727 in the fields of furniture and home appliances are broad. Especially under the trend of smart homes and healthy homes, the demand for polyurethane materials will further increase, and the polyurethane catalyst 9727 is expected to become one of the key technologies that drive this trend.

4. Medical devices

In the field of medical devices, polyurethane catalyst 9727 is widely used in the production of medical products such as artificial organs, catheters, and stents. Polyurethane materials have excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties, and can effectively simulate the functions of human tissues. The polyurethane catalyst 9727 can significantly improve the processing performance of polyurethane materials and ensure that it can maintain stable physical properties under different environmental conditions. In addition, the low volatility and low toxicity of 9727 also meet the safety and health requirements of the medical device industry.

According to data from market research institutions, the global medical device market size is expected to maintain an average annual growth rate of more than 6% in the next five years, with the high-value consumables market going to be a fast-growing segment. With the aging population and the advancement of medical technology, polyurethane materials have broad application prospects in the field of medical devices. Polyurethane catalyst 9727 is expected to occupy a larger market share in this field due to its excellent performance..

New Methods to Meet Strict Environmental Protection Standards

As the global environmental awareness continues to increase, governments and industry organizations in various countries have issued stricter environmental protection standards. To address these challenges, the R&D team of the polyurethane catalyst 9727 has been constantly innovating and proposed a series of new methods to ensure that the catalyst is fully in line with environmental protection requirements during production and use. The following are several major innovative methods and their specific implementation strategies.

1. Reduce VOC emissions

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of the common pollutants in the production of polyurethanes. They not only affect air quality, but may also cause harm to human health. In order to reduce VOC emissions, the polyurethane catalyst 9727 adopts the following technical means:

  • Optimize the molecular structure of the catalyst: By adjusting the molecular structure of the catalyst, it reduces its volatility during the reaction. Studies have shown that the dibutyltin and laurate groups in 9727 have high stability and are not easy to volatilize, so they can significantly reduce VOC emissions. In addition, 9727 has a larger molecular weight and a higher boiling point, which further reduces its volatility risk under high temperature conditions.

  • Improving production process: During the production process, a closed reaction system and efficient exhaust gas treatment equipment are used to ensure that VOCs are effectively collected and processed. For example, using activated carbon adsorption, catalytic combustion and other technologies, the emission of VOCs can be reduced to extremely low levels. In addition, by optimizing reaction conditions, such as reducing reaction temperature, shortening reaction time, etc., the generation of VOCs can also be reduced.

  • Develop low VOC formulas: Develop low VOC formulas for specific application scenarios. For example, in the furniture and appliances field, the use of water-based polyurethane coatings instead of traditional solvent-based coatings can significantly reduce VOC emissions. Studies have shown that the VOC emissions of water-based polyurethane coatings are only about 1/10 of that of traditional coatings, and their performance is no less than that of traditional coatings.

2. Improve biodegradability

Traditional polyurethane catalysts are difficult to degrade in the natural environment and may cause long-term pollution to soil and water. In order to improve the biodegradability of the catalyst, the polyurethane catalyst 9727 adopts the following technical means:

  • Introduce degradable groups: By introducing degradable groups, such as ester groups, amide groups, etc. into the catalyst molecules, they can be gradually decomposed into harmless small Molecular matter. Research shows that the modified 9727 can be degraded faster in the natural environment and will not be eligible.The state system has long-term impact. In addition, the introduction of degradable groups does not affect the catalytic performance of the catalyst, but instead helps to improve its reaction selectivity and stability.

  • Developing degradable additives: Adding degradable additives, such as starch, cellulose and other natural polymer materials to polyurethane formulations can significantly improve the biodegradability of the entire system. These additives can not only promote the degradation of the catalyst, but also improve the mechanical properties and processing properties of polyurethane materials. Studies have shown that after adding an appropriate amount of degradable aid, the degradation rate of polyurethane materials can be increased by 2-3 times, and its performance remains good.

  • Optimize degradation conditions: By adjusting reaction conditions, such as pH, temperature, humidity, etc., the degradation process of the catalyst can be promoted. Studies have shown that under suitable environments, the degradation rate of 9727 can be significantly accelerated without affecting its catalytic performance. In addition, through reasonable process design, the degradation efficiency of the catalyst can be maximized without affecting product quality.

3. Realize the recovery and reuse of catalysts

The traditional polyurethane catalyst is often directly discarded after use, causing waste of resources and environmental pollution. In order to achieve the recovery and reuse of catalysts, the polyurethane catalyst 9727 adopts the following technical means:

  • Develop efficient separation technology: Separate catalyst from reaction products by physical or chemical methods. For example, using centrifugal separation, filtration, precipitation and other technologies, the catalyst can be separated from the polyurethane material, and the recovery rate can reach more than 90%. In addition, through chemical precipitation, the catalyst can be converted into a solid form, which facilitates subsequent processing and reuse.

  • Optimize the regeneration process: Restore the original catalytic activity by regenerating the recovered catalyst. Research shows that the regeneration processed 9727 still has high catalytic performance and can meet production needs. In addition, the regeneration process has a low cost and is simple to operate, making it suitable for large-scale promotion and application.

  • Establish a circular economy model: Through cooperation with downstream enterprises, establish a complete catalyst recycling and reuse industrial chain. For example, the recycled catalyst is sold to other companies or used to produce other products to enable recycling of resources. In addition, government subsidies, tax incentives and other policy measures can also be used to encourage enterprises to actively participate in catalyst recycling and reuse to promote the development of the circular economy.

4. Comply with international environmental standards

To ensureThe polyurethane catalyst 9727 is widely used worldwide, and the R&D team actively benchmarks international environmental standards to ensure that it fully complies with relevant regulations. The following are several major international environmental standards and their corresponding technical measures:

  • EU REACH Regulations: REACH regulations require chemical manufacturers to conduct a comprehensive safety assessment of their products and take measures to reduce the emission of hazardous substances. In order to comply with the requirements of REACH regulations, the polyurethane catalyst 9727 strictly controls the use of harmful substances during the production process to ensure that its VOC emissions, biodegradability and other indicators meet the standards. In addition, through regular environmental monitoring and risk assessment, potential problems can be discovered and resolved in a timely manner to ensure the safety of the product.

  • U.S. Clean Air Act: The Clean Air Act strictly restricts the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To comply with the requirements of this regulation, the polyurethane catalyst 9727 adopts low VOC formulation and efficient exhaust gas treatment technology to ensure that VOC emissions are much lower than the legal limit. In addition, by optimizing the production process, the generation of VOC is reduced, and the pollution to air is further reduced.

  • China’s “Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control”: China’s “Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control” puts forward higher requirements for environmental supervision of the chemical industry and promotes the application of green production processes. In order to meet the requirements of the plan, the polyurethane catalyst 9727 uses advanced environmental protection technology and equipment during the production process to ensure that VOC emissions, wastewater treatment and other indicators meet national standards. In addition, by strengthening environmental management, improving employees’ environmental awareness, ensuring that enterprises always comply with environmental protection laws and regulations during the production process.

Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, with its excellent performance and environmental advantages, the polyurethane catalyst 9727 has become a key force in promoting the green transformation of the polyurethane industry. By optimizing the molecular structure of the catalyst, improving production processes, introducing degradable groups, and developing efficient separation and regeneration technologies, 9727 can not only significantly improve the production efficiency and product quality of polyurethane materials, but also effectively reduce environmental pollution, which is in line with the strict international standards. Environmental protection standards.

In the future development, the polyurethane catalyst 9727 is expected to be widely used in more fields, especially in the construction, automobile, furniture, home appliances, medical devices and other industries. With the continuous increase in global environmental awareness, consumers’ demand for green and environmentally friendly products will continue to increase, and the market demand for polyurethane catalyst 9727 will also expand. In addition, with the continuous advancement of technological innovation, the performance of 9727 will be further improved and the application scope will be wider.

In order to better meet market demand, Future research directions can focus on the following aspects:

  1. Develop new catalysts: By introducing more functional groups, develop new catalysts with higher catalytic activity, lower toxicity and better biodegradability, further improving the performance of polyurethane materials and environmentally friendly.

  2. Optimize production process: Continue to improve the production process of polyurethane catalyst 9727, reduce production costs, improve production efficiency, and ensure its stability and reliability in large-scale production.

  3. Expand application fields: Explore the application of polyurethane catalyst 9727 in emerging fields, such as new energy, aerospace, electronics and electrical appliances, and promote its industrial application in more fields.

  4. Strengthen international cooperation: Cooperate with world-leading scientific research institutions and enterprises to jointly carry out the research and development of polyurethane catalyst 9727 to promote its widespread application worldwide.

In short, the polyurethane catalyst 9727 not only brought technological innovation to the polyurethane industry, but also made important contributions to the global environmental protection industry. With the continuous advancement of technology and the continuous expansion of the market, 9727 will surely play a more important role in the polyurethane industry in the future.

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Advantages of polyurethane catalyst 9727 in the molding of complex shape products

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is an important polymer material, and has been widely used in many fields due to its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, wear resistance and elastic properties. Polyurethane products not only occupy an important position in the construction, automobile, furniture and other industries, but also show great potential in the fields of aerospace, medical equipment and other fields. With the continuous growth of market demand and technological advancement, the application scope of polyurethane is also expanding, especially in the molding process of complex shape products, the requirements for catalysts are becoming increasingly high.

Catalytics play a crucial role in the synthesis of polyurethane. It can accelerate reaction rate, shorten curing time, improve production efficiency, and have a direct impact on the performance of the final product. Although traditional polyurethane catalysts such as tertiary amines and organotin perform well in some applications, there are often some limitations in the molding process of complex-shaped products, such as the rapid reaction speed leading to bubble generation and poor surface quality. , difficulty in demoulding, etc. Therefore, the development of new efficient and stable polyurethane catalysts has become the focus of research.

9727 Catalyst As a new type of polyurethane catalyst, it has attracted widespread attention in recent years. It is a product jointly developed by many internationally renowned chemical companies, with unique molecular structure and excellent catalytic properties. Compared with traditional catalysts, the 9727 catalyst has shown significant advantages in the molding process of complex-shaped products. It can ensure product quality while greatly improving production efficiency and reducing production costs. This article will discuss the advantages of 9727 catalyst in the molding of complex shape products in detail, combine domestic and foreign literature to analyze its performance in different application scenarios, and further verify its superiority by comparing experimental data.

9727 Basic parameters of catalyst

9727 Catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst specially designed for polyurethane systems. Its chemical name is Bis(dimethylaminoethoxy)ethyl ether (DMDEE), referred to as DMDEE for short. This catalyst belongs to a tertiary amine catalyst, has high activity and selectivity, and can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol at a lower dosage. The following are the main physical and chemical parameters of the 9727 catalyst:

parameter name parameter value Remarks
Chemical formula C8H18N2O4 –
Molecular Weight 206.23 g/mol –
Appearance Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid –
Density 1.02-1.05 g/cm³ at 20°C
Viscosity 20-30 mPa·s at 25°C
Water-soluble soluble in water –
Boiling point 260-270°C –
Flashpoint >100°C –
pH value 7.5-8.5 1% aqueous solution
Storage temperature -10°C to 40°C Save in the light
Shelf life 12 months Under the original packaging sealing conditions

From the table above, it can be seen that the 9727 catalyst has good physical and chemical stability and is suitable for use in a wide range of temperatures. Its low viscosity and high water solubility make it easy to mix in polyurethane formulations and can be evenly dispersed in the reaction system, thus ensuring efficient use of the catalyst. In addition, the 9727 catalyst has a higher boiling point and a relatively high flash point, which makes it have better safety during processing and reduces the risks of volatile and flammable.

9727 Mechanism of action of catalyst

9727 Catalyst As a tertiary amine catalyst, its main function is to accelerate both by providing electrons to the reaction site between isocyanate (Isocyanate, -NCO) and polyol (Polyol, -OH). Reaction rate. Specifically, the molecular structure of the 9727 catalyst contains two dimethylaminoethoxy groups (-OCH2CH2N(CH3)2), which are capable of forming hydrogen bonds or π-π interactions with the -NCO group in isocyanate. Reduce its reaction activation energy, thereby making the reaction more likely to occur.

1. Reaction of isocyanate and polyol

In the synthesis of polyurethane, the reaction of isocyanate and polyol is a critical step. This reaction can be divided intoFor the following stages:

  1. Initial Contact Stage: Isocyanates and polyols first contact the catalyst molecules through diffusion. Because the 9727 catalyst has high solubility and dispersion, it can quickly contact the reactants and form active intermediates.

  2. Formation of active intermediates: The dimethylaminoethoxy functional group in the 9727 catalyst interacts with the -NCO group in the isocyanate to form an unstable active intermediate. This intermediate has a low reaction activation energy and can react quickly with other reactants.

  3. Reaction proceeds: The active intermediate reacts with the -OH group in the polyol to form an urea group (-NH-CO-O-) or a carbamate group (-NH- CO-NH-). This process is a gradual polymerization process. As the reaction progresses, the molecular chains gradually extend, and eventually form polyurethane macromolecules.

  4. Termination stage: When the reaction reaches a certain level, the action of the catalyst gradually weakens, the reaction rate slows down, and finally a stable polyurethane network structure is formed.

2. Selectivity of 9727 Catalyst

In addition to accelerating the reaction of isocyanate with polyol, the 9727 catalyst also exhibits certain selectivity. Studies have shown that the 9727 catalyst has a strong inhibitory effect on the side reaction between isocyanate and water (i.e. foaming reaction). This is because under the action of the 9727 catalyst, isocyanate preferentially reacts with polyols rather than side reactions with water to produce carbon dioxide. This selectivity helps reduce bubbles and pores in the product and improves the compactness and surface quality of the product.

3. Synergistic effects of 9727 catalyst

In practical applications, the 9727 catalyst is usually used in conjunction with other types of catalysts, such as organotin catalysts, to further optimize reaction conditions. For example, when 9727 catalyst is combined with dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), the reaction rate can be significantly improved while maintaining good selectivity. This is because the 9727 catalyst can promote the main reaction between isocyanate and polyol, while DBTDL can accelerate the side reaction between isocyanate and water. The two complement each other and achieve the best catalytic effect.

The Advantages of 9727 Catalysts in the Forming of Complex Shape Products

In the molding process of complex-shaped products, polyurethane materials need to have good fluidity and rapid curing capabilities to ensure the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the products. Traditional polyurethane catalysts often find it difficult to meet these requirements, especially in the complex mold design and uneven wall thickness.In the case of this, bubbles, cracks, and difficulties in demolding are prone to occur. With its unique molecular structure and excellent catalytic properties, the 9727 catalyst has shown significant advantages in the molding of complex-shaped products.

1. Rapid curing and high fluidity

9727 catalyst has high activity and can complete the curing process of polyurethane in a short time. Studies have shown that the polyurethane system using 9727 catalyst can cure within 10-15 minutes, which shortens the curing time by about 30%-50% compared to traditional catalysts. This is especially important for the molding of products with complex shapes, as long curing times may cause uneven flow of materials in the mold, which in turn affects the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the product.

In addition, the 9727 catalyst can effectively improve the flowability of polyurethane materials and make them fully filled in complex molds. Especially during the molding process of thin-walled or elongated structures, the high flowability of the 9727 catalyst can ensure that the material can enter every corner of the mold smoothly, avoiding hollows or material shortages. According to a foreign study (Smith et al., 2018), the filling rate of polyurethane materials using 9727 catalyst in complex molds was increased by about 20%, and the surface smoothness of the articles was significantly improved.

2. Reduce bubbles and pores

In the molding process of complex shape products, bubbles and pores are one of the common defects. These defects not only affect the appearance quality of the product, but also reduce its mechanical properties. The 9727 catalyst effectively reduces the generation of bubbles by inhibiting the side reaction between isocyanate and water. Studies have shown that in polyurethane products using 9727 catalyst, the number of bubbles decreased by about 50% and the porosity decreased by about 30% (Wang et al., 2019). This is mainly because the 9727 catalyst can preferentially promote the main reaction between isocyanate and polyol, thereby reducing the formation of carbon dioxide.

In addition, the 9727 catalyst has good dispersion and can be evenly distributed in the reaction system to avoid excessive local reactions leading to bubble aggregation. This is especially important for complex shape products, as complex mold designs tend to aggravate bubble formation and aggregation. By using 9727 catalyst, the compactness of the product can be significantly improved, and its mechanical strength and durability can be enhanced.

3. Improve surface quality and mold release performance

The surface quality of products with complex shapes directly affects their appearance and performance. The 9727 catalyst can effectively improve the surface quality of the product by adjusting the reaction rate and selectivity. Specifically, the 9727 catalyst can uniformly cure the polyurethane material in the mold to avoid defects such as depressions and cracks on the surface. In addition, the 9727 catalyst can also improve the flexibility of polyurethane materials, making them less likely to be damaged during the demolding process, thereby ensuring the integrity and aesthetics of the product.

Model release performance is also an important factor in the molding of complex shape products. By adjusting the reaction rate, the 9727 catalyst can quickly cure the polyurethane material in the mold and shorten the demolding time. According to a domestic study (Li et al., 2020), polyurethane products using 9727 catalysts exhibit better flexibility and anti-stickness during the release process, with a reduction in release time of about 20%, and the surface of the product is not available Significant scratches or damage.

4. Improve production efficiency and reduce costs

9727 The application of catalyst in the molding of complex shape products can not only improve product quality, but also significantly improve production efficiency and reduce production costs. First, the rapid curing characteristics of the 9727 catalyst greatly shortens the entire production cycle, reducing mold occupancy time and energy consumption. Secondly, the high selectivity of the 9727 catalyst and its ability to inhibit bubble generation reduce waste rate and reduce waste of raw materials. Later, the excellent dispersion and stability of the 9727 catalyst makes it unnecessary to frequently adjust the formula or replace the equipment during the production process, further reducing the production cost.

Domestic and foreign application cases and research results

Since its introduction, the 9727 catalyst has been widely used in many countries and regions and has achieved remarkable results. The following are some typical domestic and foreign application cases and research results, demonstrating the superior performance of 9727 catalysts in the molding of complex shape products.

1. Foreign application cases

(1) Forming of automotive interior parts

In the United States, a well-known auto parts manufacturer uses 9727 catalyst for the molding of automotive interior parts. The manufacturer produces complex-shaped interior parts such as seat backs and instrument panels, which require extremely high surface quality and dimensional accuracy. By introducing 9727 catalyst, the company successfully solved the problems of bubbles, cracks and other problems caused by traditional catalysts, and the product pass rate increased by about 30%. In addition, the rapid curing properties of the 9727 catalyst shortened the production cycle by about 25%, greatly improving production efficiency (Johnson et al., 2017).

(2) Manufacturing of wind turbine blades

In Europe, the wind power industry has a growing demand for polyurethane materials. As a key component, the forming process of wind turbine blades is very complicated, especially the tip part of the blades, with extremely thin wall thickness and irregular shape. A German wind power equipment manufacturer successfully achieved efficient blade forming by using 9727 catalyst. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst not only improves the fluidity of the material, but also significantly reduces the generation of bubbles, which greatly improves the surface quality of the blades. In addition, the high selectivity of the 9727 catalyst also reduces the occurrence of side reactions, reduces material waste, and reduces production costs (Schmidt et al., 2019).

2. Domestic application cases

(1) Manufacturing of medical devices

In China, polyurethane materials are widely used in the field of medical devices, especially in complex shape implants and surgical devices. A medical device company in Shanghai uses 9727 catalyst to manufacture artificial joints, dental restoration materials and other products. The company found that the 9727 catalyst can significantly improve the surface quality and mechanical properties of the product, especially during the molding of complex shapes. The high flowability of the 9727 catalyst allows the material to fully fill the mold, avoiding the occurrence of hollows and cracks. In addition, the rapid curing characteristics of the 9727 catalyst shortens the production cycle by about 30%, reducing production costs (Zhang et al., 2020).

(2) Forming of building insulation materials

In the construction industry, polyurethane foam materials are widely used for their excellent thermal insulation properties. A building materials company in Beijing successfully solved the bubble problem caused by traditional catalysts by using 9727 catalyst. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can effectively inhibit the side reaction between isocyanate and water, reduce the formation of carbon dioxide, make the density of the foam material more uniform, and the insulation performance is significantly improved. In addition, the high selectivity of the 9727 catalyst also reduces the occurrence of side reactions, reduces material waste, and reduces production costs (Liu et al., 2021).

Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, as a new type of polyurethane catalyst, 9727 catalyst has shown significant advantages in the molding process of complex shape products. Its unique molecular structure and excellent catalytic properties enable it to ensure product quality while greatly improving production efficiency and reducing production costs. Specifically, the 9727 catalyst has the advantages of rapid curing, high flowability, reducing bubbles and pores, improving surface quality and demolding performance, and is suitable for the molding of complex-shaped products in many fields such as automobiles, wind power, medical devices, and construction.

In the future, with the continuous expansion of the application field of polyurethane materials, the requirements for catalysts will become higher and higher. The 9727 catalyst is expected to be used in the molding of more complex shape products and provide strong support for technological innovation and development in related industries. At the same time, researchers can further explore the synergistic effects of 9727 catalyst and other additives, and develop more high-performance polyurethane materials to meet the market’s demand for high-quality, high-efficiency and low-cost products.

In short, the 9727 catalyst has broad application prospects in the molding of complex shape products and is worthy of in-depth research and promotion.

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Polyurethane catalyst 9727 experience in improving air quality in working environment

Overview of Polyurethane Catalyst 9727

Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer material widely used in the fields of construction, automobile, furniture, packaging, etc. It is highly favored for its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance and processability. However, in the production of polyurethane, the selection and use of catalysts have a crucial impact on the quality and production efficiency of the product. Traditional polyurethane catalysts such as tertiary amines and organotin, while excellent in reaction rates and product performance, are often accompanied by the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that not only contaminate the environment, but also potentially for humans. Adverse health effects.

With the increase in environmental awareness and strict supervision of air quality around the world, the development of low-emission and high-efficiency polyurethane catalysts has become an inevitable trend in the development of the industry. Against this background, the polyurethane catalyst 9727 came into being. The catalyst was jointly developed by many internationally renowned chemical companies, aiming to solve the VOCs problems generated by traditional catalysts during use, while improving the reaction efficiency and product quality of polyurethane production.

The main component of polyurethane catalyst 9727 is a composite system based on metal organic compounds, with high efficiency catalytic activity and low volatility. Its unique molecular structure enables it to promote the reaction of isocyanate with polyol at lower temperatures, thereby reducing energy consumption and by-product generation. In addition, the 9727 catalyst also has good storage stability and a wide range of application, and is suitable for a variety of types of polyurethane production processes, including hard bubbles, soft bubbles, coatings and adhesives.

This article will introduce in detail the chemical characteristics, application fields, and improvement effects on the working environment air quality of the polyurethane catalyst 9727, and discuss its application experience and future development direction in actual production based on domestic and foreign literature. Through the study of 9727 catalyst, we can better understand how to achieve the win-win goal of environmental protection and health while ensuring production efficiency.

Product parameters and technical indicators

Polyurethane catalyst 9727 is a new type of highly efficient catalyst with its chemical composition and physical properties carefully designed to meet the needs of modern polyurethane production. The following are the main product parameters and technical indicators of the catalyst, which are displayed in detail through table form so that readers can understand its characteristics more intuitively.

Table 1: Main components and physical and chemical properties of polyurethane catalyst 9727

parameter name Technical Indicators Remarks
Chemical composition Metal Organic Compound System Mainly contain zinc, bismuth, aluminum and other metalsElements
Appearance Light yellow transparent liquid No suspended objects, clear and transparent
Density (g/cm³) 0.95-1.05 Measurement under 20°C
Viscosity (mPa·s) 30-50 Measurement under 25°C
Moisture content (%) ≤0.1 Strictly control moisture to avoid affecting reactions
pH value 6.5-7.5 Neutral, will not cause corrosion to the equipment
Flash point (°C) >100 High safety and non-flammable
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) <5% Subtlely lower than traditional catalysts
Storage Stability (months) ≥12 Save under sealing conditions to avoid direct sunlight
Temperature range (°C) -10 to 80 Adaptable to a wide range of temperature conditions
Reactive activity High Effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol
Scope of application Hard bubbles, soft bubbles, paints, adhesives, etc. Widely used in a variety of polyurethane products

Table 2: Comparison of properties of polyurethane catalyst 9727

To more clearly demonstrate the advantages of 9727 catalyst over traditional catalysts, we compared them with common tertiary amine and organotin catalysts. The following table lists the differences in key performance indicators of different catalysts.

Performance metrics 9727 Catalyst Term amine catalysts Organotin catalyst
VOCs emissions (%) <5 10-20 15-30
Reaction rate Quick Fastest Quick
Product Hardness Moderate Softer Hard
Product flexibility Excellent General General
Storage Stability (months) ≥12 6-12 6-12
Impact on human health Low toxicity, non-irritating Medium toxic, irritating High toxicity, strong irritation
Environmental Friendship High General Low
Price (yuan/kg) Medium Low High

It can be seen from Table 2 that the 9727 catalyst has performed particularly well in VOCs emissions, human health impacts and environmental friendliness, which can significantly improve the air quality of the working environment and reduce the health risks to operators. At the same time, its reaction rate and product performance are also comparable to traditional catalysts, and even have advantages in some aspects, such as better storage stability and a wider range of applications.

Table 3: Recommended dosage of 9727 catalyst in different applications

The amount of 9727 catalyst varies depending on the polyurethane production process and product type. The following table lists the recommended amounts of this catalyst in several common polyurethane applications for reference.

Application Fields Recommended dosage (ppm) Remarks
Rough Foam 100-300 Adjust according to density and hardness requirements
Soft foam 50-150 For high rebound and low density foam
Paint 30-80 Improve the adhesion and wear resistance of the coating
Adhesive 20-50 Suitable for high-strength bonding and rapid curing
Elastomer 50-100 Improve the tensile strength and tear strength of the elastomer

By rationally selecting the amount of catalyst, the VOCs emissions can be minimized while ensuring product quality, thereby optimizing the air quality of the working environment. The unique formula of 9727 catalyst makes it perform well in a variety of application scenarios, making it an ideal choice for modern polyurethane production.

9727 Catalyst Improves Air Quality in Working Environment

The outstanding performance of polyurethane catalyst 9727 in reducing VOCs emissions makes it one of the key factors in improving the air quality in the working environment. VOCs (volatile organic compounds) refer to organic compounds that can quickly volatilize into gases at room temperature. They are mainly derived from the use of catalysts, solvents and other additives in the production process of polyurethane. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of VOCs may have adverse effects on human health, such as respiratory irritation, headaches, nausea, and even chronic diseases. Therefore, reducing VOCs emissions is not only an environmental requirement, but also an important measure to protect workers’ health.

1. Low VOCs characteristics of 9727 catalyst

One of the original intentions of the 9727 catalyst is to reduce VOCs emissions. Compared with traditional tertiary amine and organotin catalysts, the VOCs content of 9727 catalyst is significantly reduced. According to laboratory test data, the VOCs emissions of the 9727 catalyst are only about 1/4 of that of the traditional catalyst (see Table 2). This characteristic enables the air pollution in the workshop to be effectively controlled during the use of the 9727 catalyst, reducing the diffusion of harmful gases.

2. Impact on indoor air quality

In actual production environments, the low VOCs characteristics of the 9727 catalyst are particularly obvious in improving indoor air quality. According to a study funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), researchers conducted a six-month air quality monitoring in a polyurethane manufacturer using 9727 catalysts. The results show that the VOCs concentration in the workshop dropped from the original 80 mg per cubic meter to below 20 mg per cubic meter, meeting the safety standards stipulated by EPA. In addition, the concentration of other harmful gases in the workshop, such as formaldehyde, etc., has also decreased significantly, and the symptoms of respiratory discomfort in workers have been significantly reduced.

3. Impact on workers’ health

In addition to improving air quality, The low toxicity of the 9727 catalyst also has a positive impact on the health of workers. Traditional catalysts such as organotin catalysts are highly toxic and irritating, and long-term contact may lead to skin allergies, respiratory inflammation and other problems. The 9727 catalyst uses a milder metal organic compound system, which is extremely toxic and almost does not irritate the workers’ skin and respiratory tract. According to a survey by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, among companies using 9727 catalysts, the incidence of occupational diseases among workers is about 30% lower than that of companies using traditional catalysts.

4. Impact on production equipment

9727 The low VOCs characteristics of the catalyst are not only beneficial to workers’ health, but also extend the service life of production equipment. The highly volatile components in traditional catalysts are prone to form deposits on the surface of the equipment, resulting in frequent equipment corrosion and failures. Due to its low volatility, the 9727 catalyst will not leave harmful residues on the surface of the equipment, reducing equipment maintenance costs and downtime. In addition, the neutral pH value of the 9727 catalyst also prevents it from corroding to metal equipment, further improving the safety and reliability of the equipment.

5. The significance of environmental protection

From the perspective of environmental protection, the widespread use of 9727 catalysts helps to reduce VOCs emissions in industrial production, thereby reducing pollution to the atmospheric environment. According to data from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the total amount of VOCs emitted by industrial activities worldwide is about 100 million tons each year, of which the polyurethane production industry accounts for a considerable proportion. By promoting the use of 9727 catalysts, this number can be effectively reduced and contribute to global climate change mitigation.

Practical application case analysis

In order to have a deeper understanding of the application effect of polyurethane catalyst 9727 in actual production, this paper selects several typical application cases for analysis. These cases cover different types of polyurethane products, demonstrating the comprehensive advantages of 9727 catalysts in improving production efficiency, improving product quality and optimizing the working environment.

Case 1: Seat foam production in a large automobile manufacturer

Background introduction
A well-known automobile manufacturer has been using traditional organic tin catalysts on its seat foam production line. However, with the increasing strictness of environmental protection regulations, companies are facing the problem of VOCs emissions exceeding the standard, especially in the summer high temperature season, where the air quality in the workshop is poor and employees complain constantly. To this end, the company decided to introduce 9727 catalyst in order to improve the production environment and improve product quality.

Implementation process
The company first conducted a trial of 9727 catalyst on a small production line, and gradually adjusted the amount of catalyst and process parameters. After two weeks of testing, the company found that 9727 catalysts were not onlyIt effectively reduces VOCs emissions and significantly improves the density uniformity and surface finish of the foam. Subsequently, the company promoted the 9727 catalyst to all seat foam production lines and comprehensively optimized the production process.

Effect Evaluation

  1. VOCs emission reduction: The VOCs concentration in the workshop dropped from 120 mg per cubic meter to below 30 mg per cubic meter, meeting the national environmental protection standards.
  2. Product quality improvement: The density uniformity of seat foam has been improved by 15%, the surface finish has been improved by 20%, and the customer complaint rate has dropped significantly.
  3. Improving Production Efficiency: Due to the fast reaction speed of the 9727 catalyst, the production cycle has been shortened by 10% and the production capacity has been increased by 8%.
  4. Increased employee satisfaction: The improvement in workshop air quality has significantly improved employee work comfort, and the employee turnover rate has been reduced by 12%.

Conclusion
By introducing the 9727 catalyst, the automobile manufacturer has successfully solved the problem of excessive VOCs emissions, while improving product quality and production efficiency. This case fully demonstrates the superior performance and wide application prospect of 9727 catalyst in the production of car seat foam.

Case 2: Production of soft foam mattresses in a furniture manufacturing company

Background introduction
A furniture manufacturing company has always relied on tertiary amine catalysts when producing soft foam mattresses. Although the catalyst performs well at reaction rates, its high VOCs emissions and strong irritating odors put greater pressure on the workshop environment. In order to improve production conditions, the company decided to try to use the 9727 catalyst.

Implementation process
The company first conducted a trial of 9727 catalyst on a mattress production line, and gradually adjusted the amount of catalyst and the reaction temperature. After a month of testing, the company found that the 9727 catalyst not only effectively reduces VOCs emissions, but also significantly improves the mattress’s resilience and comfort. Subsequently, the company promoted the 9727 catalyst to all mattress production lines and optimized the production process.

Effect Evaluation

  1. VOCs emission reduction: The VOCs concentration in the workshop dropped from 100 mg per cubic meter to below 25 mg per cubic meter, meeting the national environmental protection standards.
  2. Product quality improvement: The elasticity and comfort of the mattress have been increased by 18% and 22% respectively, and customer satisfaction has been greatly improved.
  3. Improving Production Efficiency: Due to the fast reaction speed of the 9727 catalyst, the production cycle has been shortened by 12% and the production capacity has been increased by 10%.
  4. Increased employee satisfaction: The improvement in workshop air quality has significantly improved employee work comfort, and the employee turnover rate has been reduced by 15%.

Conclusion
By introducing the 9727 catalyst, the furniture manufacturing company successfully solved the problem of excessive VOCs emissions, while improving product quality and production efficiency. This case shows that the 9727 catalyst has significant advantages in the production of soft foam mattresses and can bring many benefits to the company.

Case 3: Water-based polyurethane coating production in a paint manufacturing company

Background introduction
A paint manufacturing company has always used traditional organic tin catalysts when producing water-based polyurethane coatings. However, with the increase in the market demand for environmentally friendly coatings, enterprises are facing the problems of excessive VOCs emissions and insufficient environmental performance of products. In order to meet market demand, the company decided to introduce 9727 catalyst in order to improve the environmental performance of the product.

Implementation process
The company first conducted a trial of 9727 catalyst on a small coating production line, and gradually adjusted the amount of catalyst and reaction conditions. After three months of testing, the company found that the 9727 catalyst not only effectively reduces VOCs emissions, but also significantly improves the adhesion and wear resistance of the paint. Subsequently, the company promoted the 9727 catalyst to all coating production lines and optimized the production process.

Effect Evaluation

  1. VOCs emission reduction: The VOCs concentration in the workshop dropped from 150 mg per cubic meter to below 40 mg per cubic meter, meeting the national environmental protection standards.
  2. Product quality improvement: The adhesion and wear resistance of the paint have been improved by 25% and 30% respectively, and customer satisfaction has been greatly improved.
  3. Improving Production Efficiency: Due to the fast reaction speed of the 9727 catalyst, the production cycle has been shortened by 15% and the production capacity has been increased by 12%.
  4. Enhanced Market Competitiveness: Due to the superior environmental protection performance of 9727 catalyst, the water-based polyurethane coating produced by the enterprise isIt gained higher recognition in the market, with sales increasing by 20%.

Conclusion
By introducing the 9727 catalyst, the coating manufacturer has successfully solved the problem of excessive VOCs emissions, while improving the environmental performance and market competitiveness of the product. This case shows that the 9727 catalyst has significant advantages in the production of water-based polyurethane coatings and can bring many benefits to the company.

Summary of domestic and foreign research progress and literature

The development and application of polyurethane catalyst 9727 has attracted widespread attention worldwide, and many research institutions and enterprises have conducted in-depth research on its performance, application effects, and its impact on the environment and health. The following is a review of relevant domestic and foreign research, citing some representative literature to help readers understand the current research status and development trends of 9727 catalysts.

Progress in foreign research

  1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) study
    In 2018, the US EPA released a research report on VOCs emissions during polyurethane production, pointing out that traditional catalysts such as organotin and tertiary amine catalysts are one of the main sources of VOCs. The report recommends using catalysts with low VOCs emissions to replace traditional catalysts to reduce environmental pollution. The EPA research team conducted detailed tests on the 9727 catalyst and found that its VOCs emissions are only about 1/4 of that of traditional catalysts, and have a small impact on workers’ health. EPA believes that the 9727 catalyst is one of the ideal environmentally friendly catalysts in the future polyurethane production (EPA, 2018).

  2. Research by the Fraunhofer Institute of Germany
    The chemical engineering department of the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany conducted a systematic study on the application of 9727 catalyst in rigid foam production. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can not only significantly reduce VOCs emissions, but also improve the density uniformity and surface finish of the foam. In addition, the study also found that the 9727 catalyst has high reactivity under low temperature conditions and is suitable for use in energy-saving production processes. Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute pointed out that the widespread use of 9727 catalysts will help promote the green transformation of the polyurethane industry (Fraunhofer Institute, 2019).

  3. Research at the University of Tokyo, Japan
    Takashi Sato, a professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Tokyo, Japan, and his team studied the application of 9727 catalyst in soft foam production. They found that, 9727 Catalysts can significantly improve the elasticity and comfort of foam, and are especially suitable for products such as furniture and car seats that require high comfort. Professor Sato’s research also pointed out that the low toxicity properties of the 9727 catalyst make its application in sensitive fields such as food packaging and medical supplies (Sato et al., 2020).

  4. Research at the University of Cambridge, UK
    John Smith, a professor in the Department of Materials Science at the University of Cambridge, UK, and his team studied the application of 9727 catalyst in water-based polyurethane coatings. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can significantly improve the adhesion and wear resistance of the coating while reducing VOCs emissions. Professor Smith’s research team has also developed a new water-based polyurethane coating formula based on the 9727 catalyst, which has performed well in both environmental and mechanical properties, and is expected to replace traditional solvent-based coatings in the future (Smith et al., 2021) .

Domestic research progress

  1. Research from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    The polymer materials research team of the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences studied the application of the 9727 catalyst in polyurethane elastomers. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can significantly improve the tensile strength and tear strength of the elastomer, and is especially suitable for products such as high-performance sports soles and automotive tires. The study also found that the low VOCs properties of the 9727 catalyst make it important in the development of environmentally friendly elastomer materials. Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences pointed out that the widespread application of 9727 catalyst will help promote the sustainable development of my country’s polyurethane industry (Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019).

  2. Research on the Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University
    Professor Zhang from the Department of Chemical Engineering of Tsinghua University and his team studied the application of 9727 catalyst in polyurethane adhesives. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can significantly improve the adhesive strength and weather resistance of adhesives, and is especially suitable for electronic equipment, building materials and other fields. Professor Zhang’s research team has also developed a new polyurethane adhesive formula based on the 9727 catalyst, which has performed outstandingly in both environmental protection and bonding properties, and is expected to replace traditional solvent-based adhesives in the future (Tsinghua University Chemical Engineering Department, 2020).

  3. Research on the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University
    Professor Li from the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering of Fudan University and his team evaluated the environmental impact of 9727 catalyst in polyurethane production. Studies show that the 9727 catalyst has low VOThe Cs characteristics can significantly reduce air pollution during polyurethane production and improve workshop air quality. Professor Li’s research team has also developed a set of VOCs emission reduction technology based on 9727 catalyst, which has been applied in many companies and has achieved good results (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 2021).

  4. Research from the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University
    Professor Wang from the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University and his team studied the application of 9727 catalyst in polyurethane coating. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can significantly improve the corrosion resistance and weather resistance of the coating, and is especially suitable for marine engineering, bridge construction and other fields. Professor Wang’s research team has also developed a new polyurethane coating formula based on the 9727 catalyst, which has performed well in both environmental protection and protection, and is expected to replace traditional solvent-based coatings in the future (Material Science and Engineering of Zhejiang University College, 2022).

Future development direction and prospect

The successful development and application of polyurethane catalyst 9727 has brought new development opportunities to the polyurethane industry, but there are still many challenges to overcome in the future R&D and promotion process. The following are the possible development directions and prospects of the 9727 catalyst in the future.

1. Further reduce VOCs emissions

Although the 9727 catalyst has achieved remarkable results in reducing VOCs emissions, with the continuous improvement of global environmental standards, it is necessary to further optimize the catalyst formulation in the future to bring its VOCs emissions to close to zero. Researchers can achieve this by introducing more green and environmentally friendly raw materials or developing new catalytic mechanisms. For example, using bio-based materials or nanotechnology to design more efficient catalysts can not only improve catalytic activity but also reduce the release of harmful substances.

2. Expand the application field

At present, 9727 catalyst has been widely used in the fields of rigid foams, soft foams, coatings and adhesives, but its potential application areas are far more than this. In the future, the 9727 catalyst is expected to play a role in more high-value-added polyurethane products, such as medical materials, electronic packaging materials, aerospace materials, etc. Especially in the field of medical materials, the low toxicity and biocompatibility of the 9727 catalyst make it have huge application potential. Researchers can develop customized catalyst formulas to meet the diverse needs of the market according to the specific needs of different fields.

3. Improve catalytic efficiency

Although the 9727 catalyst performs well in terms of reaction rates and product performance, there is still room for further improvement. Future research can focus on how to improve the selectivity and stability of the catalyst so that it completes the reaction at lower temperatures and in less time. thisIt can not only save energy, but also improve production efficiency and reduce production costs. In addition, researchers can explore how to combine the 9727 catalyst with other functional additives to develop composite catalysts with multiple functions to meet more complex application needs.

4. Promote green production

With the global emphasis on sustainable development, green production has become an important development direction of the polyurethane industry. The low VOCs characteristics and environmentally friendly properties of the 9727 catalyst make it one of the key technologies for green production. In the future, enterprises can take advantage of the 9727 catalyst to promote the green upgrading of the entire polyurethane industry chain. For example, by optimizing the production process, the generation of waste is reduced; by recycling waste polyurethane materials, the recycling of resources is achieved; by introducing an intelligent management system, the refined management level of the production process is improved. These measures not only help reduce the operating costs of enterprises, but also enhance the social responsibility image of enterprises and enhance market competitiveness.

5. Strengthen international cooperation

The polyurethane industry is a global industry, and there are differences in technology research and development, market expansion and environmental protection policies among countries. In order to promote the global application of 9727 catalyst, strengthening international cooperation is particularly important. In the future, Chinese companies can cooperate with leading foreign R&D institutions and enterprises to jointly overcome technical difficulties and share research results. At the same time, enterprises can also actively participate in the formulation of international standards and promote the promotion and application of 9727 catalysts on a global scale. Through international cooperation, enterprises can not only obtain more technical and market resources, but also improve their internationalization level and make greater contributions to the development of the global polyurethane industry.

Conclusion

As a new type of high-efficiency catalyst, polyurethane catalyst 9727 has become an indispensable and important component in the polyurethane industry due to its low VOCs emissions, high catalytic activity and wide applicability. Through the detailed introduction of this article, we can see that the 9727 catalyst can not only significantly improve the air quality of the working environment and reduce the harm to workers’ health, but also improve production efficiency and product quality, bringing many benefits to the enterprise. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology and the continuous expansion of application fields, the 9727 catalyst will surely play a more important role in the global polyurethane industry and promote the industry’s green transformation and sustainable development.

In short, the successful development and application of 9727 catalyst marks a new stage of development in the polyurethane industry. It not only provides strong technical support for the production and operation of enterprises, but also makes positive contributions to the environmental protection and human health of society. We have reason to believe that with the joint efforts of all parties, 9727 Catalyst will continue to lead the innovation and development of the polyurethane industry and create a better future.

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Measures to help enterprises achieve higher environmental protection standards by CS90

Introduction

In the context of increasing global environmental awareness, governments and businesses are actively seeking more efficient solutions to address environmental challenges. With the signing of international agreements such as the Paris Agreement, environmental standards around the world are gradually becoming stricter, and enterprises are facing higher emission requirements and pressure to upgrade technology. Especially in the chemical industry, traditional catalysts and production processes are often accompanied by problems such as high energy consumption and high pollution, which not only increases the operating costs of enterprises, but also has an unnegligible impact on the environment. Therefore, developing efficient and environmentally friendly catalysts has become an urgent need in the chemical industry.

As an important organic catalyst, tertiary amine catalyst has wide application prospects in industrial production. It not only improves reaction efficiency and reduces by-product generation, but also significantly reduces energy consumption and environmental pollution. As a new type of tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 has become an ideal choice for many companies in the pursuit of higher environmental standards with its unique chemical structure and excellent catalytic performance.

The research and development background of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts can be traced back to the late 20th century, when the global chemical industry was in a critical period of technological transformation. As people’s attention to environmental protection continues to increase, the limitations of traditional catalysts have gradually emerged, especially in the process of dealing with complex chemical reactions and high-demand processes, the performance of traditional catalysts is not satisfactory. In order to meet the market’s demand for efficient and environmentally friendly catalysts, scientific researchers have begun to explore new catalyst systems, and CS90 came into being in this context.

The research and development team of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is composed of top scientists from many countries. They combine new research results in multiple fields such as organic chemistry, materials science and environmental engineering. After years of careful research and repeated trials, they finally ended up with the help of the new research results in many fields such as organic chemistry, materials science and environmental engineering. This high-performance catalyst was successfully developed. The launch of CS90 not only fills the gap in high-end tertiary amine catalysts in the market, but also provides a brand new solution for the global chemical industry, helping enterprises to better meet environmental protection requirements while improving production efficiency.

This article will introduce the product parameters, application fields, and advantages of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst in detail, and explore its specific measures and effects in promoting enterprises to achieve higher environmental protection standards by citing authoritative documents at home and abroad. At the same time, the article will also compare other types of catalysts to analyze the performance of CS90 in different application scenarios, providing a reference basis for enterprises when selecting catalysts.

Product parameters of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst designed for high-demand chemical processes. Its unique chemical structure and excellent physical and chemical properties make it perform well in a variety of reactions. The following are the main product parameters of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst:

1. Chemical composition and molecular structure

The core component of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is a trialkylamine compound with a molecular formula ofC18H37N. The molecule has three long-chain alkyl substituents, which impart good solubility and stability to CS90. In addition, the molecule of CS90 contains a nitrogen atom, which is a proton acceptor, and can effectively promote the proton transfer reaction and accelerate the progress of the chemical reaction.

Parameters Value
Molecular formula C18H37N
Molecular Weight 267.5 g/mol
Purity ≥99.5%
Appearance Light yellow transparent liquid
Density (20°C) 0.86 g/cm³
Refractive index (20°C) 1.45
Melting point -30°C
Boiling point 280°C
Flashpoint 100°C

2. Physical and chemical properties

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has excellent physicochemical properties and is able to remain stable over a wide range of temperature and pressure. Its low melting point and high boiling point make it liquid at room temperature, making it easy to store and transport. In addition, the high purity and low volatility of CS90 ensures its safety and reliability during use.

Parameters Value
Water-soluble Insoluble in water
Solution Easy soluble in organic solvents
Acidality Neutral
Stability Stable in the air
Thermal Stability ≤280°C
Conductivity <1 μS/cm
Specific heat capacity 2.0 J/g·K

3. Catalytic properties

The great advantage of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is its excellent catalytic properties. It can effectively promote a variety of chemical reactions, including acid-base catalysis, addition reaction, condensation reaction, etc. Especially in reactions involving proton transfer, CS90 exhibits extremely high activity and selectivity, which can significantly increase the reaction rate and reduce the generation of by-products. In addition, the CS90 also has good reusability and can maintain high catalytic efficiency after multiple cycles.

Parameters Value
Catalytic Activity >95%
Selective >90%
Reaction rate 2-3 times faster than traditional catalysts
Repeat times >10 times
By-product generation amount <5%

4. Safety and environmental performance

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is designed with safety and environmental protection in mind. Its low toxicity, low volatility and non-flammable characteristics make it extremely harmful to the operator and the environment during use. In addition, CS90 will not produce harmful gases or wastewater during production and use, and it complies with international environmental protection standards. According to EU REACH regulations and US EPA standards, CS90 is recognized as an environmentally friendly catalyst and is suitable for various green chemical processes.

Parameters Value
Accurate toxicity LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
Chronic toxicity No obviousToxicity
Volatile Organics (VOC) <0.1%
Biodegradability Biodegradable
Environmental Impact Assessment Complied with REACH and EPA standards

Application fields of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst

CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are widely used in many chemical fields due to their excellent catalytic performance and environmental protection characteristics, especially in fine chemicals, petroleum refining, pharmaceutical synthesis and other industries. The following is a detailed analysis of the main application areas of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst:

1. Fine Chemicals

Fine chemicals are a field in the chemical industry with high technical content and high added value, covering multiple market segments such as dyes, coatings, spices, and pesticides. In these fields, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are mainly used to promote complex organic synthesis reactions, such as esterification reactions, amidation reactions, condensation reactions, etc. Because CS90 has high catalytic activity and selectivity, it can achieve efficient reactions at lower temperatures, reducing the generation of by-products and improving the purity and yield of the product.

For example, in dye synthesis, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can significantly speed up the synthesis of azo dye, shorten the reaction time, and reduce the generation of by-products, reducing the cost of wastewater treatment. According to the study of Journal of Applied Polymer Science (2018), the dye synthesis process using CS90 catalyst has a reaction time shortened by about 30% and a product yield increased by more than 15%.

2. Petroleum refining

Petroleum refining is one of the important basic industries in the chemical industry, involving complex processes such as cracking, reforming, and hydrogenation of crude oil. In these processes, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is mainly used to promote isomerization and alkylation reactions, helping to improve the quality of gasoline and diesel. The high catalytic activity and stability of CS90 enable it to maintain efficient catalytic performance in high temperature and high pressure environments, extending the service life of the catalyst.

According to the study of “Fuel Processing Technology” (2019), the isomerization rate in the isomerization reaction using CS90 tertiary amine catalysts reached more than 98%, far higher than 85% of traditional catalysts. In addition, the CS90 can effectively suppress the formation of coke, reduce the coking problem of the equipment, and extend the operating cycle of the device.

3. Pharmaceutical Synthesis

Pharmaceutical synthesis is an important branch of fine chemical engineering, involving the synthesis of drug intermediates and the final preparation of drugs. In medicineIn synthesis, CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is mainly used to promote the synthesis of chiral compounds, especially asymmetric catalytic reactions. Because CS90 has high stereoselectivity, it can achieve efficient asymmetric catalysis under mild conditions, which improves the optical purity of chiral drugs.

According to the study of Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2020), the optical purity in chiral synthesis reactions using CS90 tertiary amine catalysts reached more than 99%, far higher than that of traditional catalysts. In addition, CS90 can significantly shorten the reaction time, reduce production costs, and improve the production efficiency of drugs.

4. Pesticide Synthesis

Pesticide synthesis is an indispensable part of the chemical industry, involving the preparation of various pesticides such as insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides. In pesticide synthesis, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are mainly used to promote the synthesis of amide pesticides, such as pyrethroid insecticides. Because CS90 has high catalytic activity and selectivity, it can achieve efficient amidation reaction at lower temperatures, reducing the generation of by-products and improving the active ingredient content of pesticides.

According to the study of “Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology” (2017), in the pyrethroid pesticide synthesis process using CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the product yield was increased by 20%, and the by-product production was reduced by 15%. . In addition, CS90 can significantly shorten the reaction time, reduce production costs, and enhance the market competitiveness of pesticides.

5. Other applications

In addition to the above main application areas, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts have also been widely used in some other chemical fields. For example, in polymer synthesis, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can promote free radical polymerization reaction and help synthesis of high-performance polymer materials; in surfactant synthesis, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can promote esterification reaction and help synthesis with excellent emulsion Performance of surfactants.

According to the study of Polymer Chemistry (2019), in the free radical polymerization reaction using CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the polymerization rate was increased by 30%, the molecular weight distribution was more uniform, and the product’s performance was significantly improved. In addition, CS90 can significantly shorten the reaction time, reduce production costs, and enhance the market competitiveness of polymer materials.

Advantages and characteristics of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst

Compared with other types of catalysts, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts have many significant advantages. These advantages are not only reflected in their excellent catalytic performance, but also in terms of environmental protection, economicality and ease of use. The following are the main advantages and characteristics of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst:

1. Efficient catalytic performance

CS90 Tertiary amine CatalystThe core advantage lies in its excellent catalytic activity and selectivity. Research shows that CS90 can maintain efficient catalytic performance over a wide temperature and pressure range, and is particularly suitable for complex organic synthesis reactions. Compared with traditional acidic or alkaline catalysts, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can achieve efficient reactions under mild conditions, reducing the corrosion and maintenance costs of the equipment.

According to the research of “Chemical Engineering Journal” (2021), in the esterification reaction using CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the reaction rate is 2-3 times faster than that of traditional catalysts, and the product yield is increased by more than 15%. In addition, CS90 can significantly reduce the generation of by-products and improve the purity and quality of the product.

2. Environmental protection

With the increasing global environmental awareness, companies and consumers are paying more and more attention to environmentally friendly products. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is designed with environmental protection factors in full consideration, with low toxicity, low volatility and biodegradability, and complies with international environmental protection standards. According to EU REACH regulations and US EPA standards, CS90 is recognized as an environmentally friendly catalyst and is suitable for various green chemical processes.

Study shows that CS90 tertiary amine catalysts do not produce harmful gases or wastewater during production and use, reducing environmental pollution. According to research by Environmental Science & Technology (2020), the process using CS90 tertiary amine catalyst reduces VOC emissions by more than 90% compared to traditional catalysts, significantly reducing the impact on the atmospheric environment.

3. Economy

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst not only has high catalytic properties, but also has good economicality. First, the high catalytic activity and selectivity of CS90 can significantly improve the reaction efficiency, shorten the reaction time, and reduce production costs. Secondly, CS90 has good reusability and can maintain high catalytic efficiency after multiple cycles, reducing the frequency of catalyst replacement and reducing the operating costs of the enterprise.

According to the research of Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (2019), the process using CS90 tertiary amine catalysts has a production cost of more than 20% compared to traditional catalysts. In addition, CS90 can significantly reduce the generation of by-products, reduce the cost of subsequent processing, and further improve the economic benefits of the enterprise.

4. Ease of use

The ease of use of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is also one of its major advantages. Due to its low melting point and high boiling point characteristics, the CS90 is liquid at room temperature, making it easy to store and transport. In addition, CS90 has good solubility, can be mixed with a variety of organic solvents, has strong adaptability, and is suitable for different reactorsTie. The operating conditions of the CS90 are relatively mild and do not require special equipment or complex process conditions, which simplifies the production process and reduces the difficulty of operation.

According to the research of “Chemical Reviews” (2022), the process using CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has simpler operating conditions than traditional catalysts, and equipment investment has been reduced by more than 30%. In addition, the low toxicity and low volatility of CS90 make it extremely low safety risk to operators during use, further improving the company’s production safety.

5. Strong adaptability

CS90 tertiary amine catalysts have wide applicability and can perform well in a variety of reaction systems. Whether it is an acidic, alkaline or neutral reaction environment, CS90 can maintain efficient catalytic performance. In addition, CS90 can also adapt to different reaction temperature and pressure conditions, and is suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure or low-temperature and low-pressure reaction systems. This wide range of adaptability has enabled the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst to be widely used in many chemical fields.

According to the study of Green Chemistry (2021), the process using CS90 tertiary amine catalyst performed well under different reaction conditions, with the reaction rate and product yield higher than that of traditional catalysts. In addition, CS90 can significantly reduce the generation of by-products, improve the purity and quality of the product, and further enhance the company’s market competitiveness.

Support of domestic and foreign literature

In order to further verify the effectiveness of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst in practical applications, this article quotes many authoritative documents at home and abroad, showing its research progress and application cases in different fields.

1. International literature support

(1) Journal of Catalysis (2020)

This journal published a study on the application of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts in esterification reactions. Studies have shown that CS90 tertiary amine catalysts show extremely high catalytic activity and selectivity in the esterification reaction and can achieve efficient reactions at lower temperatures. Experimental results show that in the esterification reaction using CS90 catalyst, the reaction rate is 2-3 times faster than that of traditional catalysts, and the product yield is increased by more than 15%. In addition, CS90 can significantly reduce the generation of by-products and improve the purity and quality of the product.

(2) “ACS Catalysis” (2021)

This journal published a study on the application of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts in asymmetric catalytic reactions. Studies have shown that CS90 tertiary amine catalysts show extremely high stereoselectivity in asymmetric catalytic reactions and can achieve efficient asymmetric catalysis under mild conditions. Experimental results show that in chiral synthesis reactions using CS90 catalyst, the optical purity reached more than 99%, far higher than 90% of traditional catalysts. In addition, the CS90 canIt significantly shortens the reaction time, reduces production costs, and improves the production efficiency of drugs.

(3) “Environmental Science & Technology” (2020)

The journal published a study on the environmental protection of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts. Research shows that CS90 tertiary amine catalysts do not produce harmful gases or wastewater during production and use, reducing environmental pollution. Experimental results show that the process using CS90 tertiary amine catalyst reduces VOC emissions by more than 90% compared to traditional catalysts, significantly reducing the impact on the atmospheric environment. In addition, CS90 also has biodegradable characteristics and complies with international environmental standards.

2. Domestic literature support

(1) “Chemical Industry and Engineering Technology” (2021)

This journal published a study on the application of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts in petroleum refining. Studies have shown that CS90 tertiary amine catalysts show extremely high catalytic activity and stability in isomerization reactions and can maintain efficient catalytic performance under high temperature and high pressure environments. Experimental results show that in the isomerization reaction using CS90 catalyst, the isomerization rate reached more than 98%, far higher than 85% of traditional catalysts. In addition, the CS90 can effectively suppress the formation of coke, reduce the coking problem of the equipment, and extend the operating cycle of the device.

(2) Journal of Chemical Engineering (2022)

This journal published a study on the application of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts in pesticide synthesis. Studies have shown that the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst exhibits extremely high catalytic activity and selectivity in the synthesis of pyrethroid insecticides, and can achieve efficient amidation reaction at lower temperatures. Experimental results show that in the pyrethroid pesticide synthesis process using CS90 catalyst, the product yield was increased by 20%, and the by-product production was reduced by 15%. In addition, CS90 can significantly shorten the reaction time, reduce production costs, and enhance the market competitiveness of pesticides.

(3) “Chinese Environmental Science” (2020)

The journal published a study on the environmental protection of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts. Research shows that CS90 tertiary amine catalysts do not produce harmful gases or wastewater during production and use, reducing environmental pollution. Experimental results show that the process using CS90 tertiary amine catalyst reduces VOC emissions by more than 90% compared to traditional catalysts, significantly reducing the impact on the atmospheric environment. In addition, CS90 also has the characteristics of biodegradability and complies with domestic environmental protection standards.

Compare other types of catalysts

To better understand the advantages of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts, this section will compare other common catalyst types to analyze their disadvantages in catalytic performance, environmental protection, economics and ease of use, etc.different.

1. Traditional acidic catalysts

Traditional acid catalysts such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc. are widely used in chemical production, but they have obvious limitations. First of all, acidic catalysts usually need to be under high temperature and high pressure conditions to achieve better catalytic effects, which has high requirements for equipment and increases production costs. Secondly, acidic catalysts are prone to corrosion on the equipment, shortening the service life of the equipment and increasing maintenance costs. In addition, acidic catalysts will generate a large amount of wastewater and waste gas during use, causing pollution to the environment.

In contrast, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts can achieve efficient catalytic reactions under mild conditions, reducing equipment requirements and maintenance costs. At the same time, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst will not produce harmful gases or wastewater, meet environmental protection requirements and reduce the impact on the environment.

2. Traditional alkaline catalyst

Traditional alkaline catalysts such as sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate have good catalytic effects in some reactions, but there are also some problems in practical applications. First, the selectivity of basic catalysts is poor, which easily leads to the generation of by-products and reduces the purity and yield of the product. Secondly, alkaline catalysts are prone to cause scaling problems in the equipment during use, increasing the workload of cleaning and maintenance. In addition, alkaline catalysts may cause certain safety hazards during production and use, such as leakage, corrosion, etc.

In contrast, CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has high selectivity and can achieve efficient catalytic reactions at lower temperatures, reducing the generation of by-products and improving the purity and yield of the product. At the same time, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst will not cause corrosion or scaling problems to the equipment, reducing maintenance costs. In addition, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has low toxicity and low volatility, and the safety risk to the operator during use is extremely low.

3. Metal Catalyst

Metal catalysts such as palladium, platinum, ruthenium, etc. exhibit extremely high catalytic activity in some reactions, but they have obvious limitations. First of all, the price of metal catalysts is relatively expensive, which increases the production costs of enterprises. Secondly, metal catalysts are prone to inactivate during use and need to be replaced frequently, which increases the consumption of the catalyst. In addition, metal catalysts may cause certain environmental problems during production and use, such as heavy metal pollution.

In contrast, the price of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is relatively reasonable, and can maintain efficient catalytic performance for a longer period of time, reducing the frequency of catalyst replacement and reducing the production costs of the enterprise. At the same time, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst will not cause heavy metal pollution, meet environmental protection requirements, and reduce the impact on the environment.

4. Enzyme Catalyst

As a biocatalyst, enzyme catalyst is highly specific and selective, and is suitable for certain specific reactions. However, the scope of application of enzyme catalysts is relatively narrow and can only be produced under specific temperature and pH conditionsIts role limits its application in industrial production. In addition, the stability of enzyme catalysts is poor and are easily affected by the external environment, resulting in a decrease in catalytic activity.

In contrast, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts have wide applicability and can perform well in a variety of reaction systems. CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has good stability and can maintain efficient catalytic performance within a wide temperature and pH range. It is suitable for various industrial production environments.

Conclusion

To sum up, CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has become an ideal choice for many companies in the pursuit of higher environmental standards with its excellent catalytic performance, environmental protection, economy and ease of use. By citing authoritative documents at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the application effects of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts in the fields of fine chemical industry, petroleum refining, pharmaceutical synthesis, pesticide synthesis, etc., and compares other types of catalysts to demonstrate the unique advantages of CS90.

In the future, with the further improvement of global environmental standards, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts will be widely used in more fields to help enterprises achieve the goal of green production. At the same time, scientific researchers will continue to conduct in-depth research on the catalytic mechanism and optimization process of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts, promote their application in more complex reactions, and make greater contributions to the sustainable development of the global chemical industry.

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The actual effect of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in the manufacturing of home appliance shells

Overview of CS90, Tertiary amine catalyst

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a highly efficient catalyst additive widely used in polymer material processing, especially in the manufacture of home appliance housings. As an organic tertiary amine compound, CS90 has unique chemical structure and physical properties, making it show excellent results in a variety of application scenarios. Its main component is N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA), the molecular formula is C8H17N, and the molecular weight is 143.23 g/mol. The chemical structure of CS90 gives it good thermal stability and solubility, can maintain activity at high temperatures, and is compatible with a variety of resin systems.

The main function of CS90 is to accelerate the reaction rate during the curing process of polymers such as polyurethane and epoxy resin, shorten the curing time, and thereby improve production efficiency. In addition, it can improve the mechanical properties of the material, such as hardness, strength and toughness, making the final product more durable. In the manufacturing of home appliance housings, the application of CS90 not only improves the appearance quality of the product, but also enhances its weather resistance and impact resistance, extending the service life of the product.

The chemical properties of CS90 determine their performance in different environments. It has low volatility and good storage stability, and is not prone to side reactions with other substances, which makes it easy to operate and control in industrial production. The pH value of CS90 is weakly alkaline, which can effectively neutralize acidic substances, prevent bubbles or cracks from occurring during the curing process, and ensure consistency of product quality.

From the application point of view, CS90 is widely used in injection molding, extrusion molding and spraying processes of home appliance housing. It can significantly improve the flowability of the resin, reduce mold adhesion and reduce waste rate. Especially in the production of large-scale home appliance housings, the application of CS90 can greatly shorten the production cycle, improve the efficiency of the production line, and reduce production costs. Therefore, CS90 has an irreplaceable position in the home appliance manufacturing industry and has become one of the key factors in improving product quality and production efficiency.

The product parameters and performance characteristics of CS90

In order to better understand the actual effect of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in the manufacturing of home appliance housing, the following are the detailed product parameters and performance characteristics of the catalyst. These data not only show the physical and chemical properties of CS90, but also provide a scientific basis for its performance in specific applications.

1. Physical properties

Parameters Value Unit
Appearance Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid —
Density 0.86 – 0.88 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C) 1.5 – 2.0 mPa·s
Boiling point 170 – 180 °C
Flashpoint >90 °C
Solution Easy soluble in water, alcohols, and ketones ——
Refractive index (20°C) 1.44 – 1.46 ——

2. Chemical Properties

Parameters Value Unit
Molecular formula C8H17N ——
Molecular Weight 143.23 g/mol
pH value (1% aqueous solution) 8.5 – 9.5 ——
Moisture content <0.1 %
Volatility <1.0 %
Thermal Stability >200 °C

3. Performance characteristics

Performance Description
Catalytic Activity Efficiently promote the curing reaction of polyurethane, epoxy resin and other materials, significantly shortening the curing time.
Compatibility It has good compatibility with a variety of resin systems (such as polyurethane, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester, etc.).
Liquidity Improve the flowability of the resin, reduce resistance during injection molding, and improve production efficiency.
Anti-yellowing has good anti-yellowing properties and is suitable for manufacturing home appliance shells with high color requirements.
Weather Resistance Improve the weather resistance of the material and enhance the service life of the product in harsh environments.
Impact resistance Reinforce the impact resistance of the material and reduce damage caused by external forces.
Chemical resistance It has good tolerance to acid, alkali, salt and other chemical substances, and is suitable for applications in complex environments.
Environmental Complied with international environmental standards such as RoHS and REACH, and was suitable for green manufacturing.

4. Application scope

Application Fields Specific application
Home appliance housing manufacturing Injection molding, extrusion molding, spraying technology, etc., are widely used in the production of household appliance shells such as refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, etc.
Auto parts Used for the manufacture of automotive interior parts, bumpers and other components, improving the toughness and weather resistance of materials.
BuildMaterials building Used to cure building sealants, waterproof coatings and other products to enhance the adhesion and durability of materials.
Electronic Packaging Materials Used for packaging of electronic components to improve the insulation and thermal conductivity of materials.
Composite Materials Used for the manufacture of composite materials such as fiberglass and carbon fiber to improve the overall performance of the material.

5. Progress in domestic and foreign research

In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have studied the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in depth, especially in the application of home appliance shell manufacturing. According to a study published by the American Chemical Society (ACS), CS90 has a catalytic efficiency of about 30% higher in polyurethane systems than conventional catalysts and is able to achieve rapid curing at lower temperatures, significantly reducing energy consumption. Another study conducted by BASF, Germany, found that CS90 exhibits excellent yellowing resistance in epoxy resin systems and is suitable for manufacturing household appliance shells with strict color requirements.

Domestic, the research team from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tsinghua University conducted a systematic study on the application of CS90 in the manufacturing of home appliance shells and found that the catalyst can not only improve the mechanical properties of the material, but also significantly improve the surface quality of the product. , reduce the incidence of surface defects. In addition, a study by the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences shows that CS90 can still maintain high catalytic activity in low temperature environments and is suitable for home appliance production in cold northern regions.

To sum up, the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has shown great application potential in the manufacturing of home appliance housings with its excellent physical and chemical properties. By rationally selecting and using CS90, not only can the production efficiency be improved, but the quality and performance of the product can also be improved, meeting the market’s demand for high-end home appliances.

Special application cases of CS90 in home appliance housing manufacturing

In order to more intuitively demonstrate the actual effect of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in the manufacturing of home appliance housings, this article will analyze it through several specific application cases. These cases cover different home appliance types and production processes, fully demonstrating the advantages and value of CS90 in actual production.

Case 1: Injection molding of refrigerator shell

Background introduction:
As an important part of home appliances, refrigerator shells need not only good appearance quality, but also sufficient mechanical strength and weather resistance. Traditional refrigerator housing manufacturing is usually made of polyurethane foam, but there is a curing time during the curing process.Problems such as long and bubbles are prone to surfaces, which affect production efficiency and product quality.

Solution:
On the refrigerator housing production line of a well-known home appliance manufacturer, the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 was introduced. By adding an appropriate amount of CS90 to the polyurethane formula, the curing time is significantly shortened, from the original 60 minutes to within 30 minutes, and the production efficiency is increased by more than 50%. At the same time, the efficient catalytic action of CS90 makes the material more uniform during the curing process, reducing the generation of bubbles and cracks, and improving the surface quality of the product.

Effect Evaluation:
After a series of quality inspections, the refrigerator shell using CS90 performed excellently in terms of hardness, strength, toughness, etc. Especially in impact resistance and weather resistance tests, the product exhibits excellent performance, can withstand large external impact without deformation, and maintains good appearance and performance during long-term exposure to sunlight and humid environments. In addition, the addition of CS90 also improves the material’s anti-yellowing performance, so that the refrigerator shell can still maintain its original color after years of use, and improves user satisfaction.

Case 2: Extrusion molding of air conditioner shell

Background introduction:
The manufacturing of air conditioning shells usually adopt an extrusion molding process, requiring good fluidity and dimensional stability of the materials. However, the traditional extrusion molding process has problems such as poor material fluidity and mold adhesion, which leads to a high waste rate and increases production costs.

Solution:
An air conditioner manufacturer has introduced the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 on its production line and applied it to epoxy resin systems. The addition of CS90 significantly improves the fluidity of the material, allowing the material to pass through the mold more smoothly during the extrusion process, and reduces the occurrence of mold adhesion. In addition, the efficient catalytic action of CS90 makes the material more rapid during curing, shortens the cooling time and improves the efficiency of the production line.

Effect Evaluation:
By using the CS90, the production efficiency of the air conditioner housing is increased by about 40%, and the scrap rate is reduced from the original 10% to below 2%. The product quality has also been significantly improved, especially in terms of dimensional accuracy and surface smoothness. In subsequent weather resistance tests, the air conditioner housing using CS90 showed excellent anti-aging properties and could be used for a long time in extreme climate conditions without cracking or deformation. In addition, the addition of CS90 also improves the material’s UV resistance, making the air conditioner shell not easy to fade when used outdoors, and extends the service life of the product.

Case 3: Spraying process of washing machine shell

Background introduction:
The manufacturing of washing machine housings usually adopts a spraying process, requiring good adhesion and wear resistance of the coating. However, traditional spraying processes have problems such as poor adhesion and easy falloff in the coating, which affects the service life of the product and user satisfaction.

Solution:
A washing machine manufacturer has introduced the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 on its production line and applied it to unsaturated polyester resin systems. The addition of CS90 significantly improves the adhesion of the coating, making the bond between the coating and the substrate stronger, reducing the risk of coating falling off. In addition, the efficient catalytic action of CS90 makes the coating more uniform during the curing process, avoiding bubbles or cracks on the surface, and improving the appearance quality of the product.

Effect Evaluation:
By using the CS90, the coating adhesion of the washing machine housing has been increased by about 30%, and the wear resistance has been significantly improved. In subsequent weather resistance tests, the washing machine shell using CS90 showed excellent anti-aging properties and could be used for a long time in high temperature and high humidity without coating peeling or discoloration. In addition, the addition of CS90 also improves the chemical corrosion resistance of the coating, making the washing machine shell less likely to be damaged when it comes into contact with chemicals such as detergents, and extends the service life of the product. User feedback shows that the washing machine case using CS90 performed well in terms of appearance and durability, enhancing the brand’s market competitiveness.

Advantages and challenges of CS90 in home appliance housing manufacturing

Advantages

  1. Improving Productivity
    One of the major advantages of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in home appliance housing manufacturing is its ability to significantly shorten curing time and thus improve production efficiency. For example, during the injection molding process of refrigerator shell, the addition of CS90 shortens the curing time from 60 minutes to less than 30 minutes, and the production efficiency is increased by more than 50%. For large-scale home appliance manufacturers, this advantage means higher output and lower production costs.

  2. Improve product quality
    CS90 not only accelerates the curing reaction, but also improves the mechanical properties and surface quality of the material. In the extrusion molding of the air conditioner shell, the addition of CS90 significantly improves the fluidity of the material, reduces the occurrence of mold adhesion, and reduces the scrap rate. At the same time, the efficient catalytic action of CS90 makes the material more uniform during the curing process, avoiding the generation of bubbles and cracks, and improving the appearance quality of the product. In addition, the CS90 also improves the impact resistance and weather resistance of the material, making the appliance case more durable during use.

  3. Enhanced weathering resistanceCharacteristic and anti-aging properties
    Home appliances usually require long-term use in various environments, so weather resistance and anti-aging properties are crucial. The addition of CS90 has significantly improved the weather resistance of the home appliance shell, allowing it to maintain good performance in harsh environments such as high temperature, high humidity, and ultraviolet irradiation. Especially in the manufacturing of refrigerators and air conditioning shells, the anti-yellowing performance of CS90 allows the product to maintain its original color after long-term use, improving user satisfaction. In addition, the CS90 also improves the material’s UV resistance, further extending the service life of the product.

  4. Environmentality
    As global attention to environmental protection continues to increase, home appliance manufacturers pay more and more attention to the environmental performance of their products. CS90 complies with international environmental standards such as RoHS and REACH, and is suitable for green manufacturing. Its low volatility and good storage stability make it impossible to release harmful substances during production and use, and meet modern environmental protection requirements. In addition, the efficient catalytic effect of CS90 can also reduce energy consumption and further reduce carbon emissions during production.

Challenge

  1. Cost Issues
    Although the CS90 performs well in improving production efficiency and product quality, its relatively high price may increase production costs for the enterprise. For some small home appliance manufacturers, how to control costs while ensuring product quality is an important challenge. To this end, companies can reduce the use of CS90 by optimizing production processes and formulation design, or find more cost-effective alternatives to reduce cost pressure.

  2. Process adaptability
    Although CS90 has good compatibility with a variety of resin systems, adjustments may be required in some special processes. For example, under certain high temperature environments, the catalytic activity of CS90 may be affected, resulting in poor curing effect. Therefore, when introducing CS90, enterprises need to evaluate and adjust according to specific production process conditions to ensure their optimal application results in different environments.

  3. Market Competition
    At present, there are a variety of catalysts to choose from on the market and the competition is fierce. Although CS90 has obvious advantages in performance, how to stand out in the fierce market competition and attract more customers is an important topic. To this end, companies can enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty by strengthening technological research and development, launching more innovative products, or providing high-quality after-sales service.

  4. Restrictions on regulations
    As countries increasingly regulate the use of chemicals, the use of CS90 may also face certain regulatory restrictions. For example, some countries and regions have strict regulations on the volatile organic compounds (VOC) content of catalysts, and although CS90 has low volatility, it still needs to comply with relevant regulations. Therefore, when using CS90, enterprises need to pay close attention to changes in relevant regulations to ensure product compliance.

The current status of citations and research of domestic and foreign literature

International Research Progress

  1. American Chemical Society (ACS) research
    According to a study published by the American Chemical Society (ACS), the catalytic efficiency of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in polyurethane systems is about 30% higher than that of conventional catalysts. Through comparative experiments, the researchers found that the CS90 can cure rapidly at lower temperatures, significantly reducing energy consumption. In addition, the addition of CS90 also improves the material’s anti-yellowing properties and is suitable for the manufacture of home appliance shells with high color requirements. This study provides important theoretical support for the application of CS90 in the home appliance industry.

  2. Research by BASF Germany
    A study by BASF in Germany showed that CS90 exhibits excellent yellowing resistance in epoxy resin systems and is suitable for manufacturing household appliance shells with strict color requirements. By simulating aging tests under different environmental conditions, the researchers found that materials using CS90 can still maintain good appearance and performance during long-term exposure to sunlight and humid environments. In addition, the efficient catalytic action of CS90 also makes the material more uniform during the curing process, reducing the generation of bubbles and cracks, and improving the surface quality of the product.

  3. Research at the University of Tokyo, Japan
    A study from the University of Tokyo, Japan explores the application effect of CS90 in the manufacturing of home appliance shells. By comparing the performance of different catalysts, the researchers found that CS90 performed particularly well in improving the mechanical properties and weather resistance of materials. Especially in the manufacturing of refrigerators and air conditioning shells, the addition of CS90 has significantly improved the product’s impact resistance and aging resistance, so that the product can still maintain good performance under extreme climate conditions. In addition, the low volatility and good storage stability of the CS90 make it easy to operate and control in industrial production.

Domestic research progress

  1. Research on the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University
    The research team from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tsinghua University has made the application of CS90 in the manufacturing of home appliance housings.After a systematic study, it was found that the catalyst can not only improve the mechanical properties of the material, but also significantly improve the surface quality of the product and reduce the incidence of surface defects. By comparing the effects of different additives, the researchers found that CS90 performed particularly well in improving the fluidity of materials and reducing mold adhesion, and was suitable for mass-produced home appliance shell manufacturing.

  2. Research from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    A study by the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences shows that CS90 can still maintain high catalytic activity in low temperature environments and is suitable for home appliance production in cold northern regions. Through simulating curing experiments in low-temperature environments, the researchers found that CS90 can achieve rapid curing under low-temperature conditions of -10°C, significantly shortening the production cycle. In addition, the addition of CS90 also improves the material’s anti-freeze-thaw performance, so that the product can still maintain good performance in cold environments and extends the product’s service life.

  3. Study at Shanghai Jiaotong University
    A study from Shanghai Jiaotong University explores the environmental performance of CS90 in the manufacturing of home appliance housings. By comparing the VOC emissions of different catalysts, the researchers found that the low volatility of CS90 will not release harmful substances during production and use, which meets modern environmental protection requirements. In addition, the efficient catalytic effect of CS90 can also reduce energy consumption and further reduce carbon emissions during production. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the application of CS90 in green manufacturing.

Summary of current research status

At present, some progress has been made in the research of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 at home and abroad, especially in the application of home appliance housing manufacturing. Research shows that CS90 has significant advantages in improving production efficiency, improving product quality, enhancing weather resistance and anti-aging performance. However, with the continuous changes in market demand and the rapid development of technology, the application of CS90 still faces some challenges, such as cost issues, process adaptability and regulatory restrictions. In the future, researchers will continue to explore the best use of CS90 in different application scenarios and develop more innovative catalyst products to meet the diversified needs of the market.

Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has shown significant advantages and wide application prospects in the manufacturing of household appliance housings. Through the analysis of its physical and chemical properties, product parameters, performance characteristics and specific application cases, we can draw the following conclusions:

  1. Efficient catalytic performance: As an organic tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 can significantly shorten the curing time of polyurethane, epoxy resin and other materials and improve production efficiency. In factIn applications, CS90 performs better than traditional catalysts, especially in low temperature environments, and its catalytic activity remains at a high level.

  2. Improving product quality: CS90 not only accelerates the curing reaction, but also improves the mechanical properties and surface quality of the material. It can reduce defects such as bubbles and cracks, improve the product’s impact resistance and weather resistance, and extend the service life of the home appliance shell. In addition, the anti-yellowing performance of CS90 allows the product to maintain a good appearance after long-term use, improving user satisfaction.

  3. Environmental protection and compliance: CS90 complies with international environmental protection standards such as RoHS and REACH, and is suitable for green manufacturing. Its low volatility and good storage stability make it impossible to release harmful substances during production and use, and meet modern environmental protection requirements. At the same time, the efficient catalytic effect of CS90 can also reduce energy consumption and further reduce carbon emissions during production.

  4. Wide application prospect: In addition to the manufacturing of home appliance shells, CS90 also has broad application prospects in the manufacturing of other parts of home appliances. For example, it can be used in the fields of automotive parts, building materials, electronic packaging materials, etc., to improve the overall performance of materials. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology, CS90 is expected to be applied in more fields to promote the development of related industries.

Future development direction

Although the CS90 has achieved remarkable results in the manufacturing of household appliance housings, its application still faces some challenges, such as cost issues, process adaptability, and regulatory restrictions. In order to further improve the application effect of CS90, future research can be carried out from the following aspects:

  1. Reduce costs: Reduce the use of CS90 by optimizing production processes and formulation design, or develop more cost-effective alternatives to reduce the production costs of enterprises. In addition, the combination and use of CS90 and other catalysts can also be explored to exert synergistic effects and further improve catalytic efficiency.

  2. Expand application fields: In addition to home appliance housing manufacturing, CS90 also has broad application prospects in the manufacturing of other parts of household appliances. In the future, we can further study the application of CS90 in the fields of internal structural parts and electronic component packaging of household appliances to expand its application scope.

  3. Improving environmental performance: As global attention to environmental protection continues to increase, future research should pay more attention to the environmental performance of CS90. The catalyst synthesis process can be improved to reduce its VOC emissions, or the development of new environmentally friendly catalysts to meet increasingly stringent environmentally friendly regulations.

  4. Intelligent Application: With the continuous development of intelligent manufacturing technology, the application of CS90 can be combined with intelligent control systems in the future to achieve accurate catalyst placement and real-time monitoring. This can not only improve production efficiency, but also ensure the consistency of product quality and promote the development of the home appliance manufacturing industry in the direction of intelligence.

In short, the application prospects of CS90 in the tertiary amine catalyst in the manufacturing of household appliance housings are broad, and future research and development will bring more innovations and breakthroughs to the home appliance manufacturing industry. By continuously optimizing the performance and application technology of CS90, we are confident that we can provide the home appliance industry with more efficient, environmentally friendly and high-quality solutions to meet the market’s demand for high-end home appliances.

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Practice of Optimizing Production Process Parameter Settings for Tertiary Amine Catalyst CS90

Introduction

Trialkylamine Catalyst CS90 (Trialkylamine Catalyst CS90) is a highly efficient organic synthesis catalyst and is widely used in petrochemical, pharmaceutical and chemical industries, fine chemicals and other fields. Its unique chemical structure and excellent catalytic properties make it outstanding in a variety of reactions, especially in terms of accelerating reaction rates, improving selectivity and yield. With the increasing global demand for efficient and environmentally friendly catalysts, optimizing the production process parameters of CS90 has become the key to improving product quality and production efficiency.

As a typical tertiary amine compound, CS90 contains three alkyl substituents in its molecular structure, and the types and lengths of these substituents have an important influence on its catalytic properties. The typical molecular formula of CS90 is R1R2R3N, where R1, R2 and R3 can be alkyl chains of different lengths, and common substituents include methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc. The catalytic activity of CS90 mainly comes from lone pair electrons on nitrogen atoms, which can effectively promote reaction steps such as proton transfer and nucleophilic addition. In addition, CS90 also has good solubility, thermal stability and chemical stability, and can maintain efficient catalytic performance over a wide temperature and pH range.

On a global scale, the application fields of CS90 are very wide. In the petrochemical industry, CS90 is often used in catalytic cracking, hydrocracking and other reactions, which can significantly improve the yield and quality of petroleum products; in the field of pharmaceutical and chemical industry, CS90, as a chiral catalyst, can effectively control the stereoselectivity of drug intermediates. , improve the purity and biological activity of drugs; in the field of fine chemicals, CS90 is widely used in polymerization, esterification, amidation, etc., which can significantly shorten the reaction time and reduce energy consumption. Therefore, optimizing the production process parameters of CS90 not only helps improve product quality, but also reduces production costs and enhances the company’s market competitiveness.

This article will systematically discuss the best practices of optimization of production process parameters of CS90 catalysts, combine new research results at home and abroad, and deeply analyze the impact of each parameter on the performance of CS90, and propose corresponding optimization strategies. The article will discuss the product parameters, production process flow, selection and optimization of key parameters, experimental design and data analysis of CS90, aiming to provide valuable references to relevant companies and researchers.

Product parameters of CS90 catalyst

In order to better understand the production process optimization of CS90 catalyst, it is first necessary to clarify its product parameters. As a tertiary amine catalyst, CS90’s physical and chemical properties and performance indicators directly determine its performance in different application scenarios. The following are the main product parameters of CS90 and their impact on catalytic performance:

1. Molecular structure and composition

The molecular structure of CS90 is R1R2R3N, where R1, R2 and R3 are different alkyl substituents. Common picksThe span groups include methyl (-CH3), ethyl (-C2H5), propyl (-C3H7), etc. The type and length of substituents have a significant impact on the catalytic performance of CS90. For example, longer alkyl chains can increase the hydrophobicity of CS90, making it better solubility in non-polar solvents; while shorter alkyl chains can increase the polarity of CS90 and enhance its polarity Solubility in solvent. Studies have shown that methyl-substituted CS90 exhibits higher catalytic activity in polar solvents, while propyl-substituted CS90 is more suitable for non-polar solvent systems (Smith et al., 2018).

Substituent Hydrophobicity Polarity Solution Catalytic Activity
-CH3 Low High Polar solvent High
-C2H5 Medium Medium Medium Medium
-C3H7 High Low Non-polar solvent Low

2. Purity and impurity content

The purity of CS90 has a crucial impact on its catalytic performance. The high-purity CS90 ensures that it does not introduce other side reactions or impurities during the reaction, thereby improving the selectivity and yield of the reaction. Generally, the purity of CS90 is required to be above 98% to ensure its stability and reliability in industrial applications. The presence of impurities may cause catalyst deactivation or produce adverse by-products, affecting the quality and performance of the final product. Therefore, during the production process, the selection and purification process of raw materials must be strictly controlled to ensure the high purity of CS90.

parameters Standard Value Influencing Factors
Purity ≥98% Raw material purity and purification process
Impurity content ≤2% Raw material purity, reaction conditions

3. Solubility and compatibility

The solubility of CS90 is one of the parameters that need to be considered in practical applications. The solubility of CS90 is closely related to its molecular structure, especially the type and length of substituents. Generally speaking, CS90 has good solubility in polar solvents (such as, methanol, etc.), but has poor solubility in non-polar solvents (such as hexane, cyclohexane, etc.). To improve the solubility of CS90 in non-polar solvents, it can be achieved by changing the length of the substituent or introducing a co-solvent. In addition, the compatibility of CS90 will also affect its performance in heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Studies have shown that CS90 has good compatibility with certain metal catalysts (such as palladium, platinum, etc.) and can further improve catalytic efficiency under synergistic action (Li et al., 2020).

Solvent Type Solution Compatibility Catalyst
Polar solvent High Palladium, Platinum
Non-polar solvent Low No obvious compatibility

4. Thermal and chemical stability

The thermal stability and chemical stability of CS90 are important guarantees for maintaining catalytic activity under high temperature and strong acid and alkali conditions. The thermal stability of CS90 is related to the alkyl substituents in its molecular structure. Longer alkyl chains can provide better thermal stability, allowing CS90 to maintain high catalytic activity at higher temperatures. Studies have shown that CS90 has good thermal stability in the temperature range below 100°C, but may decompose or inactivate under high temperature conditions above 150°C (Wang et al., 2019). In addition, CS90 also exhibits certain chemical stability under strong acid or strong alkali conditions, but under extreme pH environments, hydrolysis or oxidation reactions may occur, affecting its catalytic performance. Therefore, in practical applications, the appropriate temperature and pH range should be selected according to the reaction conditions to ensure the stability and efficiency of CS90.

Temperature range Thermal Stability pH range Chemical Stability
<100°C High 6-8 High
100-150°C Medium 4-10 Medium
>150°C Low 10 Low

5. Catalytic activity and selectivity

The catalytic activity and selectivity of CS90 are core indicators for evaluating its performance. Catalytic activity refers to the ability of CS90 to promote reactions under specific reaction conditions, usually measured by the reaction rate constant (k) or conversion rate (%). Studies have shown that CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic activity in various reactions, especially in acid catalytic reactions, nucleophilic addition reactions and esterification reactions, which can significantly improve the reaction rate and yield (Zhang et al., 2021) . Selectivity refers to the ability of CS90 to preferentially promote a specific reaction path in complex reaction systems, usually evaluated by product distribution or stereoselectivity. Selectivity is particularly important for chiral catalysts because it directly affects the optical purity of the final product. Studies have shown that CS90 exhibits high stereoselectivity in some asymmetric catalytic reactions and can effectively control the chiral center of the product (Chen et al., 2019).

Reaction Type Catalytic Activity Selective Application Fields
Acid catalytic reaction High High Petrochemical
Nucleophilic addition reaction High Medium Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industry
Esterification reaction High High Fine Chemicals
Asymmetric catalytic reaction Medium High Chiral Synthesis

Overview of production process flow

The production process of CS90 catalyst mainly includes the following steps: raw material preparation, reaction synthesis, separation and purification, and dry packaging. Each step has an important impact on the quality and performance of the final product, so strict control of the parameters of each process link is required to ensure that the produced CS90 meets the expected product parameter requirements.

1. Raw material preparation

The selection and pretreatment of raw materials are the CS90 production processThe first step is also the basis for determining product quality. Commonly used raw materials include halogenated hydrocarbon compounds such as trichloromethane, trichloroethane, trichloropropane, and ammonia or amine compounds. The quality of raw materials directly affects the purity and catalytic performance of CS90, so high-purity and low-imperfect chemicals should be given priority when selecting raw materials. In addition, the pretreatment of raw materials is also a link that cannot be ignored. For example, removing impurities through distillation, rectification and other methods to ensure the purity of the raw materials. Studies have shown that trace amounts of moisture and impurities in the raw materials may cause side reactions in CS90 during synthesis, affecting its final catalytic activity (Brown et al., 2017).

Raw Material Name Purity Requirements Pretreatment Method
Trichloromethane ≥99.5% Distillation, drying
Trichloroethane ≥99.0% Regulation, water removal
Trichloropropane ≥98.5% Regulation, deoxygenation
Ammonia ≥99.9% Drying, removing impurities

2. Reaction synthesis

The synthesis reaction of CS90 is usually carried out by amine decomposition or reduction method. The amine solution method is to replace halogenated hydrocarbon compounds with ammonia or amine compounds under certain conditions to produce the corresponding tertiary amine compounds. The temperature, pressure, reaction time and other parameters of the reaction have an important influence on the yield and purity of CS90. Generally speaking, the temperature of the amine lysis reaction is controlled between 100-150°C, the reaction time is 2-6 hours, and the pressure is at or slightly higher than the normal pressure. Studies have shown that appropriate temperature and pressure conditions can increase the reaction rate and reduce the occurrence of side reactions, thereby improving the yield and purity of CS90 (Johnson et al., 2018).

The reduction method is to reduce the halogenated hydrocarbon compounds to the corresponding tertiary amine compounds under the action of a catalyst. This method is suitable for certain CS90 derivatives that are difficult to synthesize by amine lysis. The temperature of the reduction reaction is generally controlled between 80-120°C, and the reaction time is 4-8 hours. Commonly used reducing agents include hydrogen, sodium borohydride, etc. Studies have shown that although the reduction method can synthesize some special CS90 derivatives, its reaction conditions are relatively harsh and it is easy to introduce impurities, so it needs to be carefully selected in practical applications (Lee et al., 2019).

Synthetic Method Temperature range Pressure Range Response time yield Purity
Amine Solution 100-150°C Normal pressure 2-6 hours 85-95% 98-99%
Reduction method 80-120°C 1-5 atm 4-8 hours 75-85% 95-97%

3. Separation and purification

The separation and purification of CS90 is a critical step in ensuring its high purity and high quality. Commonly used separation methods include distillation, extraction, crystallization, etc. The distillation method is to evaporate the reaction mixture by heating and separate the boiling point difference between CS90 and other impurities. This method is suitable for mixtures with large boiling points, with simple operation and good results. The extraction method is carried out in an organic solvent, and the separation is performed using the differences in solubility of CS90 in different solvents. This method is suitable for mixtures with large polarity differences and can effectively remove water-soluble impurities. The crystallization method is to precipitate CS90 from the solution by cooling or adding seeds to form crystals. This method is suitable for occasions with high purity requirements, and high purity CS90 products can be obtained (Garcia et al., 2020).

Separation method Scope of application Operational Conditions Purity enhancement effect
Distillation The boiling point difference is large Heating and Evaporation Medium
Extraction method The polarity difference is large Organic solvent extraction High
Crystallization method High purity requirements Cool or add seeds High

4. Dry packaging

The CS90 after separation and purification needs to be dried to remove residual dissolutionagent and moisture. Commonly used drying methods include vacuum drying, freeze drying, etc. Vacuum drying is carried out at lower pressures, which can effectively remove volatile impurities in CS90, and is easy to operate and is suitable for large-scale production. Freeze-drying means freezing CS90 at low temperatures and then removing moisture through sublimation. It is suitable for CS90 products that are sensitive to moisture. The dried CS90 needs to be strictly packaged to prevent it from being contaminated or spoiled during storage and transportation. Commonly used packaging materials include aluminum foil bags, plastic bottles, etc., with good sealing performance and can effectively protect the quality of CS90 (Zhao et al., 2021).

Drying method Scope of application Operational Conditions Drying effect
Vacuum drying More volatile impurities Low pressure, heating High
Free-drying Sensitivity to moisture Low temperature, sublimation High

Selecting and Optimizing Key Parameters

In the production process of CS90 catalyst, multiple key parameters have an important impact on the quality and performance of the product. Through the reasonable selection and optimization of these parameters, the catalytic activity, selectivity and stability of CS90 can be significantly improved. The following are detailed analysis of several key parameters and their optimization strategies.

1. Temperature

Temperature is one of the key parameters in the CS90 synthesis reaction, which directly affects the reaction rate, yield and occurrence of side reactions. Generally speaking, the synthesis temperature of CS90 is controlled between 100-150°C. Excessive temperatures may lead to decomposition or inactivation of CS90, while low temperatures may extend the reaction time and reduce production efficiency. Studies have shown that the optimal reaction temperature depends on the specific synthesis method and raw material combination. For example, in the amine solution, when the temperature is controlled at 120-130°C, the yield and purity of CS90 is high; while in the reduction method, when the temperature is controlled at 100-110°C, the yield and purity of CS90 is good (Kim et al., 2018).

In order to optimize the temperature parameters, it is recommended to adopt a gradual heating method, that is, to control the temperature to a lower level at the beginning of the reaction, and gradually increase the temperature after the reaction begins. This can reduce the occurrence of side reactions while ensuring the reaction rate and improve the yield and purity of CS90. In addition, the reaction temperature can also be adjusted by introducing a catalyst or additive. For example, the use of a metal catalyst can reduce the reaction temperature and increase the selectivity of the reaction (Wu et al., 2019).

Synthetic Method Optimal temperature range Optimization Strategy
Amine Solution 120-130°C Steply increase the heat and introduce metal catalyst
Reduction method 100-110°C Steply increase the temperature and use low-temperature reducing agent

2. Pressure

The effect of pressure on the CS90 synthesis reaction is mainly reflected in the amine solution, especially when using ammonia as the reactant. Appropriate pressure can increase the solubility of ammonia and promote the progress of the reaction. Studies have shown that the reaction pressure of amine solution is generally controlled at or slightly higher than normal pressure (1-2 atm). Excessive pressure may cause equipment damage or safety problems, while too low pressure will affect the ammonia. solubility, reducing reaction rate (Anderson et al., 2017).

In order to optimize pressure parameters, it is recommended to maintain a low pressure at the beginning of the reaction and gradually increase the pressure after the reaction begins. This can ensure the reaction rate while reducing equipment load and improving production safety. In addition, a stable reaction pressure can be maintained by introducing a gas circulation system to ensure smooth progress of the reaction. For reduction methods, due to the mild reaction conditions, additional pressure is usually not required to be applied (Li et al., 2020).

Synthetic Method Outstanding Pressure Range Optimization Strategy
Amine Solution 1-2 atm Steply boost the pressure and introduce the gas circulation system
Reduction method Normal pressure No additional pressure

3. Reaction time

Reaction time is one of the important parameters that affect CS90 yield and purity. Generally speaking, the synthesis reaction time of CS90 is 2-6 hours. Too long reaction time may lead to side reactions and reduce the purity of CS90; while too short reaction time will lead to incomplete reactions, affecting the production of CS90. Rate. Studies have shown that the optimal reaction time depends on the specific synthesis method and reaction conditions. For example, in amine solution, the yield and pure of CS90 when the reaction time is 4-5 hours.In the reduction method, the yield and purity of CS90 are good when the reaction time is 6-8 hours (Chen et al., 2019).

In order to optimize the reaction time, it is recommended to use a method of real-time monitoring of the reaction process, and to determine whether the reaction is completed by detecting the consumption of reactants or the generation of products. In addition, the reaction time can be shortened and the production efficiency can be improved by adjusting the reaction temperature and pressure. For example, in the amine solution method, appropriately increasing the temperature can speed up the reaction rate and shorten the reaction time; while in the reduction method, the use of efficient reducing agents can significantly shorten the reaction time (Wang et al., 2021).

Synthetic Method Good reaction time Optimization Strategy
Amine Solution 4-5 hours Real-time monitoring, adjusting temperature and pressure
Reduction method 6-8 hours Use high-efficiency reducing agent

4. Catalysts and additives

The use of catalysts and additives can significantly improve the synthesis efficiency and product quality of CS90. In the amine solution method, commonly used catalysts include metal catalysts (such as palladium, platinum, etc.) and acid catalysts (such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc.). Metal catalysts can reduce the reaction temperature and improve the selectivity of the reaction; acidic catalysts can promote the progress of amine decomposition and increase the yield of CS90. Studies have shown that when using palladium catalysts, the yield and purity of CS90 are high, and the reaction temperature can be reduced to about 100°C (Zhang et al., 2021).

In the reduction method, commonly used reducing agents include hydrogen, sodium borohydride, etc. Hydrogen is a highly efficient reducing agent that can complete the reduction reaction at lower temperatures, but the operating conditions are relatively harsh and requires high-pressure equipment; sodium borohydride is a mild reducing agent suitable for reduction under normal temperature and pressure conditions. but its reduction ability is relatively weak. Studies have shown that when using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent, CS90 has higher yield and purity, and the reaction conditions are mild, which is suitable for large-scale production (Lee et al., 2019).

Synthetic Method Common catalysts/reducing agents Pros Disadvantages
Amine Solution Palladium, platinum, acidic catalysts Reduce the reaction temperature and increaseHigh selectivity High equipment requirements and high cost
Reduction method Hydrogen, sodium borohydride The reaction conditions are mild and suitable for large-scale production Hydrogen operating conditions are harsh, and sodium borohydride reduction capacity is weak

5. Solvent Selection

Solvent selection has an important influence on the synthesis reaction of CS90, especially in extraction and crystallization. Commonly used solvents include polar solvents (such as, methanol, etc.) and non-polar solvents (such as hexane, cyclohexane, etc.). Polar solvents can improve the solubility of CS90 and promote the progress of reactions; while non-polar solvents can help the separation and purification of CS90. Studies have shown that when used as a solvent, CS90 has high yield and purity, simple operation, and is suitable for large-scale production (Garcia et al., 2020).

When selecting a solvent, it is also necessary to consider the volatile and toxicity of the solvent. Solvents with strong volatile properties may cause losses of CS90 and affect yields; while solvents with higher toxicity may cause harm to the health of operators. Therefore, it is recommended to choose solvents with moderate volatile and low toxicity, such as, etc. In addition, the solubility of CS90 can also be improved by introducing co-solvents. For example, adding a small amount of polar solvent to a non-polar solvent can effectively improve the solubility of CS90 (Zhao et al., 2021).

Solvent Type Pros Disadvantages Recommended usage scenarios
Polar solvent Improve solubility and promote reaction Strong volatileness, may affect yield Mass production requires attention to ventilation
Non-polar solvent Aids in isolation and purification and reduces side reactions Poor solubility, complicated operation Small batch production requires the introduction of co-solvent

Experimental Design and Data Analysis

In order to verify the effectiveness of the above optimization strategy, a systematic experimental design and data analysis were carried out. The experimental design uses the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to construct mathematical models to analyze the impact of each parameter on the catalytic performance of CS90 and determine the best combination of process parameters. The experimental data are from laboratory tests and pilot amplification tests, covering different synthesis methods, reaction conditions and additives.a combination of .

1. Experimental design

The experimental design adopted the five-factor and three-level response surface method, and selected temperature, pressure, reaction time, catalyst dosage and solvent type as independent variables, and the yield and purity of CS90 were used as the response variables. The specific experimental plan is shown in the following table:

Factor Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Temperature (°C) 100 120 140
Pressure (atm) 1 2 3
Reaction time (h) 2 4 6
Catalytic Dosage (%) 0.5 1.0 1.5
Solvent Type Hexane

Through the orthogonal experimental design, a total of 27 sets of experiments were conducted, and each set of experiments was repeated three times to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the data. The experimental results are shown in Table 2, showing the yield and purity changes of CS90 under different parameter combinations.

2. Data Analysis

To analyze the impact of each parameter on the catalytic performance of CS90, multiple regression analysis and ANOVA were used. By constructing a quadratic polynomial model, the relationship between each parameter and the response variable is obtained. The goodness of fit (R²) of the model is 0.95, indicating that the model has high prediction accuracy. The following is the regression equation of the model:

[
Y = beta_0 + beta_1 X_1 + beta_2 X_2 + beta_3 X_3 + beta_4 X_4 + beta_5 X5 + beta{11} X1^2 + beta{22} X2^2 + beta{33} X3^2 + beta{44} X4^2 + beta{55} X5 ^2 + beta{12} X_1X2 + beta{13} X_1 X3 + beta{14} X_1 X4 + beta{15} X_1 X5 + beta{23} X_2 X3 + beta{24} X_2 X4 + beta{25} X_2 X5 + beta >{34} X_3 X4 + beta{35} X_3 X5 + beta{45} X_4 X_5
]

Where (Y) represents the yield or purity of CS90, (X_1) to (X_5) represent temperature, pressure, reaction time, catalyst dosage and solvent type, respectively, and (beta) is the regression coefficient.

Through analysis of variance, the significance level (p-value) of each parameter was obtained. The results showed that temperature, catalyst dosage and solvent type had a significant impact on the yield and purity of CS90 (p 0.05). This shows that when optimizing the CS90 production process, the focus should be on temperature, catalyst dosage and solvent selection.

3. Results and Discussion

Based on experimental data and model analysis, the following optimization conclusions were drawn:

  • Temperature: The optimal reaction temperature is 120°C, at which time the yield and purity of CS90 are high. Excessively high temperatures will cause decomposition or inactivation of CS90, while too low temperatures will prolong reaction time and reduce production efficiency.
  • Catalytic Dosage: The optimal catalyst dosage is 1.0%, and the yield and purity of CS90 are high. Excessive catalyst may cause side reactions to occur, affecting the purity of CS90; insufficient catalyst usage will reduce the reaction rate and affect the yield.
  • Solvent Selection: When used as a solvent, CS90 has high yield and purity. It has good solubility and low toxicity, and is suitable for large-scale production. Although non-polar solvents (such as hexane) help in separation and purification, they have poor solubility and complex operation and are not recommended to use.
  • Pressure and reaction time: Pressure and reaction time have little impact on the yield and purity of CS90. It is recommended to flexibly adjust it according to equipment conditions and production scale in actual production.

Conclusion and Outlook

By systematic study of the production process parameters of CS90 catalyst, this paper proposes the optimization of productionGood practices in production processes. Studies have shown that temperature, catalyst dosage and solvent selection are key parameters that affect the catalytic performance of CS90. Reasonable parameter settings can significantly improve the yield and purity of CS90. Specifically, the preferred reaction temperature is 120°C, the catalyst amount is 1.0%, and the solvent is selected. In addition, experimental design and data analysis further verified the effectiveness of these optimization strategies, providing valuable reference for relevant companies and researchers.

Future research can further explore the application of novel catalysts and additives to improve the catalytic activity and selectivity of CS90. At the same time, developing more environmentally friendly and efficient synthesis methods and reducing the generation of by-products will be an important direction for CS90 production process optimization. With the global focus on green chemistry and sustainable development, the application prospects of CS90 catalysts will be broader and are expected to play an important role in more areas.

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