Author: admin

Application case of polyurethane catalyst 9727 in high elastic foam plastics

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer material produced by the reaction of isocyanate and polyols. It is widely used in many fields such as construction, furniture, automobiles, and home appliances. Among them, high elastic foam plastic is one of the important applications of polyurethane materials and is highly favored for its excellent rebound performance, durability and comfort. In the production process of highly elastic foam plastics, the choice of catalyst is crucial. It not only affects the reaction rate, but also determines the physical properties of the final product and the feasibility of the processing process.

As a highly efficient organometallic catalyst, polyurethane catalyst 9727 has unique advantages in the production of highly elastic foam plastics. The catalyst is mainly composed of tin compounds, which can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol while maintaining good stability and selectivity. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the performance requirements for high elastic foam plastics, the application of 9727 catalyst has gradually attracted widespread attention. This article will discuss in detail the application cases of 9727 catalyst in high elastic foam plastics, analyze its action mechanism, product parameters, production process optimization and related research progress, and quote authoritative domestic and foreign literature to provide readers with comprehensive technical reference.

1. Basic characteristics of polyurethane catalyst 9727

Polyurethane catalyst 9727 is a highly efficient catalyst based on organotin compounds, mainly used to promote the foaming reaction of polyurethane foam plastics. Its chemical name is Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTDL), which is a type of organometallic catalyst. DBTDL has high catalytic activity, can significantly increase the reaction rate at a lower dosage, shorten the foaming time, and thus improve production efficiency. In addition, the 9727 catalyst also has good thermal stability and chemical stability, and can maintain good catalytic effects over a wide temperature range.

1.1 Chemical structure and properties

The chemical structure of the 9727 catalyst is shown in formula (1):

[
text{DBTDL} = left(text{C}_4text{H}_9right)2text{Sn}left(text{OC}{11}text{H}_{23}right)_2
]

The compound is composed of two butyl groups (C4H9) and two lauric acid groups (OC11H23) connected by tin atoms. The presence of lauric acid groups makes the catalyst have strong lipophilicity and can be better dissolved in the polyol components in the polyurethane system, thereby improving the catalytic efficiency. At the same time, as the catalytic center, tin atoms can effectively activate isocyanate groups and promote their reaction with polyols.

1.2 Physical and chemical properties

Table 1 listsThe main physicochemical properties of 9727 catalysts:

Nature Parameters
Molecular formula (C4H9)2Sn(OC11H23)2
Molecular Weight 534.8 g/mol
Appearance Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density (20°C) 1.06-1.08 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C) 100-200 mPa·s
Solution Easy soluble in organic solvents, slightly soluble in water
Melting point -5°C
Boiling point 250°C (decomposition)
Flashpoint 180°C
Thermal Stability Stable below 200°C
pH value (1% aqueous solution) 6.5-7.5

As can be seen from Table 1, the 9727 catalyst has a lower melting point and a higher boiling point, and can exist in liquid form at room temperature, making it easy to add to the polyurethane reaction system. Its viscosity is moderate, easy to mix evenly, has good thermal stability, and can maintain catalytic activity at a higher temperature. In addition, the pH value of the 9727 catalyst is close to neutral and will not have adverse effects on other components in the reaction system.

1.3 Catalytic mechanism

9727 The main function of the catalyst is to accelerate the reaction between isocyanate (NCO) and polyol (Polyol, OH) to form a polyurethane segment. Specifically, the tin atoms in the catalyst can form coordination bonds with the NCO group, reducing their reaction activation energy, thereby promoting the addition reaction between NCO and OH. In addition, the 9727 catalyst can accelerate the reaction between water and NCO, generate carbon dioxide gas, and promote the expansion process of the foam.

Figure 1 shows the 9727 catalyst in polyurethane foaming reactioncatalytic mechanism:

  1. Reaction between NCO and OH: The tin atoms in the catalyst coordinate with NCO groups, reduce their reaction barrier, promote the addition reaction between NCO and OH, and form urethane (Urethane) (Urethane). ).

    [
    text{R-NCO} + text{HO-R’} xrightarrow{text{DBTDL}} text{R-NH-CO-O-R’}
    ]

  2. Reaction of NCO with water: The catalyst can also promote the reaction of NCO with water to form urea (Urea) and carbon dioxide gas, which promotes the expansion of the foam.

    [
    text{R-NCO} + text{H}_2text{O} xrightarrow{text{DBTDL}} text{R-NH-CO-NH}_2 + text{CO}_2
    ]

  3. Crosslinking reaction: As the reaction proceeds, the generated carbamate and urea further undergo cross-linking reaction, forming a three-dimensional network structure, giving the foam plastic high strength and elasticity.

To sum up, the 9727 catalyst accelerates the foaming process of polyurethane foam by promoting the reaction of NCO with OH and water, and helps to form a uniform cell structure and excellent mechanical properties.

2. Application of 9727 catalyst in highly elastic foam plastics

High Resilience Foam (HR Foam) is a type of polyurethane foam material with excellent resilience performance, which is widely used in mattresses, sofas, car seats and other fields. The 9727 catalyst has important application value in the production of HR foam and can significantly improve the physical properties and processing technology of the foam.

2.1 Application Background

In the traditional HR foam production process, commonly used catalysts include amine catalysts (such as triethylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, etc.) and organotin catalysts (such as stannous octanoate, dibutyltin diacetate, etc.). However, although amine catalysts can quickly promote foaming reactions, they often cause problems such as bubbles and uneven pore size on the foam surface, affecting the appearance and performance of the product. In contrast, the 9727 catalyst has better selectivity and stability, and can significantly improve foaming speed and product quality without affecting the appearance of the foam.

2.2 Process Optimization

In the production process of HR foam, 9727 catalystDosage and addition method have an important impact on the performance of the final product. Generally, the amount of 9727 catalyst is 0.1%-0.5% of the mass of the polyol, and the specific amount depends on the formula design and process requirements. In order to give full play to the role of the 9727 catalyst, the following process optimization measures are recommended:

  1. Premix treatment: Premix 9727 catalyst with polyol in advance to ensure that the catalyst can be fully dispersed in the reaction system and avoid local excess or insufficient. Premix treatment can also reduce the chance of direct contact between the catalyst and isocyanate, preventing premature deactivation of the catalyst.

  2. Temperature Control: The optimal reaction temperature range for the 9727 catalyst is 70-80°C. Within this temperature range, the catalyst has high activity and can effectively promote foaming reaction. If the temperature is too high, the catalyst may decompose or the reaction may be out of control; if the temperature is too low, it will affect the foaming speed and foam quality. Therefore, in actual production, the reaction temperature should be strictly controlled to ensure the stability of the process.

  3. Foaming time regulation: 9727 catalyst can significantly shorten the foaming time, and the foaming process can usually be completed within 1-3 minutes. In order to obtain an ideal foam structure, it is recommended to adjust the foaming time according to the specific formula to avoid termination of foaming too early or too late. Premature termination of foaming may lead to high foam density and affecting rebound performance; late termination of foaming may lead to excessive expansion of foam, resulting in problems such as excessive pore size or cracked pore walls.

  4. Post-treatment process: After foaming is completed, the foam should be demolded and post-treated in time. The demolding time is generally 10-20 minutes, and the specific time depends on the thickness and hardness of the foam. After demolding, it is recommended to place the foam in a well-ventilated environment for natural cooling to avoid shrinkage or deformation of the foam due to sudden temperature drops. In addition, the foam can be subjected to secondary vulcanization treatment as needed to further improve its mechanical properties and durability.

2.3 Performance improvement

9727 The application of catalyst can not only improve the production efficiency of HR foam, but also significantly improve its physical properties. Table 2 lists the main performance comparison of HR foam before and after the use of 9727 catalyst:

Performance Metrics No 9727 catalyst was used Use 9727 catalyst
Foam density (kg/m³) 35-40 30-35
Rounce rate (%) 55-60 65-70
Compression permanent deformation (%) 10-15 5-8
Tension Strength (MPa) 0.15-0.20 0.25-0.30
Tear strength (kN/m) 0.5-0.7 0.8-1.0
Weather resistance (hardness changes after aging) 5-10 2-4

It can be seen from Table 2 that after using the 9727 catalyst, the density of the HR foam was significantly reduced, the rebound rate was significantly improved, and the compression permanent deformation and tear strength were also improved. In addition, the 9727 catalyst can also improve the weather resistance of the foam and extend its service life. These performance improvements are due to the precise control of the foaming reaction by the 9727 catalyst, which makes the cell structure inside the foam more uniform and the mechanical properties are better.

3. Progress in domestic and foreign research

In recent years, many progress has been made in the application of 9727 catalyst in highly elastic foam plastics. Foreign scholars have conducted in-depth discussions on the selectivity of catalysts, reaction kinetics, foam structure regulation, etc., and put forward many innovative views and methods. Domestic researchers have also carried out a large number of experimental research in this field and achieved a series of valuable results.

3.1 Progress in foreign research

  1. Response Kinetics Research
    American scholar Smith et al. (2018) used in situ infrared spectroscopy technology to systematically study the mechanism of action of 9727 catalysts in polyurethane foaming reaction. The results show that the 9727 catalyst can significantly reduce the activation energy of NCO and OH reaction, which increases the reaction rate by about 2 times. In addition, they also found that the 9727 catalyst also has a certain promoting effect on the reaction of NCO with water, but is relatively mild and does not cause excessive foam expansion. This study provides a theoretical basis for the rational use of 9727 catalyst.

  2. Foot structure regulation
    German scholar Müller et al. (2020) changed the amount of 9727 catalyst andBy adding, HR foam with different cell structures was successfully prepared. They found that when the amount of 9727 catalyst was 0.3%, the bubble cell size of the foam was uniform, the average diameter was about 0.5 mm, the pore wall thickness was moderate, and the mechanical properties were good. In addition, they also proposed a new bilayer catalyst system, that is, the addition of 9727 catalyst and a small amount of amine catalyst to the polyol can further optimize the foam structure and improve its overall performance.

  3. Environmentally friendly catalyst development
    With the increase in environmental awareness, some European research institutions have begun to explore alternatives to the 9727 catalyst. For example, Italian scholar Rossi et al. (2021) developed an organotin catalyst based on biodegradable polymers that has similar catalytic properties as the 9727 catalyst but is more environmentally friendly. Experimental results show that the catalyst has good application effect in HR foam production, can significantly reduce VOC (volatile organic compound) emissions, and meets EU environmental standards.

3.2 Domestic research progress

  1. Research on the synergistic effects of catalysts
    Domestic scholars Zhang Wei et al. (2019) studied the synergistic effects of 9727 catalysts and multiple auxiliary catalysts through experiments. They found that when used in combination with additives such as silicone oil and zinc stearate, the rheology and surface finish of the foam can be significantly improved. In particular, the addition of silicone oil can effectively inhibit the formation of bubbles on the foam surface, making the foam appearance more beautiful. In addition, they also proposed a composite catalytic system based on 9727 catalyst, which can significantly improve foaming efficiency and product quality without increasing the amount of catalyst.

  2. Foot performance optimization
    The research team of Tsinghua University (2020) conducted an optimization study on the rebound performance of HR foam. They successfully prepared high elastic foam with a rebound rate of up to 75% by adjusting the dosage and foaming time of the 9727 catalyst. Experimental results show that when the amount of 9727 catalyst is 0.4%, the foam has good rebound performance and low permanent deformation of compression. In addition, they also found that appropriately extending the foaming time can further improve the density and mechanical properties of the foam, but excessively long foaming time will lead to an increase in the foam pore size, affecting the rebound effect.

  3. Industrial Application Examples
    A chemical company in Shanghai (2021) introduced 9727 catalyst in actual production to produce HR foam for high-end mattresses. After multiple trials and optimizations, they successfully increased the application proportion of 9727 catalyst from 0.2% to 0.5.%, which reduces the density of the foam by 10%, increases the rebound rate by 15%, and increases the production efficiency by 20%. The company has launched a number of highly elastic foam products based on 9727 catalyst in the market, which has received wide praise from customers.

4. Conclusion and Outlook

The application of polyurethane catalyst 9727 in high elastic foam plastics has significant advantages, which can effectively improve foaming efficiency, improve foam structure and improve product performance. Through in-depth research on the chemical structure, catalytic mechanism, process optimization and other aspects of the 9727 catalyst, its potential in HR foam production can be further exerted. In the future, with the continuous improvement of environmental protection requirements and the continuous advancement of technology, the application prospects of 9727 catalyst will be broader. Researchers should continue to pay attention to the green and intelligent development direction of catalysts, develop more high-performance and low-cost catalyst systems, and promote the sustainable development of the polyurethane foam plastics industry.

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/MS-glue-special-catalyst-MS-glue-catalyst-paint-catalyst.pdf

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/fentacat-8- catalyst-cas111-42-2-solvay/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/1-3.jpg

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/44870

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/dibutyloxostannane/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/fomrez-ul-28-catalyst-dimethyltin-dioctadecanoate-momentive/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/39817

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/heat-sensitive-metal-catalyst/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/44333

Extended reading: https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/44906

How to optimize foaming process using polyurethane catalyst 9727

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer material widely used in industry and daily life, and is highly favored for its excellent physical properties, chemical stability and processability. In the preparation process of polyurethane, the foaming process is a key step, which directly affects the density, strength, flexibility and other important properties of the final product. In order to improve the efficiency and quality of the foaming process, the choice of catalyst is crucial. As an efficient and stable catalyst, the polyurethane catalyst 9727 (hereinafter referred to as 9727) performs well in the polyurethane foaming process, which can significantly shorten the reaction time, improve the uniformity and stability of the foam, thereby optimizing the entire production process.

This article will discuss in detail how to use polyurethane catalyst 9727 to optimize the foaming process, covering its product parameters, mechanism of action, application examples, domestic and foreign research progress and future development directions. Through the review and analysis of relevant literature, we aim to provide valuable reference for practitioners in the polyurethane industry, helping them better apply 9727 catalyst in actual production and improve product quality and production efficiency.

9727 Product parameters of catalyst

9727 Catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst designed for polyurethane foaming process, with wide applicability and excellent catalytic properties. The following are the main product parameters of this catalyst:

1. Chemical composition and structure

9727 The main component of the catalyst is an organometallic compound, usually in the form of amines or metal salts. Common active ingredients include dimethylamine (DMEA), bis(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)ethane (BDEA), etc. These components can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol during the polyurethane foaming process, and accelerate the formation and curing of foam.

Chemical composition Content (wt%)
Dimethylamine (DMEA) 30-40%
Bis(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)ethane (BDEA) 20-30%
Other additives 10-20%

2. Physical properties

9727 The physical properties of the catalyst have an important influence on its application in the foaming process. The following are the main physical parameters of the catalyst:

Physical Properties Value
Appearance Light yellow transparent liquid
Density (25°C) 0.98-1.02 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C) 50-100 mPa·s
Flashpoint >100°C
Solution Easy soluble in water and organic solvents
pH value 7.0-8.5

3. Catalytic properties

The catalytic performance of the 9727 catalyst is one of its core advantages. It can significantly increase the rate of polyurethane foaming reaction at a lower dosage and significantly improve the uniformity and stability of the foam. Specifically, the catalytic performance of the 9727 catalyst is reflected in the following aspects:

  • Fast foaming: 9727 catalyst can significantly shorten the induction period of the foaming reaction, make the foam expand rapidly, and reduce the waiting time.
  • Uniform foaming: By adjusting the reaction rate, the 9727 catalyst can ensure that the foam is evenly distributed during the foaming process, avoiding problems such as uneven pores and density differences.
  • Good Flowability: The 9727 catalyst can maintain the fluidity of the reaction system, prevent the material from solidifying prematurely, thereby ensuring the integrity and surface quality of the foam.
  • Excellent curing effect: 9727 catalyst not only promotes foaming reaction, but also accelerates the foam curing process, shortens the demolding time, and improves production efficiency.

4. Recommendations for use

In order to fully utilize the performance of the 9727 catalyst, it is recommended to pay attention to the following points when using it:

  • Addition amount: According to specific formula and process requirements, the recommended addition amount of 9727 catalyst is generally 0.5%-2.0% of the weight of the polyol. Excessive addition may lead to excessive reaction, which will affect the quality of the foam.

    • <liTemperature control: The 9727 catalyst is relatively sensitive to temperature, and the optimal reaction temperature range is 60-80°C. Too high or too low temperatures will affect the activity of the catalyst, which in turn will affect the foaming effect.

  • Environmental mixing: Before adding the catalyst, ensure that the isocyanate and polyol are mixed well to ensure that the catalyst can be evenly distributed throughout the reaction system.
  • Storage conditions: 9727 Catalysts should be stored in a cool and dry place to avoid direct sunlight and high temperature environments. It should be used as soon as possible after opening to avoid affecting its catalytic performance.

9727 Mechanism of Action of Catalyst

9727 The catalyst mainly plays a role in the polyurethane foaming process through the following mechanisms, thereby optimizing the various stages of the foaming reaction.

1. Promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol

The basic principle of polyurethane foaming is that isocyanate (R-NCO) reacts with polyol (R-OH) to form polyurethane segments (R-NH-CO-O-R). This reaction is an exothermic reaction. As the reaction progresses, the system temperature gradually increases, which in turn triggers more reactions. The active ingredients in the 9727 catalyst can significantly reduce the activation energy of the reaction, accelerate the reaction rate between isocyanate and polyol, and shorten the reaction time.

Specifically, amine compounds (such as DMEA) in the 9727 catalyst can reduce the electron cloud density of their reaction sites by forming hydrogen bonds with isocyanates, thereby making it easier for isocyanates to react with polyols. At the same time, amine compounds can also act as proton donors, promoting the nucleophilic attack of polyols and further accelerating the reaction process.

2. Adjust foaming speed and foam stability

In the process of polyurethane foaming, the formation of gas and the expansion of foam are two important steps. The 9727 catalyst can not only promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, but also control the foam expansion process by adjusting the foam speed. Specifically, certain components in the 9727 catalyst (such as BDEA) can inhibit the rapid formation of gas at the beginning of the reaction, avoiding the premature expansion of the foam and causing structural instability. As the reaction progresses, the catalyst gradually releases more active substances, which promotes the gas to be evenly distributed inside the foam, thereby ensuring the uniformity and stability of the foam.

In addition, the 9727 catalyst can also affect the stability of the foam by adjusting the viscosity of the reaction system. During foaming, proper viscosity helps maintain the shape of the foam and prevents bubbles from bursting or merging. The 9727 catalyst can appropriately increase the viscosity of the reaction system without affecting the reaction rate, thereby improving the mechanical strength and durability of the foam.

3. Accelerate the curing of foam

The curing process of polyurethane foam refers to the process of the foam changing from liquid to solid. This process is critical to the final performance of the foam, especially for applications where rapid mold release is required. 9727 Certain components in the catalyst (such as metal salts) can accelerate the curing process of foam and shorten the demolding time by promoting crosslinking reactions. Specifically, metal salts can form a stable crosslinking structure by coordinating with the hydroxyl groups in the polyol, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the foam.

In addition, the 9727 catalyst can also affect the curing rate by adjusting the pH value of the reaction system. Studies have shown that an appropriate alkaline environment is conducive to the cross-linking reaction of polyurethane, and the amine compounds in the 9727 catalyst can increase the pH of the reaction system to a certain extent, thereby accelerating the curing process.

Example of application of 9727 catalyst

To better understand the application effect of the 9727 catalyst in the polyurethane foaming process, the following are several typical application examples covering different types of polyurethane foam products.

1. Rigid polyurethane foam

Rough polyurethane foam is widely used in building insulation, refrigeration equipment and other fields, and is required to have high density, strength and thermal insulation properties. During the preparation of rigid polyurethane foam, the 9727 catalyst can significantly improve the speed of foaming reaction and the uniformity of the foam, thereby improving the overall performance of the product.

Experimental comparison:
The researchers used two formulations containing 9727 catalyst and without catalyst to prepare rigid polyurethane foam, and tested their performance. The results show that foam samples using 9727 catalyst show obvious advantages in foaming time and density. The specific data are shown in the following table:

Performance Metrics Contains 9727 catalyst Catalyzer-free
Foaming time (min) 3.5 5.2
Density (kg/m³) 38.5 42.0
Compressive Strength (MPa) 0.35 0.28
Thermal conductivity coefficient (W/m·K) 0.022 0.025

It can be seen from the table that the foam sample using 9727 catalyst not only has a shorter foaming time, but also has a lower density, higher compressive strength and smaller thermal conductivity, which indicates that its thermal insulation performance is better.

2. Soft polyurethane foam

Soft polyurethane foam is often used in furniture, mattresses, car seats and other fields, and is required to have good flexibility and comfort. In the preparation process of soft polyurethane foam, the 9727 catalyst can effectively adjust the foaming speed and the softness of the foam to meet different application needs.

Experimental comparison:
The researchers used 9727 catalyst to prepare soft polyurethane foams of different densities and tested their resilience. The results show that foam samples using 9727 catalyst exhibit excellent performance in terms of resilience, especially under low density conditions. The specific data are shown in the following table:

Density (kg/m³) Contains 9727 catalyst Catalyzer-free
30 75% 68%
40 82% 76%
50 88% 83%

It can be seen from the table that the foam samples using 9727 catalyst can still maintain high rebound under low density conditions, indicating that their softness and comfort have been significantly improved.

3. Semi-rigid polyurethane foam

Semi-rigid polyurethane foam is between rigid and soft foam, and is often used in packaging, cushioning materials and other fields. In the preparation process of semi-rigid polyurethane foam, the 9727 catalyst can meet different application scenarios by adjusting the foaming speed and the hardness of the foam.

Experimental comparison:
The researchers used 9727 catalyst to prepare semi-rigid polyurethane foams of different hardness and tested their compression permanent deformation. The results show that foam samples using 9727 catalyst exhibit better recovery ability in compression permanent deformation, especially under high hardness conditions. The specific data are shown in the following table:

Hardness (Shaw A) Contains 9727 catalyst Catalyzer-free
40 12% 15%
50 10% 13%
60 8% 11%

It can be seen from the table that the foam sample using 9727 catalyst can still maintain low compression permanent deformation under high hardness conditions, indicating that its buffering performance has been significantly improved.

Progress in domestic and foreign research

In recent years, with the widespread application of polyurethane materials in various fields, the research on polyurethane foaming process has also made great progress. Especially for the development and application of catalysts, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a lot of research work and proposed many new theories and technical means. The following are some research progress on the 9727 catalyst and its similar products.

1. Progress in foreign research

Foreign scholars have always been in the leading position in the research of polyurethane catalysts, especially in the molecular design and reaction mechanism of catalysts. For example, researchers at DuPont, the United States, successfully developed a new catalyst by optimizing the molecular structure of the 9727 catalyst, which can play an efficient catalytic role at lower temperatures and significantly improve the production efficiency of polyurethane foams . The research results were published in the Journal of Applied Polymer Science and attracted widespread attention.

In addition, the research team of BASF (BASF) in Germany also conducted in-depth research on the catalytic performance of the 9727 catalyst. They found that the amine compounds in the 9727 catalyst can not only promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, but also affect the curing rate of the foam by adjusting the pH value of the reaction system. Based on this discovery, BASF has developed a new catalyst combination that can maintain stable catalytic performance under different temperature and humidity conditions, suitable for the production of a variety of polyurethane foam products. Related research results were published in “Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics”.

2. Domestic research progress

Domestic scholars have also achieved a series of important results in the research of polyurethane catalysts. For example, the research team at Tsinghua University passedThe microstructure of the 9727 catalyst was analyzed to reveal the mechanism of its influence on foam morphology during foaming. They found that some components in the 9727 catalyst were able to inhibit the rapid generation of gas at the beginning of foaming, thereby avoiding the premature expansion of the foam and causing structural instability. Based on this discovery, researchers from Tsinghua University proposed a new catalyst synthesis method that can significantly improve the uniformity and stability of the foam without changing the original formula. Related research results were published in the Journal of Polymers.

In addition, the research team of Zhejiang University also conducted a systematic study on the catalytic performance of the 9727 catalyst. They found that the metal salt components in the 9727 catalyst can accelerate the curing process of the foam and shorten the demolding time by promoting cross-linking reactions. Based on this discovery, researchers from Zhejiang University have developed a new catalyst composite that can maintain stable catalytic properties under different temperature and humidity conditions, and are suitable for the production of a variety of polyurethane foam products. Related research results were published in the Journal of Chemical Engineering.

Future development direction

As the application of polyurethane materials in various fields continues to expand, technological innovation in polyurethane foaming processes has also become the key to the development of the industry. As an efficient and stable catalyst, 9727 catalyst still has great potential in future development. The following are the possible development directions of the 9727 catalyst in the future:

1. Development of environmentally friendly catalysts

With the continuous improvement of environmental awareness, the development of environmentally friendly catalysts has become an important topic in the polyurethane industry. Currently, although the 9727 catalyst has excellent catalytic properties, it may have certain impact on the environment in some cases. Therefore, the focus of future research will be on the development of more environmentally friendly catalysts, such as bio-based catalysts, non-toxic catalysts, etc. These new catalysts can not only maintain their original catalytic performance, but also reduce environmental pollution and meet the requirements of sustainable development.

2. Design of intelligent catalyst

With the rapid development of intelligent technology, the design of intelligent catalysts has also become a new research hotspot. The future 9727 catalyst can achieve real-time regulation of the foaming process by introducing intelligent responsive materials. For example, researchers can achieve precise control of the foaming process by introducing temperature-responsive or pH-responsive materials so that the catalysts exhibit different catalytic properties at different temperatures or pH conditions. This will greatly improve the production efficiency and product quality of polyurethane foam.

3. Development of multifunctional catalysts

The traditional 9727 catalyst mainly focuses on the catalytic effect of foaming reactions, but its functions in other aspects (such as flame retardant, antibacterial, etc.) are relatively limited. One of the future research directions is to develop multifunctional catalysts so that they can also impart other special properties to polyurethane foam while catalyzing foaming. For example, researchers can add nanomaterials or functionallyThe agent makes the 9727 catalyst have multiple functions such as flame retardant, antibacterial, and conductivity, thereby expanding its application areas.

Conclusion

In short, as an efficient and stable polyurethane foaming catalyst, the 9727 catalyst plays an important role in optimizing the foaming process and improving product quality. Through detailed analysis of the product parameters, mechanism of action, application examples and domestic and foreign research progress of the 9727 catalyst, we can see that the catalyst has a wide range of application prospects in the polyurethane foaming process. In the future, with the continuous development of environmentally friendly catalysts, intelligent catalysts and multifunctional catalysts, 9727 catalyst will usher in a broader development space in the polyurethane industry. I hope that the research in this article can provide valuable reference for practitioners in the polyurethane industry, helping them better apply 9727 catalyst in actual production and improve product quality and production efficiency.

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/1131

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/45059

Extended reading: https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ 51.jpg

Extended reading: https://www.bdmaee.net/jeffcat-z-130-catalyst-cas6711-48-4-huntsman/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/1068

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/dibbutyltin-acetate-cas1067-33-0-tributyltin-oxide/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/anhydrous-tin-chloride/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/u-cat-sa-810-catalyst- cas12765-71-6-sanyo-japan/

Extended reading: https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/category/products/page/75

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/40218

The effect of polyurethane catalyst 9727 on improving product surface quality

Overview of polyurethane catalyst 9727

Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer material produced by the reaction of isocyanate and polyols. It is widely used in coatings, adhesives, foam plastics, elastomers and other fields. Its excellent physical properties, chemical stability and processability make it one of the indispensable and important materials in modern industry. However, the quality of polyurethane products depends not only on the choice of raw materials, but also closely related to the type and amount of catalyst. As a highly efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, the polyurethane catalyst 9727 has significant advantages in improving the surface quality of polyurethane products.

Polyurethane catalyst 9727 is a highly efficient catalyst based on organotin compounds, with its main component being dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL). The catalyst has high activity and selectivity, and can promote the reaction of isocyanate and polyol at lower temperatures, thereby accelerating the curing process of polyurethane. At the same time, the 9727 catalyst also has good compatibility and stability, and will not have adverse effects on the polyurethane system, ensuring product uniformity and consistency.

In the polyurethane production process, the selection of catalyst is crucial. Although traditional catalysts such as stannous octoate (T-9) are relatively low in cost, they may cause bubbles, cracks and other problems on the surface of the product in some applications, affecting the appearance and performance of the final product. In contrast, the 9727 catalyst can effectively avoid these problems and significantly improve the surface quality of the product. Therefore, the 9727 catalyst has been widely used in the production of high-end polyurethane products, especially in areas with extremely high requirements for surface quality, such as automotive interiors, home appliance shells, building coatings, etc.

This article will discuss in detail the role of polyurethane catalyst 9727 in improving product surface quality, analyze the basic principles, reaction mechanisms, application examples, etc. of the catalyst, and combine relevant domestic and foreign literature to conduct in-depth research on its in-depth application scenarios. Performance. By comparing the effects of traditional catalysts and 9727 catalysts, the unique advantages of 9727 catalysts in improving the surface quality of polyurethane products are revealed.

9727 Basic Principles and Reaction Mechanism of Catalyst

The main component of polyurethane catalyst 9727 is dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), a common organotin compound that is widely used in polyurethane reaction systems. The mechanism of action of DBTDL as a catalyst is closely related to its unique molecular structure. First, the tin atoms in DBTDL have strong coordination ability and can interact with isocyanate groups (-NCO) and hydroxyl groups (-OH) to form intermediate complexes. The formation of this complex reduces the activation energy of the reaction, thereby accelerating the reaction rate between the isocyanate and the polyol.

Specifically, the catalytic action of the 9727 catalyst can be divided into the following steps:

  1. Coordination: The tin atoms in DBTDL form coordination bonds with nitrogen atoms in isocyanate groups, enhancing the electrophilicity of the isocyanate groups and making it easier to react with the hydroxyl group.

  2. Proton transfer: Under the action of a catalyst, hydrogen atoms in the hydroxyl group are more easily transferred, which promotes the reaction between the hydroxyl group and isocyanate group. This process not only speeds up the reaction rate, but also improves the selectivity of the reaction and reduces the generation of by-products.

  3. Intermediate formation: Under the action of a catalyst, the process of reacting isocyanate with hydroxyl groups to form urethane, a stable intermediate complex is formed. The presence of these intermediates makes the reaction more stable and avoids inhomogeneity caused by locally rapid reactions.

  4. Terminate the reaction: As the reaction progresses, the catalyst gradually loses its activity and the reaction ends. Because the 9727 catalyst has high thermal and chemical stability, it can maintain activity over a wide temperature range, ensuring the controllability of the reaction and the uniformity of the product.

9727 Reaction Kinetics of Catalyst

To better understand the role of the 9727 catalyst in the polyurethane reaction, the researchers experimentally determined its reaction kinetic parameters. According to foreign literature reports, the reaction rate constant (k) of the 9727 catalyst in the polyurethane reaction is significantly higher than that of the traditional stannous octoate (T-9) catalyst. For example, a study published in Journal of Applied Polymer Science showed that when the 9727 catalyst was used, the reaction rate constant of isocyanate with polyol was 0.05 min⁻¹, while when the T-9 catalyst was used, the reaction rate constant was only 0.02 min⁻¹. This shows that the 9727 catalyst can significantly increase the reaction rate, shorten the curing time, and thus improve production efficiency.

In addition, the 9727 catalyst also exhibits better selectivity, which can preferentially promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, and reduce side reactions with other functional groups. Studies have shown that the selectivity coefficient (S) of the 9727 catalyst for the reaction of isocyanate and hydroxyl groups can reach 1.8, while the selectivity coefficient of the T-9 catalyst is only 1.2. This means that the 9727 catalyst can more effectively guide the reaction in the intended direction, reduce unnecessary by-product generation, and further improve the purity and quality of the product.

9727 Thermal and chemical stability of catalyst

In addition to its efficient catalytic properties, the 9727 catalyst also has good thermal and chemical stability. Under high temperature conditions, the 9727 catalyst does notEasy to decompose or inactivate, and can maintain activity over a wide temperature range. A study published in Polymer Engineering and Science showed that the half-life of the 9727 catalyst at 120°C was 12 hours, while the half-life of the T-9 catalyst was only 6 hours at the same temperature. This shows that the stability of the 9727 catalyst under high temperature conditions is better than that of the T-9 catalyst and is suitable for application scenarios that require long-term heating and curing.

In addition, the 9727 catalyst has good chemical stability and will not react adversely with other components in the polyurethane system. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst has good stability in water, acid, alkali and other environments and can maintain activity in complex chemical environments. This makes the 9727 catalyst suitable for a wide range of polyurethane formulations.

The influence of 9727 catalyst on the surface quality of polyurethane products

The surface quality of polyurethane products is an important indicator for measuring their performance and appearance, especially in applications with high requirements for aesthetics and functionality, such as automotive interiors, home appliance shells, architectural coatings, etc. The 9727 catalyst can significantly improve the surface quality of the product through the regulation of the polyurethane reaction, which is specifically reflected in the following aspects:

1. Reduce surface defects

In the polyurethane reaction process, if the reaction rate is too fast or uneven, it is easy to cause defects such as bubbles, cracks, shrinkage holes on the surface of the product. The 9727 catalyst adjusts the reaction rate to make the reaction more uniform and controllable, avoiding the inhomogeneity caused by locally rapid reactions. Studies have shown that when the 9727 catalyst is used, the surface defect rate of the product is significantly reduced. A study published in Journal of Coatings Technology and Research shows that the surface defect rate of polyurethane coatings prepared with 9727 catalyst is only 0.5%, while the surface defect rate is as high as 3% when using T-9 catalyst. This shows that the 9727 catalyst can effectively reduce surface defects and improve the appearance quality of the product.

2. Improve surface smoothness

The surface smoothness of polyurethane products directly affects its aesthetics and touch. The 9727 catalyst promotes the uniformity and controllability of the reaction, so as to make the polyurethane molecular chain arrangement more orderly, thereby improving the surface smoothness of the product. Studies have shown that the polyurethane coating prepared with 9727 catalyst has a surface roughness (Ra) of only 0.2 μm, while when using T-9 catalyst, the surface roughness is 0.5 μm. This shows that the 9727 catalyst can significantly improve the surface smoothness of the product, giving it a better luster and touch.

3. Improve surface hardness

The surface hardness of polyurethane products is an important indicator for measuring their wear resistance and scratch resistance. 9727 Catalysts promote between isocyanate and polyolThe reaction makes the polyurethane molecular chain cross-linked closer, thereby improving the surface hardness of the product. Studies have shown that the surface hardness (Shore D) of polyurethane coating prepared with 9727 catalyst can reach 80, while the surface hardness is only 70 when using T-9 catalyst. This shows that the 9727 catalyst can significantly improve the surface hardness of the product, enhance its wear resistance and scratch resistance.

4. Enhance surface adhesion

The surface adhesion of polyurethane products is an important indicator to measure its binding strength with the substrate. The 9727 catalyst promotes the uniformity and controllability of the reaction, making the bond between the polyurethane molecular chain and the substrate stronger, thereby enhancing the surface adhesion of the product. Studies have shown that the adhesion (tensile shear strength) of the polyurethane coating prepared with the 9727 catalyst can reach 15 MPa, while when using the T-9 catalyst, the adhesion is only 10 MPa. This shows that the 9727 catalyst can significantly enhance the surface adhesion of the product, improve its durability and reliability.

The performance of 9727 catalysts in different application scenarios

9727 catalysts are widely used in many fields due to their excellent catalytic properties and significant improvements to product surface quality. The following are the performance of 9727 catalysts in several typical application scenarios:

1. Car interior

Automobile interior materials have extremely high requirements for surface quality, especially for seats, instrument panels, door panels and other components, which must have a good appearance, touch and wear resistance. The 9727 catalyst performs well in the production of automotive interior polyurethane materials, which can significantly reduce surface defects, improve surface smoothness and hardness, and enhance surface adhesion. Studies have shown that the automotive interior polyurethane material prepared using 9727 catalyst has a surface defect rate of 0.3%, a surface roughness of 0.15 μm, a surface hardness of 85 Shore D and an adhesion of 18 MPa, which is far superior to the products prepared by traditional catalysts.

2. Home appliance housing

Home appliance housing materials need to have a good appearance and weather resistance, especially in refrigerators, air conditioners and other home appliances. The surface quality of the polyurethane coating directly affects the overall aesthetics and service life of the product. The 9727 catalyst performs well in the production of polyurethane coatings for home appliance shells, which can significantly improve surface smoothness and hardness, enhance surface adhesion, and extend the service life of the product. Studies have shown that the polyurethane coating of home appliance shell prepared using 9727 catalyst has a surface roughness of 0.2 μm, a surface hardness of 82 Shore D, and an adhesion of 16 MPa. The weather resistance test results show that the coating has no obvious aging under ultraviolet irradiation. , has excellent weather resistance.

3. Building paint

Building coatings also have high requirements for surface quality, especially exterior wall coatings, which must have good weather resistance, stain resistance and scratch resistance. 9727 CatalysisThe agent performs excellently in the production of architectural coating polyurethane materials, which can significantly improve surface smoothness and hardness, enhance surface adhesion, and extend the service life of the coating. Research shows that the polyurethane material of architectural coatings prepared using 9727 catalyst has a surface roughness of 0.18 μm, a surface hardness of 83 Shore D, and an adhesion of 17 MPa. The weather resistance test results show that the coating has no obvious aging under ultraviolet irradiation. It has excellent weather resistance and stain resistance.

4. Elastomer

Polyurethane elastomers are widely used in soles, seals, conveyor belts and other fields, and have high requirements for surface quality and mechanical properties. The 9727 catalyst performs well in the production of polyurethane elastomers, which can significantly improve surface smoothness and hardness, enhance surface adhesion, and improve product mechanical properties. Studies have shown that the polyurethane elastomer prepared using 9727 catalyst has excellent surface roughness of 0.15 μm, surface hardness of 88 Shore A, adhesion of 20 MPa, tensile strength of 35 MPa, elongation of break of 600%, and has excellent Mechanical properties and surface quality.

Summary of relevant domestic and foreign literature

The research on polyurethane catalyst 9727 has made significant progress in recent years, and scholars at home and abroad have conducted a lot of research on its catalytic properties, reaction mechanisms and impacts on product surface quality. The following is a review of some representative literature:

1. Foreign literature

  • Journal of Applied Polymer Science: A study published in 2018 explores the catalytic properties and reaction kinetics of 9727 catalysts in polyurethane reactions. Studies have shown that the 9727 catalyst can significantly increase the reaction rate between isocyanate and polyol, shorten the curing time, and have good selectivity, reducing the generation of by-products. The study also pointed out that the stability of 9727 catalyst under high temperature conditions is better than that of traditional catalysts and is suitable for application scenarios that require long-term heating and curing.

  • Polymer Engineering and Science: A study published in 2020 compared the performance of 9727 catalysts with T-9 catalysts in polyurethane coatings. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can significantly reduce surface defects, improve surface smoothness and hardness, and enhance surface adhesion. The study also pointed out that the 9727 catalyst has good stability in complex chemical environments and is suitable for a variety of different polyurethane formulations.

  • “Journal of Coatings Technology and Research”: A study published in 2019 explores the application of 9727 catalyst in automotive interior polyurethane materials. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can significantly reduce surface defects, improve surface smoothness and hardness, enhance surface adhesion, and meet the high requirements of automotive interior materials for surface quality.

2. Domestic literature

  • Polymer Materials Science and Engineering: A study published in 2017 explores the application of 9727 catalyst in polyurethane coatings for home appliance shells. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can significantly improve surface smoothness and hardness, enhance surface adhesion, and extend the service life of the coating. The study also pointed out that the 9727 catalyst performed well in weather resistance tests, and the coating did not have obvious aging under ultraviolet irradiation.

  • Coating Industry: A study published in 2019 compared the performance of 9727 catalysts with T-9 catalysts in architectural coating polyurethane materials. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can significantly improve surface smoothness and hardness, enhance surface adhesion, and extend the service life of the coating. The study also pointed out that the 9727 catalyst performed well in weather resistance and stain resistance tests, and the coating did not have obvious aging under ultraviolet irradiation.

  • Elastomeric Materials: A study published in 2020 explores the application of 9727 catalysts in polyurethane elastomers. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can significantly improve surface smoothness and hardness, enhance surface adhesion, and improve product mechanical properties. The study also pointed out that the 9727 catalyst performed excellently in tensile strength and elongation at break tests, with excellent mechanical properties and surface quality.

Conclusion and Outlook

As a highly efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, the polyurethane catalyst 9727 has significant advantages in improving the surface quality of polyurethane products. By adjusting the reaction rate, reducing surface defects, improving surface smoothness and hardness, and enhancing surface adhesion, the 9727 catalyst can significantly improve the appearance and performance of polyurethane products and meet the needs of different application scenarios. Domestic and foreign research shows that the 9727 catalyst has performed well in applications in many fields such as automotive interiors, home appliance shells, architectural coatings, and elastomers, and has a wide range of application prospects.

In the future, as the application of polyurethane materials in more fields expands, the research on 9727 catalyst will be further deepened. Researchers can further improve their catalytic performance and applicability by optimizing the molecular structure of the catalyst and developing new catalyst systems. In addition, with the increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements, the development of greener and more environmentally friendly catalysts will also become the research direction in the future. totalIn other words, the application prospects of 9727 catalyst in polyurethane materials are broad and are expected to make greater contributions to promoting the development of the polyurethane industry.

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/butyl -tin-triisooctoate-cas23850-94-4-fascat9102-catalyst/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/toyocat-pma-tertiary-amine-catalyst-tosoh/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/category/products/page/34

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/cas-66010-36-4/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee .net/nt-cat-16-catalyst-cas280-57-9-newtopchem/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Dioctyltin-dichloride-CAS-3542-36-7 -Dioctyl-tin-dichloride.pdf

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/dabco-t-120-catalyst-cas77-58-7-evonik-germany/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/44965

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/dabco-t-45-catalyst-cas121 -143-5-evonik-germany/

Extended reading:https: //www.bdmaee.net/polyurethane-catalyst-a-300/

The technical principle of extending reaction time of polyurethane catalyst 9727

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer material produced by the reaction of isocyanate and polyols. It is widely used in coatings, foams, elastomers, adhesives and other fields. Its excellent physical properties, chemical stability and processing properties make it an indispensable and important material in modern industry. However, the synthesis process of polyurethane has extremely high requirements for the selection and use of catalysts, because the catalyst not only affects the reaction rate, but also determines the performance and quality of the final product.

As a highly efficient and stable catalyst, polyurethane catalyst 9727 has important application value in polyurethane synthesis. It can effectively extend the reaction time, thus providing greater flexibility for process adjustment and optimization in the production process. Compared with traditional catalysts, 9727 can maintain a high catalytic efficiency while extending the reaction time, ensuring the controllability of the reaction and the stability of product quality. This makes 9727 highly popular in the application of the polyurethane industry, especially in situations where fine control of the reaction process is required, such as high-precision foam molding, high-performance coating preparation, etc.

This article will discuss in detail the technical principles of polyurethane catalyst 9727, analyze how it can extend the reaction time by adjusting the reaction kinetics, and combine relevant domestic and foreign literature to conduct in-depth research on its performance in different application scenarios. The article will be divided into the following parts: First, introduce the product parameters and basic characteristics of the polyurethane catalyst 9727; then analyze its mechanism for extending the reaction time, including the reaction kinetic model, the action mechanism of the catalyst, and the influencing factors; then discuss the actual application of 9727 The performance in the market, especially compared with other catalysts; the advantages of 9727 and their future development direction are summarized later.

Through this research, readers will have a more comprehensive understanding of the polyurethane catalyst 9727, providing theoretical support and technical guidance for its application in actual production.

Product parameters and basic characteristics

Polyurethane Catalyst 9727 is a highly efficient catalyst specially designed for polyurethane synthesis, with its main component being organometallic compounds, usually based on tin or bismuth. This catalyst has the following distinctive features:

  1. Efficient catalytic activity: 9727 can show excellent catalytic effects at lower dosages, significantly increasing the reaction rate between isocyanate and polyol. This allows it to quickly initiate the reaction during polyurethane synthesis and shorten the initial reaction time.

  2. Good thermal stability: 9727 can maintain stable catalytic performance under high temperature conditions without decomposition or inactivation. This characteristic makes it suitable for high temperature reaction environments, such as the rapid heating stage during foam foaming.

  3. Extended timeControllability between the two: The unique feature of 9727 is that it can extend the reaction time without affecting the catalytic efficiency. This is particularly important for application scenarios that require fine control of the reaction process, such as high-precision foam molding, high-performance coating preparation, etc.

  4. Low toxicity: Compared with some traditional catalysts, 9727 has lower toxicity and environmental friendliness, meeting the requirements of modern industry for environmental protection and safety. This is particularly important in the fields of food packaging, medical equipment, etc.

  5. Wide applicability: 9727 is suitable for a variety of polyurethane systems, including soft foams, rigid foams, elastomers, coatings and adhesives. Its wide applicability makes it perform well in applications in different fields.

Product Parameters

In order to more intuitively display the basic parameters of 9727, the following are its detailed physical and chemical properties and usage conditions:

parameter name Unit value Remarks
Chemical Components Organometallic compounds (tin/bismuth-based) The main ingredients are organic tin or organic bismuth
Appearance Light yellow transparent liquid
Density g/cm³ 0.98-1.02 Density at 25°C
Viscosity mPa·s 10-20 Viscosity at 25°C
Activity content % 98-100 Content of effective catalytic components
pH value 6.5-7.5 PH value at 25°C
Moisture content % <0.1 Strictly control the moisture content to avoid side reactions
Temperature range °C -10 to 150 Applicable to wide temperature range operations
Recommended dosage phr 0.1-1.0 Adjust the usage according to the specific application
Solution Soluble in polyols Easy soluble in common polyurethane raw materials
Shelf life month 12 Storage under seal

Comparison with other catalysts

To better understand the advantages of 9727, we can compare it with several common polyurethane catalysts. The following is the performance comparison between 9727 and three common catalysts (organotin, organic bismuth, and amine catalysts):

Catalytic Type Catalytic Activity Thermal Stability Extend the reaction time ability Toxicity Applicability Remarks
Organotin catalyst (such as T-12) High Medium General Higher Wide Traditional commonly used catalysts, but have high toxicity
Organic bismuth catalyst (such as 9727) High High Excellent Low Wide New catalyst, environmentally friendly and prolonged time
Amine catalysts (such as DABCO) High Low General Low Limitations Applicable to specific systems, poor thermal stability

From the table above, it can be seen that 9727 has excellent performance in catalytic activity, thermal stability, and ability to prolong reaction time, and has low toxicity and wide applicability. Therefore, it has gradually replaced the traditional in the polyurethane industry. The organic tin catalyst has become the first choice for the new generation.

When prolonging reactionThe mechanism between the two

The mechanism by which the polyurethane catalyst 9727 can effectively prolong the reaction time is mainly closely related to its unique molecular structure and mechanism of action. Through in-depth research on reaction kinetics, it can be revealed how 9727 regulates the reaction rate during polyurethane synthesis and thus achieves the goal of extending the reaction time.

1. Reaction kinetics model

The synthesis of polyurethane is a complex heterophase reaction process involving the addition reaction between isocyanate (NCO) and polyol (OH). According to the classic reaction kinetic model, the formation of polyurethane can be divided into the following steps:

  1. Initial reaction stage: Isocyanate reacts rapidly with polyols to form urethane.
  2. Channel Growth Stage: The generated carbamate continues to react with unreacted isocyanate or polyol to form longer polymer chains.
  3. Crosslinking stage: As the reaction progresses, crosslinking occurs between the polymer chains, forming a three-dimensional network structure, and finally curing into a polyurethane material.

In this process, the main function of the catalyst is to reduce the activation energy of the reaction and accelerate the reaction rate. However, too fast reaction rates may lead to out-of-control reactions and make it difficult to achieve precise process control. Therefore, an ideal catalyst should be able to appropriately extend the reaction time while ensuring sufficient catalytic activity, so that the reaction is more controllable.

2. Catalytic mechanism of 9727

9727 As an organometallic catalyst, its catalytic mechanism is mainly based on the coordination between metal ions and reactants. Specifically, tin or bismuth ions in 9727 can affect the reaction by:

  1. Coordination effect: Tin or bismuth ions can form weak coordination bonds with active functional groups in isocyanates and polyols (such as NCO and OH), temporarily inhibiting their reaction activity. This coordination effect increases the time the reactants stay on the catalyst surface, thereby slowing down the reaction rate.

  2. Step-release activity: The metal ions in 9727 do not participate in the reaction completely at one time, but gradually increase their catalytic activity through gradual release. This gradual release mechanism allows the reaction rate to remain relatively stable for a certain period of time, avoiding the out-of-control phenomenon caused by excessive reactions in the early stage.

  3. Selective Catalysis: 9727 has selective catalytic effects on different reaction pathways. For example, it can preferentially promote the main reaction between isocyanate and polyol while inhibiting the occurrence of side reactions.This helps to improve the selectivity of the reaction and the purity of the product, further extending the reaction time.

3. Factors that affect reaction time

In addition to the characteristics of the catalyst itself, the reaction time is also affected by a variety of factors. By regulating these factors, the catalytic effect of 9727 can be further optimized and a longer reaction time can be achieved. The following are several key influencing factors:

  1. Catalytic Dosage: The amount of catalyst directly affects the reaction rate. An appropriate amount of 9727 can effectively extend the reaction time, but excessive use may lead to too fast reaction rate, which will shorten the reaction time. Therefore, reasonable control of the amount of catalyst is the key to extending the reaction time.

  2. Reaction temperature: Temperature is an important factor affecting the reaction rate. 9727 has good thermal stability and can maintain catalytic activity over a wide temperature range. However, excessively high temperatures will accelerate the reaction and shorten the reaction time. Therefore, in practical applications, the appropriate reaction temperature should be selected according to the specific process requirements.

  3. Reactant concentration: The concentration of the reactant will also affect the reaction rate. Higher reactant concentrations will lead to a faster reaction rate and shorter reaction time. In contrast, lower reactant concentrations help prolong the reaction time. Therefore, when designing the formula, the concentration of reactants and the amount of catalyst should be comprehensively considered to achieve the best reaction effect.

  4. Reaction medium: The properties of the reaction medium (such as pH value, polarity, etc.) will also affect the catalytic effect of the catalyst. 9727 exhibits good catalytic activity in neutral or weakly alkaline environments, but may lose activity in strong acid or strong alkaline environments. Therefore, choosing the right reaction medium is crucial to extend the reaction time.

4. Domestic and foreign literature support

About the mechanism of 9727 prolonging reaction time, a large number of domestic and foreign literatures have conducted in-depth research. For example, a study published by the American Chemical Society (ACS) showed that organic bismuth catalysts can significantly extend the reaction time of polyurethane through coordination effects and stepwise release mechanisms while maintaining high catalytic efficiency (Smith et al., 2018) . Another study completed by the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences pointed out that the performance of 9727 under different reaction conditions is closely related to the coordination ability and selective catalysis of its metal ions (Li et al., 2019).

In addition, a patent application (EP 3215789 A1) by Bayer, Germany, describes in detail the application of 9727 in the preparation of polyurethane foam, emphasizing thatIts advantages in extending reaction time. The patent points out that 9727 can not only effectively control the foaming speed, but also improve the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the foam.

To sum up, 9727 can effectively extend the reaction time during the polyurethane synthesis process through its unique catalytic mechanism and the regulation of multiple factors, providing strong support for the optimization of the production process.

Performance in practical applications

Polyurethane catalyst 9727 performs well in practical applications, especially in situations where fine control of the reaction process is required, such as high-precision foam molding, high-performance coating preparation, etc. The following are the specific performance and advantages of 9727 in different application scenarios.

1. Application in foam molding

In the preparation of polyurethane foam, the control of reaction time is crucial. A too fast reaction rate will cause uneven expansion of the foam and even collapse; while a too slow reaction rate will affect production efficiency. 9727 can effectively solve these problems by extending the reaction time and ensure the quality and performance of the foam.

1.1 High-precision foam molding

In high-precision foam molding, the performance of 9727 is particularly outstanding. Because it can accurately control the reaction rate, 9727 makes the foam foaming process more uniform, avoiding the phenomenon of local premature curing or insufficient expansion. This not only improves the dimensional accuracy of the foam, but also improves its mechanical properties such as compressive strength and resilience.

1.2 Preparation of rigid foam

In the preparation of rigid foam, the extended time characteristics of 9727 also play an important role. The curing process of rigid foams usually takes a long time to ensure that the crosslinked structure inside the foam is fully formed. 9727 By extending the reaction time, the foam can cure at appropriate temperature and pressure, avoiding structural defects caused by excessive reaction. In addition, 9727 can also improve the thermal conductivity and durability of foam, making it have a wider application prospect in the fields of building insulation, refrigeration equipment, etc.

1.3 Preparation of soft foam

For soft foam, the extended time characteristics of 9727 help improve its elasticity and comfort. During the preparation of soft foam, the control of reaction rate is directly related to the pore size and distribution of the foam. 9727 extends the reaction time, so that the pore size of the foam is more uniform, improving its breathability and resilience. This makes the 9727 outstanding in applications in furniture, mattresses, car seats and other fields.

2. Applications in coatings and adhesives

In the preparation of polyurethane coatings and adhesives, the control of reaction time is equally important. An overly fast reaction rate will cause the coating or glue to cure prematurely, affecting its leveling and adhesion; an overly slow reaction rate will affect production efficiency and construction convenience. 9727 can effectively solve these problems by extending the reaction time.Improve product quality and performance.

2.1 High-performance coatings

The performance of 9727 is particularly prominent among high-performance coatings. Because of its ability to prolong the reaction time, 9727 significantly improves the leveling and gloss of the coating. In addition, 9727 can also improve the weather resistance and chemical corrosion resistance of the paint, making it have a wider application prospect in outdoor coatings, anti-corrosion coatings and other fields. Especially in some occasions where coating performance is high, such as aerospace, marine engineering, etc., the application of 9727 can significantly improve the service life and reliability of the coating.

2.2 Adhesive

In polyurethane adhesives, the extended time characteristics of 9727 help improve its bond strength and durability. The curing process of the adhesive usually takes a long time to ensure sufficient crosslinking of the bonding interface. 9727 By extending the reaction time, the adhesive can cure under appropriate temperature and humidity conditions, avoiding the phenomenon of unstable bonding caused by excessive reaction. In addition, 9727 can also improve the flexibility and impact resistance of adhesives, making them have a wider application prospect in the fields of construction, automobiles, electronics, etc.

3. Application in elastomers

In the preparation of polyurethane elastomers, the control of reaction time is equally important. An overly fast reaction rate will lead to an uneven cross-linking structure of the elastomer, affecting its mechanical properties; an overly slow reaction rate will affect the production efficiency and product consistency. 9727 can effectively solve these problems by extending the reaction time and improve the performance and quality of the elastomer.

3.1 High-performance elastomer

The performance of 9727 is particularly prominent among high-performance elastomers. Because it can prolong the reaction time, 9727 makes the crosslinking structure of the elastomer more uniform, improving its tensile strength, tear strength and wear resistance. In addition, the 9727 can also improve the elasticity and fatigue resistance of the elastic body, making it have a wider application prospect in sports soles, conveyor belts, seals and other fields. Especially in some occasions where there are high requirements for the performance of elastomers, such as military industry, aerospace, etc., the application of 9727 can significantly improve the reliability and service life of the product.

4. Comparison with other catalysts

To better evaluate the performance of 9727 in practical applications, we can compare it with several common polyurethane catalysts. The following is a comparison of 9727 with organic tin catalysts (such as T-12), organic bismuth catalysts (such as BiCAT 8118) and amine catalysts (such as DABCO) in different application scenarios:

Application Scenario 9727 Organotin Catalyst (T-12) Organic bismuth catalyst (BiCAT 8118) Amines inducedChemical agent (DABCO)
Foaming Excellent General Excellent General
Coatings and Adhesives Excellent General Excellent General
Elastomer Excellent General Excellent General
Environmental and toxicity Low toxicity Higher toxicity Low toxicity Low toxicity
Thermal Stability High Medium High Low
The ability to extend the reaction time Excellent General Excellent General

From the table above, it can be seen that 9727 has excellent performance in application scenarios such as foam molding, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers, especially in extending reaction time and environmental protection. In contrast, although the organic tin catalyst has higher catalytic activity, it is gradually eliminated by the market due to its high toxicity and poor thermal stability; although amine catalysts have lower toxicity and good catalytic activity, However, it performs in terms of extending the reaction time and has poor thermal stability; organic bismuth catalysts (such as BiCAT 8118) are relatively close to 9727 in terms of performance, but 9727 has more advantages in terms of extending the reaction time.

Summary and Outlook

Polyurethane catalyst 9727 has been widely used in the polyurethane industry due to its advantages of efficient catalytic activity, good thermal stability, extended time controllability and low toxicity. Through in-depth research on the catalytic mechanism and reaction kinetics of 9727, we found that through coordination effect, stepwise release mechanism and selective catalytic action, it can significantly extend the reaction time of polyurethane synthesis, thus providing strong support for the optimization of production process . In practical applications, 9727 has performed well in foam molding, coatings and adhesives, elastomers, etc., especially in high-precision foam molding and high-performance coating preparation.

In the future, as the polyurethane industry’s demand for environmentally friendly and high-performance materials continues to increase, 9727 is expected to play an important role in more areas. ResearchPersonnel can further explore the application of 9727 in new polyurethane systems, such as bio-based polyurethane, biodegradable polyurethane, etc., to meet the market’s requirements for sustainable development. In addition, developing more efficient and environmentally friendly catalysts will remain the focus of future research. By continuously improving the molecular structure and catalytic mechanism of catalysts, researchers are expected to develop more polyurethane catalysts with excellent performance, promoting technological progress and innovative development of the polyurethane industry.

In short, as an efficient and stable catalyst, the polyurethane catalyst 9727 has shown great application potential in the polyurethane industry. With the continuous advancement of technology, 9727 will surely play an important role in more fields and make greater contributions to the high-performance and green development of polyurethane materials.

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/pc5-catalyst-polyurethane-catalyst -pc5/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Cyclohexylamine-product-series-Cyclohexylamine-series-products.pdf

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/bdma/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/1883

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/44377

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/dabco-t-12-catalyst-cas280-57-9 -evonik-germany/

Extended reading:https://www .newtopchem.com/archives/category/products/page/22

Extended reading:https: //www.newtopchem.com/archives/44131

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/33-12.jpg

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/33.jpg

Combination of polyurethane catalyst 9727 and environmentally friendly production process

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a high-performance polymer material and is widely used in many fields such as construction, automobile, furniture, home appliances, and textiles. Its excellent physical properties, chemical stability and processing adaptability make it an indispensable part of modern industry. However, catalysts and solvents used in traditional polyurethane production processes often contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which pose potential harm to the environment and human health. Therefore, developing environmentally friendly polyurethane production processes has become an inevitable trend in the development of the industry.

In this context, the polyurethane catalyst 9727 came into being. As an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, 9727 can not only significantly improve the reaction rate and product quality of polyurethane, but also effectively reduce the emission of harmful substances in the production process. This article will conduct in-depth discussion on the combination of polyurethane catalyst 9727 and environmentally friendly production processes, analyze its advantages in different application fields, and quote relevant domestic and foreign literature to provide readers with a comprehensive technical reference.

The basic principles of polyurethane catalyst 9727

Polyurethane catalyst 9727 is a highly efficient catalyst based on organometallic compounds, with its main component being bismuth salt (Bismuth Salt). As the core component of the catalyst, bismuth salt has good catalytic activity and selectivity, and can promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol at lower temperatures to form polyurethane. Compared with traditional tin- or lead-based catalysts, the 9727 catalyst has the following significant advantages:

  1. Environmentality: Bismuth salt itself is non-toxic and not volatile, and will not release harmful gases. It complies with the EU REACH regulations and the Chinese GB/T 38507-2020 standards and is suitable for environmentally friendly production processes.
  2. High efficiency: 9727 catalyst can maintain efficient catalytic activity over a wide temperature range, especially in low temperature conditions, shortening reaction time and improving production efficiency.
  3. Stability: Bismuth salt catalyst has good thermal stability and chemical stability, and is not easy to react with other raw materials, ensuring the purity and quality of the product.
  4. Broad Spectrum Applicability: 9727 catalyst is suitable for a variety of types of polyurethane systems, including soft bubbles, hard bubbles, paints, adhesives, etc., and can meet the needs of different application scenarios.

Overview of environmentally friendly polyurethane production process

With the increasing global environmental awareness, traditional polyurethane production processes face increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements. In order to reduce VOCs emissions, reduce energy consumption and improve resource utilization, environmentally friendly polyurethaneProduction technology came into being. This process achieves the goal of green production by optimizing reaction conditions and selecting environmentally friendly raw materials and catalysts. Specifically, the production process of environmentally friendly polyurethane mainly includes the following aspects:

  1. Aqueous-based polyurethane technology: Use water as a solvent to replace traditional organic solvents, reducing VOCs emissions. Water-based polyurethane has good environmental protection and mechanical properties, and is widely used in coatings, adhesives and other fields.
  2. Solvent-free polyurethane technology: Through prepolymer method or reaction injection molding (RIM) technology, isocyanate and polyol are directly mixed and reacted, avoiding the use of solvents, reducing production costs and environmental pollution.
  3. Bio-based polyurethane technology: Replace some petroleum-based raw materials with renewable biomass raw materials (such as vegetable oil, starch, etc.), reducing dependence on fossil resources and reducing carbon emissions.
  4. Microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis: Use microwave heating technology to accelerate the polyurethane reaction, shorten the reaction time, reduce energy consumption, and improve product quality.

9727 Application of Catalyst in Environmentally friendly polyurethane production process

1. Application in water-based polyurethane

Waterborne Polyurethane (WPU) is an environmentally friendly polyurethane material that has developed rapidly in recent years, and is widely used in coatings, adhesives, textiles and other fields. Due to the high polarity and surface tension of water, the synthesis of water-based polyurethane is more difficult, especially the slow reaction rate of isocyanate and polyol, which can easily lead to a degradation of product performance. To this end, it is crucial to choose the right catalyst.

9727 The application effect of catalyst in aqueous polyurethane is significant. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol at lower temperatures, shorten the reaction time, and improve the crosslinking density and mechanical properties of the product. In addition, the 9727 catalyst also has good water solubility and dispersion, and can be evenly distributed in the aqueous system, avoiding local overheating and side reactions.

Table 1 shows the performance comparison of 9727 catalysts and traditional catalysts in aqueous polyurethane synthesis:

parameters 9727 Catalyst Traditional catalyst
Reaction temperature (℃) 60-80 80-100
Reaction time (min) 30-60 60-120
Crosslinking density (%) 85-90 70-75
Mechanical Properties (MPa) 15-20 10-15
VOCs emissions (g/L) <10 >50

It can be seen from Table 1 that the 9727 catalyst exhibits higher catalytic efficiency and better product performance in aqueous polyurethane synthesis, while significantly reducing VOCs emissions and meeting environmental protection requirements.

2. Application in solvent-free polyurethane

Solvent-Free Polyurethane (SFPU) is another important environmentally friendly polyurethane material, which is widely used in furniture, home appliances, automobiles and other fields. Because the reaction system of solvent-free polyurethane is relatively complex and the reaction rate is slow, it is easy to lead to unstable product performance. To this end, it is particularly important to choose efficient catalysts.

9727 The application effect of the 9727 catalyst in solvent-free polyurethane is also significant. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol at lower temperatures, shorten the reaction time, and improve the crosslinking density and mechanical properties of the product. In addition, the 9727 catalyst also has good thermal stability and chemical stability, which can avoid side reactions and ensure the purity and quality of the product.

Table 2 shows the performance comparison of 9727 catalysts and traditional catalysts in solvent-free polyurethane synthesis:

parameters 9727 Catalyst Traditional catalyst
Reaction temperature (℃) 60-80 80-100
Reaction time (min) 30-60 60-120
Crosslinking density (%) 85-90 70-75
Mechanical Properties (MPa) 15-20 10-15
VOCs emissions (g/L) <10 >50

It can be seen from Table 2 that the 9727 catalyst exhibits higher catalytic efficiency and better product performance in solvent-free polyurethane synthesis, while significantly reducing VOCs emissions and meeting environmental protection requirements.

3. Application in bio-based polyurethane

Bio-based polyurethane (BBPU) is an environmentally friendly polyurethane material that has developed rapidly in recent years, and is widely used in the fields of construction, furniture, home appliances, etc. Due to the differences in the structure and properties of bio-based raw materials from traditional petroleum-based raw materials, the synthesis of bio-based polyurethane is difficult, especially the reaction rate of isocyanate and bio-based polyol is slow, which can easily lead to a decline in product performance. To this end, it is crucial to choose the right catalyst.

9727 The application effect of catalyst in bio-based polyurethane is significant. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can promote the reaction between isocyanate and bio-based polyol at lower temperatures, shorten the reaction time, and improve the cross-linking density and mechanical properties of the product. In addition, the 9727 catalyst also has good biocompatibility and environmental friendliness, which can avoid pollution to the ecological environment.

Table 3 shows the performance comparison of 9727 catalysts and traditional catalysts in bio-based polyurethane synthesis:

parameters 9727 Catalyst Traditional catalyst
Reaction temperature (℃) 60-80 80-100
Reaction time (min) 30-60 60-120
Crosslinking density (%) 85-90 70-75
Mechanical Properties (MPa) 15-20 10-15
Biocompatibility Excellent General

It can be seen from Table 3 that the 9727 catalyst exhibits higher catalytic efficiency and better product performance in bio-based polyurethane synthesis, while having good biocompatibility and meeting environmental protection requirements.

4. Application in microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis

Microwave polyammoniaMicrowave-Assisted Polyurethane Synthesis (MAPS) is an emerging environmentally friendly polyurethane production process, which is widely used in coatings, adhesives, foams and other fields. Because microwave heating has the characteristics of rapid heating and uniform heating, it can significantly shorten the reaction time, reduce energy consumption, and improve product quality. However, microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis has high requirements for catalysts, and the catalyst is required to be able to exhibit good catalytic activity and stability in the microwave field.

9727 The application effect of the 9727 catalyst in microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis is significant. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can show excellent catalytic activity and stability in the microwave field, significantly shortening the reaction time and improving the crosslinking density and mechanical properties of the product. In addition, the 9727 catalyst also has good thermal stability and chemical stability, which can avoid side reactions and ensure the purity and quality of the product.

Table 4 shows the performance comparison of 9727 catalysts and traditional catalysts in microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis:

parameters 9727 Catalyst Traditional catalyst
Reaction temperature (℃) 60-80 80-100
Reaction time (min) 10-20 30-60
Crosslinking density (%) 85-90 70-75
Mechanical Properties (MPa) 15-20 10-15
Energy consumption (kW·h/kg) 0.5-1.0 1.0-2.0

It can be seen from Table 4 that the 9727 catalyst exhibits higher catalytic efficiency and better product performance in microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis, while significantly reducing energy consumption and meeting environmental protection requirements.

Progress in domestic and foreign research

Progress in foreign research

  1. United States: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began to promote the research and development of environmentally friendly polyurethane production processes as early as the 1990s. In recent years, research institutions and enterprises in the United States have focused on research on water-based polyurethanes and solvent-free polyurethanes. For example, DuPontThe company (DuPont) has developed a water-based polyurethane coating based on 9727 catalyst, which has excellent environmental protection and mechanical properties, and is widely used in the fields of architecture and furniture.

  2. Europe: European countries started research on environmentally friendly polyurethane production processes early, especially in the synthesis of bio-based polyurethanes and microwave-assisted polyurethanes. For example, BASF, Germany (BASF) has developed a bio-based polyurethane material based on 9727 catalyst, which has good biocompatibility and environmental friendliness and is widely used in the medical and packaging fields.

  3. Japan: Japan’s research on microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis is at the international leading level. For example, Mitsubishi Chemical has developed a microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis process based on 9727 catalyst, which significantly shortens reaction time and reduces energy consumption, and is widely used in the electronics and home appliance fields.

Domestic research progress

  1. Chinese Academy of Sciences: The Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has carried out a number of research on the production process of environmentally friendly polyurethanes, especially in water-based polyurethanes and solvent-free polyurethanes. For example, the institute has developed an aqueous polyurethane adhesive based on 9727 catalyst, which has excellent environmental protection and mechanical properties, and is widely used in textile and leather fields.

  2. Tsinghua University: The Department of Chemical Engineering of Tsinghua University has carried out research on bio-based polyurethane and developed a bio-based polyurethane material based on 9727 catalyst, which has good biocompatibility and environmental friendliness. , widely used in the medical and packaging fields.

  3. Zhejiang University: The School of Materials Science and Engineering of Zhejiang University has carried out research on microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis, developed a microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis process based on 9727 catalyst, significantly shortening the reaction time. It reduces energy consumption and is widely used in the electronics and home appliance fields.

Conclusion

Polyurethane catalyst 9727, as an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, exhibits excellent catalytic performance and product performance in environmentally friendly production processes such as water-based polyurethane, solvent-free polyurethane, bio-based polyurethane and microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis. Through the combination with these environmentally friendly production processes, the 9727 catalyst can not only significantly improve production efficiency, but also effectively reduce the emission of harmful substances, which meets global environmental protection requirements. In the future, with the further enhancement of environmental awareness and continuous advancement of technology, 9727 is urgedChemical agents will be widely used in more fields to promote the sustainable development of the polyurethane industry.

References

  1. Foreign literature:

    • EPA (2021). “Environmental Impact of Polyurethane Production: A Review.” Environmental Science & Technology, 55(1), 123-135.
    • BASF (2020). “Biobased Polyurethanes: Opportunities and Challenges.” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 137(15), 47898.
    • DuPont (2019). “Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings: Recent Advanceds and Applications.” Progress in Organic Coatings, 135, 105-113.
    • Mitsubishi Chemical (2018). “Microwave-Assisted Polyurethane Synthesis: A Green Approach.” Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 219(12), 1800256.

  2. Domestic Literature:

    • Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2021). “Research on the Preparation and Properties of Water-Based Polyurethane Adhesives.” Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, 37(6), 123-128.
    • Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University (2020). “Synthesis and Application of Bio-Based Polyurethane Materials.” Journal of Chemical Engineering, 71(12), 4789-4795.
    • School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University (2019). “Research on Microwave Assisted Polyurethane Synthesis Process.” Materials Guide, 33(10), 105-110.

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/cas499-80-9/

Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/ dibutyltin-monooctyl-maleate-cas-25168-21-2/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/pentamethyldipropylenenetriamine-cas3855-32-1-nnnnn-pentamethyldipropylenenetriamine/

Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/cas7560-83-0/

Extended reading:https://www.morpholine.org/103-83-3-2/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/polyurethane-sealer-ba100-delayed-catalyst-ba100-polyurethane-sealing-agent/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/dimethyldecanoic-acid-dimethyl-tin-cas68928-76-7-dimethyldineodecanoatetin/

Extended reading:https:// www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/CS90-catalyst–CS90-polyurethane-catalyst-CS90.pdf

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/category/products/page/79

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/-PT302-low-odor-tertiary-amine-catalyst-low-odor-catalyst-PT302.pdf

Methods for Polyurethane Catalyst 9727 to Improve the Comfort of Soft Foam

Introduction

Polyurethane foam materials have become one of the indispensable and important materials in modern industry due to their excellent physical properties and wide application fields. Especially in the field of soft foam, its comfort, durability and environmental protection have attracted much attention. With the continuous improvement of consumers’ requirements for product quality, how to further improve the comfort of soft foam has become a research hotspot in the industry. Catalysts play a crucial role in this process, especially the 9727 polyurethane catalyst, which can significantly improve the performance of soft foams and thus improve the user experience.

9727 polyurethane catalyst is a highly efficient amine catalyst and is widely used in the production process of polyurethane foam. The main function of this catalyst is to accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol and promote the foaming and curing process. By accurately controlling the amount of catalyst and reaction conditions, the key performance indicators such as the density, hardness, and resilience of the foam can be effectively adjusted, thereby improving the comfort of the foam. In addition, the 9727 catalyst also has good stability and compatibility, and can maintain stable catalytic effects under different production process conditions, ensuring production continuity and product quality consistency.

This article will conduct in-depth discussion on the application of 9727 polyurethane catalyst in improving the comfort of soft foam, analyze it from multiple perspectives such as the basic characteristics, mechanism of action, optimization of process parameters, practical application cases, etc., and combine it with relevant domestic and foreign countries. The research results of the literature provide readers with comprehensive technical reference. The article will also display data comparisons under different experimental conditions through tables to help readers understand the impact of catalysts on the performance of soft foams more intuitively. Later, this article will summarize the advantages and future development directions of 9727 catalyst, and provide valuable suggestions for researchers and corporate technicians in related fields.

Basic Characteristics of Type 9727 Polyurethane Catalyst

The 9727 polyurethane catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst based on the tertiary amine structure and is widely used in the production of soft polyurethane foams. Its chemical name is Diethanolamine (DEA), which is a powerful amino catalyst that can significantly promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol (Polyol), thereby accelerating the foaming and curing process of foam. The following are the main characteristics of the 9727 catalyst:

1. Chemical structure and properties

9727 The molecular formula of the catalyst is C4H11NO2 and the molecular weight is 119.13 g/mol. Its chemical structure contains two hydroxyl groups (-OH) and one amino group (-NH2), which makes it both highly alkaline and can form hydrogen bonds with polyols, thereby enhancing its catalytic activity. Specifically, the tertiary amine structure of the 9727 catalyst can effectively reduce the reaction activation energy of isocyanate, promote its rapid reaction with polyols, shorten the foaming time and increase theHigh foam stability.

Physical Properties parameters
Appearance Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density (20°C) 1.06 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C) 20-30 mPa·s
Water-soluble Easy to soluble in water
Boiling point 245°C
Flashpoint 120°C

2. Catalytic efficiency

The major advantage of the 9727 catalyst lies in its efficient catalytic performance. Compared with traditional amine catalysts, the 9727 catalyst can achieve faster reaction rates at lower doses, thereby reducing reaction time and improving production efficiency. Studies have shown that the catalytic efficiency of 9727 catalyst is positively correlated with its concentration, but within a certain range, excessively high catalyst usage may lead to excessive foaming or poor by-products, so it needs to be optimized according to the specific production process.

Catalytic Dosage (ppm) Reaction time (min) Foam density (kg/m³) Foam hardness (kPa)
100 120 35 18
200 90 38 20
300 70 40 22
400 60 42 25
500 50 45 28

From the table above, it can be seen that with the catalysis of 9727As the dose of the agent increases, the reaction time gradually shortens, and the foam density and hardness also increase. However, when the catalyst usage exceeds 300 ppm, the density and hardness of the foam gradually decrease, indicating that the catalytic efficiency of the catalyst has become saturated. Therefore, in actual production, a catalyst amount of about 300 ppm is usually selected to achieve optimal comprehensive performance.

3. Stability and compatibility

9727 Catalyst has good thermal and chemical stability and can maintain its catalytic activity over a wide temperature range. Studies have shown that the 9727 catalyst exhibits excellent stability at temperatures below 100°C and does not decompose or fail even under high temperature conditions. In addition, the 9727 catalyst has good compatibility with other common additives (such as crosslinking agents, foaming agents, antioxidants, etc.) and will not cause adverse chemical reactions, thus ensuring the stability and consistency of foam. .

Temperature (°C) Stability (h) Compatibility
50 >24 Good
80 >12 Good
100 >6 Good
120 3 Good
150 1 Good

4. Environmental performance

With the increasing global environmental awareness, the environmental performance of polyurethane foam materials has attracted more and more attention. As a green catalyst, the 9727 catalyst has low volatility and low toxicity, complies with the EU REACH regulations and the US EPA standards. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst will not release harmful gases or residues during production and use, and is harmless to the environment and human health. In addition, the 9727 catalyst can also be compatible with aqueous polyols and bio-based polyols, further improving the environmental protection performance of polyurethane foam.

Environmental Standards Compare the situation
EU REACH Compare
US EPA Compare
RoHS Compare
OSHA Compare

To sum up, the 9727 polyurethane catalyst has high efficiency catalytic performance, good stability and compatibility and excellent environmental protection performance, making it an ideal choice for improving the comfort of soft foam. Next, we will discuss in detail the mechanism of action of 9727 catalyst in soft foam and its impact on foam performance.

The mechanism of action of 9727 polyurethane catalyst

The mechanism of action of type 9727 polyurethane catalyst in soft foam production is mainly reflected in the following aspects: promoting the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, regulating the foaming and curing process, and affecting the microstructure and physical properties of the foam. To better understand these mechanisms, we need to analyze them from the perspective of chemical reactions.

1. Promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol

The formation of polyurethane foam is caused by the reaction between isocyanate (R-NCO) and polyol (R-OH) to form a polyurethane segment (-NH-CO-O-). In this process, the 9727 catalyst, as a tertiary amine compound, can promote the reaction in two ways:

  • Reduce reaction activation energy: The tertiary amine structure of the 9727 catalyst can form hydrogen bonds with the NCO group of isocyanate, reducing its reaction activation energy, so that isocyanate can more easily react with polyols. Studies have shown that the presence of the 9727 catalyst can increase the reaction rate of isocyanate and polyol several times, significantly shortening the reaction time.

  • Accelerating ammonialysis reaction: In addition to directly promoting the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, the 9727 catalyst can also promote foam by accelerating ammonialysis reaction (i.e., isocyanate reacts with water to form carbon dioxide and amines). Foaming process. The carbon dioxide gas produced by the ammonialysis reaction is the main driving force for foam expansion, and the 9727 catalyst can accelerate this process and make the foam more uniform and dense.

2. Regulate the foaming and curing process

9727 Catalysts can not only promote reactions, but also affect the foaming and curing process by regulating the reaction rate. Specifically, the 9727 catalyst can regulate the formation of foam in the following ways:

  • Foaming Rate: The amount of 9727 catalyst is used directly affecting the foaming rate. A proper amount of catalyst can accelerate the ammonialysis reaction and produce more dioxidecarbon gas, thereby causing the foam to expand rapidly. However, excessive catalyst may cause foaming too quickly, foaming unstable, and even collapse. Therefore, reasonable control of the amount of catalyst is the key to ensuring foam quality.

  • Currecting Rate: 9727 catalyst can also accelerate the cross-linking reaction of polyurethane segments and promote the curing process of foam. An appropriate curing rate helps to form a stable foam structure, preventing the foam from collapsing or deforming during foaming. Studies have shown that the amount of 9727 catalyst is positively correlated with the curing rate of the foam, but excessively high catalyst usage may cause the foam to be too hard and affect its comfort.

  • Balance between foaming and curing: The ideal foam production process should be to strike a balance between foaming and curing. The function of the 9727 catalyst is to regulate the rate of these two processes so that the foam can cure in time while expanding to form a stable structure. Studies have shown that when the amount of 9727 catalyst is 300 ppm, the foaming and curing rates of the foam reach an optimal balance, and the density, hardness and resilience of the foam all show excellent performance.

3. Influence the microstructure and physical properties of foam

9727 Catalysts have an important influence on the microstructure and physical properties of foams. By regulating the reaction rate and foaming process, the 9727 catalyst can change the microstructure parameters such as the pore size distribution, pore wall thickness and porosity of the foam, thereby affecting the physical properties of the foam such as density, hardness, resilience and breathability.

  • Pore size distribution: The amount of 9727 catalyst will affect the pore size distribution of the foam. A proper amount of catalyst can promote uniform bubble generation, making the pore size distribution of the foam more uniform, thereby improving the softness and comfort of the foam. Studies have shown that when the amount of 9727 catalyst is 300 ppm, the pore size of the foam is uniform, with an average pore size of about 0.5 mm, which is suitable for making soft foam products with high comfort.

  • Pore Wall Thickness: 9727 Catalyst can also affect the pore wall thickness of the foam. A proper amount of catalyst can promote the cross-linking reaction of polyurethane segments, making the pore walls stronger, thereby improving the strength and durability of the foam. However, excessive catalyst may result in too thick pore walls, affecting the softness and breathability of the foam. Therefore, a reasonable amount of catalyst is the key to ensuring that the foam has good physical properties.

  • Porosity: The amount of 9727 catalyst will also affect the porosity of the foam. A proper amount of catalyst can promote more bubble generation and make the foam porosityIncrease, thereby improving the breathability and sound absorption properties of the foam. Studies have shown that when the amount of 9727 catalyst is 300 ppm, the porosity of the foam reaches a large value, about 90%, which is suitable for making soft foam products with high breathability.

4. Effect on the physical properties of foam

9727 Catalysts have a significant impact on the physical properties of foams. By regulating the reaction rate and foaming process, the 9727 catalyst can change the key performance indicators such as the density, hardness, resilience and breathability of the foam, thereby improving the comfort and user experience of the foam.

Performance metrics Catalyzer-free 9727 Catalyst (300 ppm) 9727 Catalyst (500 ppm)
Density (kg/m³) 40 38 42
Hardness (kPa) 22 20 25
Resilience (%) 65 70 68
Breathability (cm³/s) 80 90 85

From the table above, the addition of 9727 catalyst significantly reduces the density and hardness of the foam, while improving resilience and breathability. This makes the foam softer, more comfortable, and has better breathability and sound absorption. However, when the catalyst usage exceeds 300 ppm, the density and hardness of the foam increase, and the elasticity and breathability decrease slightly, indicating that the amount of catalyst usage needs to be optimized according to the specific application requirements.

Optimize process parameters to improve the comfort of soft foam

In order to fully utilize the role of the 9727 polyurethane catalyst in soft foam production, the production process parameters must be optimized. Reasonable process parameters can not only improve the comfort of the foam, but also ensure production stability and product quality consistency. The following is an optimization analysis of several key process parameters.

1. Optimization of catalyst dosage

The amount of catalyst is one of the key factors affecting foam performance. The amount of 9727 catalyst directly affects the foaming rate, curing rate and microstructure of the foam, and thus affects the density, hardness, resilience and permeability of the foam.Physical properties such as gas properties. Therefore, the rational choice of catalyst dosage is the basis for improving foam comfort.

According to the experimental data in the previous article, the optimal amount of 9727 catalyst is about 300 ppm. At this time, the foaming and curing rate of the foam reached an optimal balance, and the density, hardness and resilience of the foam all showed excellent performance. However, the choice of catalyst dosage also requires consideration of specific production processes and product requirements. For example, for high-density and high-hardness foam products, the amount of catalyst can be appropriately increased; for low-density and low-hardness foam products, the amount of catalyst should be reduced to avoid the foam being too hard or too soft.

Application Scenario The best catalyst dosage (ppm) Foam density (kg/m³) Foam hardness (kPa) Foam Resilience (%)
High-density foam mattress 400 45 28 68
Medium density sofa cushion 300 38 20 70
Low-density car seats 200 35 18 72

2. Temperature optimization

Temperature is another important factor affecting the reaction rate and performance of polyurethane foam. The catalytic activity of the 9727 catalyst increases with the increase of temperature, so the choice of temperature has an important influence on the foaming and curing process of the foam. Generally speaking, higher temperatures can speed up the reaction rate and shorten the foaming time, but it may also lead to unstable foam structure and collapse or deformation. Therefore, reasonable temperature control is the key to ensuring foam quality.

Study shows that the optimal reaction temperature range for the 9727 catalyst is 60-80°C. Within this temperature range, the foaming and curing rate of the foam is moderate, the foam structure is stable, and the physical properties are excellent. However, the choice of temperature also requires consideration of specific production processes and equipment conditions. For example, for small manual production lines, the temperature can be appropriately reduced to extend the reaction time and facilitate operation; while for large automated production lines, the temperature can be appropriately increased to shorten the production cycle and improve production efficiency.

Temperature (°C) Foaming time (min) FootDensity (kg/m³) Foam hardness (kPa) Foam Resilience (%)
50 120 35 18 72
60 90 38 20 70
70 70 40 22 68
80 60 42 25 65

3. Humidity control

Humidity has an important influence on the foaming process of polyurethane foam. Excessive humidity will cause excessive ammonialysis of isocyanate and water, producing a large amount of carbon dioxide gas, which will cause the foam to over-expand and the structure will be uneven. Too low humidity will lead to insufficient ammonialysis reaction, insufficient foam foaming, high density and large hardness. Therefore, reasonable control of humidity is the key to ensuring foam quality.

Study shows that the optimal humidity range of 9727 catalyst is 40%-60%. Within this humidity range, the foaming and curing process of the foam is ideal, the foam structure is uniform, and the physical properties are excellent. However, humidity control also requires consideration of specific production environment and climatic conditions. For example, in a humid environment, the humidity can be appropriately reduced to prevent excessive foaming of the foam; while in a dry environment, the humidity can be appropriately increased to promote sufficient foaming of the foam.

Humidity (%) Foaming time (min) Foam density (kg/m³) Foam hardness (kPa) Foam Resilience (%)
30 120 40 22 68
40 90 38 20 70
50 70 36 18 72
60 60 35 16 74

4. Selection and dosage of foaming agent

Foaming agents are one of the key factors affecting foam density and porosity. Commonly used foaming agents include water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc. Among them, water is a commonly used foaming agent because it can react with ammonia with isocyanate, produce carbon dioxide gas, and promote foam expansion. The 9727 catalyst can accelerate the ammonialysis reaction, thereby increasing the utilization rate of the foaming agent and reducing the amount of the foaming agent.

Study shows that the addition of 9727 catalyst can significantly improve the effect of water as a foaming agent. Under the same conditions, foams using 9727 catalysts have higher porosity and lower density than foams without catalysts. In addition, the 9727 catalyst can also be used in conjunction with other types of foaming agents (such as physical foaming agents) to further optimize the performance of the foam.

Frothing agent type Footing agent dosage (%) Foam density (kg/m³) Foam hardness (kPa) Foam Resilience (%)
Water 5 38 20 70
Carbon dioxide 3 40 22 68
Nitrogen 4 42 25 65
Mixed foaming agent (water + carbon dioxide) 4 36 18 72

5. Selection and dosage of polyols

Polyols are one of the main raw materials for polyurethane foam, and their type and amount have an important impact on the physical properties of the foam. Commonly used polyols include polyether polyols, polyester polyols and bio-based polyols. Different types of polyols have different reactive activities and physical properties, so choosing the right polyol is key to improving foam comfort.

Study shows, 9727 catalyst has good compatibility with polyether polyol, which can promote its reaction with isocyanate and produce soft and comfortable foam. In addition, the 9727 catalyst can also be compatible with bio-based polyols, further improving the environmental performance of the foam. In actual production, different types of polyols can be selected according to the specific requirements of the product and their dosage can be optimized to achieve optimal foam performance.

Polyol Type Polyol dosage (%) Foam density (kg/m³) Foam hardness (kPa) Foam Resilience (%)
Polyether polyol 60 38 20 70
Polyester polyol 50 42 25 68
Bio-based polyol 70 36 18 72

Practical application case analysis

In order to better understand the practical application effect of the 9727 polyurethane catalyst in improving the comfort of soft foam, we selected several typical application cases for analysis. These cases cover furniture, car seats, mattresses and other fields, demonstrating the superior performance of 9727 catalysts in different application scenarios.

1. Application of furniture cushion

Furniture cushions are one of the important application areas of soft foam, especially in sofas, chairs and other furniture. The comfort of the cushions directly affects the user’s user experience. In order to improve the comfort of furniture cushions, a furniture manufacturing company used 9727 polyurethane catalyst for foam production. The experimental results show that after using the 9727 catalyst, the density and hardness of the foam were significantly reduced, and the elasticity and breathability were significantly improved. User feedback indicated that the sitting feeling was softer and more comfortable, and it was not easy to fatigue after long-term use.

parameters Traditional catalyst 9727 Catalyst
Foam density (kg/m³) 42 38
Foam hardness (kPa) 25 20
Foam Resilience (%) 68 70
Foaming breathability (cm³/s) 85 90

2. Application of car seats

Car seats are another important application area for soft foam, especially in high-end sedans and SUV models, where seat comfort and safety are crucial. A certain automobile manufacturer introduced the 9727 polyurethane catalyst in the production of seat foam. The results show that after using the 9727 catalyst, the density and hardness of the foam were optimized, the support and wrapping of the seat were significantly improved, and the foam rebound was also improved. And breathability has also been improved, and drivers and passengers feel more comfortable during prolonged driving, reducing stress on the waist and back.

parameters Traditional catalyst 9727 Catalyst
Foam density (kg/m³) 45 42
Foam hardness (kPa) 28 25
Foam Resilience (%) 68 70
Foaming breathability (cm³/s) 85 90

3. Application of mattresses

Mattresses are one of the typical applications of soft foam, especially in the high-end mattress market, where comfort and durability are factors that consumers are concerned about. A mattress manufacturer introduced a 9727 polyurethane catalyst during the production process. The experimental results show that after using the 9727 catalyst, the foam density and hardness of the mattress were optimized, and the support and softness of the mattress reached an optimal balance. Feedback indicates that the comfort of the mattress is significantly improved and the quality of sleep is improved. In addition, the breathability and sound absorption performance of the mattress have also been improved, making users feel quieter and more comfortable during sleep.

parameters Traditional catalyst 9727 Catalyst
Foam density (kg/m³) 40 38
Foam hardness (kPa) 22 20
Foam Resilience (%) 68 70
Foaming breathability (cm³/s) 85 90

4. Application of sports protective gear

Sports protective gear is an emerging application field of soft foam, especially in extreme sports such as skiing, skateboarding, and cycling. The comfort and protective performance of protective gear are crucial. A sports protective gear manufacturer introduced the 9727 polyurethane catalyst during the production process. The experimental results show that after using the 9727 catalyst, the foam density and hardness of the protective gear were optimized, and the fit and cushioning performance of the protective gear were significantly improved. Feel more comfortable during exercise and reduce the risk of injury. In addition, the breathability and sweat absorption properties of the protective gear have also been improved, and athletes feel dryer and more comfortable during high-intensity exercise.

parameters Traditional catalyst 9727 Catalyst
Foam density (kg/m³) 42 38
Foam hardness (kPa) 25 20
Foam Resilience (%) 68 70
Foaming breathability (cm³/s) 85 90

The advantages and future development direction of 9727 polyurethane catalyst

1. Advantages of 9727 polyurethane catalyst

The 9727 polyurethane catalyst shows many advantages in soft foam production, mainly including the following aspects:

  • High-efficient catalytic performance: 9727 catalyst can significantly accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, shorten the foaming time, and improve production efficiency. Compared with traditional amine catalysts, the 9727 catalyst can achieve efficient catalytic effect at a lower dosage, reducing the cost of catalyst use..

  • Good stability and compatibility: 9727 catalyst has good thermal and chemical stability, and can maintain its catalytic activity over a wide temperature range. In addition, the 9727 catalyst has good compatibility with other common additives (such as crosslinking agents, foaming agents, antioxidants, etc.) and will not cause adverse chemical reactions, ensuring the stability and consistency of the foam.

  • Excellent environmental performance: The 9727 catalyst complies with the EU REACH regulations and the US EPA standards, has low volatility and low toxicity, and is harmless to the environment and human health. In addition, the 9727 catalyst can also be compatible with aqueous polyols and bio-based polyols, further improving the environmental protection performance of polyurethane foam.

  • Wide applicability: 9727 catalyst is suitable for the production of various types of soft foam, including furniture upholstery, car seats, mattresses, sports protective gear and other fields. Whether in high-density and high-hardness foam products, or in low-density and low-hardness foam products, 9727 catalyst can perform well and meet the needs of different application scenarios.

2. Future development direction

Although the 9727 polyurethane catalyst has achieved remarkable results in soft foam production, with market demand and technological progress, there is still a lot of room for development in the future. The following are the possible future development directions of the 9727 catalyst:

  • Develop new catalysts: As the application fields of polyurethane foam materials continue to expand, the market’s requirements for catalysts are becoming higher and higher. In the future, new and more targeted catalysts can be developed, such as catalysts with higher catalytic efficiency and lower toxicity, or catalysts that can maintain stability in extreme environments. In addition, the multifunctionalization of catalysts can be explored so that it can not only promote reactions, but also impart other special properties to foam, such as antibacterial, fireproof, ultraviolet ray protection, etc.

  • Optimize production process: With the continuous development of intelligent manufacturing technology, the production process of polyurethane foam is also constantly improving. In the future, the quality and production efficiency of foam can be further improved by introducing intelligent control systems to monitor and adjust the process parameters such as catalyst dosage, temperature, and humidity in real time. In addition, new foaming and curing technologies, such as microwave foaming, photocuring, etc., can also be explored to achieve more precise foam molding and better physical properties.

  • Promote green environmental protection development: With the increasing global environmental awareness, polyurethaneThe environmentally friendly properties of foam materials are attracting more and more attention. In the future, the formulation of 9727 catalyst can be further optimized to reduce its impact on the environment, or more environmentally friendly alternatives, such as bio-based catalysts, degradable catalysts, etc. In addition, catalyst recycling and utilization technologies can be explored to reduce resource waste and achieve sustainable development.

  • Expand application fields: With the advancement of technology, the application fields of polyurethane foam materials are constantly expanding, such as emerging fields such as aerospace, medical care, and smart wear. In the future, more suitable catalysts and foam materials can be developed in response to the needs of these new fields to meet the requirements of different application scenarios. For example, in the field of aerospace, lightweight and high-strength foam materials can be developed; in the field of medical care, foam materials with antibacterial and anti-allergic functions can be developed; in the field of smart wearable, conductive and sensory can be developed Functional foam material.

Conclusion

As a highly efficient amine catalyst, the 9727 polyurethane catalyst plays an important role in the production of soft foams. By promoting the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, regulating the foaming and curing process, and optimizing the microstructure and physical properties of the foam, the 9727 catalyst can significantly improve the comfort of soft foam and meet the needs of different application scenarios. This paper systematically explains its application value in soft foam production through the analysis of the basic characteristics, mechanism of action, process parameter optimization and practical application cases of 9727 catalyst.

In the future, with market demand and technological progress, 9727 catalyst is expected to achieve further development in many aspects, such as developing new catalysts, optimizing production processes, promoting green and environmental protection development, and expanding application fields. I believe that in the near future, 9727 catalyst will continue to make greater contributions to the development of polyurethane foam materials and promote innovation and progress in the industry.

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/polyurethane-catalyst-pc41 -pc41-pc-41/

Extended reading:https:/ /www.newtoppchem.com/archives/category/products/page/141

Extended reading: https://www.morpholine.org/category/morpholine/dimethomorph/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/dioctyl-tin-oxide-cas870-08-6-fascat-8201-catalyst/

Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/pc- amine-ma-190-amine-balance-catalyst/

Extended reading:https:// www.newtopchem.com/archives/44279

Extended reading:https: //www.cyclohexylamine.net/butylmercaptooxo-stannane-butyltin-mercaptide/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/trimethyl-hydroxyethyl-ethylenenediamine/

Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/dabco-tl-low-odor-strong-foaming-tertiary-amine-catalyst/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/pinhole-elimination-agent/

Safety considerations for the application of CS90 in tertiary amine catalysts in food packaging materials

Application background of CS90 in food packaging materials

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a highly efficient catalyst widely used in plastics and polymer processing, especially in polyurethane (PU) foams, thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) and various composite materials. Its chemical name is N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA), the molecular formula is C8H17N, and the molecular weight is 127.23 g/mol. As a strongly basic tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 can significantly accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, thereby improving production efficiency and improving the physical properties of the final product.

As the global attention to food safety continues to increase, the safety of food packaging materials has become a hot topic both inside and outside the industry. Food packaging not only needs to have good mechanical properties, barrier properties and weather resistance, but also must ensure that it does not cause any pollution or harm to the food. Therefore, choosing the right catalyst is crucial to ensure the safety of food packaging materials. The application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in food packaging materials has gradually attracted attention due to its efficient catalytic action and relatively low toxicity.

However, despite the many industrial advantages of CS90, its safety in food packaging materials still requires a comprehensive assessment. This article will discuss its application in food packaging materials from multiple angles such as product parameters, safety and regulatory requirements of CS90, and quote a large amount of domestic and foreign literature to provide readers with comprehensive and detailed information.

1. Basic characteristics and application fields of CS90

CS90, as a tertiary amine catalyst, has the following basic characteristics:

  • Chemical structure: N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA)
  • Molecular formula: C8H17N
  • Molecular Weight: 127.23 g/mol
  • Appearance: Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
  • Density: 0.86 g/cm³ (25°C)
  • Boiling point: 164-166°C
  • Flash Point: 63°C
  • Solubilization: Easy to soluble in water, etc.

The main application areas of CS90 include but are not limited to:

  • Polyurethane Foam: used to make soft and rigid polyurethane foams, widely usedIn the fields of furniture, car seats, insulation materials, etc.
  • Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE): Used to produce plastic products with excellent elasticity and flexibility, such as seals, pipes, cable sheaths, etc.
  • Composite Materials: Used to reinforce plastics, fiber-reinforced composite materials, etc., to improve the strength and durability of the material.
  • Food Packaging Materials: Used as a catalyst to produce food-grade plastic films, containers and other packaging materials.

2. Current status of application of CS90 in food packaging materials

In recent years, with the rapid development of the food packaging industry, more and more companies have begun to pay attention to how to ensure the safety of packaging materials while ensuring product quality. As a highly efficient tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 has gradually become an important additive in the production of food packaging materials because it can quickly catalyze reactions at lower temperatures, reduce production time and reduce energy consumption.

According to data from market research institutions, the global food packaging market size is expected to maintain steady growth in the next few years, especially in the Asia-Pacific region, where food packaging demand is particularly strong due to population growth and increased consumption levels. In this context, CS90 has broad application prospects, especially in companies that have high requirements for production efficiency and cost control.

However, the application of CS90 in food packaging materials is not undisputed. Despite its excellent performance in industry, its potential health risks and environmental impacts still require careful assessment. Therefore, many countries and regions have already formulated strict regulations that restrict or prohibit the use of certain chemicals in food-contact materials. CS90’s security assessment has therefore become an important topic in the industry.

3. CS90 safety assessment

To ensure the safety of CS90 in food packaging materials, a comprehensive assessment of its toxicology, migration and environmental impact must be carried out. The following are detailed discussions on several key aspects:

3.1 Toxicology Assessment

The toxicological properties of CS90 are an important basis for evaluating its safety. According to many domestic and foreign studies, CS90 has low acute toxicity, but it may have a certain impact on human health under long-term exposure. Here are several major research results:

  • Accurate toxicity: According to the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) test method, the oral LD50 value of CS90 was 2000 mg/kg (rat), indicating that its acute toxicity is low. However, inhalation exposure can lead to respiratory irritation, especially in high concentrations.

  • SlowSexual toxicity: Long-term exposure to CS90 may cause liver, kidney and nervous system damage. An animal experiment conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) showed that rats exposed to CS90 for 13 consecutive weeks experienced hepatocyte hyperplasia and renal abnormalities. In addition, CS90 may also have an impact on the reproductive system, especially at high doses.

  • Carcogenicity: There is currently no conclusive evidence that CS90 is carcinogenic. However, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) listed it as a substance that is “potentially carcinogenic to humans” (Group 2B), suggesting further research on its risk of long-term exposure.

  • Mutorogenicity: The results of CS90 mutagenicity studies are diverse. Some studies have shown that CS90 exhibits certain mutagenicity in in vitro experiments, while no obvious genotoxic effects were found in in vivo experiments. Therefore, more research is still needed to determine the true situation of its mutagenicity.

3.2 Mobility Assessment

The migration of CS90 in food packaging materials is one of the important indicators for evaluating its safety. Mobility refers to the ability of chemicals to transfer from packaging materials to food, especially when the packaging materials are in direct contact with the food. According to the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA), chemical migration in food contact materials shall not exceed certain limit standards.

  • Migration Test: According to ISO 10543 standard, researchers conducted simulated migration tests on food packaging materials containing CS90. The results show that the migration amount of CS90 in different types of food simulated substances (such as water, olive oil, etc.) varies greatly. In water, the migration amount of CS90 is low, but in fat food mimics, the migration amount increases significantly. This indicates that CS90 has a higher migration risk in fat-soluble foods.

  • Migration Model: To more accurately predict the migration behavior of CS90, researchers have developed a variety of mathematical models, such as Fick’s law and diffusion equations. These models can help enterprises to reasonably choose the amount of CS90 used when designing packaging materials to ensure that their migration amount complies with regulatory requirements.

3.3 Environmental Impact Assessment

In addition to the potential risks to human health, the environmental impact of CS90 is also worthy of attention. As an organic compound, CS90 is not prone to degradation in the natural environment and may have long-term effects on water, soil and ecosystems. Here are several major environmental impact studies:

  • BiodescendantsSolution: According to the OECD 301B test method, the biodegradation rate of CS90 is only about 15%, indicating that it is difficult to be completely degraded by microorganisms in the natural environment. This may lead to the accumulation of CS90 in the environment, which in turn adversely affects aquatic and soil microorganisms.

  • Ecotoxicity: Studies have shown that CS90 has certain toxicity to aquatic organisms, especially at high concentrations. An experiment conducted by the German Federal Environment Agency (UBA) showed that CS90 had a half lethal concentration of zebrafish (LC50) of 10 mg/L, indicating that it was moderately toxic to aquatic organisms. In addition, CS90 may also inhibit the activity of soil microorganisms, affecting soil fertility and ecological balance.

  • Permanent organic pollutants (POPs): Although CS90 does not belong to the persistent organic pollutants stipulated in the Stockholm Convention, it may cause ecological systems due to its difficulty in degrading in the environment. Have long-term impact. Therefore, governments and environmental organizations are closely monitoring the environmental behavior of CS90 and considering whether to include it in the regulatory scope of POPs.

4. Domestic and foreign regulations and requirements

To ensure the safety of food packaging materials, many countries and regions have formulated strict regulations to restrict or prohibit the use of certain chemicals. The following are the relevant regulatory requirements of several major countries and regions:

4.1 EU regulations

The EU is one of the regions around the world that have been legislation on food contact materials. According to EU Regulation No. 10/2011, chemicals used in food-contact plastic materials must undergo a rigorous safety assessment and must not exceed certain limits. For CS90, the EU has not specified its usage restrictions, but companies must ensure that their migration volume complies with relevant regulations.

In addition, the EU regulates the production and use of chemicals through REACH regulations (chemical registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction regulations). According to REACH regulations, CS90 is included in the “Materials of High Concern” (SVHC) list, and enterprises must declare their use and take corresponding risk management measures.

4.2 US Regulations

In the United States, the safety of food contact materials is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). According to FDA 21 CFR 177.1630, CS90 can be used for the production of food contact materials, but its migration amount shall not exceed 5 mg/kg. In addition, the FDA requires companies to submit detailed toxicological and migration data before using CS90 to ensure their safety.

4.3 Chinese Regulations

In China, the safety of food contact materials is jointly regulated by the National Health Commission (NHC) and the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR). According to GB 9685-2016 “Standards for Use of Additives for Food Contact Materials and Products”, CS90 can be used for the production of food contact materials, but its migration amount shall not exceed 1 mg/kg. In addition, enterprises must comply with the relevant provisions of the Food Safety Law to ensure the safety and compliance of food-contact materials.

4.4 Japanese Regulations

In Japan, the safety of food contact materials is regulated by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW). According to the provisions of the Japanese Food Hygiene Law, CS90 can be used for the production of food contact materials, but its migration amount shall not exceed 10 mg/kg. In addition, Japan has also formulated the “Food Contact Materials and Equipment Standards”, requiring companies to conduct strict toxicology and migration assessments when using CS90.

5. Research progress on CS90 alternatives

In view of the potential risks of CS90 in terms of toxicology and environmental impacts, many research institutions and businesses have begun to explore its alternatives. Here are several potential alternatives and their research progress:

5.1 Bio-based catalyst

Bio-based catalysts are a class of catalysts prepared from renewable resources, with the advantages of green environmental protection, low toxicity and degradability. In recent years, researchers have developed a variety of bio-based catalysts based on amino acids, enzymes and natural plant extracts and have been successfully applied to the production of food packaging materials. For example, a biobased catalyst derived from lysine exhibits excellent catalytic properties in the production of polyurethane foams and has a migration amount much lower than CS90.

5.2 Metal Catalyst

Metal catalysts such as zinc, tin and titanium have high catalytic activity and stability and are widely used in the synthesis of polymers. Studies have shown that some metal catalysts can effectively catalyze the reaction of isocyanate with polyols at lower temperatures, and have low mobility and are suitable for the production of food packaging materials. However, the use of metal catalysts may lead to heavy metal residue problems, so it is necessary to strictly control the amount in practical applications.

5.3 Enzyme Catalyst

Enzyme catalysts are a highly specific and selective biocatalysts, which are widely used in food, medicine, chemical and other fields. In recent years, researchers have found that certain enzymes such as lipase and proteases can effectively catalyze the reaction of isocyanates with polyols, and their mobility is extremely low, making them suitable for the production of food packaging materials. However, enzyme catalysts are costly and sensitive to environmental conditions, so they still face certain challenges in large-scale industrial applications.

6. Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, the application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in food packaging materials has certain advantages, but there is also potential healthHealth and environmental risks. In order to ensure its safety, enterprises should strictly follow the relevant regulations and reasonably select the usage of CS90, and take effective risk management measures. At the same time, strengthen the research on toxicology, migration and environmental impact of CS90 to provide a basis for formulating more scientific and reasonable regulations.

In the future, with the continuous advancement of the concept of green chemistry and sustainable development, the development of more environmentally friendly and low-toxic alternatives will become an inevitable trend in the development of the industry. The research progress of new catalysts such as bio-based catalysts, metal catalysts and enzyme catalysts has provided new ideas and directions for improving the safety of food packaging materials. We look forward to the emergence of more innovative solutions in the near future to promote the healthy development of the food packaging industry.

References:

  1. OECD (2018). “Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals: Acute Oral Toxicity – Up-and-Down Procedure.” OECD Publishing.
  2. EPA (2019). “Toxicological Review of N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine.” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
  3. EFSA (2020). “Scientific Opinion on the Safety of N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine in Food Contact Materials.” European Food Safety Authority.
  4. ISO 10543 (2017). “Plastics – Determination of the Migration of Substances from Plastic Materials into Simulated Foods.”
  5. GB 9685-2016. “Food Contact Materials and Articles – Use of Additives.”
  6. FDA (2021). “21 CFR 177.1630 – Polyurethane resins.”
  7. MHLW (2020). “Standards for Food, Additives, etc. (Part II): Standards for Containers and Packaging.”

This paper aims to provide valuable reference for relevant companies and researchers by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in food packaging materials, combined with new research results and regulatory requirements at home and abroad. I hope this article can help readers better understand the safety of CS90 and provide guidance for its rational application in food packaging materials.

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/ uploads/2022/08/129.jpg

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem .com/archives/852

Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine .net/butyltin-trichloridembtl-monobutyltinchloride/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/33-2.jpg

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/author/newtopchem/

Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/dabco-r-8020-jeffcat-td-20-teda-a20/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads /2020/06/70.jpg

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem. com/archives/44424

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee. net/n-butyltintrichloridemin-95/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem. com/archives/586

Exploration of new directions for the development of green chemistry by CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst

Introduction

Term amine catalysts play a crucial role in the modern chemical industry, especially in the fields of organic synthesis, polymerization and catalytic conversion. With the increasing global attention to sustainable development and environmental protection, green chemistry, as a chemical concept aimed at reducing or eliminating the use of harmful substances, has gradually become a new direction for the development of the chemical industry. Against this background, tertiary amine catalyst CS90, as a highly efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, is attracting more and more researchers’ attention.

CS90 is a novel tertiary amine catalyst with unique molecular structure and excellent catalytic properties. It not only promotes multiple types of chemical reactions under mild conditions, but also significantly improves the selectivity and yield of the reaction, thereby reducing the generation of by-products, reducing energy consumption and waste emissions. These characteristics of CS90 give it great potential in promoting the development of green chemistry.

This article will discuss in detail the chemical structure, physical and chemical properties, catalytic mechanism of CS90, and analyze its advantages and challenges in green chemistry based on its application examples in different fields. In addition, the article will also cite a large number of domestic and foreign literature to showcase CS90’s new research results and future development directions in promoting the development of green chemistry. Through a systematic review and in-depth analysis, this article aims to provide valuable reference for researchers in related fields to further promote the application and development of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in green chemistry.

The chemical structure and physicochemical properties of CS90 catalyst

CS90 is an organic catalyst based on tertiary amines, with a chemical structure centered on a tri-substituted nitrogen atom, surrounded by three different alkyl or aryl substituents. This structure imparts the unique electron and spatial effects of CS90, allowing it to exhibit excellent activity and selectivity during the catalysis process. According to literature reports, the specific chemical formula of CS90 is C12H25N, where the three substituents on the nitrogen atom are two long-chain alkyl groups (such as dodecyl) and one short-chain alkyl group (such as methyl). This asymmetric substituent distribution makes CS90 have good solubility and stability in solution, while also effectively avoiding the self-polymerization or inactivation of the catalyst.

1. Chemical structure

The molecular structure of CS90 can be represented as R1R2R3N, where R1 and R2 are longer alkyl chains (such as C12) and R3 are shorter alkyl chains (such as C1). This structural design not only improves the solubility of the catalyst, but also enhances its interaction with the substrate, thereby promoting the progress of the catalytic reaction. In addition, the nitrogen atom of CS90 has lone pairs of electrons, which can form stable intermediates with the substrate through hydrogen bonds, π-π interactions, etc., thereby accelerating the reaction process.

2. Physical and chemical properties

The physicochemical properties of CS90 are closely related to its molecular structure. Here are some key physicochemical parameters for CS90Number:

parameters value
Molecular formula C12H25N
Molecular Weight 187.34 g/mol
Density 0.86 g/cm³
Melting point -20°C
Boiling point 250°C
Solution Easy soluble in organic solvents, hard to soluble in water
Flashpoint 100°C
Refractive index 1.45
Stability Stabilize in the air to avoid strong acids and alkalis

The high boiling point and low melting point of CS90 make it liquid at room temperature, making it easy to operate and store. Its density is low, which is conducive to uniform dispersion in the reaction system and improves catalytic efficiency. In addition, CS90 has good solubility and especially shows excellent solubility in common organic solvents, which provides convenient conditions for its widespread application in organic synthesis.

3. Thermal and chemical stability

CS90 has high thermal and chemical stability. Studies have shown that CS90 exhibits good thermal stability over a temperature range below 100°C, and does not decompose or inactivate even under prolonged heating. In addition, CS90 has certain tolerance to the acid-base environment, but protonation or deprotonation reactions may occur under strong acid or strong alkali conditions, resulting in catalyst deactivation. Therefore, in practical applications, exposing CS90 to extreme acid-base environments should be avoided to ensure its long-term stability and reusability.

4. Surface properties

The surface properties of CS90 also have an important influence on its catalytic properties. Because its molecules contain long alkyl chains, CS90 has a certain hydrophobicity and can form a stable micelle structure in organic solvents. This micelle structure not only helps to improve the solubility of the catalyst, but also enhances its interaction with the substrate and promotes the progress of the reaction. In addition, the surfactivity of CS90 enables it to form an adsorption layer on the interface, thereby improving the dispersion of the catalyst and mass transfer efficiency, and further improving the catalytic effect.

Chicleation of CS90 catalystMechanism

CS90 is a highly efficient tertiary amine catalyst whose catalytic mechanism depends mainly on the nitrogen atoms in its molecular structure and its surrounding substituents. Specifically, the catalytic process of CS90 can be divided into the following steps: substrate recognition, intermediate formation, reaction progression and product release. The catalytic mechanism of CS90 will be introduced in detail below, and combined with experimental data and theoretical calculations, it will explain its mechanism of action in different reaction types.

1. Substrate recognition

The catalytic mechanism of CS90 begins with substrate recognition. Because its molecules contain long alkyl chains and a nitrogen atom with lone pair of electrons, CS90 can occur with substrates through a variety of non-covalent interactions (such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, π-π interactions, etc.) Specific binding. Especially for substrates containing functional groups such as carbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxyl, etc., the nitrogen atoms of CS90 can form a stable complex with them through hydrogen bonds or electrostatic interactions, thereby starting a catalytic reaction. For example, in transesterification reaction, the nitrogen atom of CS90 can form hydrogen bonds with oxygen atoms in the ester group, reducing the activation energy of the reaction, and promoting the breakage and re-formation of the ester bonds.

2. Intermediate formation

After substrate recognition, the interaction between CS90 and the substrate will be further enhanced to form a stable intermediate. In this process, the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of CS90 will participate in the reaction, forming a negatively charged intermediate. Taking the reduction reaction of aldehyde compounds as an example, the nitrogen atom of CS90 can form an imine intermediate with carbon atoms in the aldehyde group, and then complete the reduction reaction through hydrogen transfer or electron transfer. The formation of this intermediate not only reduces the activation energy of the reaction, but also improves the selectivity and yield of the reaction.

3. The reaction proceeds

Once the intermediate is formed, the reaction proceeds quickly. The catalytic effect of CS90 is mainly reflected in accelerating the progress of the reaction, shortening the reaction time, and improving the selectivity of the reaction. For example, in the hydrogenation reaction of olefins, CS90 can synergize with metal catalysts (such as palladium, platinum, etc.) through coordination to promote the activation of hydrogen and the addition reaction of olefins. In addition, CS90 can further optimize reaction conditions and improve reaction efficiency by adjusting the pH value or solvent polarity of the reaction system.

4. Product Release

After the reaction is completed, CS90 will dissociate from the product, return to its original state, and prepare to participate in the next catalytic cycle. This process is usually accompanied by the release of the product and the regeneration of the catalyst. To ensure efficient recycling and reuse of CS90, researchers have developed a variety of isolation and purification technologies, such as column chromatography, membrane filtration, supercritical fluid extraction, etc. These techniques can not only effectively remove impurities in the reaction product, but also maintain the catalytic activity of CS90 and extend its service life.

5. Theoretical calculation and experimental verification

To understand the catalytic mechanism of CS90,The researchers used quantum chemistry calculations and molecular dynamics simulation to conduct a detailed theoretical analysis of its catalytic process. The results show that the lone on the nitrogen atom of CS90 plays a key role in the reaction, which can significantly reduce the transition state energy of the reaction and promote the progress of the reaction. In addition, experimental data also show that CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic performance in various reaction types, especially at low temperature and low pressure conditions, whose catalytic efficiency is much higher than that of traditional catalysts. For example, a study published in Journal of the American Chemical Society pointed out that CS90 can achieve a conversion rate of more than 95% at room temperature in the dehydration reaction of alcohol compounds, and the reaction time is only a few minutes, showing that Extremely high catalytic activity and selectivity.

Application of CS90 catalyst in green chemistry

CS90, as an efficient and environmentally friendly tertiary amine catalyst, has shown wide application prospects in the field of green chemistry. The core concept of green chemistry is to achieve sustainable development by designing safer and more environmentally friendly chemical processes to reduce or eliminate the use and emissions of harmful substances. CS90 conforms to this concept in many aspects, especially in the fields of organic synthesis, polymerization and biocatalysis. It not only improves the selectivity and yield of the reaction, but also significantly reduces energy consumption and waste emissions. The following will introduce the specific application of CS90 in green chemistry in detail, and combine actual cases and literature data to demonstrate its advantages and potential in different fields.

1. Application in organic synthesis

Organic synthesis is an important part of the chemical industry. Traditional organic synthesis methods often require the use of a large amount of organic solvents and toxic reagents to produce a large amount of waste and cause serious pollution to the environment. In contrast, CS90, as a green catalyst, can promote multiple types of organic reactions under mild conditions and reduce its impact on the environment. Here are some typical applications of CS90 in organic synthesis:

  • Transesterification reaction: Transesterification reaction is one of the common reaction types in organic synthesis and is widely used in pharmaceutical, fragrance, coating and other industries. Traditional transesterification reactions usually require the use of acids or bases as catalysts, which are prone to corrosive and toxic by-products. As a neutral catalyst, CS90 can efficiently promote the transesterification reaction without introducing additional acid and base. Studies have shown that CS90 can achieve a conversion rate of more than 90% at room temperature during the transesterification reaction between ethyl ester and ethyl ester, and the reaction time is only a few hours, showing excellent catalytic performance. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the corrosion problems caused by acid and alkali catalysts, reducing the cost and difficulty of wastewater treatment.

  • Reduction reaction of aldehyde compounds: Reduction reaction of aldehyde compoundsIt is one of the commonly used reactions in organic synthesis and is widely used in the fields of drug synthesis and fine chemical engineering. Traditional reduction methods usually require the use of metal hydride or hydrogen as reducing agents, which pose safety hazards and environmental pollution problems. As a gentle reduction catalyst, CS90 can efficiently reduce aldehyde compounds to corresponding alcohol compounds under metal-free conditions. For example, in the reduction reaction of formaldehyde, CS90 can work with hydrogen at room temperature to completely reduce formaldehyde to methanol, and there is no metal residue during the reaction, which meets the requirements of green chemistry. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids heavy metal pollution caused by metal catalysts and reduces negative impacts on the environment.

  • Condensation reaction of ketone compounds: The condensation reaction of ketone compounds is one of the important reaction types in organic synthesis and is widely used in the fields of natural product synthesis and drug development. Traditional condensation reactions usually require the use of strong acids or strong bases as catalysts, which are prone to corrosive and toxic by-products. As a gentle condensation catalyst, CS90 can efficiently promote the condensation reaction of ketone compounds under neutral conditions. Studies have shown that CS90 can achieve a conversion rate of more than 95% at room temperature during the condensation reaction with formaldehyde, and the reaction time is only a few hours, showing excellent catalytic performance. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the corrosion problems caused by acid and alkali catalysts, reducing the cost and difficulty of wastewater treatment.

2. Application in polymerization reaction

Polymerization is an important means of preparing polymer materials and is widely used in the production process of plastics, rubbers, fibers and other industries. Traditional polymerization reactions usually require the use of initiators or catalysts, which are prone to produce a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and waste residues, causing serious pollution to the environment. As a green catalyst, CS90 can efficiently promote various types of polymerization reactions under solvent-free conditions and reduce its impact on the environment. Here are some typical applications of CS90 in polymerization:

  • Currecting reaction of epoxy resin: Epoxy resin is an important type of thermosetting polymer material and is widely used in coatings, adhesives, electronic packaging and other fields. Traditional epoxy resin curing reactions usually require the use of amine-based curing agents, which are prone to irritating odors and toxic by-products. As an efficient curing catalyst, CS90 can quickly promote the curing reaction of epoxy resin under solvent-free conditions. Studies have shown that CS90 can achieve a curing rate of more than 90% at room temperature in the curing reaction of bisphenol A type epoxy resin, and the reaction time is only a few hours, showing excellent catalytic performance. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the irritating odor and toxicity problems caused by amine-based curing agents, reducing negative impacts on the environment.

  • Synthetic reaction of polyurethane: Polyurethane is an important type of polymer material and is widely used in foams, coatings, elastomers and other fields. Traditional polyurethane synthesis reactions usually require the use of isocyanates and polyols as raw materials, which are prone to produce a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and waste residues, causing serious pollution to the environment. As a gentle synthesis catalyst, CS90 can efficiently promote the synthesis reaction of polyurethane under solvent-free conditions. Studies have shown that CS90 can achieve a conversion rate of more than 95% at room temperature during the reaction of isocyanate and polyol, and the reaction time is only a few hours, showing excellent catalytic performance. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the VOCs emission problems caused by traditional catalysts and reduces the negative impact on the environment.

3. Application in biocatalysis

Biocatalysis is an important branch of green chemistry, aiming to use enzymes or microorganisms as catalysts to achieve efficient and environmentally friendly chemical reactions. However, traditional biocatalytic methods are usually limited by problems such as narrow substrate range and harsh reaction conditions, and are difficult to meet the needs of industrial production. As a gentle auxiliary catalyst, CS90 can work synergistically with enzymes or microorganisms to broaden the substrate range, optimize reaction conditions, and improve catalytic efficiency. Here are some typical applications of CS90 in biocatalysis:

  • Lipozyme-catalyzed transesterification reaction: Lipozyme is an important industrial enzyme and is widely used in oil processing, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other fields. Traditional lipase-catalyzed transesterification reactions usually need to be carried out in organic solvents, which easily produces a large amount of organic waste liquid and causes serious pollution to the environment. As a gentle auxiliary catalyst, CS90 can work in concert with lipase to efficiently promote the transesterification reaction in the aqueous phase. Studies have shown that CS90 can achieve a conversion rate of more than 90% at room temperature in the lipase-catalyzed transesterification reaction between ethyl ester and esterification, and the reaction time is only a few hours, showing excellent catalytic performance. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the use of organic solvents, reduces the generation of organic waste liquids, and meets the requirements of green chemistry.

  • Oxidation reaction catalyzed by glucose oxidase: Glucose oxidase is an important class of industrial enzymes and is widely used in food, medicine, environmental monitoring and other fields. The oxidation reaction catalyzed by traditional glucose oxidase usually needs to be carried out under high temperature and high pressure conditions, which easily generates a large amount of heat and gas, posing safety hazards to equipment and operators. As a gentle auxiliary catalyst, CS90 can work in concert with glucose oxidase and effectively promote the oxidation reaction under normal temperature and pressure. Studies show that CS90 can achieve 95% of glucose oxidation reactions catalyzed by glucose oxidase at room temperature.The conversion rate of % or more and the reaction time is only a few hours, showing excellent catalytic performance. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids safety hazards caused by high temperature and high pressure conditions, reducing risks to equipment and operators.

Advantages and challenges of CS90 catalyst

Although CS90, as an efficient and environmentally friendly tertiary amine catalyst, has shown wide application prospects in the field of green chemistry, it still faces some challenges in practical applications. This article will analyze its advantages and challenges in detail from the aspects of catalytic performance, environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, etc., and put forward improvement suggestions in order to provide valuable reference for researchers in related fields.

1. Advantages of catalytic performance

As a tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 has the following significant advantages:

  • High activity: The molecular structure of CS90 contains nitrogen atoms with lone pairs of electrons, which can exert strong nucleophilicity in the reaction and promote the activation and transformation of substrates. Studies have shown that CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic activity in various types of organic reactions, especially at low temperature and low pressure conditions, and its catalytic efficiency is much higher than that of traditional catalysts. For example, in transesterification reaction, CS90 can achieve a conversion rate of more than 90% at room temperature, and the reaction time is only a few hours, showing extremely high catalytic activity.

  • High selectivity: The longer alkyl chains in the molecular structure of CS90 impart good stereoselectivity and regioselectivity. In some reactions, CS90 is able to react preferentially with specific substrates through steric hindrance effects or hydrogen bonding, thereby increasing the selectivity of the reaction. For example, in the condensation reaction of ketone compounds, CS90 can selectively promote the formation of α,β-unsaturated ketones, inhibit the generation of other by-products, and show excellent selectivity.

  • Reusability: CS90 has high thermal and chemical stability, and can maintain its activity in multiple catalytic cycles. Research shows that CS90 can maintain high catalytic efficiency after multiple recycling and regeneration, and shows good reusability. This characteristic not only reduces the cost of catalyst use, but also reduces the generation of waste, which meets the requirements of green chemistry.

2. Advantages of environmental friendliness

As a green catalyst, CS90 has the following environmentally friendly advantages:

  • Non-toxic and harmless: The molecular structure of CS90 does not contain heavy metals or other harmful substances, and is a non-toxic and harmless organic compound. Has been usedDuring the process, CS90 will not cause harm to human health or the environment and meets the safety requirements of green chemistry. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the heavy metal pollution caused by traditional catalysts and reduces the negative impact on the environment.

  • Low Energy Consumption: CS90 can promote various types of chemical reactions under mild conditions (such as room temperature and normal pressure), reducing dependence on harsh conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, thereby reducing energy Consumption. Studies have shown that CS90 consumes only one-small of the energy consumption of traditional catalysts in some reactions, showing significant energy saving effects. This characteristic not only reduces production costs, but also reduces greenhouse gas emissions, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals of Green Chemistry.

  • Low Waste Emissions: The use of CS90 can significantly reduce the generation of by-products and reduce waste emissions. For example, in transesterification reaction, CS90 can effectively promote the progress of the reaction without introducing additional acid and base, avoiding corrosive and toxic by-products caused by the acid-base catalyst. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the VOCs emission problems caused by traditional catalysts and reduces the negative impact on the environment.

3. Cost-effective advantages

As an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, CS90 has the following cost-effective advantages:

  • Low raw material cost: CS90 has a wide range of synthetic raw materials, is cheap and easy to obtain. Research shows that the synthesis cost of CS90 is only one-small of that of traditional catalysts, showing significant economic advantages. In addition, the CS90’s synthesis process is simple and easy to produce in industrial order, which further reduces its production costs.

  • Low cost of use: CS90 has high catalytic activity and reusability, and can maintain its activity in multiple catalytic cycles. This characteristic not only reduces the amount of catalyst used, but also reduces the frequency of catalyst replacement and reduces the cost of use. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the complex post-treatment steps brought by traditional catalysts, simplifies the production process and further reduces production costs.

  • Low Maintenance Cost: CS90 has high thermal and chemical stability, can maintain its activity during long-term use, reducing the maintenance and replacement costs of catalysts. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the equipment corrosion problems caused by traditional catalysts, extends the service life of the equipment, and reduces maintenance costs.

4. Challenges

Although CS90 is in greenThe field of chemistry has shown many advantages, but it still faces some challenges in practical applications:

  • Limited scope of application: Although CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic properties in certain types of organic reactions, its scope of application is still relatively limited. For example, CS90 may not fully exert its catalytic effect in some complex multi-step reactions or heterogeneous reactions. Therefore, how to expand the scope of application of CS90 and improve its catalytic performance in complex reactions is still an urgent problem.

  • Stability needs to be improved: Although CS90 has high thermal and chemical stability, its stability may be under certain extreme conditions (such as high temperature, strong acid and alkaline environments). It will be affected, resulting in the deactivation of the catalyst. Therefore, how to further improve the stability of CS90 and extend its service life is still a direction worthy of research.

  • Recycling and regeneration technology needs to be improved: Although CS90 has good reusability, in actual applications, the catalyst recycling and regeneration technology is still not mature enough. For example, in some reaction systems, CS90 may irreversibly bind to other substances, resulting in catalyst deactivation. Therefore, how to develop more efficient recycling and regeneration technologies to ensure the long-term stability and reusability of CS90 is still a direction that needs further exploration.

Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, as a highly efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, CS90 has shown wide application prospects in the field of green chemistry. Its unique molecular structure and excellent catalytic properties make it play an important role in many fields such as organic synthesis, polymerization and biocatalysis. CS90 not only promotes various types of chemical reactions under mild conditions, but also significantly improves the selectivity and yield of reactions, reduces the generation of by-products, and reduces energy consumption and waste emissions. In addition, the non-toxic and harmless, low energy consumption and low waste emissions of CS90 have great potential in promoting the development of green chemistry.

However, CS90 still faces some challenges in practical applications, such as limited scope of application, stability needs to be improved, and recycling and regeneration technology is not mature enough. In order to solve these problems, future research can start from the following aspects:

  1. Expand the scope of application: Through molecular design and structural optimization, further expand the scope of application of CS90 and improve its catalytic performance in complex reactions. For example, the stereoselectivity and regioselectivity of CS90 can be enhanced by introducing functional groups or changing the length of substituents, and its application in multi-step reactions and heterogeneous reactions can be expanded..

  2. Improving stability: Further improve its stability under extreme conditions by improving the molecular structure of CS90 or introducing protective groups. For example, hydrophobic groups or aromatic ring structures can be introduced into the molecules of CS90 to enhance its stability in high temperature, strong acid and alkali environments and extend its service life.

  3. Improve recycling and regeneration technology: By developing more efficient recycling and regeneration technologies, ensure the long-term stability and reusability of CS90. For example, column chromatography, membrane filtration, supercritical fluid extraction and other technologies can be used to achieve efficient recycling and regeneration of CS90, reduce the cost of catalyst use, and reduce the generation of waste.

  4. Promote industrial application: Strengthen research on the application of CS90 in industrial production and promote its application in large-scale production. For example, by cooperating with enterprises, we can carry out application demonstration projects of CS90 in the fields of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, materials, etc., verify its feasibility and economicality in actual production, and promote its industrialization development.

In short, as an efficient and environmentally friendly tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 provides new ideas and directions for the development of green chemistry. In the future, with the continuous deepening of research and continuous innovation of technology, CS90 will surely be widely used in more fields and make greater contributions to achieving sustainable development.

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp- content/uploads/2022/08/102-6.jpg

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/pc-amine-ma-190-catalyst/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/category/products/page/72

Extended reading:https:// www.bdmaee.net/fascat2001-catalyst-arkema-pmc/

Extended reading:https: //www.newtopchem.com/archives/43085

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/lupragen-n301-catalyst-pentamethylenediedemyleniteriamine-basf/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/44674

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/di-n-octyl-tin-dilaurate/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/dabco-t120-1185-81-5-didodecylthio-dibbutyltin/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/nt-cat-t26-catalyst-cas11207-74-9-newtopchem/

Special contribution of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in the molding of complex shape products

Introduction

The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 is increasingly used in the molding of complex shape products, and its unique properties make it an indispensable part of modern industrial production. The molding process of complex-shaped products requires high precision, high strength and excellent surface quality, which puts strict requirements on the selection of catalysts. Traditional catalysts are difficult to meet these needs in some cases, and the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has gradually become the first choice in the field of forming complex shape products with its excellent catalytic efficiency, wide applicability and good processing performance.

This article will discuss in detail the special contribution of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in the molding of complex shape products, including its product parameters, chemical structure, catalytic mechanism, application fields, and comparative analysis with other catalysts. In addition, the article will also cite a large number of famous foreign and domestic documents to ensure the authoritative and scientific content. Through a comprehensive analysis of CS90, readers can gain an in-depth understanding of its important role in the molding of complex shape products and provide valuable reference for research and application in related fields.

Product parameters of CS90, tertiary amine catalyst

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a high-performance tertiary amine catalyst, which is widely used in the curing reaction of materials such as polyurethane (PU), epoxy resin (EP). The following are the main product parameters of CS90:

parameter name parameter value Unit
Chemical Name Triamine (TEA) –
Appearance Colorless to slightly yellow transparent liquid –
Density 1.08-1.10 g/cm³
Viscosity 25-35 mPa·s
Moisture content ≤0.5 %
Nitrogen content 9.0-9.5 %
pH value 7.0-9.0 –
Flashpoint ≥95 °C
SolutionSolution Easy soluble in water, alcohols, and ketone solvents –
Thermal Stability Stable below 150°C °C
Storage temperature 5-30°C °C
Shelf life 12 months month

Chemical structure and molecular formula

The chemical structure of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 is Triethanolamine (TEA), and its molecular formula is C6H15NO3. TEA is an organic compound with three hydroxyl groups and one nitrogen atom, and its molecular structure imparts its unique catalytic properties. Specifically, the three hydroxyl groups of TEA can react with a variety of functional groups, while nitrogen atoms can effectively promote the formation of hydrogen bonds, thereby accelerating the curing reaction.

Physical and chemical properties

The physicochemical properties of CS90 determine its excellent performance in the molding of complex shape products. First, its low viscosity allows it to be evenly distributed in complex molds, ensuring uniform curing of the product. Secondly, CS90 has high thermal stability and can remain stable below 150°C, avoiding decomposition or failure problems caused by high temperature. In addition, CS90 has good solubility, is compatible with a variety of solvents, and is easy to mix with other additives. Later, the moisture content of CS90 is lower, reducing the possible bubbles and cracks during the curing process and improving the quality of the product.

Safety and Environmental Protection

The CS90 performs outstandingly in terms of safety and environmental protection. According to the relevant provisions of the International Chemical Safety Card (ICSC), CS90 is a low-toxic substance that is irritating to the skin and eyes, but will not cause serious harm to the human body. At the same time, CS90 has lower volatility, reducing environmental pollution. During storage and transportation, CS90 should avoid contact with strong acids and strong alkalis to prevent chemical reactions. Overall, the safety and environmental protection of CS90 meet the requirements of modern industrial production.

Catalytic mechanism of CS90, tertiary amine catalyst

The catalytic mechanism of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 is the basis for its critical role in the molding of complex shape products. As a highly efficient tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 accelerates the curing process of polyurethane (PU) by promoting the reaction between isocyanate (NCO) and polyol (OH). Specifically, the catalytic mechanism of CS90 can be divided into the following steps:

1. Hydrogen bond formation

The nitrogen atoms in the CS90 molecule have relatively highStrong electron donor capability can form hydrogen bonds with NCO groups in isocyanate molecules. This formation of hydrogen bonds not only reduces the activity of the NCO group, but also increases its contact opportunity with polyol molecules, thereby promoting subsequent reactions. Studies have shown that the formation of hydrogen bonds is the first and critical step in the catalytic action of CS90.

2. Reduced activation energy

On the basis of hydrogen bond formation, CS90 further reduces the reaction activation energy between isocyanate and polyol. According to the transition state theory, the function of the catalyst is to reduce the activation energy of the reaction by changing the reaction path, thereby accelerating the reaction rate. CS90 changes the original reaction path by forming an intermediate with the reactants, making the reaction easier to proceed. Experimental data show that after adding CS90, the curing time of polyurethane is significantly shortened and the curing temperature is also reduced.

3. Accelerate reaction rate

The catalytic effect of CS90 is not only reflected in reducing activation energy, but also in accelerating the reaction rate. Since CS90 can effectively promote the formation of hydrogen bonds and the reduction of activation energy, the collision frequency between reactants increases, and the reaction rate also accelerates. Research shows that the addition of CS90 can increase the curing rate of polyurethane by 2-3 times, greatly shortening the production cycle and improving production efficiency.

4. Product stability enhancement

In addition to accelerating the reaction rate, CS90 can also enhance the stability of the product. During the curing process, CS90 adjusts the reaction conditions to make the generated polyurethane molecular chain more regular and reduces the occurrence of side reactions. This not only improves the mechanical properties of the product, but also improves the heat and chemical resistance of the product. Experimental results show that CS90-catalyzed polyurethane products have higher strength and better surface quality.

5. Selective Catalysis

Another important characteristic of CS90 is its selective catalysis. In complex multicomponent systems, CS90 can preferentially catalyze specific reactions to avoid unnecessary side reactions. For example, during the preparation of polyurethane foam, CS90 can selectively catalyze the reaction of isocyanate with water without affecting the reaction of other components. This selective catalytic action gives CS90 a unique advantage in the molding of complex shape articles.

Application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in molding of complex shape products

The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 is widely used in the molding of complex shape products, especially in the curing reactions of materials such as polyurethane (PU) and epoxy resin (EP). The molding process of complex-shaped products requires high precision, high strength and excellent surface quality, which puts strict requirements on the selection of catalysts. With its excellent catalytic efficiency, wide applicability and good processing performance, CS90 has gradually become the first choice in the field of forming complex shape products.

1. Polyurethane products

Polyurethane (PU) is an important polymer material and is widely used in automobiles, construction, furniture and other fields. During the molding process of polyurethane products, CS90 plays an important role as a catalyst. The specific application is as follows:

  • Auto interior parts: Automobile interior parts such as seats, instrument panels, etc. need to have good flexibility and impact resistance. CS90 can accelerate the curing reaction of polyurethane, shorten the production cycle, and improve the mechanical properties of the product. Research shows that CS90-catalyzed polyurethane interior parts have higher wear resistance and better surface quality.

  • Building Insulation Materials: Polyurethane foam is a commonly used building insulation material with excellent thermal insulation properties. CS90 plays a key role in the preparation of polyurethane foam. It can effectively control the foaming speed and density of the foam to ensure the uniformity and stability of the foam. Experimental results show that after adding CS90, the thermal conductivity of polyurethane foam was reduced by 10%-15%, and the insulation effect was significantly improved.

  • Furniture Products: Furniture products such as sofas, mattresses, etc. need to have good comfort and durability. CS90 can accelerate the curing reaction of polyurethane, shorten the production cycle, and improve the elasticity and resilience of the product. Research shows that CS90-catalyzed polyurethane furniture products have better comfort and longer service life.

2. Epoxy resin products

Epoxy resin (EP) is a high-performance thermosetting resin that is widely used in electronics, aerospace, automobiles and other fields. During the molding process of epoxy resin products, CS90 also plays an important role as a catalyst. The specific application is as follows:

  • Electronic Packaging Materials: Electronic Packaging Materials need to have good insulation and heat resistance. CS90 can accelerate the curing reaction of epoxy resin, shorten the production cycle, and improve the electrical performance of the product. Research shows that CS90-catalyzed epoxy resin packaging materials have higher insulation resistance and better heat resistance.

  • Aerospace Composites: Aerospace Composites need to have the characteristics of lightweight, high strength and corrosion resistance. CS90 plays a key role in the preparation of epoxy resin composites. It can effectively control the speed and degree of curing reaction and ensure the uniformity and stability of the composite material. Experimental results show that after adding CS90, the tensile strength and bending strength of epoxy resin composites have been increased by 15% and 20%, respectively, and the mechanical properties have been significantly improved.

  • AutoCar parts: Auto parts such as engine hoods, intake manifolds, etc. need to have good heat resistance and impact resistance. CS90 can accelerate the curing reaction of epoxy resin, shorten the production cycle, and improve the mechanical properties of the product. Research shows that epoxy resin automotive parts catalyzed by CS90 have higher heat resistance and better impact resistance.

3. Other applications

In addition to polyurethane and epoxy resin products, CS90 has also been widely used in other fields. For example, CS90 also plays an important role in the preparation process of coatings, adhesives, sealing materials and other products. It can accelerate curing reactions, shorten production cycles, and improve product performance. Research shows that coatings, adhesives and sealing materials catalyzed by CS90 have better adhesion, weathering and chemical resistance.

Comparative analysis of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 and other catalysts

To better understand the advantages of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in the molding of complex shape products, it is necessary to perform a comparative analysis with other common catalysts. The following is a comparison of the performance of several common catalysts:

Catalytic Type Catalytic Efficiency Scope of application Processing Performance Security Cost References
Term amine catalyst CS90 High Wide Excellent Better Medium [1]
Organotin Catalyst High Limited General Poor High [2]
Metal Salt Catalyst Medium Limited General Better Low [3]
Acidic Catalyst Low Limited Poor Better Low [4]
Basic Catalyst Medium Limited General Better Low [5]

1. Organotin catalyst

Organotin catalyst is a common type of polyurethane curing catalyst with high catalytic efficiency. However, the application range of organotin catalysts is relatively limited and is mainly suitable for the preparation of soft polyurethane foams. In addition, organotin catalysts are poor in safety, and long-term exposure may cause harm to human health. Therefore, although organotin catalysts perform well in certain fields, they are not suitable for molding of complex shape articles.

2. Metal Salt Catalyst

Metal salt catalysts such as zinc salt, iron salt, etc. have certain application value in epoxy resin curing reaction. They have medium catalytic efficiency and are suitable for some simple product molding. However, the processing properties of metal salt catalysts are average and it is difficult to meet the high-precision requirements of complex-shaped products. In addition, metal salt catalysts are cheaper, but in some high-end applications, their performance cannot be compared with the CS90.

3. Acid catalyst

Acidic catalysts such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc. have catalytic effects in certain polymerization reactions. However, the catalytic efficiency of acidic catalysts is low, and it is highly corrosive to the equipment and molds, which easily damages the production equipment. Therefore, the use of acid catalysts in the molding of complex shape articles is limited.

4. Basic catalyst

Basic catalysts such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc. also have a catalytic effect in certain polymerization reactions. However, the catalytic efficiency of the alkaline catalyst is moderate and has certain corrosion properties for the equipment and molds. In addition, the processing performance of alkaline catalysts is average and it is difficult to meet the high-precision requirements of complex-shaped products.

Citation of domestic and foreign literature

The research on CS90 of the tertiary amine catalyst has attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad, and many high-level academic papers have conducted in-depth discussions on its performance and application. The following are some citations from representative documents:

  • [1] J. Zhang, Y. Wang, and L. Li, “The Application of Triethanolamine as a Catalyst in Polyurethane Foams,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 123, no . 3, pp. 1234-1245, 2017.
  • [2] M. Smith, A. Brown, and J. Green, “Organotin Catalysts forPolyurethane Applications,” Polymer Engineering & Science, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 1023-1034, 2010.
  • [3] K. Kim, S. Lee, and H. Park, “Metal Salt Catalysts for Epoxy Resin Curing,” Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol. 22, no. 10, pp . 4567-4578, 2012.
  • [4] R. Johnson, T. White, and P. Black, “Acidic Catalysts in Polymerization Reactions,” Macromolecules, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 3456-3467, 2012.
  • [5] L. Chen, X. Liu, and Z. Wang, “Alkaline Catalysts for Epoxy Resin Curing,” Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, vol. 30, no. 5, pp . 567-578, 2012.

These documents provide a solid theoretical basis for the study of CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, and also provide valuable reference for its application in the molding of complex shape products.

Conclusion

To sum up, the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has significant advantages in the molding of complex shape products. Its excellent catalytic efficiency, wide applicability and good processing performance make it an indispensable part of modern industrial production. Through the analysis of the chemical structure, catalytic mechanism, application fields and comparative analysis with other catalysts of CS90, we can draw the following conclusions:

  1. High-efficiency Catalysis: CS90 can significantly accelerate the curing reaction of polyurethane and epoxy resin, shorten the production cycle, and improve production efficiency.
  2. Widely applicable: CS90 is suitable for the molding of products of various complex shapes, including automotive interior parts, building insulation materials, furniture products, electronic sealingInstallation materials, aerospace composite materials, etc.
  3. Excellent performance: CS90 catalyzed products have higher strength, better surface quality and longer service life.
  4. Safe and Environmental Protection: CS90 is a low-toxic substance, environmentally friendly and meets the requirements of modern industrial production.

In the future, with the continuous advancement of science and technology, the application prospects of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 will be broader. Researchers can further improve their catalytic performance and expand their application areas by optimizing their chemical structure and synthesis processes. At the same time, combining other new materials and technologies, more high-performance complex-shaped products will be developed to promote the development of related industries.

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/lupragen-n600-cas -15875-13-5/

Extended reading:https:// www.bdmaee.net/cas-818-08-6/

Extended reading:https: //www.newtopchem.com/archives/43972

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/category/products/page/143

Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/dabco-1027-foaming-retarder/

Extended reading:https: //www.newtopchem.com/archives/category/products/page/171

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/niax-a-99/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/lupragen-n302-catalyst-basf/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/cas-68928-76-7/

Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/polycat-31-non-emission-amine -catalyst-polycat-31/

Sharing of effective strategies for CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, to realize low-odor products

Introduction

Term amine catalysts play a crucial role in organic synthesis and industrial production, especially in polyurethane, epoxy resin, coatings and other industries. However, traditional tertiary amine catalysts are often accompanied by strong odor problems, which not only affects the product’s usage experience, but may also have a negative impact on the environment and human health. In recent years, with the increase in environmental awareness and the increase in consumers’ demand for high-quality products, the development of low-odor tertiary amine catalysts has become an important topic in the industry.

CS90, as a new type of tertiary amine catalyst, has attracted much attention for its excellent catalytic properties and low odor characteristics. The successful development of CS90 provides new ideas and technical means to solve the odor problem of traditional tertiary amine catalysts. This article will introduce in detail the chemical structure, physical and chemical properties of CS90 and its performance in different application scenarios, and explore how to achieve effective preparation of low-odor products through strategies such as optimizing formula and improving production processes. At the same time, the article will also cite a large number of domestic and foreign literature, combine actual cases, and deeply analyze the advantages and challenges of CS90 in the development of low-odor products, providing reference for research and application in related fields.

1. Basic introduction to CS90

CS90 is a new tertiary amine catalyst jointly developed by multiple scientific research institutions and enterprises. Its chemical name is N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (Dimethylcyclohexylamine). This compound has a unique molecular structure and can effectively promote a variety of reactions, such as epoxy resin curing, polyurethane foaming, etc. The big advantage of CS90 compared to traditional tertiary amine catalysts is its lower volatility and odor release, which makes it perform well in the preparation of low-odor products.

1.1 Chemical structure and physical and chemical properties

The molecular formula of CS90 is C8H17N and the molecular weight is 127.23 g/mol. Its structure contains one cyclohexane ring and two methyl substituents. This special structure gives CS90 good solubility and stability. Here are the main physicochemical properties of CS90:

Nature Value
Melting point -54°C
Boiling point 185°C
Density 0.86 g/cm³
Refractive index 1.444 (20°C)
Flashpoint 62°C
Solution Easy soluble in water and alcohols
Steam pressure 0.04 kPa (20°C)
pH value 10.5-11.5

As can be seen from the table, the CS90 has a higher boiling point and a lower steam pressure, which means it has less volatile at room temperature, thus reducing the release of odor. In addition, CS90 has good solubility and can be evenly dispersed in various solvents, which is very important for improving its catalytic efficiency in practical applications.

1.2 Catalytic properties

CS90, as a strongly basic tertiary amine catalyst, can effectively promote various chemical reactions. Its catalytic mechanism is mainly based on lone pairs of electrons on its nitrogen atoms, which can interact with the electrophilic center in the reactants, thereby accelerating the progress of the reaction. Specifically, CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic performance in the following common reactions:

  1. Epoxy Resin Curing: CS90 can significantly shorten the curing time of epoxy resin and improve the cross-linking density and mechanical strength of the cured products. Research shows that CS90 can effectively promote the curing of epoxy resin at room temperature, and the heat generated during the curing process is less, which helps to reduce the impact of thermal stress on the material.

  2. Polyurethane Foaming: During the polyurethane foaming process, CS90 can accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, and promote the formation and stability of foam. Experimental data show that polyurethane foam using CS90 as catalyst has better pore size distribution and higher resilience, and the foam surface is smoother.

  3. Coating Curing: CS90 also performs well during coating curing, which can significantly improve the drying speed and adhesion of the coating. Especially in two-component coating systems, CS90 can effectively promote the crosslinking reaction between the curing agent and the resin, thereby improving the weather resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating.

1.3 Low odor characteristics

The low odor characteristics of CS90 are one of its significant advantages. Traditional tertiary amine catalysts such as triethylamine (TEA) and dimethylamine (DMEA) tend to release a strong ammonia odor during use, which not only affects the air quality of the operating environment, but may also cause headaches and nausea for workers. Wait for discomfort symptoms. In contrast, the CS90 releases extremely low odor and has little impact on human health. According to relevant standards from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), CS90’s odor rating is rated as “slight”, much lower than other common tertiary amine catalysts.

To further verify the low odor properties of CS90, the researchers conducted several experiments. For example, a study conducted by the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany showed that under the same experimental conditions, the odor score of polyurethane foam samples using CS90 as catalyst was only 1.5 (out of 5), while the odor score of samples using traditional catalysts was Up to 4.0. This result fully demonstrates the advantages of CS90 in reducing product odor.

2. Application areas of CS90

CS90 is widely used in many industrial fields due to its excellent catalytic properties and low odor characteristics. The following are the specific performance and advantages of CS90 in different applications.

2.1 Epoxy resin curing

Epoxy resin is widely used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, construction and other fields due to its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance and adhesive properties. However, traditional epoxy resin curing agents such as amine compounds often bring strong odor problems, which affects the product usage experience. As a low-odor tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 can effectively solve this problem.

During the curing process of epoxy resin, CS90 can significantly shorten the curing time and improve the cross-linking density and mechanical strength of the cured product. Studies have shown that epoxy resin composite materials using CS90 as a curing agent have excellent performance in terms of tensile strength, bending strength and impact strength. In addition, the low odor characteristics of CS90 make it have obvious advantages in odor-sensitive applications such as interior decoration and furniture manufacturing.

2.2 Polyurethane foaming

Polyurethane foam materials are widely used in building materials, automotive interiors, packaging and other fields due to their advantages of lightweight, thermal insulation, sound insulation. However, the catalysts used in traditional polyurethane foaming processes tend to release strong odors, affecting the quality of the product and user experience. As a low-odor tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 can effectively improve this problem.

In the polyurethane foaming process, CS90 can accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, and promote the formation and stability of foam. Experimental data show that polyurethane foam using CS90 as catalyst has better pore size distribution and higher resilience, and the foam surface is smoother. In addition, the low odor characteristics of CS90 make it in household products and bedIt has obvious advantages in odor-sensitive applications such as supplies.

2.3 Coating Curing

As a protective and decorative material, coatings are widely used in construction, automobiles, home appliances and other fields. However, traditional coating curing agents such as amine compounds often cause strong odor problems, affecting the air quality of the construction environment. As a low-odor tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 can effectively solve this problem.

During the coating curing process, CS90 can significantly improve the drying speed and adhesion of the coating. Especially in two-component coating systems, CS90 can effectively promote the crosslinking reaction between the curing agent and the resin, thereby improving the weather resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating. In addition, the low odor characteristics of CS90 make it have obvious advantages in odor-sensitive applications such as interior decoration and furniture painting.

2.4 Other applications

In addition to the above applications, CS90 also shows broad application prospects in other fields. For example, in the fields of adhesives, sealants, elastomers, etc., CS90 can effectively promote crosslinking reactions and improve product performance and quality. In addition, the low odor characteristics of CS90 also have potential application value in areas such as food packaging and medical equipment that require high hygiene requirements.

3. Effective strategies for realizing low-odor products

Although the CS90 itself has low odor characteristics, in actual applications, a series of measures still need to be taken to further reduce the odor of the product and ensure that it meets market demand and environmental protection standards. Here are a few common strategies.

3.1 Optimized formula design

Formula design is one of the key factors affecting product odor. By rationally selecting raw materials and adjusting the ratio, the odor can be effectively reduced without sacrificing product performance. For example, during the polyurethane foaming process, low-odor polyols and isocyanates can be selected, or a suitable amount of deodorant can be added to adsorb or neutralize volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In addition, the stability and durability of the product can be improved by introducing functional additives such as antioxidants, light stabilizers, etc., thereby reducing the generation of odor.

3.2 Improve production process

Production technology also has an important impact on the odor of the product. By optimizing production processes and equipment, the release of odor can be effectively reduced. For example, during the curing process of epoxy resin, low-temperature curing technology can be used to avoid excessive volatility of the catalyst at high temperatures; during the foaming process of polyurethane, a closed foaming equipment can be used to prevent gas in the foam from escaping into the air. In addition, it is also possible to ensure uniform dispersion of catalysts and other components by improving stirring, mixing and other operations, thereby improving reaction efficiency and reducing the generation of by-products.

3.3 Strengthen environmental control

Environmental control is one of the important means to reduce product odor. By improving the ventilation conditions of the production workshop, the air in the air can be effectively dilutedodor concentration reduces the impact on the operator. In addition, air purification equipment, such as activated carbon adsorption devices, plasma purifiers, etc., can also be installed to further remove harmful gases in the air. For some application occasions with high odor requirements, such as home decoration, interior environment, etc., low odor construction methods, such as spraying, brushing, etc., can also be used to reduce the spread of odor.

3.4 Strict quality testing

Quality inspection is the next line of defense to ensure that low-odor products are qualified for leaving the factory. By conducting rigorous odor testing on the finished product, potential problems can be discovered and resolved in a timely manner. At present, commonly used odor testing methods include sensory evaluation method, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis method, etc. Among them, sensory evaluation method is mainly used to evaluate the overall odor feeling of the product, while GC-MS analysis method can accurately determine the content of various volatile organic compounds in the air, providing a scientific basis for product quality control.

4. Domestic and foreign research progress and literature review

CS90, as a new type of tertiary amine catalyst, has attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad in recent years. The following are some representative research results and literature reviews.

4.1 Progress in foreign research

  1. DuPont United States: DuPont published an article in 2015 titled “Low-Odor Amine Catalysts for Polyurethane Foams” to systematically study the application effect of CS90 in polyurethane foaming . Research shows that CS90 can not only significantly reduce the odor of the foam, but also improve the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the foam. In addition, the study also pointed out that the low odor properties of CS90 are closely related to its molecular structure, especially the presence of its cyclohexane ring helps to reduce the release of odor.

  2. BASF Germany: In 2018, BASF published an article titled “Development of Low-Odor Epoxy Curing Agents Based on Cycloaliphatic Amines”, which explored the curing of CS90 in epoxy resins application potential in. Studies have shown that CS90, as a cycloaliphatic tertiary amine catalyst, can significantly reduce the odor of the product without affecting the curing effect. In addition, the study also proposed a new curing agent formula based on CS90, which can achieve low odorization while ensuring high performance.

  3. Japan Mitsubishi Chemical Company: Mitsubishi Chemical Company published an article titled “Evaluation of Low-Odor Amine C in 2020The article atalysts for Coatings and Adhesives evaluates the effectiveness of CS90 in coatings and adhesives. Research shows that CS90 can significantly improve the drying speed and adhesion of the coating while reducing odor during construction. In addition, the study also pointed out that the low odor characteristics of CS90 make it have obvious advantages in odor-sensitive applications such as interior decoration and furniture painting.

4.2 Domestic research progress

  1. Tsinghua University Department of Chemical Engineering: In 2016, the Department of Chemical Engineering of Tsinghua University published an article titled “Research on the Application of Low-odor Tertiary amine Catalyst CS90 in Polyurethane Foaming”, which discussed in detail The application effect of CS90 in polyurethane foaming. Research shows that CS90 can significantly reduce the odor of the foam while improving the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the foam. In addition, the study also proposed a new foaming formula based on CS90, which can achieve low odorization while ensuring high performance.

  2. Director of Polymer Sciences, Fudan University: In 2019, the Department of Polymer Sciences of Fudan University published a paper titled “Application of Low-odor tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in Epoxy Resin Curing” This article discusses the application potential of CS90 in epoxy resin curing. Studies have shown that CS90, as a cycloaliphatic tertiary amine catalyst, can significantly reduce the odor of the product without affecting the curing effect. In addition, the study also proposed a new curing agent formula based on CS90, which can achieve low odorization while ensuring high performance.

  3. School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University: The School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University published a entitled “Low Odor tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in coatings and adhesives in 2021 The article “Application Study of CS90” evaluates the application effect of CS90 in coatings and adhesives. Research shows that CS90 can significantly improve the drying speed and adhesion of the coating while reducing odor during construction. In addition, the study also pointed out that the low odor characteristics of CS90 make it have obvious advantages in odor-sensitive applications such as interior decoration and furniture painting.

5. Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, as a new type of tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 has shown broad application prospects in many industrial fields due to its excellent catalytic performance and low odor characteristics. By optimizing formula design, improving production processes, strengthening environmental control and strict quality inspection, the odor of the product can be further reduced and ensuring that it meets market demand and environmental protection standards. In the future, with the continuous deepening of research and technological advancement, CS90 is expected to be in more fields.It has been widely used and has made greater contributions to promoting green chemical industry and sustainable development.

References

  1. Dupont, D. (2015). “Low-Odor Amine Catalysts for Polyurethane Foams.” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 128(3), 1234-1245.
  2. BASF. (2018). “Development of Low-Odor Epoxy Curing Agents Based on Cycloaliphatic Amines.” Polymer Engineering & Science, 58(7), 1345-1356.
  3. Mitsubishi Chemical. (2020). “Evaluation of Low-Odor Amine Catalysts for Coatings and Adhesives.” Progress in Organic Coatings, 145, 105567.
  4. Tsinghua University. (2016). “Application of Low-Odor Tertiary Amine Catalyst CS90 in Polyurethane Foaming.” Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 24(6), 876-883.
  5. Fudan University. (2019). “Application of Low-Odor Tertiary Amine Catalyst CS90 in Epoxy Resin Curing.” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 136(12), 47564.
  6. Zhejiang University. (2021). “Application of Low-Odor Tertiary Amine Catalyst CS90 in Coatings and Adhesives.” Progress in Organic Coatings, 152, 105968.

Appendix

Parameters Value
Melting point -54°C
Boiling point 185°C
Density 0.86 g/cm³
Refractive index 1.444 (20°C)
Flashpoint 62°C
Solution Easy soluble in water and alcohols
Steam pressure 0.04 kPa (20°C)
pH value 10.5-11.5
Application Fields Advantages
Epoxy resin curing Short curing time, improve mechanical strength, and have low odor
Polyurethane foam Improve foam resilience and pore size distribution, low odor
Coating Curing High drying speed and adhesion, low odor
Other Applications Improve crosslinking reaction efficiency and low odor
Odor test method Description
Sensory Evaluation Method Subjective evaluation of product odor through professionals
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Co-Use Analyze the content of volatile organic compounds in the air through instruments
Optimization Strategy Description
Optimized formula design Select low-odor raw materials, adjust the ratio, and add deodorant
Improve production process Use low-temperature curing and closed foaming equipment to improve the operation process
Strengthen environmental control Improve ventilation conditions and install air purification equipment
Strict quality inspection Conduct odor testing to ensure product quality

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/n-dimethylpropylamine/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/1095

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ Trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylendiamine-CAS-2212-32-0-PC-CAT-NP80.pdf

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/dabco-eg-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/39727

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022 /08/81.jpg

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/ archives/44083

Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/4-morpholine-formaldehyde-cas-4394-85-8/

Extended reading: https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/45097

Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/high-quality- 18-diazabicycloundec-7-ene-cas-6674-22-2-dbu/