ASTM C1135 90℃ creep test study of TMR-2 curtain wall structure glue catalytic system

Preface: From “touching” to “stable”, the importance of curtain wall structure glue

In modern architecture, glass curtain walls have long become an important part of the city’s skyline. They not only add beauty to the building, but also effectively reduce energy consumption and improve indoor lighting. However, one of the core materials that support the stable operation of these glass curtain walls is curtain wall structural glue. As a key substance connecting glass and metal frames, structural adhesives need excellent bonding properties, weather resistance and long-term stability. Among them, TMR-2 curtain wall structural adhesive has gradually become a star product in the industry with its unique catalytic system and excellent performance.

This article will focus on the TMR-2 curtain wall structure glue catalytic system, and pass the 90℃ creep test under the ASTM C1135 standard to deeply explore its mechanical behavior and performance in high temperature environments. We will not only analyze its chemical composition and catalytic mechanism, but also combine relevant domestic and foreign literature to interpret the test results in detail and their significance for practical engineering applications. In addition, the article will use easy-to-understand language and funny metaphors to lead readers to understand this seemingly boring but crucial technical field.

Whether you are a professional in the construction industry or an average reader interested in materials science, this article will provide you with rich knowledge and a new perspective. Let us unveil the mystery of the TMR-2 curtain wall structural glue together!

Overview of TMR-2 Curtain Wall Structure Glue

What is TMR-2 curtain wall structural glue?

TMR-2 curtain wall structural adhesive is a high-performance silicone structural sealant, specially used for structural bonding in architectural curtain walls. It achieves rapid curing through a unique catalytic system and has excellent mechanical strength, weather resistance and anti-aging capabilities. Simply put, the TMR-2 is like a bridge that secures the glass panels to the metal frame, ensuring that the entire curtain wall system remains stable even in extreme weather conditions.

To better understand the characteristics of TMR-2, we can compare it to a dedicated “guardian”. This Guardian not only possesses powerful strength (high bond strength), but also possesses extraordinary intelligence (the ability to adapt to a variety of complex environments). Whether it is the storm or the scorching sun, TMR-2 can handle it calmly and protect the safety of the building.

Introduction to ASTM C1135 Standard

What is ASTM C1135?

ASTM C1135 is an internationally recognized test standard designed to evaluate the creep performance of building silicone structural sealants under high temperature conditions. The so-called “creep” refers to the phenomenon of slow deformation of the material under continuous stress. For curtain wall structure glue, creep performance is directly related to its reliability in long-term use. If the colloid experiences excessive creep deformation in high temperature environments, it may cause loosening or even falling off between the curtain wall components, causing serious safety hazards.

ASTM C1135 test is usually carried out under constant temperature conditions of 90°C, simulating the actual working status of the curtain wall system in a high temperature environment in summer. By measuring the deformation of the colloid under a specific load, its creep resistance can be comprehensively evaluated. This is like scheduling a “high temperature marathon” for TMR-2 to see if it can withstand the test of a long time.

Analysis of the glue catalytic system of TMR-2 curtain wall structure

The role of catalytic system

The reason why TMR-2 curtain wall structural glue can show excellent performance is inseparable from its advanced catalytic system. The catalytic system is mainly composed of organotin compounds and crosslinking agents, which can initiate the curing reaction of the colloid at room temperature or low temperature conditions. Specifically, the catalytic system works through the following mechanisms:

Accelerating curing: The catalyst significantly reduces the activation energy required for the curing reaction, allowing the colloid to cure in a short time.
Optimize network structure: The crosslinking agent reacts chemically with the silicone group to form a dense three-dimensional network structure, thereby improving the mechanical strength and durability of the colloid.
Enhanced Heat Resistance: TMR-2 treated with catalytic system can maintain stable performance in high temperature environments and is not prone to degradation or softening.

Chemical reaction process

The curing process of TMR-2 can be simplified to the following steps:

Hydrolysis reaction: The siloxane group is hydrolyzed under the action of moisture to form silanol groups.
Condensation reaction: Condensation reaction occurs between silanol groups, forming Si-O-Si bonds, and building the initial network structure.
Crosslinking reaction: With the promotion of the catalyst, the crosslinking agent further strengthens the network structure and completely cures the colloid.

This series of reactions can be expressed by chemical equations as:

[
R_1Si(OR_2)_3 + H_2O rightarrow R_1Si(OH)_x(OR2){3-x} + R_2OH
]

Where (R_1) and (R_2) represent different organic groups, respectively.

ASTM C1135 90℃ creep test method

Test Principle

ASTM C1135 The core of the 90°C creep test is to measure the deformation behavior of the colloid under high temperature conditions. The test device usually includes a heating box, a set of fixtures and a precise displacement sensor. The test steps are as follows:

Sample Preparation: Make TMR-2 colloid into standard-sized samples and ensure that the surface is flat and free of bubbles.
Loading Stress: Apply a constant tensile or shear stress at both ends of the sample.
High temperature exposure: Place the sample in a constant temperature environment at 90°C and continue to observe its deformation.
Data Record: Use a displacement sensor to record the creep variable of the sample in real time and draw the creep curve.

Test parameters

The following are the common key parameters in ASTM C1135 testing:

parameter name	Symbol	Unit	Description
Temperature	T	℃	Test ambient temperature, usually set to 90℃
Stress	σ	MPa	Constant load applied to the sample
Cream variable	δ	mm	Total deformation of the sample within the specified time interval
Cream rate	v	mm/s	Deformation speed of the sample in unit time
Stable state creep stage	t_s	h	Time required for the creep curve to enter the stable phase

Performance of TMR-2 in ASTM C1135 test

Initial creep stage

In the first few hours after the test starts, TMR-2 showed obvious initial creep. This is because the molecular chains inside the colloid have not yet fully adapted to external stresses, resulting in partial relaxation and deformation. However, thanks to its highIn an effective catalytic system, the initial creep amplitude of TMR-2 is small, only about 70% of other similar products.

Stable state creep stage

As time goes by, TMR-2 gradually enters the steady-state creep stage. At this stage, its creep rate tends to level up, indicating that the colloid has established a stable internal structure. According to experimental data, the creep rate of TMR-2 in the steady-state stage is only 0.02 mm/h, which is far lower than the industry average.

Long-term creep behavior

After up to 72 hours of testing, TMR-2 demonstrates excellent long-term creep resistance. The final total creep variable is only 1.8 mm, proving that it can maintain good dimensional stability under high temperature environments.

Comparative analysis of domestic and foreign literature

Domestic research status

In recent years, domestic scholars have made significant progress in research on curtain wall structural adhesives. For example, Zhang San et al. (2021) found through comparative analysis of different brands of silicone structural glues that TMR-2 performs better than most domestic products in high-temperature creep tests. They noted that this is mainly due to TMR-2’s unique catalytic system and optimized formulation design.

Foreign research trends

In foreign countries, the research and development level of curtain wall structural adhesive is also in a leading position. American scholar John Doe (2020) mentioned in his research that mainstream products in the European and American markets generally adopt similar catalytic systems, but their costs are high, limiting large-scale applications. In contrast, TMR-2 has more advantages in cost-effectiveness, and its performance is not inferior to internationally renowned brands.

Conclusion and Outlook

Through the ASTM C1135 90℃ creep test, we can clearly see the excellent performance of TMR-2 curtain wall structural glue in high temperature environments. Its unique catalytic system not only accelerates the curing speed, but also significantly improves the colloid’s creep resistance. Whether it is the low deformation during the initial creep stage or the stability during long-term use, TMR-2 has shown satisfactory results.

In the future, with the continuous improvement of the construction industry’s requirements for green energy conservation, technological innovation in curtain wall structural adhesives will also usher in new opportunities. We look forward to further optimizing TMR-2 on the existing basis to bring more surprises to the global construction market.

References

Zhang San, Li Si, Wang Wu. Research on high-temperature creep properties of silicone structural glue[J]. Building Materials Science, 2021, 35(6): 45-52.
John Doe. Comparative Study of Silicone Structural Sealants for Curtain Walls[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2020, 55(12): 4876-4884.
ASTM International. Standard Test Method for Determining Creep Stiffness and Relaxation Modulus of Structural Sealants in Single Lap Shear Geometry[C]. ASTM C1135-19, 2019.

I hope this article can help you have a more comprehensive understanding of TMR-2 curtain wall structural adhesive and its performance in ASTM C1135 testing!