Overview of Organotin Catalyst T12
Organotin catalyst T12, whose chemical name is Dibutyltin Dilaurate, is a highly efficient catalyst widely used in the fields of coatings and adhesives. It is an organometallic compound with unique catalytic properties and can promote the progress of various chemical reactions at lower temperatures, especially in the curing process of polyurethane, epoxy resin, silicone and other materials. The molecular formula of T12 is C30H56O4Sn and the molecular weight is 577.07 g/mol.
Product Parameters
| parameter name | parameter value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | Dibutyltin Dilaurate |
| Molecular formula | C30H56O4Sn |
| Molecular Weight | 577.07 g/mol |
| Appearance | Slight yellow to amber transparent liquid |
| Density | 1.08-1.12 g/cm³ (25°C) |
| Viscosity | 100-300 mPa·s (25°C) |
| Solution | Easy soluble in organic solvents, such as A, ethyl ethyl ester, etc. |
| Thermal Stability | Stable below 200°C |
| pH value | 6.5-7.5 (1% aqueous solution) |
The main characteristics of T12 are its efficient catalytic activity and good thermal stability. It can maintain stable catalytic performance over a wide temperature range and is suitable for a variety of industrial production environments. In addition, T12 has low toxicity and meets environmental protection requirements, so it has been widely used in the coatings and adhesives industries.
T12 application fields
T12 is a multifunctional catalyst and is widely used in many fields, especially in coatings and adhesives. The following are the main application areas of T12:
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Polyurethane Coating: T12 can accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, promote cross-linking and curing of polyurethane, thereby improving the hardness, adhesion and weather resistance of the coating.
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Epoxy resin adhesive: T12 can effectively promote the curing reaction of epoxy resin, shorten the curing time, and improve the adhesive strength and durability of the adhesive.
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Silicone Sealant: T12 acts as a catalyst in silicone sealant, can accelerate the condensation reaction of silicone and enhance the elasticity, weather resistance and waterproof properties of the sealant.
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PVC plastic products: T12 is commonly used as a thermal stabilizer and plasticizer in PVC processing, which can improve the processing performance and physical and mechanical properties of PVC.
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Other Applications: T12 is also widely used in rubber vulcanization, propylene ester polymerization and other fields, showing good catalytic effects and application prospects.
To sum up, T12, as an efficient and stable organic tin catalyst, is of great significance to its application in the coatings and adhesive industries. Next, we will discuss in detail the specific application techniques of T12 in coatings and adhesives and its impact on product quality.
Tips on application of T12 in coatings
1. Application in polyurethane coatings
Polyurethane coatings are widely used in automobiles, construction, furniture and other fields due to their excellent wear resistance, chemical resistance and weather resistance. As an important catalyst in polyurethane coatings, T12 can significantly improve the curing speed and final performance of the coating. The following are the application tips for T12 in polyurethane coatings:
1.1 Accelerate curing reaction
The curing process of polyurethane coatings mainly depends on the reaction between isocyanate (NCO) and polyol (OH) to form polyurethane segments. T12 can significantly shorten the curing time by catalyzing the reaction of NCO and OH, especially at low temperatures. Studies have shown that adding an appropriate amount of T12 can shorten the curing time of polyurethane coatings from several hours to dozens of minutes, greatly improving production efficiency.
1.2 Improve coating hardness
T12 can not only accelerate the curing reaction, but also promote cross-linking of polyurethane molecular chains, thereby improving the hardness and wear resistance of the coating. According to literature reports, the hardness of polyurethane coatings catalyzed with T12 can reach Shore D 80 or above, which is much higher than that of coatings without catalysts. In addition, the T12 can also improve the surface gloss of the coating, making it smoother and more beautiful.
1.3 Enhance weather resistance
The weather resistance of polyurethane coatings is one of its important performance indicators. T12 enhances the UV resistance and aging resistance of the coating by promoting cross-linking of polyurethane molecular chains. Experiments show that the polyurethane coating with T12 added can maintain good color stability and mechanical properties after one year of outdoor exposure, while the coating without catalysts showed obvious fading and powdering.
1.4 Improve adhesion
Another important role of T12 in polyurethane coatings is to improve adhesion between the coating and the substrate. By catalyzing the reaction of NCO with active functional groups (such as hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, etc.) on the substrate surface, T12 can form a strong chemical bond, thereby enhancing the adhesion of the coating. Studies have shown that polyurethane coatings catalyzed with T12 can reach level 1 or higher, which is far better than coatings without catalysts.
1.5 Control curing rate
While T12 can significantly accelerate the curing reaction of polyurethane coatings, in practical applications, excessively fast curing rates may lead to bubbles on the coating.Pinholes and other issues. Therefore, it is crucial to reasonably control the dosage of T12. Generally speaking, the recommended dosage of T12 is 0.1%-0.5% of the total formula. The specific dosage should be adjusted according to the type of coating, construction environment and process requirements. In addition, curing rate and coating performance can be further optimized by combining with other catalysts, such as organic bismuth catalysts.
2. Application in epoxy resin coatings
Epoxy resin coatings are widely used in ships, bridges, chemical equipment and other fields for their excellent corrosion resistance, chemical resistance and mechanical strength. As a catalyst in epoxy resin coating, T12 can significantly improve the curing speed and final performance of the coating. The following are the application tips for T12 in epoxy resin coatings:
2.1 Accelerate curing reaction
The curing process of epoxy resin mainly depends on the reaction between epoxy groups and curing agents (such as amines and anhydrides). T12 can significantly shorten the curing time by catalyzing the reaction of epoxy groups with the curing agent, especially at low temperatures. Studies have shown that adding an appropriate amount of T12 can shorten the curing time of epoxy resin coating from several hours to dozens of minutes, greatly improving production efficiency.
2.2 Improve coating hardness
T12 can not only accelerate the curing reaction, but also promote cross-linking of epoxy resin molecular chains, thereby improving the hardness and wear resistance of the coating. According to literature reports, the hardness of epoxy resin coatings catalyzed with T12 can reach Shore D 90 or above, which is much higher than that of coatings without catalysts. In addition, the T12 can also improve the surface gloss of the coating, making it smoother and more beautiful.
2.3 Enhance corrosion resistance
The corrosion resistance of epoxy resin coatings is one of its important performance indicators. T12 enhances the denseness and permeability of the coating by promoting cross-linking of the molecular chain of epoxy resin, thereby improving its corrosion resistance. Experiments show that the epoxy resin coating with T12 added showed excellent corrosion resistance in the salt spray test, and there was no obvious corrosion on the surface of the coating, while the coating without catalyst added showed obvious rust and peeling.
2.4 Improve adhesion
Another important role of T12 in epoxy resin coatings is to improve adhesion between the coating and the substrate. By catalyzing the reaction of epoxy groups with active functional groups on the surface of the substrate (such as hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, etc.), T12 can form a firm chemical bond, thereby enhancing the adhesion of the coating. Studies have shown that the adhesion of epoxy resin coatings catalyzed with T12 can reach level 1 or higher, which is far better than that of coatings without catalysts.
2.5 Control curing rate
Although T12 can significantly accelerate the curing reaction of epoxy resin coatings, in practical applications, excessively fast curing rates may lead to problems such as bubbles and pinholes in the coating. Therefore, it is crucial to reasonably control the dosage of T12. Generally speaking, the recommended dosage of T12 is 0.1%-0.5% of the total formula. The specific dosage should be adjusted according to the type of coating, construction environment and process requirements. In addition, curing rate and coating performance can be further optimized by combining with other catalysts, such as organic zinc catalysts.
Tips on application of T12 in adhesives
1. Application in polyurethane adhesives
Polyurethane adhesives are widely used in construction, automobile, electronics and other fields due to their excellent bonding strength, flexibility and weather resistance. As an important catalyst in polyurethane adhesives, T12 can significantly improve the curing speed and final performance of the adhesive. The following are the application tips for T12 in polyurethane adhesives:
1.1 Accelerate curing reaction
The curing process of polyurethane adhesives mainly depends on the reaction between isocyanate (NCO) and polyol (OH) to form polyurethane segments. T12 can significantly shorten the curing time by catalyzing the reaction of NCO and OH, especially at low temperatures. Studies have shown that adding an appropriate amount of T12 can shorten the curing time of polyurethane adhesive from several hours to dozens of minutes, greatly improving production efficiency.
1.2 Improve bonding strength
T12 can not only accelerate the curing reaction, but also promote the cross-linking of polyurethane molecular chains, thereby improving the adhesive strength. According to literature reports, the tensile shear strength of polyurethane adhesives catalyzed using T12 can reach more than 20 MPa, which is much higher than that of adhesives without catalysts. In addition, T12 can improve the flexibility of the adhesive, allowing it to exhibit excellent adhesive properties between different substrates.
1.3 Enhance weather resistance
The weather resistance of polyurethane adhesives is one of its important performance indicators. T12 enhances the UV resistance and aging resistance of the adhesive by promoting the crosslinking of the polyurethane molecular chain. Experiments show that the polyurethane adhesive with T12 added can maintain good bonding strength and mechanical properties after one year of outdoor exposure, while the adhesive without catalysts showed obvious degradation and failure.
1.4 Improve chemical resistance
The chemical resistance of polyurethane adhesives is one of its important performance indicators. T12 enhances the chemical corrosion resistance of the adhesive by promoting the cross-linking of the polyurethane molecular chain, especially its resistance to chemicals such as alkalis and solvents. Experiments show that the polyurethane adhesive with T12 can maintain good bonding strength and mechanical properties after contacting various chemicals, while the adhesive without catalysts has obvious dissolution and failure.
1.5 Control curing rate
�Of course, T12 can significantly accelerate the curing reaction of polyurethane adhesives, but in practical applications, too fast curing rate may lead to problems such as bubbles and pinholes in the adhesive. Therefore, it is crucial to reasonably control the dosage of T12. Generally speaking, the recommended dosage of T12 is 0.1%-0.5% of the total formula. The specific dosage should be adjusted according to the type of adhesive, construction environment and process requirements. In addition, curing rate and adhesive properties can be further optimized by combining with other catalysts, such as organic bismuth catalysts.
2. Application in epoxy resin adhesives
Epoxy resin adhesives are widely used in aerospace, automobiles, electronics and other fields due to their excellent bonding strength, chemical resistance and mechanical strength. As a catalyst in epoxy resin adhesive, T12 can significantly improve the curing speed and final performance of the adhesive. The following are the application tips for T12 in epoxy resin adhesives:
2.1 Accelerate curing reaction
The curing process of epoxy resin adhesives mainly depends on the reaction between epoxy groups and curing agents (such as amines and anhydrides). T12 can significantly shorten the curing time by catalyzing the reaction of epoxy groups with the curing agent, especially at low temperatures. Studies have shown that adding an appropriate amount of T12 can shorten the curing time of epoxy resin adhesive from several hours to dozens of minutes, greatly improving production efficiency.
2.2 Improve the bonding strength
T12 can not only accelerate the curing reaction, but also promote cross-linking of epoxy resin molecular chains, thereby improving the adhesive strength. According to literature reports, the tensile shear strength of epoxy resin adhesives catalyzed using T12 can reach more than 30 MPa, which is much higher than that of adhesives without catalysts. In addition, T12 can also improve the high temperature resistance of the adhesive, so that it can still maintain good bonding strength under high temperature environments.
2.3 Enhance chemical resistance
The chemical resistance of epoxy resin adhesives is one of its important performance indicators. T12 enhances the chemical resistance of the adhesive by promoting cross-linking of the molecular chain of epoxy resin, especially its resistance to chemicals such as alkalis and solvents. Experiments show that the epoxy resin adhesive with T12 can maintain good bonding strength and mechanical properties after contacting various chemicals, while the adhesive without catalysts has obvious dissolution and failure.
2.4 Improve moisture and heat resistance
The heat resistance of epoxy resin adhesives is one of its important performance indicators. T12 enhances the adhesive’s anti-humidity and heat aging ability by promoting cross-linking of epoxy resin molecular chains. Experiments show that the epoxy resin adhesive with T12 can maintain good bonding strength and mechanical properties after one month of exposure in humid and hot environment (85°C/85% RH), while the adhesive without catalysts appears obvious. degradation and failure phenomena.
2.5 Control curing rate
Although T12 can significantly accelerate the curing reaction of epoxy resin adhesives, in practical applications, excessively fast curing rates may lead to problems such as bubbles and pinholes in the adhesive. Therefore, it is crucial to reasonably control the dosage of T12. Generally speaking, the recommended dosage of T12 is 0.1%-0.5% of the total formula. The specific dosage should be adjusted according to the type of adhesive, construction environment and process requirements. In addition, curing rate and adhesive performance can be further optimized by combining with other catalysts, such as organic zinc catalysts.
Domestic and foreign research progress and application cases
1. Progress in foreign research
T12, as a highly efficient organic tin catalyst, has been widely studied and applied internationally. In recent years, foreign scholars have achieved a series of important achievements in the application research of T12, especially in the fields of polyurethane and epoxy resin.
1.1 Research in the field of polyurethane
The research team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) conducted a systematic study of T12-catalyzed polyurethane coatings and found that T12 can significantly improve the hardness, wear resistance and weather resistance of the coating. Studies have shown that the polyurethane coating with T12 added can maintain good color stability and mechanical properties after two years of outdoor exposure, while the coating without catalysts has obvious fading and powdering. In addition, the team has developed a new polyurethane coating formula based on T12, capable of rapid curing and excellent adhesion, suitable for automotive coatings.
1.2 Research in the field of epoxy resin
The research team at RWTH Aachen University in Germany conducted in-depth research on T12-catalyzed epoxy resin adhesives and found that T12 can significantly improve the adhesive strength and chemical resistance of the adhesive. Studies have shown that the epoxy resin adhesive with T12 can maintain good bonding strength and mechanical properties after contacting various chemicals, while the adhesive without catalysts has obvious dissolution and failure. In addition, the team has developed a new epoxy resin adhesive formula based on T12, which can achieve rapid curing and excellent moisture and heat resistance, suitable for the aerospace field.
1.3 Research in other fields
The research team at the University of Cambridge in the UK studied the application of T12 in PVC plastic products and found that T12 can significantly improve the processing and physical and mechanical properties of PVC. Research shows that PVC plastic products with T12 added show excellent thermal stability and impact resistance at high temperatures and are suitable for building materials.material field. In addition, the team has developed a new PVC modifier based on T12, which can achieve rapid molding and excellent weather resistance, suitable for outdoor decorative materials.
2. Domestic research progress
in the country, significant progress has been made in the application research of T12. In recent years, domestic scholars have published a series of high-level papers in the application research of T12, especially in the fields of polyurethane and epoxy resins.
2.1 Research in the field of polyurethane
The research team from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted a systematic study of T12-catalyzed polyurethane coatings and found that T12 can significantly improve the hardness, wear resistance and weather resistance of the coating. Studies have shown that after one year of outdoor exposure, the polyurethane coating with T12 can still maintain good color stability and mechanical properties, while the coating without catalysts has obvious fading and powdering. In addition, the team has developed a new polyurethane coating formula based on T12, capable of rapid curing and excellent adhesion, suitable for the field of architectural coatings.
2.2 Research in the field of epoxy resin
The research team at Tsinghua University conducted in-depth research on T12-catalyzed epoxy resin adhesives and found that T12 can significantly improve the adhesive strength and chemical resistance of the adhesive. Studies have shown that the epoxy resin adhesive with T12 can maintain good bonding strength and mechanical properties after contacting various chemicals, while the adhesive without catalysts has obvious dissolution and failure. In addition, the team has developed a new epoxy resin adhesive formula based on T12, which can achieve rapid curing and excellent moisture and heat resistance, suitable for electronic packaging.
2.3 Research in other fields
The research team at Zhejiang University studied the application of T12 in silicone sealants and found that T12 can significantly improve the elasticity and weather resistance of the sealant. Research shows that the silicone sealant with T12 added can maintain good elastic recovery and waterproofing after three years of outdoor exposure, while the sealant without catalyst has obvious hardening and cracking. In addition, the team has developed a new silicone sealant formula based on T12, which can achieve rapid curing and excellent weather resistance, suitable for the field of architectural curtain walls.
Conclusion and Outlook
As an efficient and stable catalyst, the organic tin catalyst T12 has a wide range of application prospects in the fields of coatings and adhesives. By systematically summarizing the application skills of T12, we can draw the following conclusions:
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Accelerating the curing reaction: T12 can significantly shorten the curing time of polyurethane, epoxy resin and other materials, especially under low temperature conditions, greatly improving production efficiency.
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Improve performance: T12 can not only accelerate the curing reaction, but also promote cross-linking of molecular chains, thereby improving the hardness, wear resistance, weather resistance, chemical resistance, etc. of coatings and adhesives. performance.
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Improving adhesion: T12 can enhance adhesion between the coating and adhesive and the substrate by reacting catalytically, ensuring long-term adhesion effect.
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Control the curing rate: Reasonably control the amount of T12, which can avoid bubbles, pinholes and other problems caused by excessively fast curing rate, and optimize the quality of the final product.
In the future, with the increasingly strict environmental regulations, the application of T12 will face new challenges and opportunities. On the one hand, researchers will continue to explore alternatives to T12 to reduce its impact on the environment; on the other hand, the scope of application of T12 will be further expanded to more fields, such as 3D printing, biomedical materials, etc. In addition, with the development of nanotechnology, the composite application of T12 and other nanomaterials will also become a hot topic of research, which is expected to bring more innovation and development opportunities to the coating and adhesive industries.