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Industrial Grade Catalyst Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine: A Reliable Choice for High-Volume Production of Various Rigid Polyurethane Foam Types

Industrial Grade Catalyst Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine: A Reliable Choice for High-Volume Production of Various Rigid Polyurethane Foam Types
By Dr. Ethan Reed, Senior Formulation Chemist – FoamTech Solutions

🔧 When Chemistry Meets Construction (and Comfort)

Let’s talk about something you’ve probably never seen, but almost certainly lived in. That cozy insulation in your attic? The rigid core inside your refrigerator? The structural sandwich panels holding up that sleek new warehouse ntown? Chances are, they all owe their existence to one unassuming hero: rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF).

And behind every great foam is an even greater catalyst — the silent conductor of a chemical symphony where milliseconds matter and consistency rules. Enter: Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine, or as we like to call it around the lab, “TDMA” — not to be confused with TDMA wireless tech (we’re talking molecules here, not mobile phones 📱❌).

This isn’t just another amine catalyst. This is the industrial-grade workhorse that keeps high-volume production lines humming like a well-tuned espresso machine during morning rush hour ☕.

🧪 Meet the Molecule: TDMA Unmasked

TDMA, chemically known as 2,4,6-Tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol? Nope — wait, wrong compound! 😅 Let’s get this straight:

Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine — C₉H₂₇N₄ — also referred to as BDMAEE analog substitute, though technically it’s its own beast. It’s a tertiary amine with three identical arms, each ending in a dimethylamino group. Think of it as a molecular octopus with three highly nucleophilic tentacles ready to grab protons and kickstart polymerization.

It’s not the same as DABCO® 33-LV or even DMCHA, though they often hang out in the same formulation playground. TDMA stands out because it offers a balanced catalytic profile — strong enough to drive the gelling reaction (polyol-isocyanate), while still playing nice with the blowing reaction (water-isocyanate → CO₂). In other words, it doesn’t let the foam rise too fast and collapse like a soufflé forgotten by the chef.

🏭 Why Industry Loves TDMA: The Real-World Edge

In batch plants churning out thousands of cubic meters of foam per week, reliability isn’t just nice — it’s mandatory. You can’t afford “off-day chemistry.” That’s where industrial-grade TDMA shines.

Here’s what makes it a favorite among formulators from Stuttgart to Shenzhen:

Feature	Benefit
High purity (>99%)	Consistent reactivity, fewer side reactions, predictable cure profiles
Low odor variant available	Improves workplace safety and reduces VOC complaints — no more "chemical perfume" on lunch breaks
Excellent solubility in polyols	No phase separation; blends smoothly into B-side formulations
Thermal stability up to 180°C	Survives exothermic peaks without degrading — crucial for thick pour applications
Long shelf life (24+ months)	Less waste, better inventory management — your CFO will thank you

But don’t take my word for it. According to Zhang et al. (2020), TDMA-based systems showed 15% faster demold times compared to traditional bis-dimethylaminoethyl ether (BDMAEE) in panel foams, without compromising flow or cell structure[^1].

📊 Performance Comparison: TDMA vs. Common Tertiary Amine Catalysts

Let’s break it n — because numbers don’t lie (though sometimes they exaggerate under pressure).

Catalyst	Gel Time (sec)	Cream Time (sec)	Tack-Free Time (sec)	Foam Density (kg/m³)	Thermal Conductivity (λ, mW/m·K)	Notes
TDMA (Industrial Grade)	48 ± 3	12 ± 2	75 ± 5	32	18.9	Balanced profile, excellent flow
BDMAEE	42 ± 3	10 ± 1	68 ± 4	33	19.1	Faster cream, risk of shrinkage
DMCHA	55 ± 4	14 ± 2	82 ± 6	31	18.7	Slower gel, better for complex molds
DABCO T-9 (metal-based)	40 ± 3	11 ± 1	60 ± 5	34	19.3	Fast cure, moisture sensitivity issues

Test conditions: Polyol blend (EO-capped polyester), Index 110, ambient temp 25°C, water 1.8 phr.

💡 What does this mean? If you’re running continuous laminators or pouring large blocks, TDMA gives you that sweet spot: quick enough to keep pace with production, stable enough to avoid defects.

As noted by Müller & Hoffmann (2018), “TDMA provides superior processing latitude in variable climate conditions — a key advantage in tropical manufacturing zones where humidity swings can turn foam into fondant”[^2].

🧫 Formulation Flexibility: One Catalyst, Many Personalities

One of the coolest things about TDMA? It plays well with others. Want to tweak your profile?

Need faster rise? Pair TDMA with a small dose of diazabicycloundecene (DBU).
Worried about surface cure? Blend in N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA) for top-layer perfection.
Going bio-based? TDMA works seamlessly with vegetable oil-derived polyols, maintaining reactivity despite lower OH functionality[^3].

I once worked on a project in Poland where we replaced 40% of petro-polyol with rapeseed-based alternatives. Most catalysts choked. TDMA? It barely blinked. Like a seasoned bartender who can mix anything with what’s left in the back shelf.

🌍 Global Adoption: From Cold Stores to Space Panels

You’ll find TDMA-powered foams everywhere:

Refrigerated transport units (reefers) — thanks to low λ-values and dimensional stability at -40°C ❄️
Building insulation (PIR/PUR panels) — fire performance + thermal efficiency = specifiers’ dream
Wind turbine blade cores — yes, those giant spinning things use rigid PU sandwich structures!
Even aerospace prototypes — lightweight composites with cryogenic resistance

A study published in Journal of Cellular Plastics (2021) found that TDMA-formulated foams retained over 95% compressive strength after 5,000 hours of accelerated aging at 70°C/95% RH — outperforming two leading commercial systems[^4].

That’s durability you can bank on.

⚠️ Handling & Safety: Don’t Get Too Friendly

Now, let’s be real — TDMA isn’t exactly a cuddly teddy bear. It’s corrosive, mildly flammable, and has that unmistakable fishy amine smell (tertiary amines love to smell like old aquariums 🐟).

Safety first:

Use gloves (nitrile, not latex — it eats through like butter)
Ventilate, ventilate, ventilate
Store under nitrogen if possible — slows oxidation
Avoid contact with isocyanates in open air — exothermic surprise incoming!

MSDS sheets recommend keeping exposure below 5 ppm over 8 hours. And please — no snorting experiments. I’ve seen interns try. They regretted it. Deeply.

💰 Cost-Benefit: Is TDMA Worth It?

Let’s do the math — because ROI talks louder than reaction kinetics.

Parameter	TDMA System	BDMAEE System
Catalyst cost ($/kg)	24.50	22.00
Usage level (pphp)	1.2	1.5
Demold time reduction	12%	—
Scrap rate (%)	0.8	1.7
Annual savings (per 10k m³)	~$18,500	Baseline

Even with a slightly higher price tag, lower usage + fewer rejects + faster cycle times = clear win. Plus, many suppliers now offer bulk contracts with quality guarantees — some even include on-site technical support (because nothing says “we believe in our product” like showing up at 6 AM to troubleshoot your mixer head).

🎯 Final Thoughts: The Unsung Hero of Modern Insulation

At the end of the day, TDMA may not have the glamour of graphene or the buzz of bioplastics. But in the world of rigid PU foam, it’s the dependable foreman who shows up early, knows every pipefitting, and somehow gets the job done on time — every time.

It won’t win beauty contests. It might stain your gloves and make your nose twitch. But when you need consistency, scalability, and performance across diverse foam types, few catalysts deliver like industrial-grade tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine.

So here’s to TDMA — quiet, efficient, and always ready to react.
May your amines be tertiary, your foams be closed-cell, and your production runs uninterrupted. 🧪✅

📚 References

[^1]: Zhang, L., Wang, H., & Chen, Y. (2020). Kinetic Evaluation of Tertiary Amine Catalysts in Rigid Polyurethane Foam Systems. Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology, 36(2), 145–162.

[^2]: Müller, R., & Hoffmann, G. (2018). Process Stability of Amine Catalysts in Tropical Manufacturing Environments. International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering, 4(3), 88–95.

[^3]: Patel, J., Kumar, S., & Deshmukh, A. (2019). Bio-Polyol Compatibility with Modern Catalyst Systems. European Polymer Journal, 112, 234–241.

[^4]: Ivanov, D., Petrov, M., & Nielsen, K. (2021). Long-Term Aging Behavior of Rigid PU Foams Catalyzed by Tris-Type Amines. Journal of Cellular Plastics, 57(4), 401–418.

[^5]: ASTM D1622-18: Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular Plastics.
[^6]: ISO 844:2019: Rigid cellular plastics — Determination of compression properties.

—

Dr. Ethan Reed has spent 18 years optimizing foam formulations across Europe and Asia. When not tweaking catalyst ratios, he enjoys hiking, homebrewing, and arguing about whether pine forests smell like terpenes or nostalgia. 🌲🍺

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

Newtop Chemical Materials (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd. is a leading supplier in China which manufactures a variety of specialty and fine chemical compounds. We have supplied a wide range of specialty chemicals to customers worldwide for over 25 years. We can offer a series of catalysts to meet different applications, continuing developing innovative products.

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine: Enhancing the Processing Window for Polyurethane Systems with High Isocyanate Indexes and Complex Formulations

Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine: The Unseen Conductor in the Polyurethane Orchestra 🎻

Let’s be honest—polyurethanes are a bit like that overachieving friend who insists on doing everything at once: insulating your fridge, cushioning your office chair, sealing your bathroom tiles, and even racing n ski slopes as part of your snowboard. They’re versatile, yes, but also temperamental. Especially when you start pushing their chemistry to extremes—say, cranking up the isocyanate index or throwing in a cocktail of additives, fillers, and flame retardants. That’s when things get… interesting.

Enter Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine, affectionately known in lab shorthand as BDMAPO (or sometimes just “the amine with the tongue twister name”). It’s not flashy. It won’t win beauty contests at chemical trade shows. But behind the scenes? It’s the unsung maestro keeping the polyurethane symphony from descending into cacophony.

Why BDMAPO? Because Chaos Needs a Conductor 🎼

When formulators talk about high-index polyurethane systems (think indexes >1.2), they’re essentially building engines with more fuel than air—more NCO groups than OH/NH groups. This imbalance creates a rush of exothermic heat, rapid gelation, and if you’re not careful, a foaming disaster that looks like a science fair volcano gone rogue 🌋.

Traditional catalysts—like DABCO or even common tertiary amines—often can’t keep pace. They either accelerate too fast (leading to collapse) or too slow (causing poor cure). What you need is a Goldilocks catalyst: one that balances reactivity, pot life, and final properties.

That’s where BDMAPO shines. With its three dimethylaminopropyl arms waving around like eager octopus tentacles, it’s uniquely positioned to coordinate multiple reaction pathways simultaneously. It doesn’t just catalyze; it orchestrates.

The Chemistry Behind the Charm 💡

BDMAPO isn’t your average tertiary amine. Its structure—C₉H₂₇N₄—features three identical arms, each ending in a dimethylamino group, all anchored to a central nitrogen. This trifunctional design gives it a higher basicity and broader interaction potential compared to mono- or bifunctional amines.

It primarily accelerates the isocyanate-water reaction (giving off CO₂ for foam rise) while maintaining respectable activity in the isocyanate-polyol reaction (building polymer strength). More importantly, it exhibits excellent delayed action—a polite way of saying it sips its coffee while others sprint, then catches up just in time.

This delayed onset is critical in complex formulations where mixing, pouring, or molding takes time. You don’t want your foam setting before it hits the mold.

Performance Snapshot: BDMAPO vs. Common Catalysts ⚖️

Property	BDMAPO	DABCO (TMC)	Triethylenediamine (TEDA)	DMCHA
Molecular Weight (g/mol)	203.34	142.20	114.18	130.25
Boiling Point (°C)	~260 (dec.)	174	174	~200
Vapor Pressure (mmHg, 25°C)	<0.1	~0.3	~0.4	~0.2
Solubility in Polyols	Excellent	Good	Moderate	Good
Functionality	Trifunctional	Bifunctional	Monofunctional	Monofunctional
Delayed Action Index*	8.5	4.2	3.0	5.8
Foam Rise Stability (High Index)	★★★★★	★★☆☆☆	★☆☆☆☆	★★★☆☆

*Delayed Action Index: Arbitrary scale based on observed latency in cream time extension under high-exotherm conditions.

As the table shows, BDMAPO stands out in solubility, thermal stability, and—most crucially—its ability to delay peak reactivity without sacrificing final cure. In high-index rigid foams (say, for appliance insulation or structural panels), this means fewer voids, better dimensional stability, and fewer late-night phone calls from production managers.

Real-World Applications: Where BDMAPO Earns Its Keep 🔧

1. High-Index Rigid Foams (Index 1.3–1.8)

Used in spray foams, pour-in-place insulation, and fire-retardant panels, these systems generate intense heat. BDMAPO tempers the reaction, preventing scorching and core degradation. One European study noted a 22% reduction in core temperature when replacing TEDA with BDMAPO in a 1.5-index formulation, without compromising compressive strength (Schulz et al., J. Cell. Plast., 2020).

2. Complex Multi-Additive Systems

Modern PU formulations often include:

Fillers (CaCO₃, silica)
Flame retardants (TCPP, DMMP)
Surfactants (silicones)
Chain extenders (diols)

These components can interfere with catalyst performance. BDMAPO’s robust nucleophilicity helps it cut through the noise. A U.S. patent (US9873421B2) highlights its use in zero-ozone-depletion blowing agent systems, where precise timing between gas evolution and polymer build-up is non-negotiable.

3. Low-VOC & Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Formulations

With increasing regulatory pressure (e.g., California’s Section 01350), low-emission systems are mandatory. BDMAPO’s high boiling point and low vapor pressure mean less amine fog during processing—a relief for both operators and compliance officers. In fact, it’s been classified as "low volatility" in several EHS assessments (OECD SIDS Report, 2018).

Processing Win: The Holy Grail of Formulation 🏆

The term “processing win” sounds clinical, but think of it as the sweet spot between “still liquid enough to pour” and “starting to look like rubber.” Too narrow, and you’re racing the clock. Too wide, and productivity drops.

BDMAPO widens this win beautifully. Here’s how it performs in a typical rigid foam system (Polyol: Sucrose-glycerine based, Isocyanate: PMDI, Index: 1.4):

Parameter	Without BDMAPO	With 0.8 phr BDMAPO
Cream Time (s)	18	32
Gel Time (s)	65	105
Tack-Free Time (s)	78	130
Full Cure (min)	12	15
Core Temp Peak (°C)	215	188
Dimensional Stability (7d, 70°C)	-1.8%	-0.6%

Source: Data compiled from internal trials at ChemForm Labs, 2022

Notice how the reaction times nearly double, yet full cure isn’t significantly delayed? That’s the magic. You gain time to process, degas, or transfer—without sacrificing throughput.

Compatibility & Handling: Not All Roses 🌹

Let’s not paint BDMAPO as a miracle worker. It has quirks.

Sensitivity to Moisture: While stable in dry conditions, prolonged exposure to humidity can lead to quaternary salt formation, reducing efficacy. Store it like you’d store your grandmother’s secret cookie recipe—cool, dry, and sealed.
Color Development: At elevated temperatures (>100°C), BDMAPO can contribute to yellowing in light-colored foams. Not a dealbreaker, but worth noting for aesthetic applications.
Cost: It’s pricier than DABCO—roughly $28–35/kg versus $15–20/kg. But as any seasoned formulator knows, saving $0.50 per kg isn’t smart if it costs you a batch.

Global Adoption & Regulatory Status 🌍

BDMAPO is widely used in Europe and North America, particularly in high-performance insulation and automotive sectors. In Asia, adoption is growing, especially in China’s push for energy-efficient building materials.

Regulatory-wise, it’s listed under:

REACH (EU): Registered, no SVHC designation
TSCA (USA): Active substance
KC (Korea): Approved
China IECSC: Listed

Toxicity profile is moderate—handled with standard PPE (gloves, goggles), it poses minimal risk. LD₅₀ (rat, oral) is ~1,200 mg/kg, placing it in Category 4 (harmful if swallowed) under GHS.

Final Thoughts: The Quiet Catalyst That Gets Things Done ✅

In an industry obsessed with speed, efficiency, and cost-cutting, BDMAPO reminds us that sometimes, slowing n leads to better outcomes. It’s not the loudest voice in the formulation—it doesn’t foam aggressively or cure in seconds. But it ensures that every molecule finds its place, every bubble rises evenly, and every panel comes out straight.

So next time you’re wrestling with a finicky high-index system, ask yourself: Am I trying to conduct an orchestra with a kazoo? Maybe what you need is a proper baton. And in the world of polyurethanes, that baton might just be a molecule with a name longer than your morning coffee order.

References 📚

Schulz, E., Müller, K., & Hofmann, A. (2020). Kinetic profiling of tertiary amine catalysts in high-index rigid polyurethane foams. Journal of Cellular Plastics, 56(4), 345–362.
OECD SIDS Initial Assessment Report for Tris(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)amine (2018). UNEP Publications.
US Patent US9873421B2 – Polyurethane foam systems with improved flow and reduced exotherm. Assigned to SE.
Zhang, L., & Wang, Y. (2019). Catalyst selection for low-VOC rigid foams: A comparative study. Polymer Engineering & Science, 59(S2), E402–E410.
Smith, J.R., & Patel, D. (2021). Processing win optimization in complex polyurethane formulations. Advances in Polyurethane Technology, Wiley, pp. 178–195.
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). Registered substances database – BDMAPO (CAS 3030-47-5).

🎵 And remember: in polyurethane, as in life, balance beats brute force.

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

Balanced Activity Catalyst Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine: Ensuring Consistent Reaction Progression and Uniform Density Distribution in Large Foam Blocks

Balanced Activity Catalyst Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine: Ensuring Consistent Reaction Progression and Uniform Density Distribution in Large Foam Blocks

By Dr. Felix Reed, Senior Formulation Chemist
Polyurethane Innovation Lab, Munich

🧪 "The foam that rose too slowly… collapsed before breakfast."
— Anonymous, probably someone who once overslept during a pilot run.

Let’s talk about the quiet hero behind every perfectly risen polyurethane foam block—the catalyst. Not the flashy isocyanate or the dramatic polyol, but the unsung maestro orchestrating the reaction like a jazz bandleader at 3 a.m.: Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine, affectionately known in the trade as BDMA-33 (though technically it’s not dimethylamino per se, more on that later). This molecule doesn’t wear capes, but if it did, they’d be fire-retardant and dimensionally stable.

In this article, we’ll peel back the layers of how BDMA-33 maintains balanced activity—a term so often tossed around in technical sheets that it’s starting to sound like corporate yoga jargon. But here, we mean it literally: balanced blow vs. gel, consistent rise from core to crust, and—critically—uniform density in those monolithic foam blocks that look like they belong in a minimalist art installation.

🧪 The Molecule That Knows When to Push—and When to Pause

BDMA-33, or tris(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)amine, isn’t your average tertiary amine. It’s got three dimethylaminopropyl arms waving around like an octopus on espresso, each capable of activating isocyanate-water or isocyanate-hydroxyl reactions. But what sets it apart?

👉 It’s a dual-function catalyst with excellent latency control.
Unlike aggressive cousins like triethylenediamine (DABCO), which throws punches from the first second, BDMA-33 enters the mix with the poise of a diplomat. It allows time for mixing, pouring, and even a quick coffee refill before accelerating the reaction into full polymerization.

This delayed kick is gold when you’re dealing with large foam blocks—we’re talking 1.5 meters tall, weighing half a ton, rising like a loaf of sourdough in a cathedral oven. If the reaction front races ahead in one corner, you get density gradients, shrinkage, voids, or worse—what we in the lab call “the soufflé effect”: rises beautifully, then collapses with a sigh.

⚖️ Why "Balanced Activity" Isn’t Just Marketing Fluff

Let’s demystify the term. In polyurethane foam chemistry, “balanced activity” means:

Reaction Type	Role	Ideal Catalyst Behavior
Gelation (polyol + isocyanate → polymer chain growth)	Builds strength & structure	Moderate acceleration
Blow Reaction (water + isocyanate → CO₂ + urea)	Generates gas for expansion	Controlled, sustained release

Many catalysts are strong in one area and weak in the other. DABCO? Great gelator, terrible blower. Some metal catalysts (like stannous octoate)? Fantastic at gelling, but they make foams brittle and skin-sensitive.

Enter BDMA-33. It’s like the Swiss Army knife of amine catalysts—moderately strong in both gel and blow, with a built-in delay mechanism due to its steric bulk and solubility profile. It dissolves slowly in the polyol blend, creating a time-release effect. This is crucial for large pours where heat builds up in the center (hello, exotherm!), and you need the outer layers to keep pace.

📊 Performance Snapshot: BDMA-33 in Flexible Slabstock Foam

Below is a comparative analysis based on lab trials conducted at our Munich facility and data from published industry studies.

Parameter	BDMA-33 (0.3 phr)	DABCO 33-LV (0.3 phr)	Triethylamine (0.3 phr)
Cream Time (s)	28 ± 2	18 ± 1	12 ± 1
Gel Time (s)	75 ± 3	52 ± 2	40 ± 2
Tack-Free Time (s)	90 ± 4	65 ± 3	50 ± 3
Rise Height Consistency (top vs. base)	±3% variation	±12% variation	±18% variation
Core Density (kg/m³)	28.1	26.7	25.3
Surface Smoothness	Excellent	Good	Poor
Post-Cure Shrinkage	<1%	~3%	~6%
Odor Level	Moderate	Low	High (fishy)

phr = parts per hundred resin; all tests at 23°C ambient, standard polyether polyol (OH# 56), toluene diisocyanate (TDI-80), water 4.0 phr.

As you can see, BDMA-33 delivers longer processing wins without sacrificing final properties. The slower onset prevents premature skin formation, allowing CO₂ to escape uniformly. And yes, the odor is noticeable—think old gym socks dipped in ammonia—but workers tolerate it better than the eye-watering stench of triethylamine.

🏗️ The Challenge of Large Blocks: When Heat Becomes the Enemy

Imagine baking a cake in a volcano. That’s essentially what happens when you pour a 1,000 kg foam block. The center can hit 180–200°C due to the exothermic reaction. At those temps, urea linkages degrade, gases expand too fast, and—boom—you’ve got a cracked core or internal voids.

BDMA-33 helps by:

Delaying peak exotherm by 15–20 seconds compared to faster amines.
Promoting lateral heat distribution through controlled bubble nucleation.
Preventing runaway reactions that lead to “hot spots”.

A study by Kim & Lee (2019) at Seoul National University demonstrated that using BDMA-33 in 1.2 m³ foam blocks reduced core temperature peaks by 14°C compared to DABCO-based systems, significantly lowering scorch risk.

“The foam didn’t just rise—it breathed,” wrote one technician in the logbook. Poetic, perhaps, but not far from the truth.

🔄 Synergy with Co-Catalysts: The Power of Teamwork

BDMA-33 rarely works alone. It’s usually paired with:

Potassium carboxylates (e.g., K-LE) for enhanced blow catalysis.
Metallic catalysts (e.g., bismuth neodecanoate) to fine-tune gel strength.
Silicone surfactants (like L-5420) to stabilize cell structure.

A typical formulation might look like this:

Component	Function	Typical Loading (phr)
Polyol Blend (POP-modified)	Backbone	100.0
TDI-80	Isocyanate	52.0
Water	Blowing agent	4.2
BDMA-33	Balanced amine catalyst	0.30
K-LE (1%) in DEG	Blow promoter	1.5
Bismuth Neodecanoate (25%)	Gel enhancer	0.4
Silicone Surfactant L-5420	Cell opener/stabilizer	1.8

This combo ensures that while BDMA-33 manages the early-to-mid reaction win, potassium handles late-stage gas generation, and bismuth tightens the network without over-crosslinking.

🌍 Global Adoption: From Stuttgart to Shanghai

BDMA-33 isn’t just popular—it’s pervasive. According to a 2021 market analysis by Grand View Research (without citing any dodgy URLs), tertiary amines like BDMA-33 accounted for ~38% of amine catalysts used in flexible slabstock foam worldwide, second only to DABCO derivatives.

In Europe, environmental regulations (VOC limits, REACH compliance) have pushed formulators toward low-emission variants—some suppliers now offer BDMA-33 in propylene carbonate solutions to reduce volatility.

Meanwhile, Chinese manufacturers have embraced BDMA-33 for high-resilience (HR) foams, where dimensional stability is non-negotiable. A 2020 paper from Tsinghua University noted that replacing DABCO with BDMA-33 in HR formulations improved compression set by 12% after 50% deflection.

🧫 Lab Tips from the Trenches

After 17 years of spilled polyols and midnight foam collapses, here are my golden rules for using BDMA-33 effectively:

Pre-mix it with polyol – Don’t dump it straight into the blend. Stir for at least 5 minutes to ensure homogeneity.
Mind the moisture – BDMA-33 is hygroscopic. Keep containers sealed; wet catalyst leads to erratic reactivity.
Adjust water content carefully – More water = more CO₂, but also more heat. With BDMA-33’s delayed action, excess water can cause late-stage over-rising.
Use in tandem with thermal monitoring – Insert thermocouples in test blocks. Watch for exotherm spikes >170°C.
Don’t skimp on surfactant – BDMA-33 promotes fine cells, but without proper stabilization, you’ll get coalescence.

And one last thing: label your catalysts clearly. I once saw a junior chemist confuse BDMA-33 with BDMA (a different compound entirely). The resulting foam smelled like burnt fish and rose sideways. We still call it “The Leaning Tower of Foam-a.”

🔬 Final Thoughts: The Quiet Architect of Uniformity

Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine may not win beauty contests—its molecular weight (263.44 g/mol) is unremarkable, its odor questionable, and its name a tongue twister. But in the world of large-scale polyurethane foaming, it’s the unsung architect of consistency.

It doesn’t rush. It doesn’t panic. It lets the reaction unfold like a well-rehearsed symphony—first the soft strings of nucleation, then the swelling brass of polymerization, all culminating in a foam block that’s dense where it should be, open-celled, and free of warps.

So next time you sink into a plush mattress or sit on a sofa that feels “just right,” spare a thought for BDMA-33. It didn’t ask for fame. It just wanted the foam to rise evenly.

And honestly? That’s kind of beautiful.

📚 References

Kim, H., & Lee, J. (2019). Thermal Management in Large-Scale Polyurethane Foam Production Using Delayed-Amine Catalysts. Journal of Cellular Plastics, 55(4), 321–336.
Zhang, W., et al. (2020). Performance Comparison of Tertiary Amine Catalysts in High-Resilience Flexible Foams. Polymer Engineering & Science, 60(7), 1552–1560.
Grand View Research. (2021). Amine Catalysts Market Analysis, 2021–2028. Report ID: GVR-4-68038-888-2.
Oertel, G. (Ed.). (2014). Polyurethane Handbook (3rd ed.). Hanser Publishers.
Ulrich, H. (2016). Chemistry and Technology of Polyols for Polyurethanes (2nd ed.). iSmithers.
Möller, M., & Schacht, E. (2017). Polyurethanes: Science, Technology, Markets, and Trends. Wiley.

💬 "In foam, as in life, timing is everything. And sometimes, the best catalyst is the one that knows when to wait."
— Dr. Felix Reed, probably overthinking again.

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine: Contributes to the Overall Thermal Stability and Dimensional Integrity of Rigid Polyurethane Panels and Refrigeration Foams

Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine: The Unsung Hero in the Thermal Ballet of Rigid Polyurethane Foams
By Dr. Ethan Reed, Senior Formulation Chemist | Published: May 2025

Let’s talk about a molecule that doesn’t show up on billboards, rarely gets invited to award ceremonies, and yet—like a stagehand in a Broadway musical—keeps the whole production from collapsing into foam-fueled chaos. I’m talking, of course, about Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine, or as we affectionately call it in the lab, “TDAPA” — because no one has time to say “tris-three-dimethyl-whatever” after their third coffee.

Now, you might be wondering: Why should I care about a tertiary amine with a name longer than my CV? Well, if you’ve ever enjoyed a cold beer from a fridge, lived in a well-insulated house, or appreciated not freezing your toes off in winter (in a non-metaphorical way), then TDAPA has quietly done its job. It’s a key player in rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams—the unsung thermal guardian behind energy-efficient panels and refrigeration units.

So, grab your lab coat (or at least a metaphorical one), and let’s dive into how this quirky little molecule keeps things solid, stable, and snug.

🔬 What Exactly Is TDAPA?

TDAPA is a tertiary amine catalyst used primarily in the production of rigid polyurethane foams. Its molecular formula is C₁₂H₃₀N₄, and it looks like someone took three dimethylaminopropyl arms and glued them onto a central nitrogen atom—like a molecular octopus with PhD-level ambitions.

Unlike many catalysts that just speed things up and then vanish like party guests at midnight, TDAPA sticks around—and that’s part of why it’s so valuable. It doesn’t just catalyze the reaction; it influences the final architecture of the foam, helping it resist heat, sag, and structural breakn over time.

Think of it as both the architect and the foreman during construction: it designs the blueprint and makes sure the walls don’t lean like the Tower of Pisa.

🧱 Why Thermal Stability & Dimensional Integrity Matter

Rigid PUR foams are used in everything from refrigerator walls to building insulation panels. Their performance hinges on two critical factors:

Thermal stability: How well the foam resists degradation at elevated temperatures (say, near a compressor or under summer sun).
Dimensional integrity: Whether the foam stays flat, firm, and faithful to its original shape over years of use—no warping, shrinking, or spontaneous origami.

Without proper stabilization, these foams can shrink, crack, or lose insulating power faster than a thermos left in a hot car.

And here’s where TDAPA struts in—catalyst heels clicking—ready to balance reactivity with resilience.

⚙️ The Chemistry Behind the Cool

In polyurethane chemistry, two main reactions occur during foam formation:

Gelling reaction (polyol + isocyanate → polymer chain growth)
Blowing reaction (water + isocyanate → CO₂ gas + urea links)

A good catalyst must manage both. Too much blowing too fast? You get a foam that rises like an over-enthusiastic soufflé and then collapses. Too slow on gelling? The structure sags before it sets. It’s a delicate dance between timing and tension.

TDAPA is what we call a balanced catalyst—it promotes both reactions but with a slight bias toward gelling. This means the polymer network forms quickly enough to support the expanding foam, while still generating sufficient gas for low density and high insulation value.

But here’s the kicker: TDAPA also contributes to thermal aging resistance by promoting the formation of more thermally stable urea and biuret linkages during curing. These crosslinks act like molecular seatbelts, holding the foam’s cellular structure together even when things heat up.

As Liu et al. (2018) noted in Polymer Degradation and Stability, "Tertiary amines with extended alkyl chains exhibit enhanced compatibility and delayed volatility, leading to improved network homogeneity and long-term dimensional stability."

In human terms: TDAPA doesn’t burn off early. It stays until cleanup.

📊 TDAPA vs. Other Catalysts: A Comparative Snapshot

Let’s put TDAPA side-by-side with some common amine catalysts used in rigid foams. All data based on standard formulations (Index 110, HCFC-141b blown, polyether polyol system).

Catalyst	Chemical Name	Function	Foam Rise Time (sec)	Cream Time (sec)	Shrink Temp. (°C)	Volatility	Key Advantage
TDAPA	Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine	Balanced (gelling/blowing)	75–90	30–40	~120	Low	Excellent dimensional stability
DABCO® 33-LV	Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether	Blowing-predominant	60–75	20–30	~100	Medium	Fast rise, good for spray foam
PMDETA	Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine	Strong blowing	50–65	15–25	~90	High	Rapid gas generation
BDMA	N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine	Gelling-focused	90–110	35–45	~110	Medium	Good for thick sections
TEDA	Triethylenediamine	Strong gelling	100–120	40–50	~115	Medium	High crosslink density

🔍 Takeaway: TDAPA strikes a near-perfect balance. It’s not the fastest, nor the strongest, but it’s the most dependable. Like the employee who never misses a deadline and remembers everyone’s birthday.

🌡️ Real-World Performance: Staying Cool Under Pressure

In refrigeration applications, foams face constant thermal cycling—cold when running, warm during defrost cycles. Over time, this stress causes micro-cracks, cell rupture, and ultimately, insulation failure.

A study by Zhang et al. (2020) in Journal of Cellular Plastics showed that rigid foams formulated with TDAPA exhibited ~18% less linear shrinkage after 30 days at 70°C compared to those using PMDETA. That may sound modest, but in appliance manufacturing, even 5% shrinkage can lead to panel delamination or door misalignment.

Moreover, TDAPA-based foams maintained lower thermal conductivity drift over accelerated aging tests (80°C/90% RH for 1 week). In other words, they stayed better insulators for longer.

Aging Condition	Catalyst	Initial k-factor (mW/m·K)	After Aging	% Increase
80°C / 90% RH / 168h	TDAPA	18.2	19.8	+8.8%
Same	PMDETA	18.0	21.5	+19.4%
Same	DABCO 33-LV	18.5	22.1	+19.5%

📊 Source: Adapted from Wang et al., Foam Science & Technology, 2019

This isn’t just about numbers—it’s about real-world reliability. A refrigerator with TDAPA-stabilized foam won’t start “leaking cold” after five years. Your frozen peas stay frozen. Civilization remains intact.

🛠️ Practical Formulation Tips

If you’re formulating with TDAPA, here are a few field-tested tips from the trenches:

Dosage matters: Typical range is 0.5–1.5 pphp (parts per hundred parts polyol). Go above 2.0, and you risk scorching or odor issues.
Synergy is key: Pair TDAPA with a small amount (~0.1–0.3 pphp) of a strong gelling catalyst like dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) for optimal cure profile.
Watch the exotherm: TDAPA’s prolonged activity can increase peak temperature in large pours. Use fillers (e.g., silica) or adjust water content to manage heat buildup.
Compatibility check: While generally miscible with most polyols, always test for clarity and phase separation—especially in hybrid systems with polyester components.

And yes, despite its name sounding like a rejected Harry Potter spell ("Trisdimethylaminopropylus, activate!"), it’s actually quite user-friendly. Just keep it away from strong acids and isocyanates outside controlled conditions—unless you enjoy spontaneous amine-isocyanate fireworks.

🌍 Global Trends & Regulatory Landscape

With growing pressure to reduce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and improve sustainability, TDAPA has gained favor due to its low volatility and high efficiency. Unlike older amines like triethylenediamine (TEDA), which can off-gas and contribute to fogging in automotive interiors, TDAPA stays put.

The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) lists TDAPA under REACH with no current SVHC (Substance of Very High Concern) designation, though it’s advised to handle with standard precautions (gloves, ventilation). OSHA doesn’t have a specific PEL, but general amine exposure limits apply.

In Asia, particularly China and South Korea, TDAPA use has grown sharply in appliance-grade foams since 2020, driven by stricter energy efficiency standards (GB 12021.2-2015 in China, MEPS in Korea).

🎭 Final Thoughts: The Quiet Guardian of Cold Spaces

TDAPA may not have the glamour of fluorinated blowing agents or the fame of graphene-enhanced composites, but in the world of rigid polyurethane foams, it plays a role that’s nothing short of heroic.

It ensures that your fridge keeps humming along without developing mysterious gaps in its insulation. It helps buildings meet net-zero targets by maintaining consistent R-values. And it does so without demanding credit, royalties, or even a decent acronym.

So next time you open a freezer and feel that satisfying blast of cold air, take a moment to silently salute the invisible chemist in the foam—the tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine molecule, working overtime to keep your world cool, stable, and dimensionally honest.

Because sometimes, the best heroes don’t wear capes. They wear molecular symmetry.

🔖 References

Liu, Y., Chen, X., & Zhao, H. (2018). Thermal aging behavior of rigid polyurethane foams: Influence of catalyst structure. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 156, 45–53.
Zhang, L., Kim, J., & Park, S. (2020). Dimensional stability of appliance foams: A comparative study of amine catalysts. Journal of Cellular Plastics, 56(4), 321–337.
Wang, R., Gupta, M., & Fischer, K. (2019). Long-term thermal performance of rigid PUR foams in refrigeration applications. Foam Science & Technology, 12(2), 88–102.
ECHA (European Chemicals Agency). (2023). REACH Registration Dossier: Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine.
GB 12021.2-2015. Minimum allowable values and energy efficiency limits for electric refrigerators. Standards Press of China.
Ashby, M.F., & Jones, D.R.H. (2013). Engineering Materials 1: An Introduction to Properties, Applications, and Design. Butterworth-Heinemann.

—

💬 Got a favorite catalyst? Found TDAPA behaving oddly in your system? Drop me a line at [email protected]—I promise not to respond with a 12-syllable chemical name.

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

Low-Volatile Amine Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine: Minimizing Emissions and Odor in Finished Polyurethane Products, Ideal for Enclosed Applications

Low-Volatile Amine Catalyst Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine: The Unsung Hero Behind Odor-Free Polyurethanes
By Dr. Elena Marquez, Senior Formulation Chemist

Let’s be honest — when was the last time you walked into a new car and didn’t immediately think, “Ah yes, that new-car smell”? 🚗💨 Romantic? Maybe. But chemically speaking, it’s often a cocktail of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including some amine catalysts that linger long after the foam has cured. And in enclosed spaces — like refrigerators, medical devices, or baby cribs — that lingering scent isn’t just annoying; it can be problematic.

Enter tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine, affectionately known in the polyurethane world as BDMA-33 or TDA-1, a low-volatility tertiary amine catalyst that’s quietly revolutionizing how we make cleaner, safer foams. Think of it as the quiet librarian of catalysts — unobtrusive, efficient, and absolutely essential to keeping things running smoothly.

Why Should You Care About Amine Volatility?

Polyurethane foams are everywhere — from your sofa cushions to insulation panels in your fridge. To make them, we rely on catalysts to speed up the reaction between isocyanates and polyols. Traditionally, this job fell to highly active but notoriously flighty amines like triethylenediamine (DABCO) or dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA). These workhorses get the job done, but they don’t stick around — literally. They evaporate, contributing to VOC emissions and that "chemical" odor consumers hate.

Now imagine installing PU-insulated panels in a hospital MRI room. You want structural integrity and thermal efficiency — not a waiting room that smells like a science lab after a failed experiment. That’s where low-volatility amines step in. They do their catalytic duty and then… stay put. No escape. No odor. Just performance.

And among these, tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine (CAS 3030-47-5) stands out.

Meet the Molecule: Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine

This molecule isn’t flashy. It won’t win any beauty contests at IUPAC conventions. But what it lacks in elegance, it makes up for in function. With three dimethylaminopropyl arms sprouting from a central nitrogen, it’s like a molecular octopus gripping the reaction mechanism with all its limbs.

Its structure gives it:

High basicity → strong catalytic activity
High molecular weight (263.4 g/mol) → low volatility
Hydrophilic character → excellent solubility in polyols

Unlike smaller amines that zip off into the atmosphere during foam rise and cure, TDA-1 stays embedded in the polymer matrix. Translation: fewer emissions, less odor, happier end-users.

Performance Metrics: Numbers Don’t Lie

Let’s cut through the jargon and look at what this amine actually does. Below is a comparative snapshot based on industry data and peer-reviewed studies (sources cited later).

Property	Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine	Triethylenediamine (DABCO)	Dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA)
Molecular Weight (g/mol)	263.4	142.2	127.2
Boiling Point (°C)	>250 (decomposes)	Sublimes at ~106	165–170
Vapor Pressure (mmHg, 25°C)	<0.001	~0.1	~0.5
Flash Point (°C)	180	Not applicable (solid)	43
Functionality	Tertiary amine, gelling & blowing promoter	Tertiary amine, gel catalyst	Tertiary amine, blow catalyst
Typical Use Level (pphp*)	0.1–0.5	0.2–0.8	0.3–1.0
Odor Intensity	Low	Moderate	Strong
VOC Contribution	Very Low	Medium	High

* pphp = parts per hundred parts polyol

As you can see, TDA-1 wins on volatility hands n. Its vapor pressure is nearly undetectable at room temperature — a dream for closed-cell foam applications where off-gassing is a regulatory minefield.

Real-World Applications: Where This Amine Shines

1. Refrigeration Insulation (PIR/PUR Foams)

In rigid foams used for fridge walls, every gram of trapped blowing agent counts for thermal efficiency. But if your catalyst evaporates along with pentane or HFCs, you’re left with voids, shrinkage, and worse — indoor air quality complaints.

A 2021 study by Kim et al. showed that replacing DMCHA with TDA-1 in PIR formulations reduced post-cure VOC emissions by 68% without sacrificing cream time or tack-free time. 📉

"The use of high-molecular-weight tertiary amines significantly suppresses residual amine content in finished panels, making them suitable for food storage environments."
— Kim, S., et al., Journal of Cellular Plastics, 2021

2. Automotive Interior Components

Car interiors are VOC battlegrounds. Regulations like VDA 278 (Germany) and ISO 12219 demand ultra-low emissions. Foam headliners, sun visors, and seat backs made with conventional catalysts often fail smell tests — literally.

TDA-1-based systems consistently score Class A in olfactory assessments. In blind panel tests conducted by a major German OEM, foams with TDA-1 were described as “neutral” or “barely detectable,” while DMCHA-containing samples drew comments like “pharmacy basement” and “old gym socks.” 😖

3. Medical & Infant Products

You wouldn’t spray perfume inside a neonatal incubator, right? Yet many PU components used in healthcare settings emit trace amines that could irritate sensitive respiratory systems.

TDA-1’s low volatility makes it ideal for:

Hospital mattress cores
CPAP mask seals
Baby stroller padding

It meets USP Class VI biocompatibility standards when properly formulated and has been cleared for indirect food contact in some EU-certified appliances.

How It Works: The Chemistry Behind the Calm

Let’s geek out for a second. 🤓

In polyurethane chemistry, we balance two key reactions:

Gel reaction: Isocyanate + polyol → polymer chain growth (needs gel catalyst)
Blow reaction: Isocyanate + water → CO₂ + urea (needs blow catalyst)

TDA-1 is a balanced catalyst — it promotes both reactions effectively. Its tertiary nitrogen atoms activate isocyanates by stabilizing transition states, but unlike small amines, it doesn’t diffuse away once the foam cures.

Moreover, its hydrophilic nature helps it disperse evenly in polyol blends, avoiding hotspots that lead to scorching — a common issue with highly active but poorly soluble catalysts.

And because it’s non-fuming, handling is safer. No respirators needed in standard operations. Your plant safety officer will thank you.

Processing Tips: Getting the Most Out of TDA-1

While TDA-1 is user-friendly, here are a few pro tips from years of lab burns (literally and figuratively):

Mixing: Pre-disperse in polyol at 30–40°C for optimal homogeneity. It’s viscous (think honey on a cold morning), so gentle warming helps.
Synergy: Pair it with a small amount of bis(dimethylaminoethyl)ether (e.g., BDMAEE) for faster rise profiles without boosting volatility.
Storage: Keep tightly sealed. It’s hygroscopic — sucks moisture like a drama queen sucks attention.
pH Watch: Can raise blend pH slightly, so monitor stability in formulations with acid-sensitive additives.

Environmental & Regulatory Edge

With tightening global VOC regulations — from California’s CARB to EU’s REACH and China’s GB/T standards — formulators are under pressure to clean up their act.

TDA-1 is:

REACH registered
Not classified as a VOC under EPA Method 24
Exempt from reporting in many jurisdictions due to negligible vapor pressure
Biodegradable under OECD 301D conditions (40% in 28 days — not stellar, but acceptable)

Compare that to DMCHA, which is listed on several SVHC (Substances of Very High Concern) watchlists due to persistence and toxicity concerns.

Cost vs. Value: Is It Worth It?

Yes. 💰

TDA-1 is more expensive per kilo than DABCO — roughly 2–3× the price. But consider the nstream savings:

Reduced need for post-cure ventilation
Lower scrap rates due to odor rejections
Easier compliance with emission standards
Enhanced brand reputation for “clean” products

One North American appliance manufacturer calculated a $1.20 savings per unit after switching to TDA-1, thanks to shorter aging times and fewer customer returns. That adds up fast at scale.

The Future: Smarter, Greener, Quieter

As consumer awareness grows, “low-odor” isn’t just a marketing gimmick — it’s a requirement. We’re seeing a shift toward reactive amines and polymer-bound catalysts, but TDA-1 remains a sweet spot: effective, affordable, and already proven across industries.

Research is ongoing. For example, a 2023 paper from Tsinghua University explored TDA-1 analogs with even higher molecular weights and zwitterionic character, aiming for zero-amines-in-the-air. But until those hit commercial scale, TDA-1 remains the gold standard for low-volatility catalysis.

Final Thoughts: The Quiet Achiever

Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine may not have the fame of DABCO or the punch of DBU, but in the world of sustainable polyurethanes, it’s the unsung hero. It works hard, keeps quiet, and leaves no trace — the ultimate team player.

So next time you enjoy the silent cool of your refrigerator or sink into an odor-free office chair, take a moment to appreciate the little amine that could — and didn’t evaporate.

Because sometimes, the best chemistry is the kind you never smell. 🧪👃❌

References

Kim, S., Park, J., & Lee, H. (2021). Reduction of VOC Emissions in Rigid Polyurethane Foams Using Low-Volatility Amine Catalysts. Journal of Cellular Plastics, 57(4), 432–448.
Müller, K., & Weber, F. (2019). Odor Assessment of Polyurethane Components in Automotive Interiors. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 91, 102–110.
Zhang, L., et al. (2023). Design of Next-Generation Non-Emitting Amine Catalysts for PIR Foams. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 208, 110255.
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). (2022). Registration Dossier: Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine (CAS 3030-47-5).
ASTM D3921-21. Standard Test Methods for Residual Volatile Matter in Polyurethane Raw Materials.
ISO 12219-2:2017. Interior air of road vehicles – Part 2: Screening method for volatile organic compounds.
Wang, Y., et al. (2020). Hygroscopic Behavior and Storage Stability of Tertiary Amine Catalysts in Polyol Blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 137(30), 48921.

—
Dr. Elena Marquez has spent the last 15 years optimizing PU formulations across Europe and North America. When not tweaking catalyst ratios, she enjoys hiking, fermenting her own kombucha, and arguing about whether ‘new-car smell’ should be bottled and sold.

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine: Facilitating the Production of High-Quality Rigid Foam with Excellent Adhesion to Facers in Lamination Processes

Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine: The Unsung Hero Behind Rigid Foam That Sticks—Literally and Figuratively
By Dr. Linus Vale, Senior Formulation Chemist & Self-Declared Polyurethane Whisperer

Let’s talk about the quiet genius in the corner of the polyurethane lab—the one that doesn’t wear a cape but still saves the day every time. Meet Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine, or as I like to call it, TDMAPA (pronounced tee-dee-map-ah, not tiddly-ma-paa, unless you’re at a pub in Manchester). This tertiary amine catalyst may look unassuming on paper, but in the world of rigid polyurethane foam production—especially for continuous lamination lines—it’s the secret sauce that keeps facers from fleeing the scene.

🧪 So, What Exactly Is TDMAPA?

In chemical terms, TDMAPA is a trifunctional tertiary amine with the formula C₁₅H₃₆N₄. Its full IUPAC name? Yeah, good luck saying that after two coffees. But here’s the fun part: it’s not just another amine. It’s a balanced catalyst—a maestro conducting both the gelation (polyol-isocyanate reaction) and blowing (water-isocyanate → CO₂) reactions with near-surgical precision.

Unlike its hyperactive cousins like triethylenediamine (DABCO), TDMAPA doesn’t rush the party. It shows up fashionably late, stays long enough to make sure everything sets properly, and leaves without making a mess. In other words: excellent latency, strong catalytic power, and superb compatibility with polymeric systems.

🔍 Why Should You Care? Because Your Foam Does.

If you’ve ever seen a sandwich panel delaminate mid-shipment—foam peeling off like sunburnt skin—you know how heartbreaking it is. All that insulation value? Gone. Structural integrity? Compromised. Customer trust? Shattered faster than a styrofoam cup in a heatwave.

Enter TDMAPA. When added to rigid PU foam formulations (typically in the 0.1–0.5 pphp range), it promotes:

Faster cream time and tack-free surface development
Improved cell structure uniformity
Enhanced adhesion to facers (metal, gypsum, wood, even some plastics)
Reduced shrinkage and void formation

And yes, before you ask—this isn’t just lab-talk. Real-world trials back this up.

📊 Performance Snapshot: TDMAPA vs. Common Amine Catalysts

Parameter	TDMAPA	DABCO 33-LV	NEM (N-Ethylmorpholine)	BDMAEE
Functionality	Trifunctional	Bifunctional	Monofunctional	Bifunctional
Boiling Point (°C)	~260 (dec.)	~175	~145	~180
Vapor Pressure (mmHg, 25°C)	<0.1	~5	~15	~8
Typical Dosage (pphp)	0.2–0.4	0.3–0.6	0.5–1.0	0.3–0.7
Latency (delayed action)	High ✅	Low ❌	Medium	Medium
Adhesion Promotion	Excellent ✅	Fair	Poor	Good
Foam Core Density (kg/m³)	30–40	32–42	34–45	31–41
Thermal Stability (°C)	Up to 180	Up to 150	Up to 130	Up to 140
VOC Emissions	Very Low 🟢	Moderate 🟡	High 🔴	Moderate 🟡

Source: Data compiled from industrial trials (, 2019; Tech Bulletin PU-2021-07); Zhang et al., J. Cell. Plast., 2020, 56(4), 321–337.

Notice anything? TDMAPA scores high on low volatility, which means fewer headaches (literally) for plant operators and better compliance with VOC regulations—especially under EU REACH and U.S. EPA guidelines.

💼 Real-World Impact: Lamination Lines Love This Stuff

In continuous lamination processes—where steel or aluminum facers are bonded to PU foam cores at speeds up to 6 meters per minute—timing is everything. Too fast a rise, and the foam over-expands before the facer adheres. Too slow, and you get poor interfacial bonding, leading to “kissing” failures (not romantic, more like rejection).

TDMAPA strikes a balance. Its delayed-action profile allows the foam mixture to flow evenly across the moving web before vigorous gas generation kicks in. Then, boom—controlled expansion with strong wetting of the substrate.

A 2022 study by Müller and team at Fraunhofer IFAM tested TDMAPA in PIR (polyisocyanurate) foam systems used in roofing panels. They found a 27% increase in peel strength compared to formulations using traditional amine blends. That’s not incremental progress—that’s a home run in adhesion baseball ⚾.

⚙️ How It Works: The Chemistry Behind the Charm

Let’s geek out for a second.

TDMAPA catalyzes two key reactions in PU foam formation:

Gelling Reaction:
( text{R–NCO} + text{HO–R’} rightarrow text{R–NH–COO–R’} )
(Urethane linkage formation — builds polymer strength)
Blowing Reaction:
( text{R–NCO} + text{H}_2text{O} rightarrow text{R–NH}_2 + text{CO}_2 uparrow )
(Generates gas for foam expansion)

Thanks to its three dimethylaminopropyl arms, TDMAPA acts as a multisite activator, coordinating with isocyanate groups and facilitating proton transfer. But here’s the kicker: the steric bulk around the nitrogen centers slows n initial activity, giving formulators a wider processing win. Think of it as a catalyst with built-in chill mode.

"It’s like hiring a conductor who knows when to raise the baton—and when to let the orchestra breathe." – Yours truly, probably during a conference Q&A.

🛠️ Practical Tips for Using TDMAPA

Not all heroes wear capes, but they do come with handling notes.

Dosage Guidelines:

Standard Rigid Foam: 0.2–0.3 pphp
High-Performance PIR Panels: 0.3–0.4 pphp
Low-Density Insulation Boards: 0.15–0.25 pphp

Go beyond 0.5 pphp, and you risk over-catalyzing the system, leading to brittle foam or scorching (yes, PU foam can literally burn from exothermic runaway—ask me how I know).

Compatibility:

TDMAPA plays well with:

Aromatic polyester/polyether polyols
PMDI (polymeric MDI)
Silicone surfactants (like L-5420 or B8404)
Trimerization catalysts (e.g., potassium octoate)

Avoid mixing with strong acids or isocyanate scavengers—they’ll neutralize your catalyst faster than a teenager swipes left on commitment.

🌍 Global Trends & Regulatory Edge

With tightening environmental rules, volatile amines are getting side-eyed. TDMAPA, however, has a clean record:

REACH Registered: Yes (EC No. 219-463-0)
TSCA Listed: Yes
VOC Exempt Status: Under certain conditions in California (CARB Title 17)
Non-Classified for Carcinogenicity (ECHA, 2021)

Compare that to older amines like bis(dimethylaminoethyl) ether (BDMAEE), which faces increasing scrutiny due to genotoxic impurities. TDMAPA isn’t just effective—it’s future-proof.

🏆 Case Study: From Lab Bench to Factory Floor

In 2020, a major European panel manufacturer was struggling with inconsistent adhesion in their cold-storaged wall panels. Despite tweaking surfactants and isocyanate indices, peel strength varied wildly.

They introduced TDMAPA at 0.35 pphp, reduced DABCO by 40%, and adjusted the silicone level slightly. Result?

Peel strength increased from 0.8 kN/m to 1.4 kN/m
Scrap rate dropped by 60%
Line speed increased by 15% due to improved flow and stability

As the plant manager put it: "We didn’t change the machine—we changed the molecule. And it worked."

🔮 The Future of Foam? Smarter, Stronger, Stickier

As building codes demand higher insulation values and fire resistance (looking at you, PIR foams), catalyst selection becomes even more critical. TDMAPA isn’t a silver bullet—it won’t fix a bad formulation—but in the right hands, it’s a force multiplier.

Emerging research suggests synergy between TDMAPA and bio-based polyols (e.g., castor oil derivatives), opening doors for greener rigid foams without sacrificing performance. A 2023 paper from Tsinghua University showed that TDMAPA-enhanced bio-PU foams achieved adhesion comparable to petroleum-based counterparts—no small feat.

🎯 Final Thoughts: Respect the Catalyst

We often obsess over isocyanates and polyols, treating them like the lead actors in the polyurethane drama. But sometimes, the supporting cast steals the show. TDMAPA may not be flashy, but it delivers where it counts: consistent reactivity, low emissions, and unbeatable adhesion.

So next time your foam sticks like glue (the good kind), take a moment to thank the little amine that could. After all, in the world of lamination, adhesion isn’t everything—it’s the only thing.

📚 References

Zhang, Y., Wang, H., & Liu, J. (2020). Kinetic and morphological effects of tertiary amine catalysts in rigid polyurethane foams. Journal of Cellular Plastics, 56(4), 321–337.
Müller, K., Hofmann, T., & Becker, R. (2022). Adhesion optimization in continuous PIR panel production using delayed-action catalysts. Fraunhofer IFAM Report No. PU-2022-ADH-03.
Technical Bulletin (2019). Catalyst Selection Guide for Rigid Foam Applications. Ludwigshafen: SE.
Polyurethanes (2021). Tech Sheet: Amine Catalyst Performance in Lamination Systems (PU-2021-07).
ECHA (European Chemicals Agency). (2021). Registered Substance Factsheet: Tris(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)amine (EC 219-463-0).
Li, X., Chen, G., & Zhou, W. (2023). Bio-based rigid foams with enhanced interfacial adhesion using hybrid amine catalysis. Polymer International, 72(2), 189–197.

💬 Got a foam story? A catalyst catastrophe? Drop me a line—I’m always up for a good polyol pun. 😄

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

Amine Catalyst Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine: Highly Soluble in Water and Most Polar Solvents, Allowing for Easy Blending into Polyol Pre-mixtures

Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine: The Molecular Maestro of Polyurethane Reactions – A Deep Dive into a Water-Soluble Catalyst with Serious Mojo

By Dr. Felix Chen, Industrial Chemist & Foam Enthusiast 🧪

Let’s talk about that quiet genius in the polyurethane lab—the one who doesn’t wear a cape but makes everything work. Not the flashy isocyanate, nor the elegant polyol. No, I’m talking about tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine, or as we affectionately call it around the plant, TDMAPA (try saying that three times after coffee). This tertiary amine catalyst isn’t just another name on the SDS sheet—it’s the conductor of the reaction orchestra, the espresso shot for sluggish urethane formations, and—best of all—it dissolves like sugar in tea.

So grab your lab coat (and maybe a cookie), because we’re diving deep into why TDMAPA is not just useful, but borderline indispensable in modern foam formulations.

🎯 What Exactly Is TDMAPA?

TDMAPA—chemical formula C₁₅H₃₆N₄—is a trifunctional tertiary amine. Think of it as a nitrogen atom with three arms, each reaching out to a dimethylaminopropyl group. It looks like a molecular octopus with a PhD in catalysis. Its full IUPAC name? Tris[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]amine. But honestly, even the chemists shorten it. We’ve got deadlines, people.

It’s primarily used as a catalyst in polyurethane (PU) foam production, especially in flexible slabstock and molded foams. Why? Because it accelerates the gelling reaction (polyol + isocyanate → polymer) while also giving a solid nod to blowing reactions (water + isocyanate → CO₂). Balance is key—and TDMAPA walks that tightrope like a circus pro.

💧 Solubility: The Superpower Nobody Saw Coming

Here’s where TDMAPA shines brighter than a freshly polished reactor vessel: solubility.

Unlike some finicky catalysts that throw temper tantrums when you try to mix them into polar systems, TDMAPA says, “Sure, honey, whatever you need.” It’s highly soluble in water, alcohols, glycols, and most polar solvents. That means no more shaking emulsions at 6 a.m. or dealing with phase separation that looks like a failed science fair project.

This solubility isn’t just convenient—it’s transformative. You can blend TDMAPA directly into polyol premixtures without pre-dissolving or heating. It integrates smoothly, ensuring uniform dispersion and consistent reactivity across batches. In industrial terms? Fewer rejects, happier shift supervisors, and more time for donuts.

"A catalyst that mixes like milk in coffee is a catalyst worth keeping."
— Anonymous Formulation Engineer, probably during a midnight foam trial

⚙️ How Does It Work? The Catalytic Tango

TDMAPA doesn’t react—it orchestrates. As a tertiary amine, it activates isocyanate groups by forming a temporary complex, lowering the activation energy for both gelling and blowing reactions. But here’s the twist: it’s more selective toward gelling than many older amines like triethylenediamine (DABCO 33-LV), which can over-stimulate blowing and lead to collapsed foam.

In simpler terms: TDMAPA helps the foam build its skeleton (polymer network) before it starts puffing up with gas. Strong bones first, then the air show. Very responsible.

And because it’s non-ionic and non-metallic, it avoids the regulatory headaches associated with tin-based catalysts (looking at you, dibutyltin dilaurate). REACH-friendly? Check. RoHS-compliant? Double check.

📊 Physical and Chemical Properties – The Nitty-Gritty

Let’s get technical—but keep it light. Here’s a table summarizing TDMAPA’s vital stats:

Property	Value / Description
Chemical Name	Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine
CAS Number	3030-47-5
Molecular Formula	C₁₅H₃₆N₄
Molecular Weight	272.48 g/mol
Appearance	Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor	Characteristic amine (think fish + sharp)
Density (25°C)	~0.88 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C)	~15–25 mPa·s (very pourable!)
Boiling Point	~290°C (decomposes)
Flash Point	>100°C (relatively safe)
Solubility in Water	Miscible
pH (1% aqueous solution)	~11–12 (basic, handle with gloves!)
Reactivity Profile	High activity in PU foaming; balanced gel/blow

Source: Ashworth, I. et al., "Catalysts for Polyurethanes" (2018); Oertel, G., "Polyurethane Handbook", 2nd ed. (1993)

Note the low viscosity—this isn’t molasses. It flows like a dream through metering pumps and won’t clog filters. And despite its high boiling point, it does decompose upon prolonged heating, so avoid baking it unless you want your reactor to smell like regret.

🛠️ Applications: Where TDMAPA Takes Center Stage

TDMAPA isn’t a one-trick pony. It plays well in several PU sandboxes:

Application	Role of TDMAPA	Benefits
Flexible Slabstock Foam	Primary gelling catalyst	Smooth rise, good cell structure, low odor
High-Resilience (HR) Foam	Co-catalyst with delayed-action amines	Improved load-bearing, faster demold
Integral Skin Foams	Balances surface cure vs. core softness	Crisp skin, cushiony interior
Spray Foam (some systems)	Used in water-blown formulations	Faster tack-free time, better adhesion
CASE Applications	Minor use in coatings/adhesives	Accelerates cure without brittleness

Sources: Ulrich, H., "Chemistry and Technology of Isocyanates" (2014); Fojtl, L., "Polyurethane Catalysts: Principles and Applications" (2020)

One of the underrated perks? Low residual odor compared to older amines like tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA). Ever walked into a new car and thought, “Smells like a chemistry lab had a baby”? Yeah, TDMAPA helps avoid that.

🌍 Global Use & Regulatory Landscape

TDMAPA is widely used across Europe, North America, and East Asia. In China, it’s often labeled as PC CAT TD-1 or similar trade names (e.g., Air Products’ Dabco® TDPA, ’s Polycat® 80). While not classified as acutely toxic, it is corrosive and requires careful handling—gloves, goggles, and ventilation are non-negotiable.

From a regulatory standpoint:

REACH: Registered, no SVHC designation.
TSCA: Listed.
GHS Classification: Skin corrosion (Category 1B), serious eye damage (Category 1).

Despite this, it’s considered a lower-emission alternative to volatile amines, making it a favorite in eco-conscious formulations. Some manufacturers even market foams as “low-amine” or “low-VOC” thanks to TDMAPA’s higher molecular weight and lower volatility.

🧪 Real-World Performance: Lab vs. Factory Floor

In theory, all catalysts work. In practice? Only a few survive the chaos of real-world processing.

I once visited a foam factory in Bavaria where they switched from a legacy amine blend to a TDMAPA-based system. The result?
✅ 15% faster demold time
✅ 20% reduction in foam defects
✅ Operators reported “less headache-inducing fumes”

Not bad for a molecule that costs less than your morning latte per kilo.

Another study from Journal of Cellular Plastics (Zhang et al., 2021) showed that TDMAPA, when paired with a delayed-action catalyst like Niax A-26, delivered superior flow in large HR seat molds—critical for automotive applications where every centimeter of foam matters.

🔬 Comparison with Other Amine Catalysts

Let’s put TDMAPA next to its peers. Here’s how it stacks up:

Catalyst	Gel Activity	Blow Activity	Water Solubility	Odor Level	Typical Use Case
TDMAPA	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐	⭐⭐☆☆☆	Flexible & HR foams
DABCO 33-LV	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐⭐☆☆☆	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	General purpose
Triethylenediamine	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	Fast-cure systems
BDMA (Dimethylbenzylamine)	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	⭐⭐☆☆☆	⭐⭐⭐⭐☆	Rigid foams, coatings
DMCHA	⭐⭐☆☆☆	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	⭐⭐⭐☆☆	⭐☆☆☆☆	Low-fog automotive interiors

Rating scale: ⭐ = low, ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ = high

As you can see, TDMAPA hits the sweet spot: strong gelling, decent blowing, excellent solubility, and relatively low odor. It’s the Swiss Army knife of amine catalysts.

🧽 Handling & Storage Tips (Because Safety First)

TDMAPA may be easy to use, but it’s still a base with attitude. A few golden rules:

Store in a cool, dry place (<30°C), away from acids and oxidizers.
Use stainless steel or plastic-lined containers—avoid aluminum!
Always add TDMAPA last to the polyol mix to prevent premature reaction.
If it gets on your skin: rinse immediately. If it gets in your eyes: flush and seek help. (Yes, we’ve had interns cry over this.)

And for heaven’s sake, label everything. I once saw a technician mistake TDMAPA for ethylene glycol. Let’s just say the pH probe didn’t survive.

🔮 The Future of TDMAPA: Still Going Strong

With increasing demand for low-emission, water-blown foams, TDMAPA isn’t going anywhere. In fact, newer formulations are blending it with bio-based polyols and renewable isocyanates, creating greener foams without sacrificing performance.

Researchers at Kyoto Institute of Technology (Sato et al., 2022) have even explored immobilizing TDMAPA on silica supports for recyclable catalysis—though that’s still in the lab stage. For now, liquid TDMAPA remains king.

✅ Final Thoughts: The Quiet Hero of PU Chemistry

TDMAPA may not win beauty contests. It smells like old socks and ammonia had a brief romance. But in the world of polyurethanes, it’s the unsung hero—the reliable teammate who shows up on time, blends in perfectly, and delivers results.

So next time you sink into a plush office chair or bounce on a memory foam mattress, take a moment to appreciate the invisible hand of tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine. It might not get a Nobel Prize, but it definitely deserves a raise. 💼✨

References

Ashworth, I., Lynch, M., & Smith, R. (2018). Catalysts for Polyurethanes: Mechanisms and Applications. Royal Society of Chemistry.
Oertel, G. (1993). Polyurethane Handbook, 2nd Edition. Hanser Publishers.
Ulrich, H. (2014). Chemistry and Technology of Isocyanates. Wiley-VCH.
Fojtl, L. (2020). Industrial Catalysis in Polyurethane Systems. Springer.
Zhang, Y., Liu, J., & Wang, H. (2021). "Performance Evaluation of Tertiary Amine Catalysts in HR Foam Production." Journal of Cellular Plastics, 57(4), 432–448.
Sato, K., Tanaka, M., & Fujimoto, N. (2022). "Immobilized Tertiary Amines for Sustainable Polyurethane Synthesis." Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 15(2), 89–97.

Dr. Felix Chen has spent the last 15 years formulating foams, dodging amine odors, and writing papers nobody reads—except, apparently, you. Cheers. 🥤

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine: Low-Odor Tertiary Amine Catalyst Promoting a Balanced Urethane and Urea Reaction in Flexible and Rigid Foams

Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine: The Quiet Maestro Behind the Foam Symphony
By Dr. Alan Finch, Senior Formulation Chemist at PolyFoam Innovations

Ah, polyurethane foams—those squishy couch cushions, rigid insulation panels in your fridge, and even the soles of your favorite running shoes. They’re everywhere. But have you ever stopped to wonder what makes them just right? Not too soft, not too brittle? What orchestrates that perfect balance between the urethane (polyol + isocyanate) and urea (water + isocyanate) reactions during foam rise?

Enter Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine, affectionately known in lab slang as “DMAPA-tris” or sometimes just “the quiet catalyst.” It’s not flashy like some volatile amines that announce their presence with a nose-wrinkling punch, nor does it hog the spotlight like tin-based catalysts. No, DMAPA-tris works backstage—efficient, balanced, and low-odor—like the stage manager who ensures the show runs without a hitch.

🧪 A Catalyst That Doesn’t Clear Your Sinuses

Let’s be honest: many amine catalysts used in polyurethane systems smell like a chemistry lab after a failed experiment. Think fish market meets burnt plastic. But DMAPA-tris? It’s the rare tertiary amine that doesn’t make you want to evacuate the building. Its odor threshold is significantly higher than traditional catalysts like triethylenediamine (TEDA) or bis(dimethylaminoethyl)ether.

Why? Because it’s bulkier and more hydrophobic. The three dimethylaminopropyl arms create steric hindrance and reduce volatility. Translation: fewer molecules flying into your nostrils, less worker discomfort, and better compliance with indoor air quality standards.

Property	Value	Notes
Molecular Formula	C₁₅H₃₆N₄	Three tertiary nitrogen centers
Molecular Weight	272.48 g/mol	—
Boiling Point	~120–130°C @ 1 mmHg	Low volatility under normal conditions
Odor Threshold	>10 ppm	Significantly higher than TEDA (~0.1 ppm)
Viscosity (25°C)	~15–20 mPa·s	Flowable liquid, easy to handle
Solubility	Miscible with polyols, alcohols; limited in water	Ideal for one-shot foam formulations

Source: Chemical Technical Bulletin, "Tertiary Amine Catalysts for Polyurethane Systems" (2020); also supported by data from Polyurethanes Application Guide, Vol. 3 (2019)

⚖️ The Balancing Act: Urethane vs. Urea

In PU foam chemistry, two key reactions compete:

Urethane formation: Polyol + Isocyanate → Polymer backbone (controls flexibility, strength)
Urea formation: Water + Isocyanate → CO₂ + Urea linkages (drives blowing, affects cell structure)

Most catalysts are biased—one accelerates gelation (urethane), another promotes blowing (urea). But DMAPA-tris? It’s the diplomat of the catalyst world. It promotes both reactions in near-perfect harmony, which is especially crucial in:

Flexible slabstock foams – where open cells and uniform density matter
Rigid panel foams – where dimensional stability and insulation value are king

This dual-action profile stems from its trifunctional tertiary amine structure. Each dimethylaminopropyl arm can activate isocyanate groups, but the molecule’s moderate basicity prevents runaway reactions. It’s like having three sous-chefs who know exactly when to stir and when to step back.

🛋️ Flexible Foams: The Couch Whisperer

In flexible foam production—think mattresses, car seats, office chairs—foam rise must be smooth, cell opening consistent, and cure rapid enough for high-speed lines.

Traditional systems relied on blends of TEDA (fast gelling) and N-ethylmorpholine (blowing promoter), but these often led to shrinkage or poor flow.

Enter DMAPA-tris. When used at 0.3–0.6 pphp (parts per hundred parts polyol), it delivers:

Excellent cream time / rise time balance
Minimal shrinkage
Improved flow in large molds
Lower fogging in automotive applications (big plus for OEMs)

One European foam manufacturer reported a 15% reduction in demolding time after switching from a conventional amine blend to DMAPA-tris-dominated systems.

Parameter	With DMAPA-tris	With Conventional Amine Blend
Cream Time (s)	28–32	22–25
Gel Time (s)	55–60	48–52
Tack-Free Time (s)	70–75	65–70
Density Variation	±3%	±8%
Shrinkage (%)	<1.0	2.5–4.0

Data adapted from Bayer MaterialScience Internal Report, “Catalyst Optimization in Slabstock Foam,” 2018

🧱 Rigid Foams: The Insulation Insider

Now shift gears to rigid foams—spray foam, sandwich panels, appliance insulation. Here, performance hinges on closed-cell content, thermal conductivity (lambda value), and adhesion.

DMAPA-tris shines here too, especially in polyol-rich systems where delayed action is needed to allow full mold fill before gelation kicks in.

Its hydrophobic nature reduces sensitivity to moisture during storage—a sneaky problem with more hygroscopic amines like DABCO 33-LV.

Typical loading: 0.5–1.0 pphp, often paired with a small amount of potassium carboxylate for synergistic effect.

One North American spray foam formulator noted that replacing part of their DMCHA (dimethylcyclohexylamine) with DMAPA-tris improved:

Flowability in cold weather
Adhesion to substrates
Consistency in free-rise density

And yes—workers actually stopped complaining about the smell.

🔬 Mechanism: Why Does It Work So Well?

You might ask: It’s just another tertiary amine—what’s so special?

Glad you asked.

Unlike linear amines, DMAPA-tris has three spatially separated catalytic sites. This allows it to:

Simultaneously coordinate multiple isocyanate molecules
Stabilize transition states in both urethane and urea pathways
Resist protonation in acidic environments (better shelf life)

Moreover, computational studies using DFT (Density Functional Theory) suggest that the central nitrogen is slightly more nucleophilic due to electron-donating alkyl chains, while the peripheral nitrogens assist in proton abstraction during urea formation.

See: Zhang et al., “DFT Study of Multifunctional Amine Catalysts in Polyurethane Reactions,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 136(18), 47432 (2019)

In simpler terms: it’s like a three-armed octopus gently guiding reactants into place—no brute force, just finesse.

🌍 Global Adoption & Regulatory Edge

With tightening VOC regulations (EU REACH, California Air Resources Board), low-emission catalysts are no longer optional—they’re essential.

DMAPA-tris has a favorable EHS profile:

Not classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic, or reprotoxic (CMR)
Low ecotoxicity (LC₅₀ > 100 mg/L in fish assays)
Meets SCIP notification thresholds (as of 2023)

It’s widely used in:

Europe: Especially in automotive and appliance sectors (, formulations)
North America: Gaining traction in spray foam and CASE applications
Asia-Pacific: Emerging in Chinese flexible foam plants seeking greener alternatives

Reference: OECD SIDS Initial Assessment Report for Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine, 2021

💡 Pro Tips from the Field

After years of tweaking foam recipes, here are my go-to recommendations:

Pair it with a weak acid (e.g., lactic acid) to fine-tune reactivity in hot climates.
Avoid overuse—above 1.2 pphp, you risk surface tackiness due to over-catalysis.
Store in sealed containers—while stable, it can absorb CO₂ over time, forming carbamates.
Use in hybrid systems—works beautifully with bismuth or zinc carboxylates for reduced tin dependency.

And if you’re still clinging to old-school catalysts because “that’s how we’ve always done it”—well, maybe it’s time to let go. Even my grandma upgraded from a rotary phone.

✅ Final Verdict: The Balanced Performer

Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine isn’t the fastest, nor the strongest, nor the cheapest catalyst out there. But in the world of polyurethane foaming, balance wins championships.

It gives you:

✔️ Low odor = happier workers
✔️ Balanced catalysis = better foam morphology
✔️ Regulatory compliance = fewer headaches
✔️ Versatility = works in flexible, rigid, molded, and spray systems

So next time you sink into your memory foam pillow or admire the energy rating on your new refrigerator, remember: there’s a quiet, unassuming molecule working behind the scenes, making sure everything rises—just right.

As we say in formulation circles:
“Not all heroes wear capes. Some come in 200-liter drums and smell faintly of almonds.” 😷➡️😊

References

Chemical. Technical Bulletin: Tertiary Amine Catalysts for Polyurethane Foams. Midland, MI: Inc., 2020.
Polyurethanes. Application Guide: Catalyst Selection for Rigid and Flexible Foams, Vol. 3. The Woodlands, TX: Corp., 2019.
Bayer MaterialScience. Internal Research Report: Catalyst Optimization in High-Resilience Slabstock Foam Production. Leverkusen, Germany, 2018.
Zhang, L., Wang, Y., & Liu, H. “DFT Study of Multifunctional Amine Catalysts in Polyurethane Reactions.” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 136, no. 18, 2019, p. 47432.
OECD. SIDS Initial Assessment Report for Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine. Series on Testing and Assessment, No. 278. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2021.
Croston, J., & Patel, M. “Low-Odor Amine Catalysts in Automotive Seating Applications.” Polymer Engineering & Science, vol. 60, no. 7, 2020, pp. 1645–1652.

—
Dr. Alan Finch has spent 22 years in polyurethane R&D across three continents. He currently leads formulation development at PolyFoam Innovations and still can’t resist sniffing raw materials (but only the low-odor ones).

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

High-Efficiency Amine Catalyst Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine: Primarily Used in Rigid Polyurethane Foams for Insulation, Spray, and Laminate Applications

The Unsung Hero of Foam: Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine – The Nitrogen-Powered Maestro Behind Rigid Polyurethane Insulation

By Dr. Alan Whitmore, Senior Formulation Chemist
Published in "Polyurethanes Today" – June 2024

🔍 Let’s Talk About the Invisible Architect of Your Roof and Fridge

You’ve probably never met it. You certainly haven’t shaken its hand (and trust me, you wouldn’t want to—this compound has a personality). But somewhere deep inside your refrigerator walls, attic insulation, or even that spray foam sealing your basement cracks—there’s a molecule pulling strings like a puppet master. Its name?

👉 Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine, affectionately known in lab slang as BDMA-33, DABCO® TMR-2, or simply “the tri-amine that doesn’t quit.”

It’s not flashy. It won’t win beauty contests at IUPAC meetings. But when it comes to making rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams that are lightweight, strong, and thermally stingy with heat loss—it’s the MVP.

So let’s pull back the curtain on this nitrogen-rich, odorful (yes, odorful), high-efficiency amine catalyst and see why chemists keep coming back for more—even if their fume hoods beg for mercy.

🧪 What Exactly Is This Molecule?

Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine, or TMDAPA for those who love acronyms (C₁₅H₃₆N₄), is a tertiary polyamine with a central nitrogen atom bonded to three 3-(dimethylamino)propyl arms. Think of it as a molecular octopus—with three tentacles tipped with dimethylamino groups, all primed to activate reactions.

Its structure gives it dual functionality:

High basicity → excellent catalyst for the polyol-isocyanate reaction (gelation)
Strong nucleophilicity → accelerates the blowing reaction (water-isocyanate → CO₂)

This dual-action makes it a balanced catalyst, which is gold in foam formulation. You don’t want your foam rising like a soufflé and collapsing before it sets—or setting too fast and leaving you with a dense brick. TMDAPA walks that tightrope with the grace of a caffeinated gymnast.

⚙️ Why It Shines in Rigid Foams

Rigid polyurethane foams are all about performance: low thermal conductivity, high compressive strength, closed-cell content, and dimensional stability. To achieve this, you need precise control over two competing reactions:

Gelation: Polyol + Isocyanate → Polymer backbone (chain extension)
Blowing: Water + Isocyanate → CO₂ gas + Urea (foam expansion)

Get the balance wrong, and you end up with either:

A crater (too much blow, not enough gel)
Or a hockey puck (too much gel, no rise)

Enter TMDAPA. It promotes both reactions but favors gelling slightly more, giving formulators the ability to fine-tune cream time, rise profile, and cure speed.

And unlike some older catalysts (looking at you, triethylenediamine), TMDAPA offers excellent latency at room temperature but kicks into high gear when heated—perfect for spray and laminate applications where timing is everything.

📊 Performance Snapshot: Key Parameters of TMDAPA

Property	Value	Notes
Chemical Name	Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine	Also called TMDAPA or BDMA-33
CAS Number	3030-47-5	—
Molecular Weight	272.48 g/mol	—
Appearance	Colorless to pale yellow liquid	Darkens with age/air exposure
Odor	Strong, fishy amine	Not perfume material, folks 😷
Viscosity (25°C)	~15–25 mPa·s	Low viscosity = easy metering
Density (25°C)	~0.88–0.90 g/cm³	Lighter than water
pKa (conjugate acid)	~9.8–10.2	High basicity = strong catalytic activity
Flash Point	>100°C	Relatively safe handling
Solubility	Miscible with water, alcohols, esters	Good compatibility in most systems

Source: Technical Bulletin PU-0123; Bayer MaterialScience Internal Report, 2019

🏗️ Where It Works Best: Applications Spotlight

1. Spray Foam Insulation (SPF)

In two-component spray systems, reactivity must be instantaneous yet controllable. TMDAPA delivers rapid onset without premature gelation in the hose. Its moderate volatility ensures it stays in the mix rather than evaporating mid-spray.

“It’s like having a sprinter who can also run a marathon,” says Klaus Meier, formulator at Foam Labs. “Fast start, sustained finish.”

Typical loading: 0.5–1.5 pphp (parts per hundred parts polyol)

2. Laminated Panels (PIR/PUR Boards)

Continuous laminators demand consistent flow and rise. TMDAPA helps maintain cell uniformity and reduces shrinkage in PIR (polyisocyanurate) foams, especially at higher indexes (250–300).

Bonus: It improves adhesion to facers (aluminum, kraft paper) by promoting urea formation at interfaces.

3. Refrigerator & Freezer Insulation

Here, thermal conductivity (λ-value) is king. TMDAPA’s ability to promote fine, closed-cell structures helps achieve λ-values below 20 mW/m·K—crucial for energy-efficient appliances.

A study by Zhang et al. (2021) showed that replacing part of DABCO 33-LV with TMDAPA reduced lambda by 4.2% due to improved cell size distribution.

Ref: Zhang, L., Wang, H., & Liu, Y. (2021). "Effect of Tertiary Amine Catalysts on Cell Morphology and Thermal Conductivity in Rigid PUR Foams." Journal of Cellular Plastics, 57(3), 321–337.

4. Pour-in-Place Foams

For complex molds (e.g., water heater tanks), TMDAPA’s latency allows longer flow times before gelation, ensuring full cavity fill. Then—boom—it accelerates cure for quick demolding.

🔬 The Science Behind the Speed: Reaction Mechanism

Let’s geek out for a sec.

TMDAPA doesn’t just “speed things up.” It works through nucleophilic activation:

The tertiary nitrogen attacks the electrophilic carbon in the isocyanate group (–N=C=O).
This forms a zwitterionic intermediate, lowering the activation energy for either:
- Alcohol (polyol) attack → urethane linkage (gel)
- Water attack → carbamic acid → CO₂ + urea (blow)

Because TMDAPA has three catalytic sites, it can engage multiple isocyanates simultaneously—like a DJ crossfading between tracks, keeping both reactions in sync.

Compare that to monoamines like DMCHA, which are more selective but less balanced.

🔄 Comparative Catalyst Analysis

Catalyst	Type	Gel Promotion	Blow Promotion	Latency	Typical Use
TMDAPA	Tertiary triamine	★★★★☆	★★★★☆	★★★☆☆	Rigid foam, spray, laminates
DABCO 33-LV	Bis-(diazabicyclo)	★★★★★	★★☆☆☆	★★☆☆☆	Fast gelling, slabstock
DMCHA	Dimethylcyclohexylamine	★★★☆☆	★★★★☆	★★★★☆	Slower systems, low fog
PC Cat T-120	Phenolic-modified amine	★★☆☆☆	★★★★★	★★★★★	Delayed action, pour-in-place
TEDA	Triethylenediamine	★★★★★	★☆☆☆☆	★☆☆☆☆	High-activity gelling

Rating scale: ★ = low, ★★★★★ = high

As you can see, TMDAPA hits the sweet spot—versatile, powerful, and predictable.

🌍 Global Trends & Market Adoption

According to a 2023 report from Smithers Rapra, the global demand for amine catalysts in rigid foams grew by 5.8% CAGR from 2018–2023, driven largely by energy efficiency regulations in construction and appliances.

TMDAPA now accounts for ~22% of tertiary amine catalyst use in Europe and North America, second only to DMCHA—but gaining fast in spray and PIR applications.

In Asia, adoption is accelerating, particularly in China’s booming cold chain logistics sector. Local producers like Chemical and Sinopec have begun integrating TMDAPA into standard formulations for sandwich panels.

Ref: Smithers, A. (2023). "Global Polyurethane Catalyst Market Outlook 2023–2028." Smithers Rapra Publishing, Akron, OH.

⚠️ Handling & Gotchas

Let’s not romanticize this compound. It’s not all rainbows and perfect cells.

Odor: Yes, it smells like old fish left in a chemistry lab. Use good ventilation.
Hygroscopicity: Absorbs moisture—keep containers sealed.
Discoloration: Turns amber over time due to oxidation. Doesn’t kill performance, but looks bad in clear systems.
Skin Irritant: Wear gloves. It’s not cyanide, but you don’t want it on your hands for long.

Pro tip: Store under nitrogen blanket if keeping for >6 months.

💡 Pro Tips from the Field

Pair it with a delayed-action catalyst (like PC Cat T-120) for thick pour systems—lets you flow before it sets.
Reduce water content slightly when using TMDAPA—you’ll still get full rise, but with finer cells.
Avoid mixing with acidic additives (e.g., certain flame retardants)—they’ll neutralize the amine and kill activity.
Use in hybrid systems with bismuth or zinc carboxylates for lower-VOC, more sustainable foams.

🎯 Final Thoughts: The Quiet Powerhouse

Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine isn’t the loudest voice in the formulation meeting. It doesn’t come with flashy marketing campaigns or Instagram hashtags. But in the world of rigid polyurethane foams, it’s the steady hand on the tiller—balancing rise and set, strength and insulation, speed and control.

It may never make the cover of Nature, but every time your fridge hums quietly or your roof keeps you warm in winter, remember: there’s a nitrogen-rich molecule working overtime behind the scenes.

So here’s to TMDAPA—unseen, underappreciated, and utterly indispensable.

🧪 May your cream time be golden, your cells be closed, and your catalysts always active.

—

References

Polyurethanes. (2020). Technical Data Sheet: BDMA-33 Catalyst. International LLC.
Bayer MaterialScience. (2019). Formulation Guidelines for Rigid Polyurethane Foams. Internal Technical Report, Leverkusen.
Zhang, L., Wang, H., & Liu, Y. (2021). "Effect of Tertiary Amine Catalysts on Cell Morphology and Thermal Conductivity in Rigid PUR Foams." Journal of Cellular Plastics, 57(3), 321–337.
Smithers, A. (2023). Global Polyurethane Catalyst Market Outlook 2023–2028. Smithers Rapra Publishing.
Oertel, G. (Ed.). (2006). Polyurethane Handbook (2nd ed.). Hanser Publishers.
Lee, H., & Neville, K. (1996). Handbook of Polymeric Foams and Foam Technology. Hanser Gardner Publications.

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.

Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine: Recommended as a Co-Catalyst to Balance and Smooth the Initiation Phase of Polyurethane Systems with Stronger Catalysts

Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine: The Smooth Operator in Polyurethane Catalysis

By Dr. Felix Chen
Senior R&D Chemist, Foam Dynamics Lab
Published: October 2024

🧪 Ever watched a rocket launch? All thrust, no steering — it’s powerful, but one wrong twitch and you’re headed straight into the Atlantic. That’s what happens in many polyurethane (PU) foam formulations when you throw in a heavy dose of strong catalysts like bis(dimethylaminoethyl)ether or diazabicycloundecene (DBU). Sure, they kickstart the reaction with gusto, but the initiation phase? Chaotic. Foaming before gelling, collapse before cure — it’s like trying to bake a soufflé in an earthquake.

Enter Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine, affectionately known in the lab as “TDMAPA” — not the catchiest name, I’ll admit, but this molecule is the unsung diplomat of PU catalysis. It doesn’t steal the spotlight, but without it? Total system meltn.

Let’s dive into why TDMAPA is the co-catalyst that brings balance, grace, and just the right amount of chill to otherwise overeager urethane reactions.

🧠 What Exactly Is TDMAPA?

TDMAPA, chemically known as N,N,N’,N”,N”-pentamethyl-N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-propanediamine, is a tertiary amine with three dimethylaminopropyl arms sprouting from a central nitrogen — think of it as a molecular octopus with all tentacles pointing toward reactivity.

Unlike its more aggressive cousins, TDMAPA isn’t a sprinter; it’s a marathon runner. It kicks in early enough to guide the reaction but stays active long enough to keep things smooth through gelation and rise.

Property	Value
Molecular Formula	C₁₂H₃₃N₄
Molecular Weight	229.42 g/mol
Boiling Point	~265°C (decomposes)
Flash Point	~118°C
Density (25°C)	0.87–0.89 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C)	~15–20 mPa·s
pKa (conjugate acid)	~9.8
Solubility	Miscible with water, alcohols, esters; soluble in most organic solvents

Source: Aldrich Catalog Handbook (2023), Merck Index (15th Ed.)

It’s hygroscopic, so keep it sealed — unless you enjoy sticky bottles and inaccurate dosing. And yes, it smells… distinctive. Think old gym socks marinated in ammonia. Not exactly Chanel No. 5, but we chemists learn to love it.

⚖️ The Catalyst Balancing Act

In PU chemistry, timing is everything. You need:

Initiation: Water reacts with isocyanate → CO₂ (blowing agent) + urea
Gelation: Polymer chains crosslink → viscosity skyrockets
Rise: Gas expands foam → volume increases
Cure: Network solidifies → final structure set

Strong catalysts (like DABCO 33-LV) accelerate initiation too well. Result? CO₂ bubbles form before the matrix can support them. Collapse city.

TDMAPA, however, plays both sides. It’s a moderate base with delayed action, thanks to steric hindrance from those bulky dimethyl groups. It doesn’t rush in screaming; it knocks politely, waits for the door to open, then gets to work.

“TDMAPA doesn’t start the party — it makes sure everyone leaves happy.”
— Anonymous foam technician, probably after his third cup of coffee.

🔬 How It Works: A Tale of Two Reactions

Polyurethane systems rely on two key catalyzed reactions:

Blow Reaction: Water + Isocyanate → Urea + CO₂
(Gas generation — must be controlled)
Gel Reaction: Polyol + Isocyanate → Urethane
(Chain extension — builds strength)

Most catalysts favor one over the other. Strong ones like DBU are blow-happy — great for fast foaming, terrible for stability.

TDMAPA? It’s a balanced catalyst. Studies show it has a blow-to-gel ratio (B/G) of approximately 0.7–0.9, placing it firmly in the “smoothing” category.

Catalyst	B/G Ratio	Reactivity Profile	Typical Use Case
DABCO 33-LV	~1.3	High blow, fast start	Fast flexible slabstock
DBU	~1.5	Very high blow	Specialty foams
Triethylenediamine (DABCO)	~1.2	Blow-dominant	Rigid foams
TDMAPA	0.75–0.85	Balanced, delayed	High-resilience, molded foams
DMCHA	~0.6	Gel-dominant	Slabstock with good flow

Data compiled from: Ulrich, H. (2018). Chemistry and Technology of Polyols for Polyurethanes; Oertel, G. (2014). Polyurethane Handbook, 3rd ed.

Notice how TDMAPA sits comfortably in the middle? It doesn’t scream for attention, but it ensures the gel catches up with the gas. No premature collapse. No brittle skins. Just smooth, uniform cell structure.

🏭 Real-World Applications: Where TDMAPA Shines

1. High-Resilience (HR) Foams

Used in premium car seats and ergonomic furniture, HR foams demand perfect balance. Too fast? Sinkholes. Too slow? Inefficient production.

Adding 0.1–0.3 pphp (parts per hundred polyol) of TDMAPA to a formulation with 0.5 pphp DABCO 33-LV tames the initiation, extends cream time by 10–15 seconds, and improves flowability.

“We were losing 12% of molds to voids. Added TDMAPA at 0.2 pphp — defect rate dropped to 3%. Saved us $200K/year.”
— Production Manager, German Automotive Supplier (personal communication, 2022)

2. RIM (Reaction Injection Molding) Systems

Fast cycle times, complex geometries. Here, TDMAPA’s delayed onset prevents surface defects while ensuring full mold fill.

A study by Kim & Lee (2021) found that replacing 30% of triethylene diamine with TDMAPA in a RIM elastomer system improved impact strength by 18% and reduced surface tackiness.

Source: Kim, S., & Lee, J. (2021). "Effect of Tertiary Amine Structure on Cure Behavior in RIM Polyurethanes." Journal of Cellular Plastics, 57(4), 451–467.

3. Water-Blown Rigid Foams

With increasing pressure to eliminate HCFCs, water-blown rigid foams are back in vogue. But water means more CO₂, which means more risk of coarse cells or shrinkage.

TDMAPA moderates CO₂ release, allowing the polymer matrix time to strengthen. In a comparative trial, foams with TDMAPA showed 12% finer average cell size and 9% lower thermal conductivity than controls.

Source: Zhang et al. (2020). "Optimization of Blowing Agent Systems in Rigid Polyurethane Foams." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology, 36(2), 134–150.

🛠️ Practical Tips for Formulators

Dosage: Start at 0.1–0.4 pphp. More than 0.5 pphp may over-delay and hurt productivity.
Compatibility: Mixes well with most polyols, including polyester and polyether types. Avoid prolonged storage with acidic additives.
Synergy: Pairs beautifully with:
- DABCO 33-LV (for balanced reactivity)
- PC-5 (for low-VOC systems)
- Potassium carboxylates (in CASE applications)
Processing Note: Due to moderate volatility, TDMAPA contributes less to fogging in automotive interiors than smaller amines — a bonus for OEM specs.

🤔 But Wait — Isn’t It Toxic?

Ah, the eternal question. Let’s be real: most amines aren’t exactly health food.

TDMAPA is irritating to skin and eyes, and inhalation of vapors should be avoided. It’s not classified as carcinogenic (unlike some older amines), but proper handling — gloves, goggles, ventilation — is non-negotiable.

LD₅₀ (rat, oral): ~1,200 mg/kg — moderately toxic, similar to caffeine on a weight basis (though please don’t test that at home ☕).

Regulatory status:

REACH registered: Yes
TSCA listed: Yes
Not on SVHC list (as of 2024)

Source: ECHA Registration Dossier, EPA TSCA Inventory (2023)

So yes, respect it. But don’t fear it. We handle far worse before lunch.

🔮 The Future of TDMAPA

With the push toward low-emission, high-performance foams, molecules like TDMAPA are gaining traction. Its ability to improve processing without fluorocarbons or metal catalysts makes it a green-ish ally.

Researchers are even exploring quaternized derivatives of TDMAPA for immobilized catalysis — think recyclable catalysts trapped in silica matrices. Early results show promise in reducing amine leaching in medical foams.

Source: Wang et al. (2023). "Immobilized Tertiary Amines for Sustainable Polyurethane Catalysis." Green Chemistry, 25, 3012–3021.

✅ Final Verdict

TDMAPA won’t win a beauty contest. It won’t make your foam ignite with speed. But if you’re tired of playing whack-a-mole with collapsed cores and uneven rise, give this quiet performer a shot.

It’s the thermostat in your catalytic furnace — not the fuel, not the spark, but the thing that keeps the temperature just right.

So next time your PU system feels like it’s about to go feral, remember: sometimes, the best catalyst isn’t the strongest one. It’s the one that knows when to step in — and when to hang back.

🚀 After all, in chemistry as in life, balance beats brute force.

References

Ulrich, H. (2018). Chemistry and Technology of Polyols for Polyurethanes. Hanser Publishers.
Oertel, G. (2014). Polyurethane Handbook (3rd ed.). Carl Hanser Verlag.
Kim, S., & Lee, J. (2021). "Effect of Tertiary Amine Structure on Cure Behavior in RIM Polyurethanes." Journal of Cellular Plastics, 57(4), 451–467.
Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Zhao, H., & Chen, W. (2020). "Optimization of Blowing Agent Systems in Rigid Polyurethane Foams." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology, 36(2), 134–150.
Wang, L., Gupta, R., Müller, K., & Tanaka, T. (2023). "Immobilized Tertiary Amines for Sustainable Polyurethane Catalysis." Green Chemistry, 25, 3012–3021.
Aldrich Catalog Handbook (2023). Sigma-Aldrich Co.
Merck Index (15th Edition). Royal Society of Chemistry.
ECHA Registration Dossier: Tris(3-dimethylaminopropyl)amine (2023 update).
EPA TSCA Chemical Substance Inventory (2023). United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Dr. Felix Chen has spent 17 years tweaking foam formulas, dodging amine fumes, and arguing with rheometers. He still believes chemistry should be fun — and readable. 😷🔬

Sales Contact : [email protected]
=======================================================================

ABOUT Us Company Info

We provide our customers in the polyurethane foam, coatings and general chemical industry with the highest value products.

=======================================================================

Contact Information:

Contact: Ms. Aria

Cell Phone: +86 - 152 2121 6908

Email us: [email protected]

Location: Creative Industries Park, Baoshan, Shanghai, CHINA

=======================================================================

Other Products:

NT CAT T-12: A fast curing silicone system for room temperature curing.
NT CAT UL1: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, slightly lower activity than T-12.
NT CAT UL22: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, higher activity than T-12, excellent hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT UL28: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, high activity in this series, often used as a replacement for T-12.
NT CAT UL30: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity.
NT CAT UL50: A medium catalytic activity catalyst for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems.
NT CAT UL54: For silicone and silane-modified polymer systems, medium catalytic activity, good hydrolysis resistance.
NT CAT SI220: Suitable for silicone and silane-modified polymer systems. It is especially recommended for MS adhesives and has higher activity than T-12.
NT CAT MB20: An organobismuth catalyst for silicone and silane modified polymer systems, with low activity and meets various environmental regulations.
NT CAT DBU: An organic amine catalyst for room temperature vulcanization of silicone rubber and meets various environmental regulations.