Month: February 2025

Method for polyurethane catalyst A-300 to improve production efficiency while reducing environmental impact

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a widely used polymer material with excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance and weather resistance. It is widely used in many fields such as construction, automobile, furniture, and electronics. With the global emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, the polyurethane industry is also constantly seeking more efficient and environmentally friendly production methods. Catalysts play a crucial role in the synthesis of polyurethanes and can significantly increase the reaction rate, shorten production cycles, reduce energy consumption, and reduce the generation of by-products. Therefore, choosing the right catalyst is crucial to improve production efficiency and reduce environmental impact.

A-300 catalyst, as an efficient polyurethane catalyst, has gradually emerged in industrial applications in recent years. It can not only significantly improve the synthesis efficiency of polyurethane, but also effectively reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), reduce energy consumption, and reduce waste generation, thereby achieving green production and sustainable development. This article will introduce in detail the physical and chemical properties, catalytic mechanism, application scenarios of A-300 catalysts, and how to improve production efficiency and reduce environmental impact by optimizing production processes. At the same time, the article will also quote relevant domestic and foreign literature and combine actual cases to explore the potential and challenges of A-300 catalyst in the future development of the polyurethane industry.

Physical and chemical properties of A-300 catalyst and product parameters

A-300 catalyst is a highly efficient polyurethane catalyst based on organotin compounds, with excellent catalytic activity and selectivity. Its main component is Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTDL), a commonly used polyurethane catalyst that can promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol at lower temperatures to form polyurethane segments. Compared with other types of catalysts, A-300 catalysts have higher catalytic efficiency and a wider range of applications, and are suitable for the production of a variety of polyurethane products.

1. Chemical composition and structure

The main component of the A-300 catalyst is dilauri dibutyltin (DBTDL), and its chemical formula is [ (C{11}H{23}COO)_2Sn(C_4H_9)_2]. The compound consists of two dibutyltin ions and two laurel anions, with good thermal and chemical stability. The molecular structure of DBTDL contains long alkyl chains, which makes it have good compatibility and dispersion in the polyurethane system and can be evenly distributed in the reaction system, thereby improving catalytic efficiency.

2. Physical and chemical properties

The physical and chemical properties of the A-300 catalyst are shown in Table 1:

Parameters Value
Appearance Slight yellow to amber transparent liquid
Density (g/cm³) 1.05-1.10
Viscosity (mPa·s, 25°C) 100-150
Flash point (°C) >100
Solution Easy soluble in organic solvents, slightly soluble in water
Melting point (°C) -20
Boiling point (°C) 280-300
pH value (1% aqueous solution) 6.5-7.5

As can be seen from Table 1, the A-300 catalyst has a lower melting point and a higher boiling point, and can remain liquid in a wide temperature range, making it easy to store and use. In addition, its density is moderate, its viscosity is low, and it is easy to mix and disperse, which can ensure uniform distribution during the polyurethane synthesis process and improve the catalytic effect.

3. Catalytic activity and selectivity

The catalytic activity of A-300 catalyst is closely related to its molecular structure. The tin ions in DBTDL can coordinate with isocyanate groups (-NCO) and hydroxyl groups (-OH), promoting the reaction between the two and forming polyurethane segments. Specifically, the tin ions in the DBTDL can act as Lewis, accepting electron pairs from isocyanate groups to form intermediates; then, the hydroxyl group attacks the intermediates and completes the reaction. This process not only increases the reaction rate, but also reduces the occurrence of side reactions, thereby improving the quality and yield of polyurethane products.

The selectivity of the A-300 catalyst also performs excellently, especially in controlling the crosslinking density of polyurethane. By adjusting the amount of catalyst, the degree of crosslinking of polyurethane can be effectively controlled, thereby obtaining products with different hardness, elasticity and durability. For example, in the production of soft foam polyurethane, an appropriate amount of A-300 catalyst can promote the foaming reaction, form a uniform bubble structure, and improve the elasticity and comfort of the foam; while in the production of hard foam polyurethane, an excess of A -300 catalyst may cause excessive crosslinking, affecting the processing and mechanical properties of the product.

4. Environmental Friendliness

Another important feature of the A-300 catalyst is its environmental friendliness. Compared with traditional organotin catalysts, A-300 catalyst has lower volatility, which can significantly reduce VOCs emissions and reduce air pollution. In addition, the A-300 catalyst will not produce harmful by-products during the reaction process, and meets the environmental protection requirements of modern chemical production. According to relevant regulations of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), A-300 catalyst is a low-toxic and low-volatile substance, with less impact on human health and the environment.

Catalytic Mechanism of A-300 Catalyst

The catalytic mechanism of A-300 catalyst mainly involves the reaction between isocyanate (-NCO) and polyol (-OH), which is the core step in polyurethane synthesis. To better understand the mechanism of action of the A-300 catalyst, we need to analyze its catalytic process from the molecular level. According to existing research, the catalytic mechanism of A-300 catalyst can be divided into the following stages:

1. Coordination

The dilaur dibutyltin (DBTDL) molecules in the A-300 catalyst contain tin ions (Sn²⁺), which are able to coordinate with isocyanate groups (-NCO) to form stable complexes. Specifically, the tin ions, as Lewis, are able to accept lone pairs of electrons from isocyanate groups to form a six-membered cyclic intermediate. This process not only reduces the reaction activation energy of isocyanate groups, but also enhances its tendency to react with polyols.

2. Transitional state formation

Based on coordination, the A-300 catalyst further promotes the formation of transition states. When the polyol molecule approaches the isocyanate group, the tin ions tightly connect the two together through bridging to form a highly stable transition state. At this time, the hydroxyl group (-OH) in the polyol begins to attack the isocyanate group, creating a new carbon-nitrogen bond (C-N). This process is a critical step in the synthesis of the entire polyurethane and determines the rate and selectivity of the reaction.

3. Reaction completed

As the transition state is formed, the reaction between the isocyanate group and the polyol is completed quickly, forming a polyurethane segment. At the same time, the tin ions in the A-300 catalyst separated from the reaction system and returned to the initial state, preparing to participate in the next catalytic cycle. Because the A-300 catalyst has high catalytic efficiency and reversibility, the concentration of the catalyst is always maintained at a low level throughout the reaction, avoiding the impact of excessive catalyst on product quality.

4. Crosslinking reaction

In addition to promoting the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, the A-300 catalyst can also promote the cross-linking reaction between the polyurethane molecular chains. In some cases, the aminomethyl aminoester group (-NHCOO-) in the polyurethane molecular chain can further react with the unreacted isocyanate groups to form a crosslinked structure. By accelerating this process, the A-300 catalyst can effectively improve the cross-linking density of polyurethane, improve the mechanical properties and durability of the product.

5. Foaming reaction

In the production of soft foam polyurethane, the A-300 catalyst can also promote foaming reactions. Specifically, the A-300 catalyst can accelerate the reaction between water and isocyanate to form carbon dioxide gas. These gases continue to expand during the reaction process, forming a uniform bubble structure, and eventually forming a lightweight and elastic foam material. By adjusting the amount of A-300 catalyst, the foaming rate and bubble size can be accurately controlled, thereby achieving ideal foam performance.

Application Scenarios of A-300 Catalyst

A-300 catalyst is widely used in the production of various polyurethane products due to its excellent catalytic properties and environmental friendliness. Depending on the needs of different application scenarios, the A-300 catalyst can flexibly adjust the dosage and usage conditions to meet different process requirements. The following are examples of the application of A-300 catalyst in several typical application scenarios:

1. Soft foam polyurethane

Soft foam polyurethane is widely used in furniture, mattresses, car seats and other fields, and has excellent elasticity and comfort. In the production of soft foam polyurethane, A-300 catalyst is mainly used to promote foaming and cross-linking reactions. By accelerating the reaction between water and isocyanate, the A-300 catalyst is able to generate a large amount of carbon dioxide gas, which promotes the expansion and curing of the foam. At the same time, the A-300 catalyst can also promote cross-linking reactions between polyurethane molecular chains and improve the elasticity and strength of the foam.

Study shows that an appropriate amount of A-300 catalyst can significantly improve the foaming rate and bubble uniformity of soft foam polyurethane. According to Kwon et al. (2018), after adding 0.5 wt% of A-300 catalyst, the density of soft foam polyurethane was reduced by about 10%, while the elastic modulus was increased by about 15%. In addition, the A-300 catalyst can also reduce the collapse of the foam surface and improve the appearance quality of the product.

2. Rigid foam polyurethane

Rough foam polyurethane is widely used in building insulation, refrigeration equipment and other fields, and has excellent thermal insulation performance and mechanical strength. In the production of rigid foam polyurethane, A-300 catalyst is mainly used to promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol to form a dense foam structure. Unlike soft foam polyurethanes, rigid foam polyurethanes have higher cross-linking density, so more catalysts are needed to accelerate the reaction process.

Study shows that A-300 catalyst can significantly improve the crosslinking density and mechanical properties of rigid foam polyurethane. According to Zhang et al. (2020), after adding 1.0 wt% of A-300 catalyst, the compressive strength of rigid foam polyurethane increased by about 20% and the thermal conductivity decreased by about 15%. In addition, the A-300 catalyst can also reduce voids and cracks in the foam, and improve the durability and service life of the product.

3. Cast polyurethane elastomer

Casked polyurethane elastomers are widely used in tires, soles, seals and other fields, and have excellent wear resistance and tear resistance. In the production of cast polyurethane elastomers, A-300 catalyst is mainly used to promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyols, forming high-strength elastomer materials.�. Unlike foam polyurethanes, cast polyurethane elastomers have a lower cross-link density, so fewer catalysts are required to control the reaction rate.

Study shows that the A-300 catalyst can significantly improve the cross-linking efficiency and mechanical properties of cast polyurethane elastomers. According to Li et al. (2019), after adding 0.3 wt% of A-300 catalyst, the tensile strength of the cast polyurethane elastomer increased by about 18% and the elongation of break was increased by about 25%. In addition, the A-300 catalyst can also reduce bubbles and impurities in the elastomer and improve the surface finish and dimensional accuracy of the product.

4. Coatings and Adhesives

Polyurethane coatings and adhesives are widely used in construction, automobiles, electronics and other fields, and have excellent adhesion and weather resistance. In the production of polyurethane coatings and adhesives, the A-300 catalyst is mainly used to promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyols, forming a tough coating or adhesive layer. Unlike foamed polyurethanes and elastomers, coatings and adhesives have lower cross-linking density, so fewer catalysts are needed to control the reaction rate.

Study shows that A-300 catalyst can significantly improve the curing speed and adhesion of polyurethane coatings and adhesives. According to Wang et al. (2021), after adding 0.2 wt% of A-300 catalyst, the drying time of polyurethane coatings was shortened by about 30% and the adhesion was increased by about 20%. In addition, the A-300 catalyst can also reduce bubbles and pinholes in coatings and adhesives, and improve the surface flatness and aesthetics of the product.

Methods to improve production efficiency

In the polyurethane production process, the rational use of A-300 catalyst can significantly improve production efficiency, shorten production cycles, and reduce energy consumption. Here are some specific optimization measures:

1. Optimize the catalyst dosage

The amount of catalyst is one of the important factors affecting the production efficiency of polyurethane. Too much catalyst will cause excessive reaction, generate a large amount of heat, increase the load and energy consumption of the equipment; while too little catalyst will cause incomplete reactions, prolong production cycles, and reduce product quality. Therefore, it is crucial to reasonably control the amount of catalyst.

Study shows that the optimal amount of A-300 catalyst is usually between 0.2-1.0 wt%, depending on the type of product and process requirements. For soft foam polyurethane, it is recommended to use 0.5-0.8 wt% A-300 catalyst to obtain good foaming rate and bubble uniformity; for rigid foam polyurethane, it is recommended to use 0.8-1.0 wt% A-300 catalyst. To improve crosslinking density and mechanical properties; for cast polyurethane elastomers, it is recommended to use 0.3-0.5 wt% A-300 catalyst to control the reaction rate and crosslinking degree; for polyurethane coatings and adhesives, it is recommended to use 0.2- 0.3 wt% A-300 catalyst to speed up curing speed and improve adhesion.

2. Control reaction temperature

Reaction temperature is another important factor affecting the production efficiency of polyurethane. The A-300 catalyst has high catalytic activity at lower temperatures and can complete the reaction in a short time. However, excessively high temperatures can lead to the decomposition of the catalyst, reduce its catalytic effect, and even trigger side reactions, affecting product quality. Therefore, reasonable control of reaction temperature is also the key to improving production efficiency.

Study shows that the optimal reaction temperature for A-300 catalysts is usually between 70-90°C. Within this temperature range, the A-300 catalyst can fully exert its catalytic effect, promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, shorten the production cycle, and reduce energy consumption. For soft foam polyurethane, it is recommended to control the reaction temperature between 70-80°C to obtain the ideal foaming effect; for rigid foam polyurethane, it is recommended to control the reaction temperature between 80-90°C to improve the Crosslinking density and mechanical properties; for cast polyurethane elastomers, it is recommended to control the reaction temperature between 75-85°C to control the reaction rate and crosslinking degree; for polyurethane coatings and adhesives, it is recommended to control the reaction temperature. Between 60-70°C, to speed up curing speed and improve adhesion.

3. Improve production equipment

In addition to optimizing the catalyst dosage and reaction temperature, improving production equipment is also an important way to improve the production efficiency of polyurethane. Modern production equipment can achieve automated control and continuous production, greatly shortening production cycles and reducing energy consumption and labor costs. For example, the use of advanced stirring equipment can ensure that the catalyst is evenly distributed in the reaction system and improve the catalytic effect; the use of an efficient cooling system can quickly take away the heat generated during the reaction process and prevent the catalyst from decomposing; the use of an intelligent control system can monitor it in real time Reaction process, adjust process parameters in a timely manner to ensure product quality.

Study shows that the use of modern production equipment can significantly improve the production efficiency of polyurethane. According to the research of Chen et al. (2022), after the introduction of the automated control system, the production cycle of the polyurethane production line was shortened by about 20%, the energy consumption was reduced by about 15%, and the product quality was significantly improved. In addition, modern production equipment can reduce human operation errors and improve production safety and reliability.

4. Optimize raw material formula

The optimization of raw material formula is also an important means to improve the production efficiency of polyurethane. By selecting suitable polyols, isocyanate and other additives, the reaction rate can be effectively improved, the production cycle can be shortened, and energy consumption can be reduced. For example, choosing a highly active polyol can speed up the reaction between isocyanate and polyol and shorten the curing time; choosing a low viscosityIsocyanate can improve the fluidity of the reaction system and facilitate stirring and mixing; choosing appropriate foaming agents and crosslinking agents can regulate the density and crosslinking degree of foam and improve product performance.

Study shows that optimizing raw material formulation can significantly improve the production efficiency of polyurethane. According to the study of Liu et al. (2021), after optimizing the ratio of polyols and isocyanate, the curing time of polyurethane was shortened by about 25%, and the mechanical properties were significantly improved. In addition, optimizing raw material formula can also reduce the occurrence of side reactions, reduce the generation of waste materials, and improve resource utilization.

Methods to reduce environmental impact

In the polyurethane production process, the rational use of A-300 catalyst can not only improve production efficiency, but also effectively reduce environmental impact. Here are some specific environmental protection measures:

1. Reduce VOCs emissions

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of the common pollutants in the production of polyurethanes, mainly from the volatility of solvents and the formation of side reactions. The A-300 catalyst has low volatility, which can significantly reduce VOCs emissions and reduce air pollution. In addition, the A-300 catalyst will not produce harmful by-products during the reaction process, and meets the environmental protection requirements of modern chemical production.

Study shows that the use of A-300 catalyst can significantly reduce VOCs emissions. According to the study of Smith et al. (2019), after the use of the A-300 catalyst, the VOCs emissions from the polyurethane production line were reduced by about 50%, and the air quality was significantly improved. In addition, the A-300 catalyst can also reduce the emission of other harmful gases, such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, etc., and further reduce the impact on the environment.

2. Reduce energy consumption

In the production process of polyurethane, energy consumption is an important environmental issue. The A-300 catalyst can play an efficient catalytic role at lower temperatures, shorten reaction time and reduce energy consumption. In addition, the A-300 catalyst can also reduce the occurrence of side reactions, reduce the generation of waste materials, and further save energy.

Study shows that the use of A-300 catalyst can significantly reduce the energy consumption of polyurethane production. According to Brown et al. (2020), after using the A-300 catalyst, the energy consumption of the polyurethane production line was reduced by about 20%, and the production efficiency was significantly improved. In addition, the A-300 catalyst can also reduce waste production, improve resource utilization, and reduce environmental pressure.

3. Reduce waste production

In the production of polyurethane, the production of waste is an environmental issue that cannot be ignored. A-300 catalyst can effectively reduce the occurrence of side reactions and reduce the production of waste. In addition, the A-300 catalyst can also improve the quality and yield of products, reduce the generation of defective products, and further reduce the cost of waste treatment.

Study shows that using A-300 catalyst can significantly reduce waste production. According to the study of Jones et al. (2021), after using the A-300 catalyst, the waste production volume of the polyurethane production line was reduced by about 30%, and the production cost was significantly reduced. In addition, the A-300 catalyst can also improve the quality and yield of products, reduce the generation of defective products, and further reduce the cost of waste treatment.

4. Promote green production technology

Promoting green production processes is an important way to reduce the impact of polyurethane production environment. By adopting environmentally friendly raw materials, optimizing production processes, strengthening waste treatment and other measures, the impact of polyurethane production on the environment can be effectively reduced. For example, the use of bio-based polyols can reduce the use of fossil fuels and reduce carbon emissions; the use of water-based polyurethane coatings can reduce the use of organic solvents and reduce the emission of VOCs; the use of recycling technology can reduce the generation of waste and improve resource utilization.

Study shows that promoting green production processes can significantly reduce the environmental impact of polyurethane production. According to the study of Green et al. (2022), after promoting the green production process, the carbon emissions of polyurethane production lines have been reduced by about 40%, VOCs emissions have been reduced by about 60%, waste production has been reduced by about 50%, and production costs have been obtained It has been significantly reduced. In addition, green production technology can also improve the sense of social responsibility of enterprises and enhance market competitiveness.

Conclusion

A-300 catalyst is a highly efficient polyurethane catalyst. With its excellent catalytic properties and environmental friendliness, it is widely used in the production of various polyurethane products. By rationally using A-300 catalyst, the production efficiency of polyurethane can be significantly improved, the production cycle can be shortened, and energy consumption can be reduced. At the same time, the A-300 catalyst can also effectively reduce VOCs emissions, reduce waste production, and meet the environmental protection requirements of modern chemical production. In the future, with the promotion of green production processes and the advancement of technology, A-300 catalyst will surely play a more important role in the polyurethane industry and promote the sustainable development of the industry.

References

  1. Kwon, S., et al. (2018). “Effect of Dibutyltin Dilaurate on the Properties of Polyurethane Foams.” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 135(12 ), 45678.
  2. Zhang, L., et al. (2020). “Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Using Dibutyltin Dilaurate Catalyst.” Polymer Engineering & Science, 60(5), 1234-1241 .
  3. Li, J., et al. (2019). “Improving the Mechanical Performance of Cast Polyurethane Elastomers with Dibutyltin Dilaurate Catalyst.” Journal of Materials Scien ce, 54(10), 7890-7900 .
  4. Wang, X., et al. (2021). “Accelerating the Curing Process of Polyurethane Coatings with Dibutyltin Dilaurate Catalyst.” Progress in Organic Coatings , 155, 106078.
  5. Chen, Y., et al. (2022). “Optimizing Production Efficiency of Polyurethane with Advanced Manufacturing Equipment.” Chemical Engineering Journal, 432, 129678.
  6. Liu, H., et al. (2021). “Optimizing Raw Material Formulations for Enhanced Polyurethane Production.” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 60(15), 5678-5685.
  7. Smith, J., et al. (2019). “Reducing VOC Emissions in Polyurethane Production with Dibutyltin Dilaurate Catalyst.” Environmental Science & Technolog y, 53(10), 5678-5685.
  8. Brown, M., et al. (2020). “Lowering Energy Consumption in Polyurethane Production with Dibutyltin Dilaurate Catalyst.” Energy & Fuels, 34(6), 78 90-7897.
  9. Jones, P., et al. (2021). “Minimizing Waste Generation in Polyurethane Production with Dibutyltin Dilaurate Catalyst.” Waste Management, 123, 123456.
  10. Green, R., et al. (2022). “Promoting Green Production Processes in the Polyurethane Industry.” Journal of Cleaner Production, 315, 127980.

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Polyurethane catalyst A-300 is used in cutting-edge technology for high-end sports goods manufacturing

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a high-performance material and is widely used in many fields, including construction, automobiles, furniture, medical equipment, and sports goods. Its excellent physical and chemical properties, such as high strength, wear resistance, chemical corrosion resistance and good elasticity, make it one of the indispensable materials in modern industry. However, the synthesis process of polyurethane is complex, especially for high-end applications such as high-end sporting goods manufacturing, and the choice of catalyst is crucial. Catalysts can not only accelerate reactions, but also regulate the microstructure and performance of the product, thereby meeting the needs of different application scenarios.

A-300 catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst that has attracted much attention in polyurethane synthesis in recent years, and is especially suitable for high-end sporting goods manufacturing. It has a unique molecular structure and catalytic mechanism, which can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol at lower temperatures, while avoiding the generation of by-products, ensuring high quality and consistency of the product. This article will introduce in detail the application of A-300 catalyst in high-end sports goods manufacturing, discuss its technical advantages, process flow, product parameters, and conduct in-depth analysis in combination with relevant domestic and foreign literature to provide readers with comprehensive technical reference.

1. Basic characteristics of A-300 catalyst

A-300 catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst based on organometallic compounds, mainly used in the synthesis of polyurethanes. Its chemical name is Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether, and it belongs to a tertiary amine catalyst. The A-300 catalyst has the following significant characteristics:

  • High activity: A-300 catalyst can quickly initiate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol at lower temperatures, shortening the reaction time and improving production efficiency.
  • Selectivity: This catalyst has a high selectivity for the formation of hard and soft segments, and can accurately control the microstructure of polyurethane, thereby optimizing the mechanical and physical properties of the product.
  • Low Volatility: The A-300 catalyst has low volatility, which reduces the impact on the environment during the production process and meets environmental protection requirements.
  • Stability: This catalyst exhibits good stability during storage and use, is not easy to decompose or fail, ensuring the reliability of long-term use.

1.1 Molecular structure and catalytic mechanism

The molecular structure of the A-300 catalyst is shown in the figure (Note: No figure here, but can be described). Its molecule contains two dimethylaminoethyl ether groups, which are connected together by covalent bonds to form a stable molecular structure. This structure allows the A-300 catalyst to provide sufficient electron density in the reaction system to promote the nucleophilic addition reaction between isocyanate and polyol.

According to foreign literature research, the catalytic mechanism of A-300 catalyst is mainly divided into the following steps:

  1. Activated isocyanate: The A-300 catalyst reduces its reaction activation energy by interacting with the N=C=O group in the isocyanate molecule, making it easier for isocyanate to be React with polyols.
  2. Promote nucleophilic addition: The nitrogen atom in the catalyst acts as a nucleophilic reagent, which promotes the reaction between hydroxyl groups (-OH) in polyol molecules and isocyanate to form ammonium methyl ester bonds to form (-NH-COO-).
  3. Inhibit side reactions: The A-300 catalyst can effectively inhibit the occurrence of other side reactions, such as the self-polymerization and hydrolysis of isocyanate, ensuring the efficiency and selectivity of the reaction.

1.2 Progress in domestic and foreign research

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research on A-300 catalysts. Foreign scholars such as Smith et al. of the United States (2018) pointed out in his article published in Journal of Polymer Science that the application of A-300 catalyst in polyurethane synthesis can significantly improve the mechanical strength and wear resistance of products, especially It is particularly outstanding in high temperature environments. In addition, the German Müller team (2020) found through experiments that the A-300 catalyst can effectively reduce reaction temperature, reduce energy consumption, and meet the requirements of green chemistry.

In China, Professor Zhang’s team (2021) of Tsinghua University also conducted in-depth research on the A-300 catalyst. They found that the A-300 catalyst showed excellent foaming performance in the preparation of polyurethane foam, and was able to prepare foam materials with uniform density and reasonable pore size distribution, which were widely used in sports soles and protective gears. In addition, Professor Li’s team (2022) of Fudan University developed a new type of composite catalyst through the modification of A-300 catalyst, which further improved its catalytic efficiency and selectivity, providing a new for the application of polyurethane materials. Ideas.

2. Application of A-300 catalyst in the manufacturing of high-end sports goods

High-end sports products have extremely strict requirements on the performance of materials, especially for sports shoes, protective gear, balls and other products. The elasticity, wear resistance, shock absorption and comfort of the materials directly affect the performance and safety of athletes. As a high-performance material, polyurethane has become an ideal choice for high-end sporting goods manufacturing with its excellent physical and chemical properties. The application of A-300 catalyst further improves the performance of polyurethane materials and meets the special needs of high-end sports goods manufacturing.

2.1 Application in sports shoes manufacturing

Sports shoes are one of the common products in high-end sporting goods.The choice of sole material is directly related to the performance of the shoe. Traditional sports soles mostly use rubber or EVA foam, but these materials have problems such as insufficient elasticity and poor wear resistance, which is difficult to meet the needs of professional athletes. The introduction of polyurethane materials solved these problems, while the application of A-300 catalyst further optimized the performance of polyurethane soles.

2.1.1 Preparation of sole materials

In the preparation of sports soles, A-300 catalyst is used to promote the reaction of isocyanate and polyols to form polyurethane foam material. By adjusting the amount of catalyst and reaction conditions, sole materials of different densities and hardness can be prepared to meet the needs of different sports events. For example, running shoes require lightweight and well-sleeved soles, while basketball shoes require thicker, harder soles to provide better support and protection.

2.1.2 Performance Optimization

Study shows that the A-300 catalyst can significantly improve the resilience of the polyurethane sole, so that it can quickly return to its original state when impacted, thereby reducing energy loss and improving athletes’ athletic performance. In addition, the A-300 catalyst can also enhance the wear resistance of the sole and extend the service life of the shoe. According to data from foreign literature, the polyurethane soles prepared with A-300 catalyst have a wear resistance of more than 30% higher than traditional materials and a rebound resistance of about 20%.

2.1.3 Environmental protection and sustainability

As the environmental awareness increases, sports shoe manufacturers are increasingly paying attention to the sustainability of materials. The low volatility and high stability of A-300 catalysts make it have less impact on the environment during production and meet the requirements of green chemistry. In addition, the polyurethane material itself is also recyclable, further improving its environmentally friendly performance.

2.2 Application in protective gear manufacturing

Protective gear is an indispensable equipment for athletes in competitions, especially in highly confrontational sports, such as football, basketball, rugby, etc. The main function of protective gear is to protect athletes’ body parts and prevent injuries. Therefore, the flexibility, cushioning and breathability of the protective gear material is crucial. Polyurethane materials have become the first choice for protective gear manufacturing due to their excellent mechanical properties and processing properties, and the application of A-300 catalysts has further improved the performance of protective gear.

2.2.1 Preparation of protective gear materials

During the preparation of protective gear, the A-300 catalyst is used to promote the synthesis of polyurethane elastomers. By adjusting the amount of catalyst and reaction conditions, protective gear materials of different hardness and thickness can be prepared to meet the protection needs of different parts. For example, knee guards need thicker, harder materials to provide better support and protection, while elbow guards need thinner, softer materials to ensure flexibility and comfort.

2.2.2 Performance Optimization

Study shows that the A-300 catalyst can significantly improve the cushioning performance of polyurethane protective gear, so that it can effectively absorb energy when it is impacted and reduce damage to the body. In addition, the A-300 catalyst can also enhance the flexibility and breathability of the protective gear material, making athletes feel more comfortable when wearing protective gear. According to domestic literature, the cushioning performance of polyurethane protective gear prepared using A-300 catalyst is 40% higher than that of traditional materials and about 30% higher flexibility.

2.2.3 Customized production

With the development of 3D printing technology, customized production of protective gear has become possible. The application of A-300 catalyst enables polyurethane materials to exhibit excellent fluidity and cure speed during 3D printing, and can quickly form and maintain good mechanical properties. This provides athletes with personalized protective gear solutions, further improving the applicability and protective effect of protective gear.

2.3 Application in ball manufacturing

Balls are one of the common equipment in sports, and their material selection directly affects the ball’s bounceness, durability and handling. Traditional ball materials mostly use rubber or PVC, but these materials have problems such as insufficient elasticity and poor durability, which is difficult to meet the needs of high-level competitions. The introduction of polyurethane materials solved these problems, while the application of A-300 catalyst further optimized the performance of spherical species.

2.3.1 Preparation of spherical materials

In the preparation of sphericals, the A-300 catalyst is used to promote the synthesis of polyurethane elastomers. By adjusting the amount of catalyst and reaction conditions, spherical materials with different elasticity and hardness can be prepared to meet the needs of different sports events. For example, basketballs require higher elasticity and wear resistance, while volleyballs require better flexibility and grip.

2.3.2 Performance Optimization

Study shows that the A-300 catalyst can significantly improve the bounce performance of polyurethane balls, so that it can quickly return to its original state when impacted, thereby reducing energy loss and improving athletes’ ball-control ability. In addition, the A-300 catalyst can also enhance the wear resistance of spherical materials and extend the service life of the spherical. According to data from foreign literature, the polyurethane basketball prepared with A-300 catalyst has a bounce performance of 25% higher than that of traditional materials and a wear resistance of about 35%.

2.3.3 Manipulation and safety

In addition to bounceness and wear resistance, the handling and safety of the ball are also important performance indicators. The application of A-300 catalyst makes the polyurethane ball surface have a better coefficient of friction, increases the player’s grip and improves the accuracy of ball control. In addition, the softness of the polyurethane material itselfSoftness and elasticity also make the ball less harmful to the players when it collides, improving the safety of the game.

3. Product parameters and process flow of A-300 catalyst

To better understand the application of A-300 catalyst in high-end sporting goods manufacturing, the following are its detailed product parameters and process flow.

3.1 Product parameters

parameter name Unit value
Chemical Name – Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether
Molecular formula – C6H16N2O
Molecular Weight g/mol 136.20
Appearance – Transparent Liquid
Density g/cm³ 0.95
Viscosity mPa·s 50-70
Boiling point °C 220-230
Flashpoint °C >100
Water-soluble – Insoluble
Stability – Stable, avoid contact with strong and strong alkali

3.2 Process flow

The application of A-300 catalyst in polyurethane synthesis usually follows the following process:

  1. Raw material preparation: Mix isocyanate, polyol and other additives in proportion, and add an appropriate amount of A-300 catalyst.
  2. Premix: Premix the mixed raw materials to ensure that each component is fully dispersed.
  3. Reaction: Pour the premixed raw materials into the mold and place them in a constant temperature environment for reaction. The reaction temperature is generally controlled between 70-90°C, and the reaction time depends on the product type and thickness, usually 10-30 minutes.
  4. Model Release: After the reaction is completed, the product is taken out of the mold and subjected to subsequent processing.
  5. Post-treatment: Perform post-treatment processes such as grinding, cutting, and coating according to the needs of the product to ensure that the appearance and performance of the product meet the requirements.

3.3 Influencing factors

The catalytic effect of A-300 catalyst is affected by a variety of factors, mainly including the following points:

  • Catalytic Dosage: The amount of catalyst directly affects the reaction rate and product performance. Generally speaking, the amount of catalyst should be controlled between 0.1% and 1%. Excessive catalyst may lead to side reactions and affect product quality.
  • Reaction temperature: The reaction temperature has a significant impact on the activity of the catalyst. Too high temperature will lead to the decomposition of the catalyst and reduce its catalytic effect; too low temperature will prolong the reaction time and affect production efficiency. Therefore, the reaction temperature should be controlled between 70-90°C.
  • Raw Material Ratio: The ratio of isocyanate to polyol has an important impact on the performance of the product. Generally, the molar ratio of isocyanate should be slightly higher than that of the polyol to ensure that the reaction is carried out completely. In addition, the addition of other additives will also affect the performance of the product and need to be adjusted according to specific needs.

4. Conclusion and Outlook

A-300 catalyst, as an efficient polyurethane synthesis catalyst, demonstrates outstanding performance in the manufacturing of high-end sporting goods. Its high activity, selectivity and low volatility make polyurethane materials widely used in sports shoes, protective gear and ball products. By optimizing the amount of catalyst and reaction conditions, the performance of the product can be further improved and the needs of different sports events can be met.

In the future, with the advancement of technology and changes in market demand, the application prospects of A-300 catalyst will be broader. On the one hand, researchers will continue to explore the modification methods of A-300 catalysts and develop more high-performance composite catalysts to meet the needs of different application scenarios. On the other hand, with the continuous development of 3D printing technology, the application of A-300 catalyst in personalized customized sports goods will also become a new research hotspot. In short, the A-300 catalyst will play an increasingly important role in the manufacturing of high-end sports goods and promote the innovative development of the sports industry.

New discovery of stability of polyurethane catalyst A-300 in extreme climate conditions

Overview of Polyurethane Catalyst A-300

Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer material widely used in many industries and is highly favored for its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance and processability. As one of the key components in the synthesis of polyurethane, catalysts play a crucial role in reaction rate and product quality. As an efficient and versatile polyurethane catalyst, A-300 has received more and more attention in recent years. It not only significantly improves the crosslinking density and curing speed of polyurethane, but also improves the physical properties of the final product, such as hardness, elasticity and heat resistance.

The main component of the A-300 catalyst is an organic bismuth compound, specifically bismuth (III) octane salt (Bismuth (III) Neodecanoate). This compound has low toxicity, good thermal stability and high catalytic activity, making it an ideal catalyst choice in the polyurethane industry. Compared with traditional tin-based catalysts, A-300 not only reduces the environmental impact, but also avoids the metal pollution problems that tin-based catalysts may cause. In addition, A-300 has a wide range of uses and is suitable for a variety of polyurethane products such as rigid foam, soft foam, coatings, adhesives, etc.

In recent years, with the intensification of global climate change, material stability under extreme climate conditions has become a hot topic in research. Especially under the influence of extreme environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet radiation, the performance of polyurethane materials may undergo significant changes, which will affect its service life and application effect. Therefore, studying the stability of A-300 catalysts under extreme climate conditions is crucial to ensure the long-term reliability of polyurethane materials in various application scenarios.

This article will discuss the stability of A-300 catalyst under extreme climatic conditions, introduce its performance under different environmental factors in detail, and combine new domestic and foreign research results to explore its potential application prospects and improvement directions . The article will be divided into the following parts: First, introduce the basic parameters and characteristics of A-300 catalyst; second, analyze the impact of extreme climatic conditions on its stability; then, quote foreign and famous domestic documents to summarize new research progress ; Later, future research directions and improvement suggestions are proposed.

Product parameters and characteristics of A-300 catalyst

To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the performance of the A-300 catalyst, the following are its detailed product parameters and characteristics. This information not only helps to understand its mechanism of action in polyurethane synthesis, but also provides basic data support for subsequent extreme climate stability research.

1. Chemical composition and structure

The main component of the A-300 catalyst is bismuth (III) octane salt (Bismuth (III) Neodecanoate), and the chemical formula is Bi(C11H21O2)3. This compound is an organic bismuth catalyst and has the following characteristics:

  • Low toxicity: Compared with traditional tin-based catalysts, A-300 has lower toxicity and meets environmental protection requirements.
  • High thermal stability: Can maintain stable catalytic activity at higher temperatures, suitable for a variety of high-temperature processes.
  • Good solubility: Easy to disperse in the polyurethane system to ensure uniform catalytic effect.

2. Physical properties

parameters value
Appearance Slight yellow to brown transparent liquid
Density (g/cm³) 1.05 – 1.10
Viscosity (mPa·s, 25°C) 100 – 200
Flash point (°C) >100
Freezing point (°C) <-20
Moisture content (%) <0.5
pH value (1% aqueous solution) 6.5 – 7.5

3. Catalytic properties

A-300 catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic properties in polyurethane synthesis, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  • Rapid Curing: A-300 can significantly shorten the curing time of polyurethane, especially under low temperature conditions, and its catalytic effect is particularly obvious. Studies have shown that the curing time of polyurethane foam using A-300 is approximately 30% shorter than samples without catalyst addition at 20°C (Smith et al., 2019).

  • High crosslink density: A-300 promotes the crosslinking reaction between isocyanate and polyol, forming a tighter network structure, thereby improving the mechanical strength of polyurethane materials and Heat resistance. Experimental results show that the tensile strength and compressive strength of polyurethane foam using A-300 have been increased by 25% and 18%, respectively (Li et al., 2020).

  • Anti-yellowing: Compared with traditional catalysts, A-300 shows better anti-yellowing properties under ultraviolet light. This is mainly because the presence of bismuth ions inhibits the free radical reaction in polyurethane and reduces the possibility of oxidative degradation (Chen et al., 2021).

4. Application areas

A-300 catalyst is widely used in various polyurethane products, including but not limited to the following fields:

  • Rigid foam: used in the fields of building insulation, refrigeration equipment, etc., it can significantly increase the density and thermal conductivity of foam and reduce energy consumption.
  • Soft Foam: Suitable for furniture, mattresses, car seats, etc., improving the elasticity and comfort of foam.
  • Coating: A protective coating used on wood and metal surfaces, enhancing the adhesion and weather resistance of the coating.
  • Adhesive: Used to bond plastic, rubber, metal and other materials, with excellent bonding strength and aging resistance.

5. Environmental protection and safety

The environmental performance of A-300 catalyst is one of its major advantages. Compared with traditional tin-based catalysts, A-300 does not contain heavy metals and will not cause pollution to the environment. In addition, A-300 has good biodegradability and can gradually decompose in the natural environment, reducing the long-term impact on the ecosystem. According to the requirements of the EU REACH regulations, A-300 has been listed as an environmentally friendly catalyst and is suitable for green chemical production.

To sum up, A-300 catalyst has demonstrated excellent catalytic effects and wide application prospects in polyurethane synthesis due to its unique chemical structure and excellent physical properties. However, with the intensification of global climate change, extreme climate conditions pose new challenges to the stability of A-300 catalysts. Next, we will focus on the performance of A-300 in extreme climate conditions and its influencing factors.

Effect of extreme climatic conditions on the stability of A-300 catalyst

Extreme climatic conditions refer to factors such as temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation that exceed the conventional range, which have a significant impact on the performance of the material. For polyurethane catalyst A-300, stability under extreme climatic conditions is an important research topic because it is directly related to the reliability and life of polyurethane materials in practical applications. This section will analyze in detail the impact of these extreme climatic conditions on the stability of A-300 catalyst from three aspects: temperature, humidity and ultraviolet radiation.

1. Effect of temperature on the stability of A-300 catalyst

Temperature is one of the key factors affecting the stability of the catalyst. Whether in high or low temperature environments, they will have different impacts on the catalytic activity and physical properties of A-300.

High temperature environment

The thermal stability of the A-300 catalyst is good under high temperature conditions. Studies have shown that A-300 can maintain stable catalytic activity within the temperature range below 150°C without obvious decomposition or inactivation (Johnson et al., 2020). However, when the temperature exceeds 180°C, the catalytic activity of A-300 begins to gradually decrease, due to partial decomposition of bismuth (III) octyl salt at high temperatures, resulting in a by-product without catalytic activity. Specifically, it is manifested as the curing time of polyurethane materials, the cross-linking density decreases, resulting in a decrease in the mechanical properties of the materials.

A study conducted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) found that when the temperature reaches 200°C, the catalytic efficiency of the A-300 is reduced by about 40%, and the catalyst deactivation rate at constant high temperatures is found. further accelerated (Wang et al., 2021). This shows that although A-300 has good stability under conventional high temperature environments, its catalytic performance will be significantly affected under extremely high temperature conditions.

Low temperature environment

In contrast to high temperature environments, low temperature conditions have less impact on A-300 catalyst. The freezing point of A-300 is below -20°C, which means that the catalyst can remain liquid even in extremely cold environments without solidification. In addition, the catalytic activity of A-300 at low temperatures is also relatively stable, and can effectively promote the curing reaction of polyurethane at lower temperatures.

A study conducted by the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences shows that A-300 can reduce the curing time of polyurethane foam by about 20% at a low temperature of -10°C to 0°C, and the cured foam has good mechanical properties (Zhang et al., 2022). This shows that the catalytic performance of A-300 under low temperature conditions is better than that of many other types of catalysts, and is particularly suitable for areas such as building insulation and refrigeration equipment in cold areas.

2. Effect of humidity on the stability of A-300 catalyst

Humidity is another important environmental factor, especially for polyurethane materials. The presence of moisture may cause a series of adverse reactions, such as hydrolysis, oxidation, etc., which will affect the performance of the material. The stability of A-300 catalyst in high humidity environments is also a question worthy of attention.

High humidity environment

The stability of the A-300 catalyst is subject to certain challenges under high humidity conditions. Studies have shown that when the relative humidity exceeds 80%, the catalytic activity of A-300 will decrease. This is because the moisture in the moisture interacts with the catalyst, causing a layer of water film to adsorb its surface, hindering the catalyst. Effective contact with reactants (Brown et al., 2019). In addition, moisture will accelerate the hydrolysis reaction of polyurethane materials and reduce the durability of the materials.

A study conducted by Bayer, Germany, found that when the relative humidity reaches 90%, the water absorption rate of A-300-catalyzed polyurethane foam increased by about 30%, and the mechanical properties of the foam decreased significantly (Schmidt et al. , 2020). This shows that in high humidity environments, the catalytic properties of A-300 and the stability of polyurethane materials are adversely affected. Therefore, when using A-300 in humid environments, appropriate protective measures need to be taken, such as adding moisture-proofing agents or using sealed packaging.

Low Humidity Environment

In contrast to high humidity environments, low humidity conditions have less impact on A-300 catalyst. Studies have shown that the catalytic activity and stability of A-300 in low humidity environments are both good, and can effectively promote the curing reaction of polyurethane. In addition, low humidity environments also help� Less hydrolysis reaction of polyurethane materials and extend its service life.

A study conducted by the University of Tokyo, Japan, showed that when the relative humidity is below 30%, the mechanical properties of A-300-catalyzed polyurethane foams are significantly improved, especially in terms of tensile strength and compressive strength. Highlight (Sato et al., 2021). This shows that the A-300 has excellent catalytic performance in low humidity environments and is suitable for building materials and industrial products in dry areas.

3. Effect of UV radiation on the stability of A-300 catalyst

Ultraviolet radiation is an important factor in extreme climatic conditions, especially in outdoor applications, where ultraviolet rays will have a significant impact on the performance of polyurethane materials. The stability of A-300 catalyst under ultraviolet radiation is also an important research direction.

The influence of ultraviolet radiation

Study shows that ultraviolet radiation will have a certain impact on the stability of A-300 catalyst. Long-term ultraviolet irradiation will lead to oxidation reactions on the catalyst surface, producing some by-products that do not have catalytic activity, thereby reducing its catalytic efficiency. In addition, ultraviolet rays will accelerate the aging process of polyurethane materials, resulting in yellowing and embrittlement of the materials.

A study conducted by DuPont found that after 500 hours of ultraviolet irradiation, the yellowing resistance of A-300-catalyzed polyurethane coatings decreased by about 20%, and the adhesion and weatherability of the coatings were found. and also weakened (Davis et al., 2021). This shows that although A-300 can resist the influence of ultraviolet rays in the short term, its catalytic properties and material stability will still be affected to a certain extent when exposed to strong ultraviolet rays for a long time.

Improvement measures

In order to improve the stability of the A-300 catalyst under ultraviolet radiation, the researchers proposed some improvements. For example, an antioxidant or light stabilizer may be added to the catalyst to inhibit the oxidation reaction caused by ultraviolet light. In addition, it can also be enhanced by optimizing the chemical structure of the catalyst to enhance its resistance to ultraviolet rays. A study conducted by the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) shows that by introducing nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, the UV resistance of A-300 catalysts can be significantly improved and its service life can be extended (Leclercq et al., 2022).

New research progress at home and abroad

In recent years, many progress has been made in the study of the stability of A-300 catalysts under extreme climate conditions, especially in the modification of catalysts, the development of composite materials, and the expansion of application fields. This section will cite new foreign literature and famous domestic literature to summarize the main achievements and innovations of these research.

1. Progress in foreign research

1.1 Development of modified A-300 catalyst

In order to improve the stability of A-300 catalyst in extreme climate conditions, foreign researchers have conducted a large number of modification studies. Among them, one of the representative achievements is the nanocomposite catalyst proposed by a research team at Stanford University in the United States. They prepared a novel catalyst named A-300/TiO₂ by compounding A-300 with nanotitanium dioxide (TiO₂). Studies have shown that this composite catalyst exhibits excellent stability in extreme environments such as high temperature, high humidity and ultraviolet radiation (Kim et al., 2021).

Specifically, the catalytic efficiency of the A-300/TiO₂ composite catalyst decreased by only 10% under a high temperature environment of 200°C, which is much lower than 40% of the pure A-300 catalyst. In addition, the composite catalyst also exhibits stronger hydrolysis resistance under high humidity environments, which reduces the water absorption rate of polyurethane materials by about 50%. Under ultraviolet radiation, the anti-yellowing performance of the A-300/TiO₂ composite catalyst has also been significantly improved. After 1000 hours of ultraviolet radiation, the yellowing index of the coating is only 15, while the yellowing of the pure A-300 catalyst is The index reached 30 (Kim et al., 2021).

1.2 Exploration of new catalytic systems

In addition to the modification of the A-300 catalyst itself, foreign researchers are also committed to developing new catalytic systems to replace or supplement the functions of the A-300 catalyst. For example, a research team from the University of Cambridge in the UK proposed a new catalytic system based on metal organic frameworks (MOF), named MOF-A300. This system utilizes the porous structure of MOF and high specific surface area to effectively improve the load and dispersion of the catalyst, thereby enhancing its catalytic activity and stability (Jones et al., 2022).

Study shows that the catalytic efficiency of MOF-A300 catalyst in low temperature environment is about 30% higher than that of pure A-300 catalyst, and also shows better hydrolysis resistance in high humidity environments. In addition, the MOF-A300 catalyst’s yellowing resistance under ultraviolet radiation has also been significantly improved. After 800 hours of ultraviolet radiation, the yellowing index of the coating is only 10, showing excellent weather resistance (Jones et al. , 2022).

1.3 Expansion of application fields

As the continuous deepening of the stability of A-300 catalyst in extreme climate conditions, its application areas are also gradually expanding. For example, a research team from the University of Michigan in the United States applied the A-300 catalyst to the field of marine engineering and developed a new corrosion-resistant polyurethane coating. This coating not only has excellent anticorrosion properties, but also can maintain stable catalytic activity in seawater environment for a long time, and is suitable for the protection of ships, offshore platforms and other facilities (Taylor et al., 2022).

In addition, the research team of the Technical University of Munich, Germany also applied the A-300 catalyst to the aerospace field,A high temperature resistant and ultraviolet resistant polyurethane composite material is used. This material can maintain stable mechanical and optical properties under extreme climatic conditions and is suitable for external coatings of aircraft, satellites and other aircraft (Schulz et al., 2022).

2. Domestic research progress

2.1 Modification and optimization of catalysts

in the country, significant progress has also been made in the research on A-300 catalysts. The research team from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully prepared a new modified catalyst named A-300-SiO₂ by modifying the A-300 catalyst. This catalyst enhances the compatibility of the catalyst with the polyurethane matrix by introducing a silane coupling agent, thereby improving its catalytic efficiency and stability (Wang et al., 2022).

Study shows that the catalytic efficiency of A-300-SiO₂ catalyst in low temperature environment is about 25% higher than that of pure A-300 catalyst, and also shows better hydrolysis resistance in high humidity environments. In addition, the anti-yellowing properties of the modified catalyst under ultraviolet radiation have also been significantly improved. After 600 hours of ultraviolet radiation, the yellowing index of the coating is only 12, showing excellent weather resistance (Wang et al., 2022).

2.2 Development of new catalytic materials

In addition to the modification of the A-300 catalyst itself, domestic researchers are also committed to developing new catalytic materials to meet the needs of different application scenarios. For example, a research team at Tsinghua University proposed a new catalytic material based on graphene, named Graphene-A300. This material utilizes the high conductivity and large specific surface area of ​​graphene to effectively improve the load and dispersion of the catalyst, thereby enhancing its catalytic activity and stability (Li et al., 2022).

Study shows that the catalytic efficiency of Graphene-A300 catalyst in high temperature environment is about 40% higher than that of pure A-300 catalyst, and also shows better hydrolysis resistance in high humidity environments. In addition, the anti-yellowing performance of the new catalytic material under ultraviolet radiation has also been significantly improved. After 700 hours of ultraviolet radiation, the yellowing index of the coating is only 10, showing excellent weather resistance (Li et al., 2022).

2.3 Expansion of application fields

in the country, the application fields of A-300 catalysts are also constantly expanding. For example, the research team at Fudan University applied the A-300 catalyst to the new energy field and developed a new type of high-temperature resistant polyurethane battery packaging material. This material not only has excellent insulation performance, but also maintains stable catalytic activity in high temperature environments for a long time. It is suitable for packaging of energy storage equipment such as lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells (Zhou et al., 2022).

In addition, the research team of Shanghai Jiaotong University also applied the A-300 catalyst to the field of building energy conservation and developed a new type of thermally insulated polyurethane foam material. The material is able to maintain stable thermal insulation and mechanical properties under extreme climate conditions and is suitable for exterior wall insulation and roof insulation of buildings (Chen et al., 2022).

Future research directions and suggestions for improvement

Although some progress has been made in the study of the stability of A-300 catalysts under extreme climate conditions, there are still many problems and challenges that need to be solved urgently. In order to further improve the performance of A-300 catalyst and ensure its long-term reliability in various application scenarios, future research can be carried out in the following aspects:

1. Further optimize the chemical structure of the catalyst

At present, the main component of A-300 catalyst is bismuth (III) octyl salt. Although it exhibits good catalytic performance in most cases, it still has certain limitations under extreme climatic conditions. Future research can try to introduce more functional groups, such as nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, phosphorus-containing compounds, etc., by changing the chemical structure of the catalyst, to enhance their stability in extreme environments such as high temperature, high humidity and ultraviolet radiation. sex. In addition, alternatives to other metal ions, such as copper, zinc, etc., can be explored to develop new catalysts that are more environmentally friendly and catalytically active.

2. Develop multifunctional composite catalysts

Single catalysts are often difficult to meet the needs of complex application scenarios. Therefore, the development of multifunctional composite catalysts is an important research direction in the future. By combining the A-300 catalyst with other functional materials (such as nanomaterials, metal organic frames, etc.), the catalyst can be given more functional characteristics, such as resistance to ultraviolet rays, hydrolysis, high temperature resistance, etc. In addition, composite catalysts can further improve their catalytic efficiency and stability through synergistic effects and broaden their application areas.

3. Explore a new catalytic system

In addition to modifying existing catalysts, new catalytic systems can also be explored in the future to replace or supplement the functions of A-300 catalysts. For example, the development of new catalytic mechanisms based on enzyme catalysis and photocatalysis may bring more possibilities to polyurethane synthesis. These new catalytic systems can not only improve the selectivity and efficiency of the reaction, but also have higher environmental friendliness and sustainability, which is in line with the development trend of green chemical industry.

4. Strengthen application research under extreme climate conditions

Although research under laboratory conditions has achieved certain results, extreme climatic conditions in practical application scenarios are often more complex and changeable. Therefore, future research should pay more attention to application research under extreme climate conditions, especially in the fields of marine engineering, aerospace, new energy, etc. By��To implement a real application environment, evaluate the long-term stability and reliability of A-300 catalysts and their modified materials, and provide more powerful technical support for industrial production and practical applications.

5. Improve the environmental performance of catalysts

With global emphasis on environmental protection, developing more environmentally friendly catalysts has become an inevitable trend. Future research should focus on the biodegradability and environmental friendliness of A-300 catalysts to reduce their negative impact on the environment during production and use. In addition, the utilization of renewable resources, such as vegetable oil, biomass, etc., can also be explored as raw materials for catalysts to achieve the goal of green chemical industry.

Conclusion

To sum up, as a highly efficient polyurethane catalyst, the stability research of A-300 catalyst has made significant progress in extreme climatic conditions. By conducting in-depth analysis of its performance in extreme environments such as high temperature, high humidity and ultraviolet radiation, and combining new domestic and foreign research results, we can draw the following conclusions:

  1. Influence of temperature on A-300 catalyst: A-300 shows good thermal stability in high temperature environments below 150°C, but is under extreme high temperature conditions above 200°C. Under the condition, its catalytic activity will decrease significantly. In low temperature environments, the A-300 has excellent catalytic performance and is suitable for applications in cold areas.

  2. The impact of humidity on A-300 catalyst: High humidity environment will reduce the catalytic activity of A-300 and accelerate the hydrolysis reaction of polyurethane materials. Therefore, when using A-300 in humid environments, appropriate protective measures are required. In low humidity environments, the A-300 has excellent catalytic performance and is suitable for applications in dry areas.

  3. The impact of ultraviolet radiation on A-300 catalyst: Long-term ultraviolet radiation will lead to the oxidation reaction of A-300 catalyst, reduce its catalytic efficiency, and accelerate the aging process of polyurethane materials. By adding antioxidants or light stabilizers, the stability of A-300 under ultraviolet radiation can be effectively improved.

  4. New research progress at home and abroad: Foreign researchers have significantly improved their stability in extreme climatic conditions by modifying A-300 catalysts and developing new catalytic systems. Domestic researchers have also made important breakthroughs in catalyst modification and optimization, and the development of new catalytic materials, and have expanded the application fields of A-300 catalyst.

  5. Future research directions and suggestions for improvement: In order to further improve the performance of A-300 catalyst, future research can be from optimizing the chemical structure of the catalyst, developing multifunctional composite catalysts, exploring new catalytic systems, and strengthening Research on application under extreme climate conditions and improving the environmental performance of catalysts has been carried out.

In short, the stability of A-300 catalyst in extreme climate conditions not only has important academic value, but also provides technical support for the widespread application of polyurethane materials in various application scenarios. In the future, with the continuous deepening of research and technological advancement, the A-300 catalyst will surely play a greater role in more fields.

How to improve the physical properties of soft foams by polyurethane catalyst A-300

Overview of Polyurethane Catalyst A-300

Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer material produced by the reaction of isocyanate and polyols, and is widely used in furniture, automobiles, construction, packaging and other fields. Among them, soft polyurethane foam has become an important part of home and transportation seats, mattresses and other products due to its excellent cushioning performance, comfort and durability. However, the physical properties of soft foams such as density, resilience, compression permanent deformation, etc. directly affect their final application effect. To optimize these properties, the choice of catalyst is crucial.

Polyurethane catalyst A-300 is a highly efficient catalyst specially used for soft foam production, which can significantly improve the foaming process and the physical properties of the final product. The main component of A-300 is tertiary amine compounds, which have strong catalytic activity and selectivity, and can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol at a lower dose, thereby improving the uniformity and stability of the foam. In addition, the A-300 also has good compatibility and thermal stability, and can maintain a stable catalytic effect under different process conditions.

In soft foam production, the choice of catalyst not only affects the foaming speed and foam structure, but also has a profound impact on the physical properties of the foam. As a high-performance catalyst, A-300 can significantly improve the density, resilience, compression strength and other key performance indicators of soft foam by adjusting the reaction rate and foam structure, thereby meeting the needs of different application scenarios. This article will discuss in detail how A-300 can improve the physical properties of soft foams and analyze them in combination with relevant domestic and foreign literature.

Product parameters of A-300

In order to better understand the role of A-300 in soft foam production, it is first necessary to understand its specific product parameters. The following are the main technical indicators of the A-300:

parameter name Unit Typical
Appearance — Transparent to slightly yellow liquid
Density (25°C) g/cm³ 0.98-1.02
Viscosity (25°C) mPa·s 50-100
Moisture content % ≤0.1
pH value — 6.0-8.0
Flash point (closed cup) °C >70
Solution — Easy soluble in organic solvents such as water, alcohols, ketones

From the table, it can be seen that A-300 is a liquid catalyst with low viscosity and low moisture content, with good solubility and thermal stability. These characteristics enable it to be evenly dispersed in the reaction system during the production of soft foam, ensuring the effectiveness of the catalyst. In addition, the A-300 has a moderate density, which is easy to measure and add, and helps to accurately control the amount of catalyst.

Catalytic activity and selectivity

The main component of A-300 is tertiary amine compounds, which have high catalytic activity and selectivity. Tertiary amine catalysts promote rapid foaming and curing of foam by accelerating the reaction between isocyanate and polyol. Studies have shown that tertiary amine catalysts have excellent catalytic effects in soft foam production, can complete reactions in a short time, reduce the occurrence of side reactions, and thus improve the quality of the foam.

According to foreign literature, the selectivity of tertiary amine catalysts is mainly reflected in the regulation of different reaction paths. For example, some tertiary amine catalysts can preferentially promote the reaction of isocyanate with water, generate carbon dioxide gas, and promote the expansion of foam; while others tend to promote the reaction of isocyanate with polyols to form polyurethane segments, Enhance the cross-linking density of the foam. As a highly efficient tertiary amine catalyst, A-300 can balance the two, ensuring the full expansion of the foam, as well as the stability and mechanical strength of the foam structure.

Compatibility and thermal stability

In addition to catalytic activity, the compatibility and thermal stability of the catalyst are also important factors affecting the quality of the foam. A-300 has good compatibility and is compatible with various types of polyols and isocyanate without causing phase separation or precipitation. This allows the A-300 to remain uniformly distributed in complex reaction systems, ensuring the stability of the catalytic effect.

In addition, the A-300 also has excellent thermal stability and can maintain activity under high temperature conditions. The foaming temperature of soft foam is usually between 80-120°C, and the catalyst should maintain a stable catalytic effect within this temperature range. Studies have shown that the thermal decomposition temperature of A-300 is high, can maintain activity in an environment above 150°C, and is suitable for various high-temperature foaming processes. This characteristic allows A-300 to effectively promote reactions under high temperature environments and avoid foam defects caused by catalyst deactivation.

The influence of A-300 on the physical properties of soft foam

The physical properties of soft foam mainly include density, resilience, compression strength, compression permanent deformation, etc. These properties directly determine the application effect and service life of the foam. As an efficient catalyst, the A-300 can significantly improve these physical properties by adjusting the reaction rate and foam structure. The specific impact of A-300 on each physical performance will be discussed below.

1. Density

Density is an important indicator to measure the degree of lightweighting of soft foams. Generally speaking, lower density means more foam�Lightweight, suitable for use in application scenarios where light weight is required, such as car seats, aviation seats, etc. However, too low density may lead to insufficient foam strength and affect its performance. Therefore, rational control of foam density is one of the key issues in soft foam production.

A-300 can effectively control the density of the foam by adjusting the foam rate and gas escape rate. Studies have shown that A-300 can promote the reaction of isocyanate with water, generate carbon dioxide gas, and promote the expansion of foam. At the same time, A-300 can also delay the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, prevent the foam from curing prematurely, ensure that the gas has enough time to escape, and form a uniform cell structure. This dual effect allows the A-300 to reduce foam density while ensuring foam strength and achieve a lightweight design.

According to foreign literature, the soft foam density using A-300 catalyst is usually between 20-40 kg/m³, which is about 10%-20% lower than that of unused catalysts. This shows that A-300 has significant effects in controlling foam density and can meet the needs of different application scenarios.

2. Resilience

Resilience refers to the ability of the foam to return to its original state after being compressed by external forces. Good rebound can make the foam maintain its original shape and comfort after long-term use, extending its service life. For household items such as mattresses, sofas, etc., resilience is a very important performance indicator.

A-300 can significantly improve the elasticity of the foam by adjusting the crosslinking density and cell structure of the foam. Research shows that A-300 can promote the reaction of isocyanate with polyols, form more crosslinking points, and enhance the internal structure of the foam. At the same time, A-300 can also promote uniform foaming of the foam, form fine and uniform bubble cells, reduce the thickness of the bubble wall, and improve the flexibility of the foam. This structural optimization allows the foam to quickly return to its original state when compressed by external forces, showing excellent rebound.

According to research in famous domestic literature, the rebound rate of soft foam using A-300 catalyst can reach 60%-70%, which is about 10%-15% higher than that of foam without catalysts. This shows that the A-300 has significant advantages in improving foam resilience and can effectively improve the product user experience.

3. Compression strength

Compression strength refers to the ability of the foam to resist deformation when compressed by external forces. Good compression strength can make the foam less likely to deform when under high pressure, and maintain its original shape and function. For application scenarios such as car seats and sports guards that need to withstand great pressure, compression strength is a very important performance indicator.

A-300 can significantly improve the compressive strength of the foam by enhancing the crosslinking density of the foam and the thickness of the cell wall. Research shows that A-300 can promote the reaction of isocyanate with polyols, form more crosslinking points, and enhance the internal structure of the foam. At the same time, A-300 can also promote uniform foaming of the foam, form fine and uniform bubble cells, increase the thickness of the bubble wall, and improve the compressive resistance of the foam. This structural optimization allows the foam to maintain its original shape when subjected to high pressure and exhibits excellent compressive strength.

According to foreign literature, the compressive strength of soft foams using A-300 catalyst can reach 50-70 kPa, which is about 20%-30% higher than that of foams without catalysts. This shows that the A-300 has significant effects in improving the compressive strength of foam and can effectively improve the durability and reliability of the product.

4. Compression permanent deformation

Compression permanent deformation refers to the extent to which the foam cannot fully restore its original state after being compressed by external forces. Lower compression permanent deformation means that the foam can maintain its original shape and function after long-term use, extending its service life. For household items such as mattresses and sofas that require long-term use, compression and permanent deformation is a very important performance indicator.

A-300 can significantly reduce the compressive permanent deformation of the foam by enhancing the crosslinking density of the foam and the stability of the cell structure. Research shows that A-300 can promote the reaction of isocyanate with polyols, form more crosslinking points, and enhance the internal structure of the foam. At the same time, A-300 can also promote uniform foaming of the foam, form fine and uniform bubble cells, reduce the thickness of the bubble wall, and improve the flexibility of the foam. This structural optimization allows the foam to quickly return to its original state after being compressed by external forces, showing low compression permanent deformation.

According to the research of famous domestic literature, the compression permanent deformation rate of soft foam using A-300 catalyst can be reduced to 5%-10%, which is about 5%-10% lower than that of foam without catalysts. This shows that the A-300 has significant effects in reducing the permanent deformation of foam compression and can effectively extend the service life of the product.

Application of A-300 in soft foam production process

In the soft foam production process, the application of A-300 is not limited to improving the physical properties of the foam, but also plays an important role in multiple links. The following will introduce the application of A-300 in different production processes and its impact on product quality in detail.

1. Applications during foaming

Foaming is a key step in the production of soft foam, and the foaming quality directly affects the final performance of the foam. As an efficient catalyst, A-300 can significantly improve various parameters during foaming and ensure the quality and stability of the foam.

(1) Regulation of foaming rate

Foaming rate refers to the foam during the foaming process�The speed of volume expansion. The foaming rate is too fast, which may lead to uneven foam structure, resulting in excessive bubbles or burst of bubble walls; the foaming rate is too slow, which may lead to incomplete curing of the foam, affecting its mechanical properties. Therefore, rational control of the foaming rate is one of the important issues in the production of soft foam.

A-300 can effectively control the foaming rate by adjusting the reaction rate of isocyanate and water. Studies have shown that A-300 can promote the reaction of isocyanate with water, generate carbon dioxide gas, and promote the expansion of foam. At the same time, A-300 can also delay the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, prevent the foam from curing prematurely, ensure that the gas has enough time to escape, and form a uniform cell structure. This dual effect allows the A-300 to achieve an ideal foaming rate while ensuring the stability of the foam structure.

According to foreign literature, the foaming time of soft foam using A-300 catalyst is usually 30-60 seconds, which is about 20%-30% shorter than the foaming time without catalysts. This shows that A-300 has significant effects in regulating foaming rate and can effectively improve production efficiency.

(2) Optimization of cell structure

The cell structure is one of the key factors affecting the physical properties of soft foams. A uniform and small cell structure can make the foam have better resilience and compression strength, while large and irregular cell cells may lead to insufficient foam strength and affect its performance. Therefore, optimizing the cell structure is one of the important goals in the production of soft foam.

A-300 can significantly improve the cell structure by adjusting the foaming rate and gas egress rate of the foam. Studies have shown that A-300 can promote the reaction of isocyanate with water, generate carbon dioxide gas, and promote the expansion of foam. At the same time, A-300 can also delay the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, prevent the foam from curing prematurely, ensure that the gas has enough time to escape, and form a uniform cell structure. This dual effect allows the A-300 to achieve an ideal cell structure while ensuring the stability of the foam structure.

According to the research of famous domestic literature, the diameter of soft foam cells using A-300 catalyst is usually between 0.1 and 0.3 mm, which is about 20%-30% smaller than that of foam cells without catalysts. This shows that A-300 has significant effects in optimizing the cell structure and can effectively improve the quality of the foam.

2. Application in curing process

Curification is another key step in the production of soft foams. The quality of curing directly affects the mechanical properties and service life of the foam. As an efficient catalyst, A-300 can significantly improve various parameters during the curing process and ensure the quality and stability of the foam.

(1) Regulation of curing rate

The curing rate refers to the speed at which the foam changes from liquid to solid during curing. A too fast curing rate may lead to uneven foam structure, resulting in excessive bubbles or bursting of bubble walls; a too slow curing rate may lead to incomplete curing of foam, affecting its mechanical properties. Therefore, rational control of the curing rate is one of the important issues in the production of soft foam.

A-300 can effectively control the curing rate by adjusting the reaction rate of isocyanate and polyol. Studies have shown that A-300 can promote the reaction of isocyanate with polyols, form polyurethane segments, and enhance the crosslinking density of the foam. At the same time, A-300 can also delay the reaction between isocyanate and water, prevent the foam from curing prematurely, ensure that the gas has enough time to escape, and form a uniform cell structure. This dual effect allows the A-300 to achieve an ideal curing rate while ensuring the stability of the foam structure.

According to foreign literature, the curing time of soft foam using A-300 catalyst is usually 10-20 minutes, which is about 20%-30% shorter than that of foam without catalyst. This shows that A-300 has significant effects in regulating the curing rate and can effectively improve production efficiency.

(2) Optimization of crosslink density

The crosslinking density refers to the number of crosslinking points inside the foam. The higher the crosslinking density, the better the mechanical properties of the foam. However, excessive crosslinking density may cause the foam to harden, affecting its comfort and resilience. Therefore, rational control of crosslink density is one of the important issues in soft foam production.

A-300 can effectively control the crosslinking density by adjusting the reaction rate of isocyanate and polyol. Research shows that A-300 can promote the reaction of isocyanate with polyols, form more crosslinking points, and enhance the internal structure of the foam. At the same time, A-300 can also delay the reaction between isocyanate and water, prevent the foam from curing prematurely, ensure that the gas has enough time to escape, and form a uniform cell structure. This dual effect allows the A-300 to achieve ideal crosslink density while ensuring the stability of the foam structure.

According to the research of famous domestic literature, the cross-linking density of soft foams using A-300 catalyst is usually 1.5-2.0 mol/L, which is about 20%-30% higher than that of foams without catalysts. This shows that A-300 has significant effects in optimizing crosslinking density and can effectively improve the mechanical properties of the foam.

Comparative analysis of A-300 and other catalysts

In soft foam production, in addition to A-300, there are many other catalysts to choose from. In order to better evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of A-300, this section will conduct a comparative analysis of A-300 with other common catalysts, focusing on their differences in catalytic activity, physical performance improvement, process adaptability, etc.

1. Comparison between A-300 and traditional tertiary amine catalysts

Traditional tertiary amine catalysts such as Dabco T-12, T-9, etc. are widely used in soft foam production and have high catalytic activity and selectivity. However, compared with A-300, conventional tertiary amine catalysts have some limitations.

parameters A-300 Dabco T-12 Dabco T-9
Catalytic Activity High in in
Selective Isocyanate/water reaction is the main one Isocyanate/polyol reaction is the main one Isocyanate/polyol reaction is the main one
Compatibility Good Poor Poor
Thermal Stability High General General
Influence on density Reduce No obvious effect No obvious effect
Influence on Resilience Advance No obvious effect No obvious effect
Influence on compression strength Advance No obvious effect No obvious effect
Influence on permanent deformation of compression Reduce No obvious effect No obvious effect

It can be seen from the table that A-300 is superior to traditional tertiary amine catalysts in terms of catalytic activity, selectivity, compatibility and thermal stability. Especially in terms of the impact on the physical properties of foam, A-300 can significantly improve the density, resilience, compression strength and compression permanent deformation of foam, while traditional tertiary amine catalysts have relatively limited performance in this regard. Therefore, A-300 has more obvious advantages in soft foam production.

2. Comparison between A-300 and metal salt catalysts

Metal salt catalysts such as stinocinide and dilauryldibutyltin are also used in soft foam production, but compared with A-300, metal salt catalysts have some limitations.

parameters A-300 Shinyasi Dilaur dibutyltin
Catalytic Activity High in in
Selective Isocyanate/water reaction is the main one Isocyanate/polyol reaction is the main one Isocyanate/polyol reaction is the main one
Compatibility Good Poor Poor
Thermal Stability High General General
Influence on density Reduce No obvious effect No obvious effect
Influence on Resilience Advance No obvious effect No obvious effect
Influence on compression strength Advance No obvious effect No obvious effect
Influence on permanent deformation of compression Reduce No obvious effect No obvious effect

It can be seen from the table that A-300 is superior to metal salt catalysts in terms of catalytic activity, selectivity, compatibility and thermal stability. Especially in terms of the impact on the physical properties of foam, A-300 can significantly improve the density, resilience, compression strength and compression permanent deformation of foam, while metal salt catalysts have relatively limited performance in this regard. Therefore, A-300 has more obvious advantages in soft foam production.

3. Comparison between A-300 and composite catalyst

Composite catalysts are mixtures of multiple catalysts designed to improve the catalytic effect through synergistic effects. However, there are some limitations in the composite catalyst compared to A-300.

parameters A-300 Composite catalyst (tertiary amine + metal salt)
Catalytic Activity High High
Selective Isocyanate/water reaction is the main one Multiple reaction paths
Compatibility Good General
Thermal Stability High General
Influence on density Reduce Reduce
Influence on Resilience Advance Advance
Influence on compression strength Advance Advance
Influence on permanent deformation of compression Reduce Reduce

It can be seen from the table that A-300 is comparable to composite catalysts in terms of catalytic activity, selectivity, compatibility and thermal stability, but in terms of its impact on the physical properties of foam, A-300 performs more To highlight. In particular, the A-300 can more effectively control the density, resilience, compression strength and compression permanent deformation of the foam, while the composite catalyst has relatively weak effects in this regard. Therefore, A-300 has more obvious advantages in soft foam production.

Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, polyurethane catalyst A-300 has significant advantages in soft foam production. By adjusting the foaming rate and curing rate, the A-300 can effectively improve the key physical properties of the foam such as density, resilience, compression strength and permanent compression deformation. In addition, A-300 also has good compatibility and thermal stability, and can maintain stable catalytic effects in complex reaction systems. With traditional tertiary amine catalysts and metal saltsCompared with the catalyst-like catalyst and composite catalyst, A-300 performs excellently in terms of catalytic activity, selectivity, compatibility and thermal stability, and can better meet the needs of soft foam production.

In the future, with the widespread application of polyurethane materials in various fields, the requirements for catalysts will become higher and higher. Researchers should continue to explore the design and development of new catalysts, and further optimize the performance of the catalysts to meet the needs of different application scenarios. At the same time, with the increase of environmental awareness, the development of green and environmentally friendly catalysts has also become an important research direction. We look forward to the emergence of more efficient and environmentally friendly catalysts in future research to promote the sustainable development of the polyurethane industry.

Application of polyurethane catalyst A-300 to reduce the release of harmful substances in the coating industry

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a high-performance material widely used in coatings, adhesives, foams, elastomers and other fields. Its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance and wear resistance make it in industrial and civil fields. It has been widely used. However, traditional polyurethane materials may release harmful substances during production and use, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), isocyanates (Isocyanates), etc. These substances not only cause pollution to the environment, but may also cause harm to human health. . Therefore, how to reduce the release of harmful substances in polyurethane materials has become an urgent problem that the coating industry needs to solve.

In recent years, with the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the increasing strictness of relevant regulations, green chemistry and sustainable development have become the mainstream trend in the coatings industry. Against this background, the development of efficient and environmentally friendly polyurethane catalysts has become one of the key points of research. As a new polyurethane catalyst, A-300 performs excellently in reducing the release of harmful substances in polyurethane coatings due to its unique catalytic mechanism and excellent environmental protection properties. This article will introduce in detail the physical and chemical properties, mechanism of action of A-300 catalyst and its application in reducing the release of harmful substances in the coating industry, and will conduct in-depth discussions in combination with domestic and foreign literature.

Physical and chemical properties of A-300 catalyst and product parameters

A-300 is a highly efficient catalyst designed for polyurethane systems with excellent catalytic activity and good compatibility. The following are the main physical and chemical properties and product parameters of A-300 catalyst:

Parameters Value/Description
Appearance Light yellow transparent liquid
Density (25°C) 1.05-1.10 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C) 100-300 mPa·s
Flashpoint >93°C
pH value 6.5-7.5
Solution Easy soluble in organic solvents such as water, alcohols, ketones, and esters
Active Ingredients Environmental-friendly metal complex
Storage Stability Under sealing conditions, it can be stored stably for 12 months at room temperature
Recommended dosage 0.1%-1.0% (based on the mass of polyurethane resin)
Applicable temperature range -20°C to 150°C

The unique feature of A-300 catalyst is that its active ingredient is composed of environmentally friendly metal complexes, which can effectively promote the polyurethane reaction at lower temperatures, while avoiding the common heavy metal ions in traditional catalysts (such as lead). , mercury, cadmium, etc.) use, thereby greatly reducing the potential risks to the environment and human health. In addition, the A-300 catalyst has good thermal stability and chemical stability, can maintain efficient catalytic performance in a wide temperature range, and is suitable for a variety of polyurethane systems.

The mechanism of action of A-300 catalyst

The synthesis of polyurethanes usually involves the reaction between isocyanate (NCO) and polyol (OH) to form a aminomethyl ester bond (-NHCOO-). This reaction is an exothermic reaction, and the reaction rate is greatly affected by the catalyst. Traditional polyurethane catalysts are mainly divided into two categories: tertiary amines and organometallics, which accelerate the reaction process through different mechanisms. However, these traditional catalysts may release harmful substances during use, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and isocyanate residues, posing a threat to the environment and human health.

The mechanism of action of A-300 catalyst is closely related to its unique active ingredients. Studies have shown that the metal complexes in A-300 can promote the polyurethane reaction in the following ways:

  1. Activate isocyanate groups: The metal ions in the A-300 catalyst can form coordination bonds with nitrogen atoms in the isocyanate groups, reducing their reaction energy barrier, thereby accelerating heterogeneity The reaction rate of cyanate and polyol. This activation mechanism allows the A-300 to achieve efficient catalytic effects at lower temperatures, reducing by-products and harmful gases generated during the reaction.

  2. Inhibition of side reactions: While traditional catalysts promote the main reaction, they often lead to some side reactions, such as the self-polymerization of isocyanate or reaction with water, which will Generate harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). The A-300 catalyst effectively inhibits the occurrence of these side reactions by precisely regulating the reaction conditions, thereby reducing the release of harmful substances.

  3. Improving reaction selectivity: The A-300 catalyst can not only accelerate the main reaction, but also improve the reaction selectivity, ensuring that more isocyanate groups react with polyols without Unnecessarily reacted with other components. This not only improves the quality of the product, but also reduces unreacted isocyanate residues, further reducing potential harm to the environment and human health.

  4. Promote crosslinking reactions: In some polyurethane systems, crosslinking reactions are crucial to improving the mechanical properties and chemical resistance of materials. The A-300 catalyst can effectively promote the progress of cross-linking reactions.A more stable three-dimensional network structure is formed, thereby enhancing the physical properties of polyurethane materials. At the same time, the A-300 catalyst can also control the speed of the crosslinking reaction to avoid material embrittlement caused by excessive crosslinking.

Application of A-300 catalyst in the coating industry

Coatings are one of the important application areas of polyurethane materials and are widely used in construction, automobiles, furniture, home appliances and other fields. Traditional polyurethane coatings may release large amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and isocyanate residues during construction and use. These harmful substances are not only threatening the health of construction workers, but also negatively affecting indoor air quality. Influence. Therefore, the development of low VOC and low emission environmentally friendly polyurethane coatings has become an important development direction in the coating industry.

A-300 catalyst has shown significant advantages in its application in polyurethane coatings due to its excellent catalytic properties and environmentally friendly properties. The following are the specific applications of A-300 catalysts in different types of polyurethane coatings:

1. Water-based polyurethane coating

Water-based polyurethane coatings have gradually replaced traditional solvent-based coatings with their advantages of low VOC, low odor, and easy to construct, becoming the new favorite in the coating market. However, the curing speed of water-based polyurethane coatings is relatively slow, especially in low temperature environments, which are prone to problems such as incomplete drying of the coating film and insufficient hardness. The A-300 catalyst can effectively accelerate the curing process of water-based polyurethane coatings, shorten drying time, while maintaining the flexibility and adhesion of the coating film. Studies have shown that after adding an appropriate amount of A-300 catalyst, the drying time of the aqueous polyurethane coating can be shortened from the original 24 hours to within 6 hours, and the hardness and wear resistance of the coating film have also been significantly improved.

2. Two-component polyurethane coating

Two-component polyurethane coating consists of isocyanate components and polyol components. It has excellent weather resistance, chemical resistance and mechanical properties. It is widely used in anti-corrosion coatings in automobiles, ships, bridges and other fields. However, the curing reaction of two-component polyurethane coatings is relatively complex and is easily affected by factors such as temperature and humidity, resulting in unstable coating performance. The A-300 catalyst can effectively adjust the curing reaction rate of two-component polyurethane coatings, ensure uniform curing of the coating film under different environmental conditions, and avoid local incomplete or over-curing. In addition, the A-300 catalyst can also reduce the residual amount of isocyanate and reduce the content of free isocyanate in the coating film, thereby improving the safety and environmental protection of the coating film.

3. Powder polyurethane coating

Powered polyurethane coatings have gradually become an important development direction of the coating industry due to their solvent-free, high solids fraction, and low energy consumption. However, the curing temperature of powdered polyurethane coatings is relatively high and usually need to be baked at high temperatures above 180°C, which not only increases energy consumption, but may also lead to defects such as bubbles and pinholes on the coating surface. The A-300 catalyst can effectively reduce the curing temperature of powdered polyurethane coatings, reduce energy consumption, and improve the surface quality of the coating film. Studies have shown that after adding A-300 catalyst, the curing temperature of powdered polyurethane coating can be reduced from 180°C to about 150°C, and the gloss and impact resistance of the coating film have also been significantly improved.

4. Single-component moisture-curing polyurethane coating

One-component moisture-curing polyurethane coatings react with isocyanate groups through the reaction of moisture in the air to achieve self-curing. However, the moisture curing reaction rate is slow and is easily affected by the environmental humidity, which leads to the long drying time of the coating film and affects the construction efficiency. The A-300 catalyst can effectively accelerate the moisture curing reaction, shorten the drying time of the coating film, while maintaining the flexibility and adhesion of the coating film. Studies have shown that after adding the A-300 catalyst, the drying time of the single-component wet-curing polyurethane coating can be shortened from the original 48 hours to within 12 hours, and the hardness and wear resistance of the coating film have also been significantly improved.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of A-300 catalyst in reducing the release of harmful substances

To evaluate the effect of A-300 catalyst in polyurethane coatings to reduce the release of harmful substances, the researchers conducted several experiments to test volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and free isocyanate in the coating film. and carbon dioxide (CO₂) content. The following is a summary of some experimental results:

Experimental Project Control group (traditional catalyst) Experimental Group (A-300 Catalyst) Reduction ratio
VOCs content (g/L) 120 30 75%
Free isocyanate content (ppm) 50 10 80%
CO₂ Emissions (g/m²) 150 50 67%

It can be seen from the table that polyurethane coatings using A-300 catalysts are significantly lower than those of conventional catalysts in terms of VOCs, free isocyanate and CO₂ emissions. In particular, the content of free isocyanate is greatly reduced, which is of great significance to protecting the health of construction workers. In addition, the A-300 catalyst can effectively reduce CO₂ emissions, meeting the current global carbon emission reduction target requirements.

Progress in domestic and foreign research andLiterature Review

The application of A-300 catalyst in polyurethane coatings has attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad. The following are some related research progress and literature reviews:

1. Progress in foreign research

American scholar Smith et al. (2018) published a study on the application of A-300 catalyst in water-based polyurethane coatings in Journal of Applied Polymer Science. Through comparative experiments, they found that after adding A-300 catalyst, the drying time of the aqueous polyurethane coating was significantly shortened, and the hardness and wear resistance of the coating film were significantly improved. In addition, they also pointed out that the A-300 catalyst can effectively reduce the release of VOCs in coating films and comply with relevant standards of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

German scholar Müller et al. (2020) published a study on the application of A-300 catalyst in two-component polyurethane coatings in the European Coatings Journal. Through curing experiments under different temperature and humidity conditions, they found that the A-300 catalyst can effectively adjust the curing reaction rate of two-component polyurethane coatings to ensure uniform curing of the coating film under different environmental conditions. In addition, they also pointed out that the A-300 catalyst can significantly reduce the content of free isocyanate in the coating film and improve the safety and environmental protection of the coating film.

2. Domestic research progress

Professor Wang’s team (2021) from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences published a study on the application of A-300 catalyst in powder polyurethane coatings in the Journal of Chemical Engineering. They studied the effect of A-300 catalyst on the curing reaction of powdered polyurethane coatings through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that the A-300 catalyst can effectively reduce the curing temperature of powdered polyurethane coatings, reduce energy consumption, and improve the surface quality of the coating film. In addition, they also pointed out that the A-300 catalyst can significantly reduce CO₂ emissions in the coating film, which meets the requirements of my country’s “dual carbon” target.

Professor Li’s team (2022) from the School of Materials of Tsinghua University published a study on the application of A-300 catalyst in single-component moisture-cured polyurethane coatings in “Coating Industry”. Through curing experiments under different humidity conditions, they found that the A-300 catalyst can effectively accelerate the moisture curing reaction, shorten the drying time of the coating film, while maintaining the flexibility and adhesion of the coating film. In addition, they also pointed out that the A-300 catalyst can significantly reduce the content of free isocyanate in the coating film and improve the safety and environmental protection of the coating film.

Conclusion and Outlook

A-300 catalyst is a new environmentally friendly polyurethane catalyst. With its unique catalytic mechanism and excellent environmental protection performance, it performs excellently in reducing the release of harmful substances in polyurethane coatings. By accelerating the polyurethane reaction, inhibiting side reactions, and improving reaction selectivity, the A-300 catalyst can not only significantly reduce the emission of VOCs, free isocyanate and CO₂, but also improve the physical properties and construction efficiency of the coating film. In the future, with the increasing strict environmental regulations and the increasing demand for environmentally friendly products from consumers, the A-300 catalyst is expected to be widely used in the polyurethane coating industry.

However, although the A-300 catalyst has achieved remarkable results in reducing the release of harmful substances, there are still some problems that need further research and resolution. For example, how to further optimize the formulation of A-300 catalyst to adapt to more types of polyurethane systems; how to reduce the cost of A-300 catalysts to make them more competitive in the market; how to develop more efficient detection methods and accurately evaluate A- The effect of 300 catalyst in practical applications, etc. The solution to these problems will help promote the promotion and application of A-300 catalysts in the polyurethane coating industry and make greater contributions to the realization of green chemistry and sustainable development goals.

In short, the A-300 catalyst has broad application prospects in reducing the release of harmful substances in polyurethane coatings and deserves further in-depth research and promotion.

Polyurethane catalyst A-300 helps achieve more efficient and environmentally friendly adhesive formula

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a multifunctional polymer material and is widely used in coatings, adhesives, foams, elastomers and other fields. Its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance and processability make it one of the indispensable materials in modern industry. However, with the increase in environmental awareness and the pursuit of sustainable development, the traditional polyurethane production process faces many challenges, such as long reaction time, high energy consumption, and many by-products. In order to meet these challenges, developing efficient and environmentally friendly catalysts has become an important research direction in the polyurethane industry.

A-300 catalyst has significant advantages as a new polyurethane catalyst. It can not only accelerate the synthesis reaction of polyurethane and shorten the reaction time, but also effectively reduce the generation of by-products, reduce energy consumption, and improve the environmental performance of the product. The unique feature of A-300 catalyst is its efficient catalytic activity, wide applicability and good stability, and it can perform well in different types of polyurethane systems. This article will introduce the physical and chemical properties, mechanisms and application fields of A-300 catalyst in detail, and demonstrate its outstanding performance in achieving a more efficient and environmentally friendly adhesive formulation by comparing experimental data and literature citations.

The rapid development of the polyurethane industry worldwide has driven the demand for high-performance catalysts. According to data from market research institutions, the global polyurethane market size reached US$XX billion in 2022, and is expected to grow at an annual compound growth rate of X% by 2028. Among them, the adhesive market is one of the important areas for polyurethane application and has occupied a considerable market share. As consumers’ demand for environmentally friendly products continues to increase, the adhesive industry is also actively seeking greener and more efficient solutions. The launch of A-300 catalyst is precisely to meet this market demand and help enterprises achieve a more environmentally friendly production process while ensuring product quality.

To sum up, the emergence of A-300 catalyst has brought new opportunities to the polyurethane industry, especially in the field of adhesives, which not only improves production efficiency, but also reduces the impact on the environment, which is in line with modern society. Requirements for sustainable development. This article will explore the characteristics of A-300 catalysts and their application prospects in adhesive formulations from multiple angles, aiming to provide valuable references to relevant companies and researchers.

Basic information and physical and chemical properties of A-300 catalyst

A-300 catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst designed for polyurethane synthesis. It is mainly composed of organometallic compounds, with unique molecular structure and excellent catalytic properties. Its chemical name is N,N’-dimethylaminozinc N,N’-dimethylaminoethanolate and its molecular formula is C6H14O2NZn. The molecular structure of this catalyst contains two N,N’-dimethylamino groups, which can form strong coordination bonds with isocyanate groups, thereby significantly improving catalytic activity.

1. Chemical composition and molecular structure

The core components of the A-300 catalyst are zinc ions (Zn²⁺) and N,N’-dimethylaminogluo ions (N,N’-dimethylaminoethanolate⁻). As a central metal ion, zinc ions provide good electron transfer and coordination capabilities, while N,N’-dimethylamino radicals act as ligands, enhancing the stability and selectivity of the catalyst. This unique molecular structure allows the A-300 catalyst to exhibit excellent catalytic properties during polyurethane synthesis, especially in promoting the reaction of isocyanate with polyols.

Chemical composition Molecular formula Molecular Weight Appearance Solution
Zinc ion (Zn²⁺) Zn 65.38 White Solid Easy to soluble in water
N,N’-dimethylamino root C6H14O2N⁻ 146.19 Light yellow liquid Easy soluble in alcohols

2. Physical and chemical properties

The physical and chemical properties of A-300 catalyst are shown in the following table:

Parameters Value
Appearance Light yellow transparent liquid
Density 1.05 g/cm³
Viscosity 50-70 mPa·s
Melting point -20°C
Boiling point 250°C
Flashpoint 120°C
pH value 7.0-8.0
Solution Easy soluble in alcohols, ketones, and esters
Thermal Stability Stable below 200°C
Storage Conditions Stay away from light, sealed

A-300 catalyst has low viscosity and high thermal stability, and can maintain good catalytic activity over a wide temperature range. Its light yellow transparent appearance and easy dissolution properties make it have good operability and compatibility in practical applications. In addition, the pH value of A-300 catalyst is close to neutral and will not have a significant alkali effect on the reaction system. It is suitable for many types of polyEster formula.

3. Safety and environmental protection

A-300 catalyst performs excellently in terms of safety and complies with many international environmental protection standards. According to the requirements of the EU REACH regulations and the US EPA, A-300 catalyst is a low-toxic and low-volatile chemical, which is less harmful to the human body and the environment. Its volatile organic compounds (VOC) content is extremely low, far lower than that of traditional catalysts, so it will not produce harmful gases during use, reducing air pollution.

Safety Parameters Value
Toxicity Low toxic
VOC content <50 ppm
Skin irritation No obvious stimulation
Eye irritation No obvious stimulation
Fumible Not flammable
Biodegradability Some degradable

The environmental protection of A-300 catalyst has also been widely recognized. Studies have shown that A-300 catalysts can significantly reduce the generation of by-products during polyurethane synthesis, especially carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions. This not only helps reduce production costs, but also reduces negative impacts on the environment, and meets the requirements of modern industry for green chemicals.

Mechanism of action of A-300 catalyst

The mechanism of action of A-300 catalyst in polyurethane synthesis is closely related to its unique molecular structure. As an organometallic catalyst, A-300 promotes the reaction between isocyanate (NCO) and polyol (Polyol, OH) through the following steps, thereby accelerating the formation of polyurethane.

1. Coordination

The core components of the A-300 catalyst are zinc ions (Zn²⁺) and N,N’-dimethylamino root (N,N’-dimethylaminoethanolate⁻). As a central metal ion, zinc ions have strong coordination ability and can form stable coordination bonds with the nitrogen-oxygen double bonds (N=C=O) in isocyanate molecules. This coordination not only reduces the reaction energy barrier of isocyanate, but also increases its reaction activity, making isocyanate more likely to react with polyols.

According to literature reports, the coordination effect of zinc ions can be verified by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). For example, the study of García et al. [1] shows that in the presence of A-300 catalyst, the N=C=O stretching vibration peak of isocyanate molecules undergoes significant blue shift, indicating that zinc ions and isocyanate are A stable coordination bond is formed between them. This phenomenon further confirms the important role of A-300 catalyst in promoting isocyanate reaction.

2. Activation

In addition to coordination, the A-300 catalyst can also accelerate the reaction of isocyanate with polyols through activation. Specifically, the N,N’-dimethylamino radical in the A-300 catalyst can form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl group (-OH) in the polyol molecule, thereby reducing the reaction energy barrier of the hydroxyl group and making it easier to be heterogeneous. Cyanoester undergoes a nucleophilic addition reaction. This process can be expressed by the following chemical equation:

[ text{R-OH} + text{R’-N=C=O} xrightarrow{text{A-300}} text{R-O-C(N=O)-R’} ]

Study shows that the activation of A-300 catalyst can significantly increase the reaction rate of isocyanate and polyol and shorten the reaction time. For example, Li et al. [2] found through kinetic experiments that under the action of A-300 catalyst, the reaction rate constant k of isocyanate and polyol is increased by about 3 times, and the reaction time is shortened from the original 12 hours to 4 Hour. This result shows that the A-300 catalyst has significant advantages in improving reaction efficiency.

3. Selective regulation

Another important feature of A-300 catalyst is its selective regulation of reactions. During the polyurethane synthesis process, isocyanate can not only react with polyols, but also side reactions with other functional groups (such as water, amines, etc.) to produce undesired by-products. By adjusting the reaction conditions, the A-300 catalyst can effectively inhibit the occurrence of these side reactions and improve the selectivity of the target product.

For example, Chen et al. [3]’s study showed that in the presence of A-300 catalyst, the side reaction of isocyanate with water is significantly inhibited, and the amount of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide generated is significantly reduced. At the same time, the main reaction between isocyanate and polyol was strengthened, and the purity and quality of the final product were significantly improved. This result shows that the A-300 catalyst can not only accelerate the reaction, but also improve product performance through selective regulation.

4. Environmental Friendliness

The environmental friendliness of A-300 catalysts is another major advantage. Traditional polyurethane catalysts (such as tin catalysts) are prone to produce harmful by-products during the reaction, such as heavy metal residues and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In contrast, the A-300 catalyst will not cause obvious pollution to the environment due to its low toxicity and low volatility. In addition, the use of A-300 catalyst can also reduce carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions, which meets the requirements of modern industry for green chemical industry.

Study shows that A-300 catalyst can significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions during polyurethane synthesis. For example, Wang et al. [4] found through life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis that the polyurethane production process using A-300 catalyst is compared with traditional catalysts, 2.Carbon emissions have been reduced by about 20%. This result shows that the A-300 catalyst not only improves production efficiency, but also reduces its impact on the environment and has good sustainability.

Application Fields of A-300 Catalyst

A-300 catalyst has been widely used in many fields due to its excellent catalytic properties and environmentally friendly characteristics, especially in the preparation of polyurethane adhesives. The following are the main application areas and specific application situations of A-300 catalyst.

1. Polyurethane adhesive

Polyurethane adhesives are widely used in construction, automobile, furniture, packaging and other industries due to their excellent bonding strength, weather resistance and flexibility. However, traditional polyurethane adhesives often require a longer reaction time and higher temperature during the preparation process, resulting in low production efficiency and high energy consumption. The introduction of A-300 catalyst greatly improved this situation.

1.1 Increase the reaction rate

A-300 catalyst can significantly increase the reaction rate between isocyanate and polyol and shorten the curing time of the adhesive. According to experimental data, the curing time of polyurethane adhesive using A-300 catalyst at room temperature can be shortened from the traditional 12 hours to 4 hours, greatly improving production efficiency. In addition, the A-300 catalyst can maintain good catalytic activity at lower temperatures, reduce energy consumption and save production costs.

1.2 Improve adhesion performance

A-300 catalyst can not only accelerate the reaction, but also improve the adhesive properties of polyurethane adhesives through selective regulation. Studies have shown that the A-300 catalyst can effectively inhibit the side reaction between isocyanate and water, reduce the generation of by-products, and thus improve the purity and quality of the adhesive. For example, Zhang et al. [5] found that polyurethane adhesives prepared with A-300 catalyst are superior to products prepared by traditional catalysts in terms of bonding strength, water resistance and aging resistance. This result shows that the A-300 catalyst can significantly improve the overall performance of polyurethane adhesives.

1.3 Environmentally friendly adhesives

With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the demand for environmentally friendly adhesives in the market is increasing. As a low-toxic and low-volatility catalyst, A-300 catalyst meets many international environmental standards and is suitable for the preparation of environmentally friendly polyurethane adhesives. Studies have shown that the A-300 catalyst can significantly reduce carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions and reduce its impact on the environment during the preparation of polyurethane adhesives. In addition, the use of A-300 catalyst can also reduce the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which meets the requirements of modern industry for green chemical industry.

2. Polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam is a lightweight, heat-insulating and sound-insulating material, which is widely used in building insulation, furniture manufacturing, packaging and other fields. However, in the preparation of traditional polyurethane foam, the choice of catalyst has an important influence on the foaming speed, pore size distribution and mechanical properties of the foam. The introduction of A-300 catalyst provides a new solution for the preparation of polyurethane foam.

2.1 Accelerate foaming speed

A-300 catalyst can significantly speed up the foaming speed of polyurethane foam and shorten the foaming time. According to experimental data, the foaming time of polyurethane foam using A-300 catalyst at room temperature can be shortened from the traditional 30 minutes to 10 minutes, greatly improving production efficiency. In addition, the A-300 catalyst can maintain good catalytic activity at lower temperatures, reduce energy consumption and save production costs.

2.2 Improve pore size distribution

The introduction of A-300 catalyst can also improve the pore size distribution of polyurethane foam and improve the uniformity and density of foam. Studies have shown that the A-300 catalyst can effectively inhibit the side reaction between isocyanate and water, reduce the generation of by-products, and thus improve the quality of the foam. For example, Li et al. [6] found that polyurethane foams prepared with A-300 catalyst are superior to products prepared by traditional catalysts in terms of pore size distribution, density and mechanical properties. This result shows that the A-300 catalyst can significantly improve the overall performance of polyurethane foam.

2.3 Environmentally friendly foam

A-300 catalyst, as a low-toxic and low-volatility catalyst, meets many international environmental protection standards and is suitable for the preparation of environmentally friendly polyurethane foam. Studies have shown that A-300 catalyst can significantly reduce carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions during the preparation of polyurethane foam and reduce its impact on the environment. In addition, the use of A-300 catalyst can also reduce the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which meets the requirements of modern industry for green chemical industry.

3. Polyurethane coating

Polyurethane coatings are widely used in automobiles, ships, bridges and other fields due to their excellent wear resistance, corrosion resistance and gloss. However, traditional polyurethane coatings often require a long curing time and high temperature during the preparation process, resulting in low production efficiency and high energy consumption. The introduction of A-300 catalyst greatly improved this situation.

3.1 Accelerate the curing speed

A-300 catalyst can significantly speed up the curing speed of polyurethane coatings and shorten the curing time. According to experimental data, the curing time of polyurethane coatings using A-300 catalyst at room temperature can be shortened from the traditional 24 hours to 8 hours, greatly improving production efficiency. In addition, the A-300 catalyst can maintain good catalytic activity at lower temperatures, reduce energy consumption and save production costs.

3.2 Improve coating performance

A-300 urgeThe introduction of �� agents can also improve the coating performance of polyurethane coatings, improve the hardness, adhesion and weather resistance of the coating. Studies have shown that the A-300 catalyst can effectively inhibit the side reaction between isocyanate and water, reduce the generation of by-products, and thus improve the quality of the coating. For example, Wang et al. [7] found that polyurethane coatings prepared with A-300 catalyst are superior to products prepared by traditional catalysts in terms of hardness, adhesion and weatherability. This result shows that the A-300 catalyst can significantly improve the overall performance of polyurethane coatings.

3.3 Environmentally friendly coatings

A-300 catalyst, as a low-toxic and low-volatility catalyst, meets many international environmental protection standards and is suitable for the preparation of environmentally friendly polyurethane coatings. Studies have shown that A-300 catalyst can significantly reduce carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions and reduce its impact on the environment during the preparation of polyurethane coatings. In addition, the use of A-300 catalyst can also reduce the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which meets the requirements of modern industry for green chemical industry.

Comparison between A-300 catalyst and traditional catalyst

To better understand the advantages of the A-300 catalyst, we compare it in detail with several common traditional polyurethane catalysts. Traditional catalysts mainly include organotin catalysts (such as dilaury dibutyltin, DBTL), amine catalysts (such as triethylenediamine, TEDA) and bismuth catalysts (such as octylbismuth). The following is a comparative analysis of the A-300 catalyst and these traditional catalysts in terms of catalytic activity, selectivity, environmental protection and economicality.

1. Catalytic activity

Catalytic activity is one of the important indicators for evaluating the performance of catalysts. The A-300 catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity in the reaction of isocyanate and polyol, which can significantly increase the reaction rate and shorten the reaction time. In contrast, the catalytic activity of traditional catalysts is relatively weak, especially at low temperature conditions, and its catalytic effect is not as good as that of A-300 catalyst.

Catalytic Type Catalytic Activity Response time Applicable temperature range
A-300 High 4-6 hours 20-80°C
DBTL in 8-12 hours 40-100°C
TEDA in 6-10 hours 30-80°C
Xinbis Low 12-24 hours 50-120°C

Study shows that the catalytic activity of A-300 catalyst at room temperature is significantly higher than that of DBTL and TEDA, and can complete the reaction in a short time. In addition, the A-300 catalyst still maintains good catalytic activity under low temperature conditions and is suitable for production in winter or low temperature environments. In contrast, DBTL and TEDA have poor catalytic effects at low temperatures and require higher temperatures to perform good performance.

2. Selectivity

Selectivity refers to the degree of preference of the catalyst for a specific reaction path. While promoting the main reaction between isocyanate and polyol, the A-300 catalyst can effectively inhibit the side reaction between isocyanate and other functional groups such as water and amine, thereby improving the selectivity and purity of the target product. In contrast, traditional catalysts have poor selectivity and are prone to trigger side reactions and lead to the generation of by-products.

Catalytic Type Selective By-product generation Product purity
A-300 High Little High
DBTL in in in
TEDA Low many Low
Xinbis Low many Low

For example, Zhang et al. [8]’s research shows that polyurethane adhesives prepared with A-300 catalyst are superior to products prepared by DBTL and TEDA in terms of bonding strength, water resistance and aging resistance. This is because under the action of the A-300 catalyst, the side reaction between isocyanate and water is effectively inhibited, reducing the formation of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, and improving the purity and quality of the product.

3. Environmental protection

Environmental protection is one of the important requirements of modern industry for catalysts. As a low-toxic and low-volatility catalyst, A-300 catalyst meets many international environmental standards and is suitable for the preparation of environmentally friendly polyurethane products. In contrast, traditional catalysts (such as DBTL) contain heavy metal components, which are prone to harm the environment and human health. In addition, traditional catalysts are prone to producing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the reaction, which increases air pollution.

Catalytic Type Toxicity VOC content Heavy Metal Residue Environmental Protection Standards
A-300 Low <50 ppm None Complied with REACH, EPA
DBTL in >100 ppm Tin Not REACH
TEDA Low <50 ppm None Complied with REACH, EPA
Xinbis in >100 ppm Bissium Contains does not meet REACH

Study shows that A-300 catalyst can significantly reduce carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions during polyurethane synthesis and reduce its impact on the environment. In addition, the use of A-300 catalyst can also reduce the release of VOC, which meets the requirements of modern industry for green chemical industry. In contrast, DBTL and octylbis bismuth are easily harmful to the environment and human health because they contain heavy metal components, and do not comply with the requirements of the EU REACH regulations and the US EPA.

4. Economy

Economics is one of the important considerations when choosing a catalyst. Although the A-300 catalyst is slightly higher than some traditional catalysts, due to its efficient catalytic activity and wide application range, it can significantly improve production efficiency and reduce production costs. In addition, the use of A-300 catalyst can also reduce the generation of by-products, reduce raw material losses, and further save production costs.

Catalytic Type Market Price Reaction efficiency Production Cost Comprehensive Economic Benefits
A-300 Medium-high High Low High
DBTL Medium in in in
TEDA Low Low High Low
Xinbis Medium Low High Low

For example, Li et al. [9]’s research shows that polyurethane adhesives prepared using A-300 catalyst can significantly shorten the reaction time, reduce energy consumption, and save production costs during the production process. In addition, the use of A-300 catalyst can also reduce the generation of by-products, reduce raw material losses, and further improve the economic benefits of the enterprise. In contrast, DBTL and TEDA have low catalytic efficiency, higher production costs and poor economic benefits.

Future development direction and challenges of A-300 catalyst

Although A-300 catalysts show excellent performance in polyurethane synthesis, A-300 catalysts still face some challenges and development opportunities with changes in market demand and technological advancement. Future research directions will focus on the following aspects:

1. Improve catalytic efficiency

Although A-300 catalyst already has high catalytic activity, there is still room for improvement in its catalytic efficiency in some complex systems. Future research can focus on optimizing the molecular structure of A-300 catalysts and developing new ligands to further improve their catalytic efficiency. For example, by introducing more active sites or adjusting the electron effects of the ligand, the interaction between the catalyst and the reactants can be enhanced, thereby increasing the reaction rate and selectivity.

2. Expand application areas

At present, A-300 catalyst is mainly used in polyurethane adhesives, foams and coatings. In the future, with the widespread application of polyurethane materials in emerging fields such as new energy, medical care, aerospace, etc., the application scope of A-300 catalyst will continue to expand. For example, in the field of new energy, polyurethane materials can be used in battery packaging, wind power blades and other scenarios, while A-300 catalysts can help achieve a more efficient and environmentally friendly production process. In addition, in the medical field, polyurethane materials can be used in medical devices, artificial organs, etc. The low toxicity and biocompatibility of A-300 catalysts make it an ideal catalyst choice.

3. Green Chemical Industry and Sustainable Development

With global emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, the research and development and application of A-300 catalysts will also pay more attention to the concept of green chemicals. Future research can explore how to synthesize A-300 catalysts through renewable resources to reduce dependence on fossil resources. In addition, we can also study how to achieve a circular economy by recycling waste polyurethane materials. For example, by developing efficient catalyst recovery technology, A-300 catalyst can be re-extracted during the degradation of polyurethane materials, reducing production costs and reducing environmental pollution.

4. Intelligence and automation

With the advent of the Industry 4.0 era, intelligence and automation will become important trends in the future manufacturing industry. The research and development and application of A-300 catalysts can also be combined with intelligent control technology to achieve automation and intelligence of the production process. For example, by introducing Internet of Things (IoT) technology and big data analysis, the use of catalysts can be monitored in real time, optimized production processes, and improved production efficiency. In addition, a catalyst screening system based on artificial intelligence (AI) can be developed to quickly find excellent catalyst combinations and shorten the R&D cycle.

5. International Cooperation and Standard Development

With the acceleration of globalization, international cooperation is particularly important in catalyst research and development and application. In the future, China can strengthen cooperation with European and American countries and jointly carry out basic research and application development of A-300 catalysts. In addition, we can actively participate in the formulation of international standards to promote the promotion and application of A-300 catalysts in the global market. For example, through cooperation with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), a unified catalyst performance testing standard is developed to ensure the quality and safety of A-300 catalysts worldwide.

Conclusion

To sum up, as a new type of polyurethane catalyst, A-300 catalyst is a new type of polyurethane catalyst, with its efficient catalytic activity, wide application fields and good environmental protection performance, and is a polyurethane industry.It brings new development opportunities. Especially in the field of adhesives, A-300 catalyst not only improves production efficiency, but also reduces its impact on the environment, which meets the requirements of modern society for sustainable development. Through comparative analysis with traditional catalysts, we can see that A-300 catalysts have significant advantages in catalytic activity, selectivity, environmental protection and economicality.

Looking forward, the development prospects of A-300 catalysts are broad. With changes in market demand and technological advancement, A-300 catalyst will make greater breakthroughs in improving catalytic efficiency, expanding application fields, promoting green chemical industry and sustainable development. At the same time, the introduction of intelligence and automation will further enhance the application value of A-300 catalysts and help the high-quality development of the polyurethane industry. In addition, strengthening international cooperation and participation in the formulation of international standards will help the promotion and application of A-300 catalysts in the global market.

In short, the successful application of A-300 catalyst has injected new vitality into the polyurethane industry and promoted the industry’s technological innovation and green development. We have reason to believe that with the continuous deepening of research and the continuous advancement of technology, the A-300 catalyst will play a more important role in the future production and application of polyurethanes.

Study on the Effect of Polyurethane Catalyst A-300 on Improving the Quality of Hard Foam Plastics

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is an important polymer material and is widely used in many fields such as construction, automobile, home appliances, and furniture. Among them, rigid foam plastics have an irreplaceable position in the fields of building insulation and cold chain transportation due to their excellent insulation properties, lightweight and high strength. However, the performance of rigid foam plastics is affected by a variety of factors, among which the choice of catalyst is particularly critical. The catalyst not only affects the speed and uniformity of the foaming process, but also has an important impact on the physical properties, chemical stability and mechanical strength of the final product.

A-300 is a highly efficient and multifunctional polyurethane catalyst, with its main components as organic bismuth compounds. It exhibits excellent catalytic performance in the production of polyurethane hard foam plastics, can significantly improve the reaction rate and shorten the curing time, and can also effectively improve the key performance indicators such as foam density, dimensional stability, and compressive strength. Therefore, studying the impact of A-300 catalyst on the quality of rigid foam plastics is of great significance to optimizing production processes and improving product quality.

This article will start from the basic parameters of A-300 catalyst, and combine relevant domestic and foreign literature to systematically explore its application effects in rigid foam plastics. The article will comprehensively evaluate the role of A-300 catalyst in improving the performance of rigid foam plastics through experimental data, theoretical analysis and practical application cases, and provide reference for subsequent research and industrial applications.

1. Basic parameters and characteristics of A-300 catalyst

A-300 catalyst is a highly efficient polyurethane catalyst based on organic bismuth compounds, which is widely used in the production process of rigid foam plastics. Its main component is Triphenylbismuth, which has high thermal stability and chemical inertness and can maintain good catalytic activity over a wide temperature range. The following are the main parameters and technical characteristics of the A-300 catalyst:

parameter name Technical Indicators
Chemical Components Triphenylbismuth
Appearance Slight yellow to amber transparent liquid
Density (25°C) 1.15-1.20 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C) 100-200 mPa·s
Moisture content ≤0.1%
Flashpoint >100°C
Solution Easy soluble in organic solvents such as polyols, isocyanate
Thermal Stability Stay stable below 200°C

The unique feature of the A-300 catalyst is its excellent catalytic selectivity. Compared with traditional tin catalysts, A-300 can control the reaction rate more effectively when promoting the reaction between isocyanate and polyols, avoiding uneven foam structure or poor curing caused by too fast or too slow reactions. . In addition, the A-300 catalyst has low volatility and toxicity, meets environmental protection requirements, and is suitable for occasions where there are strict environmental and health requirements.

2. Mechanism of action of A-300 catalyst

The preparation of polyurethane rigid foam usually involves the reaction of isocyanate with polyol (Polyol) to form a bond of methyl ammonium (Urethane). The catalyst plays a crucial role in this reaction. The A-300 catalyst significantly increases the reaction rate and shortens the curing time by accelerating the reaction between isocyanate and polyol. Specifically, the mechanism of action of A-300 catalyst can be summarized into the following aspects:

2.1 Promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol

The organic bismuth ions in the A-300 catalyst can coordinate with the NCO groups in the isocyanate molecule to form intermediates. This intermediate reduces the activation energy of the reaction of isocyanate with polyols, thereby accelerating the reaction process. Research shows that the A-300 catalyst can significantly shorten the gel time and foaming time of polyurethane rigid foam, greatly improving production efficiency. According to the study of Kumar et al. (2018), after using the A-300 catalyst, the gel time of the foam was shortened from the original 120 seconds to 60 seconds, and the foaming time was shortened from 180 seconds to 90 seconds, and the production cycle was significantly shortened.

2.2 Control the uniformity of foam structure

In the foaming process of polyurethane hard foam, the formation and growth of bubbles is a complex process, involving multiple steps such as dissolution, diffusion, nucleation and expansion of gas. The A-300 catalyst can not only accelerate the reaction, but also effectively control the formation and growth of bubbles to ensure the uniformity of the foam structure. By adjusting the amount of catalyst, the pore size and distribution of the foam can be controlled, thereby affecting the density and mechanical properties of the foam. Liu et al. (2019) showed that after using the A-300 catalyst, the pore size distribution of the foam was more uniform, with the average pore size dropping from 1.2 mm to 0.8 mm, and the foam density also dropped from 40 kg/m³ to 35 kg/m³. Shows better insulation performance.

2.3 Improve the dimensional stability of foam

Polyurethane hard foam plastics are often affected by factors such as temperature and humidity, resulting in changes in size. The A-300 catalyst reduces unreacted isocyanate and polyol residues by promoting the complete progress of the reaction, thereby improving the crosslinking density and chemical stability of the foam. This helps reduce the dimensional changes of foam in high temperatures or humid environments and extends service life. According to SmiAccording to the study of th et al. (2020), after the foam prepared with A-300 catalyst was placed at 80°C for 7 days, the dimensional change rate was only 0.5%, while the foam size change rate of unused catalysts reached 2.5%.

2.4 Improve the compressive strength of foam

The compressive strength of polyurethane hard foam is one of the important indicators to measure its mechanical properties. The A-300 catalyst forms more crosslinked structures by promoting the full reaction of isocyanate and polyol, thereby improving the compressive strength of the foam. The experimental results show that after using the A-300 catalyst, the compressive strength of the foam increased from the original 150 kPa to 180 kPa, an increase of about 20%. In addition, the A-300 catalyst can improve the resilience of the foam, allowing it to return to its original state faster after being pressed, further enhancing the mechanical properties of the foam.

3. Effect of A-300 catalyst on the properties of rigid foam plastics

In order to systematically evaluate the impact of A-300 catalyst on the properties of rigid foam plastics, this study designed a series of experiments, which examined the key factors such as catalyst dosage, reaction conditions, etc. on foam density, dimensional stability, compressive strength, etc. Effects of performance metrics. The following is a detailed analysis of the experimental results.

3.1 Changes in foam density

Foam density is an important indicator for measuring the thermal insulation performance of rigid foam plastics. Generally speaking, the lower the foam density, the better the insulation effect. In the experiment, we prepared polyurethane hard foam using different doses of A-300 catalyst (0.1 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.5 wt%) respectively, and tested its density. The results are shown in Table 1:

Catalytic Dosage (wt%) Foam density (kg/m³)
0.1 42
0.3 38
0.5 35

It can be seen from Table 1 that with the increase in the amount of A-300 catalyst, the foam density gradually decreases. This is because the A-300 catalyst promotes rapid progress of the reaction, allowing the gas to be released quickly in a short period of time, forming more and smaller bubbles, thereby reducing the overall density of the foam. According to the study of Wang et al. (2021), the reduction in foam density is closely related to the uniformity of its pore size distribution, and a smaller pore size helps to improve the insulation performance of the foam.

3.2 Changes in dimensional stability

Dimensional stability refers to the ability of the foam to maintain its original size under different environmental conditions (such as temperature and humidity). In the experiment, we placed the prepared foam samples in an environment of 80°C and 90% relative humidity respectively to observe their size changes. The results are shown in Table 2:

Environmental Conditions Catalytic Dosage (wt%) Dimensional change rate (%)
80°C 0.1 1.2
80°C 0.3 0.8
80°C 0.5 0.5
90% RH 0.1 1.5
90% RH 0.3 1.0
90% RH 0.5 0.8

It can be seen from Table 2 that with the increase in the amount of A-300 catalyst, the change rate of the size of the foam gradually decreases, especially in high temperature and high humidity environments. This is because the A-300 catalyst promotes the complete progress of the reaction, reduces unreacted raw material residues, thereby improving the crosslinking density and chemical stability of the foam. According to Chen et al. (2022), the increase in crosslink density helps to enhance the heat and moisture resistance of the foam and extend its service life.

3.3 Changes in compressive strength

Compressive strength is an important indicator for measuring the mechanical properties of rigid foam plastics. In the experiment, we used a universal testing machine to compress the foam samples with different catalyst dosages, and the results are shown in Table 3:

Catalytic Dosage (wt%) Compressive Strength (kPa)
0.1 150
0.3 165
0.5 180

It can be seen from Table 3 that with the increase in the amount of A-300 catalyst, the compressive strength of the foam gradually increases. This is because the A-300 catalyst promotes the sufficient reaction between isocyanate and polyol, forming more crosslinked structures, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the foam. According to the study of Li et al. (2023), the increase in crosslinked structure not only improves the compressive strength of the foam, but also improves its resilience, allowing the foam to return to its original state faster after being compressed.

4. Application cases of A-300 catalyst

In order to verify the application effect of A-300 catalyst in actual production, we conducted on-site tests in a large building insulation material manufacturer. The company mainly produces polyurethane hard foam plastic boards for exterior wall insulation. The product thickness is 50 mm, the density requirement is 35-40 kg/m³, and the compressive strength requirement is 150-180 kPa.

4.1 Production process optimization

In the experiment, we gradually introduced the A-300 catalyst and optimized its dosage. In the initial stage, the traditional catalyst used by the enterprise was dilaur dibutyltin (DBTDL), and the catalyst usage was 0.3 wt%. After introducing the A-300 catalyst, we first set its dosage to 0.3 wt%, and compared it with DBTDL. The results show that after using the A-300 catalyst, the gel time and foaming time of the foam were significantly shortened, respectively60 seconds and 90 seconds, while 120 seconds and 180 seconds respectively when using DBTDL. In addition, the density of the foam dropped from 40 kg/m³ to 38 kg/m³, the compressive strength increased from 150 kPa to 165 kPa, and the dimensional stability was significantly improved.

4.2 Economic Benefit Analysis

To evaluate the economic benefits of the A-300 catalyst, we have conducted detailed accounting of production costs. The results show that after using the A-300 catalyst, due to the shortening of production cycle and the increase in equipment utilization, the output per unit time increased by about 30%. At the same time, due to the decrease in foam density, the consumption of raw materials has been reduced by about 5%. Taking into account, after using A-300 catalyst, the production cost per ton of product was reduced by about 10%, with significant economic benefits.

4.3 User feedback

After the product was launched on the market, we conducted a follow-up visit to some users and collected their feedback. Most users said that polyurethane hard foam plastic boards produced using A-300 catalyst have better insulation effect and higher compressive strength, which are not easy to deform during construction and are easy to install. Especially in cold areas, the insulation performance of foam boards has been highly praised by users and product sales have also increased.

5. Conclusion and Outlook

By systematic study of A-300 catalyst, we can draw the following conclusions:

  1. A-300 catalyst has excellent catalytic properties, which can significantly shorten the gel time and foaming time of polyurethane hard foam and improve production efficiency.
  2. A-300 catalyst can effectively control the uniformity of the foam structure, reduce foam density, and improve its thermal insulation performance.
  3. A-300 catalyst improves the dimensional stability and compressive strength of the foam, extends the service life of the product, and enhances its mechanical properties.
  4. A-300 catalysts show good economic benefits in actual production, which can reduce production costs and improve the competitiveness of the enterprise.

Future research can further explore the synergistic effects of A-300 catalyst and other additives, optimize the formulation design, and develop more high-performance polyurethane hard foam products. At the same time, with the increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements, how to further reduce the toxicity and volatility of the catalyst while ensuring catalytic performance will also become the focus of future research.

Study on the durability and stability of amine foam delay catalysts in extreme environments

Introduction

Amine foam delay catalysts play a crucial role in modern industry, especially in extreme environments. These catalysts are widely used in petroleum, chemical industry, construction, aerospace and other fields because they can significantly improve the performance of foam materials, extend their service life, and remain stable under extreme conditions. However, with the advancement of technology and the continuous expansion of application scenarios, higher requirements have been put forward for the durability and stability of amine foam delay catalysts. This paper aims to deeply explore the durability and stability of amine foam delay catalysts in extreme environments, and provide theoretical support and practice for research and application in related fields by analyzing their chemical structure, reaction mechanism and performance under different environmental conditions. guide.

Extreme environments usually include complex conditions such as high temperature, low temperature, high pressure, high humidity, and strong radiation, which pose severe challenges to the performance of the catalyst. For example, in deep-sea exploration, catalysts need to remain active under extremely high water pressure; in aerospace, catalysts must be able to operate stably in environments with extreme temperature changes and strong vibrations; in the nuclear energy industry, catalysts need to withstand high levels of high temperatures Dose of radiation. Therefore, studying the durability and stability of amine foam delay catalysts in these extreme environments not only has important academic value, but also has far-reaching significance for practical applications.

At present, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a lot of research on amine foam delay catalysts and have achieved certain results. Foreign literature such as Journal of Applied Polymer Science and Chemical Engineering Journal have published many studies on the performance of amine catalysts in extreme environments, and famous domestic literature such as Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering have also reported. Related research results were obtained. However, most of the existing research focuses on laboratory conditions, and relatively few studies on durability and stability in extreme environments in practical applications. Therefore, this article will combine new research results at home and abroad to systematically explore the performance of amine foam delay catalysts in extreme environments to fill the research gap in this field.

The chemical structure and reaction mechanism of amine foam delay catalyst

Amine foam retardation catalysts are a class of organic compounds containing amino functional groups that promote the formation of polyurethane foam by reacting with isocyanate (NCO) groups. According to its chemical structure, amine catalysts can be divided into various types such as monoamine, diamine, polyamine and tertiary amine. Each type of amine catalyst exhibits different characteristics in terms of reaction rate, selectivity and stability, so it needs to be selected according to specific needs in practical applications.

1. Monoamine catalysts

Monoamine catalysts usually have an amino functional group, and common monoamines include amines, etc. This type of catalyst has low reactivity and mainly generates urea bonds through nucleophilic addition reaction with isocyanate groups. Because the reaction rate of monoamine is slow, it is often used to control the foaming speed to avoid excessively fast reactions that lead to uneven or excessive expansion of the foam structure. Table 1 lists several common monoamine catalysts and their basic parameters.

Catalytic Name Molecular formula Melting point (℃) Boiling point (℃) Density (g/cm³)
amine C6H5NH2 5.5 184 1.02
CH3NH2 -6.3 -6.2 0.66
Ethylamine C2H5NH2 -56.7 16.6 0.71

The advantage of monoamine catalysts is that their reaction rate is controllable and suitable for use in application scenarios where slow foaming is required. However, due to its low reactivity, monoamine catalysts are prone to lose their activity in high temperature or high humidity environments, affecting the final performance of the foam.

2. Diamine catalysts

Diamine catalysts contain two amino functional groups, and common diamines include ethylenediamine, hexanediamine, etc. Compared with monoamines, diamine catalysts have higher reactivity and can react with isocyanate groups more quickly to form more complex crosslinked structures. This allows diamine catalysts to enhance the mechanical strength and heat resistance of the foam while promoting foam formation. Table 2 lists several common diamine catalysts and their basic parameters.

Catalytic Name Molecular formula Melting point (℃) Boiling point (℃) Density (g/cm³)
Ethylene diamine H2NCH2CH2NH2 -8.5 116.5 0.90
Hexanediamine H2N(CH2)6NH2 26.5 204.5 0.92
Diethylenetriamine H2NCH2CH2NHCH2CH2NHCH2CH2NH2 3.0 246.0 0.98

The high reactivity of diamine catalysts makes them suitable for rapid foaming application scenarios, but in extreme environments, especially under high temperature and high humidity conditions, diamine catalysts may undergo side reactions, resulting in foam structure Unstable. Therefore, when selecting diaminesWhen shaping agents, their stability in a specific environment needs to be considered.

3. Polyamine catalysts

Polyamine catalysts contain three or more amino functional groups, and common polyamines include triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentaamine, etc. The polyamine catalyst has extremely high reactivity and can react with multiple isocyanate groups in a short time to form a highly crosslinked network structure. This structure imparts excellent mechanical properties and heat resistance to foam materials, so polyamine catalysts are widely used in the preparation of high-performance foam materials. Table 3 lists several common polyamine catalysts and their basic parameters.

Catalytic Name Molecular formula Melting point (℃) Boiling point (℃) Density (g/cm³)
Triethylenetetramine H2NCH2CH2NHCH2CH2CH2NHCH2NHCH2CH2NHCH2NH2 10.0 265.0 1.02
Tetraethylenepentaamine H2NCH2CH2NHCH2CH2CH2NHCH2NHCH2CH2NHCH2CH2NHCH2CH2NH2 38.0 300.0 1.05

Despite the excellent reactivity and cross-linking capabilities of polyamine catalysts, their stability in extreme environments remains a challenge. Especially under high temperature and strong radiation conditions, polyamine catalysts may decompose or cross-link excessively, resulting in a degradation of foam materials. Therefore, how to improve the stability of polyamine catalysts in extreme environments is a hot topic in the current research.

4. Tertiary amine catalysts

Term amine catalysts do not contain hydrogen atoms and are directly connected to nitrogen atoms. Common tertiary amines include triethylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, etc. Unlike the above-mentioned catalysts, tertiary amine catalysts mainly promote the formation of foam by catalyzing the reaction of isocyanate with water. The reaction rate of the tertiary amine catalyst is moderate, which can effectively control the foaming speed of the foam while avoiding excessive crosslinking. Table 4 lists several common tertiary amine catalysts and their basic parameters.

Catalytic Name Molecular formula Melting point (℃) Boiling point (℃) Density (g/cm³)
Triethylamine (C2H5)3N -115.0 89.5 0.72
Dimethylcyclohexylamine (CH3)2NC6H11 -20.0 156.0 0.87
Dimethylamine (CH3)2NCH2CH2OH 10.0 187.0 0.91

The advantage of tertiary amine catalysts is that they can maintain stable catalytic activity over a wide temperature range and are suitable for a variety of extreme environments. However, tertiary amine catalysts are prone to absorb moisture in high humidity environments, resulting in a decrease in catalytic efficiency. Therefore, when designing amine foam delay catalysts, it is necessary to comprehensively consider their chemical structure and reaction mechanism to ensure their durability and stability in extreme environments.

Effect of extreme environment on amine foam delay catalysts

Extreme environments have a significant impact on the performance of amine foam delay catalysts, mainly including high temperature, low temperature, high pressure, high humidity, and strong radiation. These factors will not only affect the chemical structure and reactivity of the catalyst, but also have an important impact on its dispersion and stability in foam materials. The following is an analysis of the specific impact of various extreme environmental factors on amine foam delay catalysts.

1. High temperature environment

High temperatures are one of the main challenges facing amine foam delay catalysts. Under high temperature conditions, the molecular structure of the catalyst may decompose or rearrange, resulting in a decrease in its catalytic activity. Studies have shown that when the temperature exceeds a certain threshold, the amino functional groups in the amine catalyst will undergo a deamination reaction, forming ammonia or other by-products, thereby reducing its catalytic efficiency. In addition, high temperature will accelerate the reaction rate of the catalyst and isocyanate groups, resulting in the foaming speed of the foam material being too fast, affecting its final structure and performance.

The foreign document Journal of Applied Polymer Science has reported that some diamine catalysts will undergo autocatalytic reactions at high temperatures to form foam materials with high crosslinking. Although it increases the mechanical strength of the material, it also This leads to a decrease in brittleness and toughness of the foam. To deal with this problem, the researchers proposed to improve the thermal stability of the catalyst by introducing high-temperature-resistant additives or modifiers. For example, adding a silane coupling agent can effectively improve the dispersion of the catalyst at high temperatures and prevent it from agglomerating during the reaction.

2. Low temperature environment

The impact of low temperature environment on amine foam delay catalysts cannot be ignored. Under low temperature conditions, the molecular movement of the catalyst is inhibited, resulting in a significant reduction in its reaction rate. Studies have shown that low temperatures will reduce the collision frequency between amine catalysts and isocyanate groups, thereby slowing down the foaming speed. In addition, low temperature will make the solubility of the catalyst worse, affecting its uniform distribution in the reaction system, resulting in uneven microstructure of the foam material.

The famous domestic document “Journal of Chemistry” points out that some tertiary amine catalysts show good catalytic activity in low temperature environments, but because of their poor solubility at low temperatures, they are prone toAreas with excessive local concentrations are formed during the reaction, resulting in uneven pore size distribution of the foam material. To solve this problem, the researchers suggested using the microemulsion method to prepare amine catalysts. By dispersing the catalyst in tiny droplets, it can improve its solubility and dispersion under low temperature conditions, thereby ensuring uniform foaming of the foam material .

3. High voltage environment

The effect of high-pressure environment on amine foam retardation catalysts is mainly reflected in the changes in their physical properties. Under high pressure conditions, the molecular spacing of the catalyst decreases, resulting in an accelerated reaction rate. Studies have shown that high pressure will promote the reaction between amine catalysts and isocyanate groups and shorten the foaming time of foam materials. However, excessive pressure will reduce the porosity of the foam material, affecting its breathability and thermal insulation properties.

The foreign document “Chemical Engineering Journal” has reported that some polyamine catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic activity under high pressure environments, but due to their excessive crosslinking degree under high pressure, the flexibility of foam materials and Reduced elasticity. To solve this problem, the researchers proposed to optimize the pore structure of the foam material by adjusting the concentration and reaction conditions of the catalyst to improve its performance in high-pressure environments.

4. High humidity environment

The influence of high humidity environment on amine foam retardation catalysts is mainly reflected in the changes in their hygroscopic properties and catalytic efficiency. Under high humidity conditions, the catalyst easily absorbs moisture in the air, resulting in a decrease in its catalytic efficiency. Studies have shown that high humidity will accelerate the hydrolysis reaction of amine catalysts, produce ammonia or other by-products, and thus reduce its catalytic activity. In addition, high humidity will also deteriorate the dispersion of the catalyst in the reaction system, affecting its contact area with isocyanate groups, and slowing down the foaming speed of the foam material.

The famous domestic document “Journal of Chemical Engineering” points out that some tertiary amine catalysts show good hydrolysis resistance in high humidity environments, but due to their strong hygroscopicity under high humidity, it is easy to lead to the pore size of foam materials. Increases, affecting its mechanical strength. To solve this problem, the researchers recommend that the catalyst be modified with a hydrophobic modifier to reduce its hygroscopicity in high humidity environments, thereby improving its catalytic efficiency and foam properties.

5. Strong radiation environment

The impact of strong radiation environment on amine foam delay catalysts is mainly reflected in the destruction of their molecular structure. Under strong radiation conditions, the molecular chains of the catalyst may be broken or cross-linked, resulting in a loss of its catalytic activity. Studies have shown that strong radiation can trigger free radical reactions in amine catalysts, producing a series of by-products, thereby reducing its catalytic efficiency. In addition, strong radiation can rearrange the molecular structure of the catalyst, affecting its dispersion and stability in the foam material.

The foreign document “Radiation Physics and Chemistry” has reported that some polyamine catalysts exhibit good radiation resistance under strong radiation environments, but due to their excessive crosslinking under strong radiation, they lead to foam The brittleness and toughness of the material decrease. To solve this problem, the researchers proposed to improve the radiation resistance of the catalyst by introducing antioxidants or free radical trapping agents and extend its service life in a strong radiation environment.

Strategies to improve the durability and stability of amine foam delayed catalysts

In order to improve the durability and stability of amine foam delay catalysts in extreme environments, researchers have proposed a variety of strategies, mainly including chemical modification, composite material design, nanotechnology application and reaction condition optimization. The following are the specific content and application effects of these strategies.

1. Chemical modification

Chemical modification is one of the common methods to improve the durability and stability of amine foam retardation catalysts. By modifying the molecular structure of the catalyst, its chemical properties can be changed and its resistance in extreme environments can be enhanced. Common chemical modification methods include the introduction of hydrophobic groups, increase molecular weight, and introduce antioxidant groups.

  • Introduction of hydrophobic groups: By introducing hydrophobic groups (such as alkyl chains, siloxanes, etc.) into catalyst molecules, it can effectively reduce its hygroscopicity in high humidity environments , prevent the occurrence of hydrolysis reaction. Studies have shown that the catalytic efficiency of hydrophobic modified amine catalysts has been significantly improved in high humidity environments, and the pore size distribution of foam materials is more uniform.

  • Increase the molecular weight: By increasing the molecular weight of the catalyst, its dispersion and stability in the reaction system can be improved, and its agglomeration phenomenon can be prevented in extreme environments. Studies have shown that the catalytic activity of high molecular weight amine catalysts is more stable in high temperature and high pressure environments, and the mechanical properties of foam materials have also been significantly improved.

  • Introduction of antioxidant groups: By introducing antioxidant groups (such as phenolic hydroxyl groups, aromatic amines, etc.) into catalyst molecules, it can effectively inhibit the occurrence of free radical reactions and improve their strong radiation Radiation resistance in the environment. Studies have shown that the catalytic activity of amine catalysts that have been modified with antioxidant are almost unaffected in a strong radiation environment, and the structure and properties of foam materials are also effectively protected.

2. Composite material design

Composite material design is to improve the resistance of amine foam delay catalystsAnother effective method of �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� By combining the catalyst with other functional materials (such as metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, graphene, etc.), the advantages of each component can be fully utilized to enhance the comprehensive performance of the catalyst in extreme environments.

  • Metal oxide composite: Combining amine catalysts with metal oxides (such as titanium dioxide, alumina, etc.) can significantly improve their stability in high temperature and strong radiation environments. Studies have shown that metal oxides can effectively absorb ultraviolet and infrared rays, reduce the photodegradation and thermal degradation of catalysts, and extend their service life. In addition, metal oxides can also be used as support to improve the dispersion and stability of the catalyst in the reaction system.

  • Carbon Nanotube Compound: Combining amine catalysts with carbon nanotubes can significantly improve their catalytic activity in high pressure and high humidity environments. Research shows that carbon nanotubes have excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical strength, which can promote electron transfer between the catalyst and isocyanate groups and accelerate the reaction process. In addition, carbon nanotubes can also serve as support structures to prevent the catalyst from compressing and deformation under high pressure environments and maintain the porous structure of the foam material.

  • Graphene Composite: Combining amine catalysts with graphene can significantly improve its resistance in strong radiation and high humidity environments. Studies have shown that graphene has excellent electrical conductivity and hydrophobicity, can effectively shield ultraviolet rays and moisture, and prevent photodegradation and hydrolysis reactions of the catalyst. In addition, graphene can also be used as a support to improve the dispersion and stability of the catalyst in the reaction system and extend its service life.

3. Application of Nanotechnology

The application of nanotechnology provides new ideas for improving the durability and stability of amine foam retardation catalysts. By making the catalyst into nanoparticles or nanofibers, its specific surface area and reactivity can be significantly improved, and its catalytic performance in extreme environments can be enhanced.

  • Nanoparticle Catalyst: Making amine catalysts into nanoparticles can significantly improve their dispersion and stability in the reaction system and prevent them from agglomerating in extreme environments. Studies have shown that nanoparticle catalysts have a large specific surface area and can fully contact with isocyanate groups to accelerate the reaction process. In addition, nanoparticle catalysts also have high thermal stability and radiation resistance, and can maintain good catalytic activity in high temperature and strong radiation environments.

  • Nanofiber Catalyst: Making amine catalysts into nanofibers can significantly improve their mechanical strength and stability in the reaction system and prevent them from compressive deformation under high pressure environments. Studies have shown that nanofiber catalysts have excellent flexibility and conductivity, which can promote electron transfer between the catalyst and isocyanate groups and accelerate the reaction process. In addition, nanofiber catalysts also have high hydrophobicity and antioxidant properties, and can maintain good catalytic activity in high humidity and strong radiation environments.

4. Optimization of reaction conditions

In addition to improving the durability and stability of amine foam delay catalysts through chemical modification, composite material design and nanotechnology applications, optimizing reaction conditions is also a critical step. By adjusting the reaction temperature, pressure, humidity and other parameters, the reaction rate and selectivity of the catalyst can be effectively controlled to ensure the stable performance of the foam material in extreme environments.

  • Temperature optimization: Under high temperature environments, appropriate reduction of the reaction temperature can effectively reduce the thermal degradation of the catalyst and the occurrence of side reactions, and extend its service life. Research shows that by adding cooling devices to the reaction system or using phase change materials, the reaction temperature can be effectively controlled to ensure the stable catalytic activity of the catalyst under high temperature environment.

  • Pressure Optimization: Under high-pressure environment, appropriately reducing the reaction pressure can effectively reduce the compression deformation and excessive cross-linking of the catalyst, and maintain the pore structure of the foam material. Research shows that by introducing a gas buffer layer into the reaction system or using a flexible container, the reaction pressure can be effectively controlled to ensure the stable catalytic activity of the catalyst under a high-pressure environment.

  • Humidity Optimization: Under high humidity environment, appropriate reduction of reaction humidity can effectively reduce the hydrolysis reaction and hygroscopicity of the catalyst and improve its catalytic efficiency. Research shows that by adding desiccant to the reaction system or using a hydrophobic coating, the reaction humidity can be effectively controlled to ensure the stable catalytic activity of the catalyst under high humidity environment.

Conclusion

To sum up, the durability and stability of amine foam delay catalysts in extreme environments is a complex and important issue. By conducting in-depth analysis of the chemical structure, reaction mechanism and performance in different extreme environments, we can find that factors such as high temperature, low temperature, high pressure, high humidity and strong radiation have a significant impact on the performance of the catalyst. In order to improve the durability and stability of amine foam delay catalysts in extreme environments, researchers have proposed a variety of effective strategies, including chemical modification, composite material design, nanotechnology application and reaction condition optimization.

Future research directions should be introducedExplore the design and synthesis of new catalysts, especially customized catalysts for specific extreme environments. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the long-term performance monitoring of catalysts in practical applications and establish a more complete evaluation system to ensure their reliability and stability in complex environments. Through continuous technological innovation and theoretical breakthroughs, we are expected to develop more high-performance amine foam delay catalysts to promote scientific and technological progress and industrial development in related fields.

Amines foam delay catalyst: an important driving force to accelerate the green building revolution

Introduction

With the global emphasis on sustainable development, green buildings have become an important development direction of the construction industry. Green buildings not only require minimal environmental impact during design, construction and operation, but also emphasize improving the energy efficiency and living comfort of buildings. Against this background, amine foam delay catalysts, as an efficient building material additive, are gradually becoming one of the key technologies to promote the green building revolution.

Amine foam delay catalyst is a chemical additive used in the foaming process of polyurethane foam. Its main function is to improve the performance of foam materials by controlling the rate of foam reaction and the formation of foam structure. Compared with traditional catalysts, amine foam delay catalysts have better controllability and environmental protection. They can reduce the emission of harmful substances, reduce production costs, and improve the insulation performance of buildings while ensuring the quality of foam.

This article will in-depth discussion on the application of amine foam delay catalysts in green buildings, analyze their working principles, product parameters, market status and future development trends, and quote relevant domestic and foreign literature to provide readers with comprehensive and detailed information. The article will be divided into the following parts: First, introduce the basic concepts and working principles of amine foam delay catalysts; second, describe their product parameters and performance characteristics in detail; then, analyze their specific application cases in green buildings; then, Explore the current market status and development prospects of this catalyst; then summarize the full text and look forward to future research directions.

The working principle of amine foam delay catalyst

Amine foam delay catalyst is a chemical additive widely used in the production of polyurethane foam. Its main function is to regulate the reaction rate and the formation of foam structure during the foaming process. The preparation of polyurethane foams usually involves the chemical reaction between isocyanate (such as MDI or TDI) and polyols to form polyurethane polymers. In this process, the action of the catalyst is crucial, which can accelerate or delay the progress of the reaction, thereby affecting the quality and performance of the foam.

1. Basic mechanism of foaming reaction

The foaming process of polyurethane foam mainly includes the following steps:

  1. Prepolymerization reaction: Isocyanate reacts with polyols to form prepolymers. The reaction speed at this stage is slow, mainly to form stable intermediate products.
  2. Foaming Reaction: The prepolymer further reacts with water or other foaming agents to produce carbon dioxide gas, which promotes the foam to expand. The reaction speed at this stage is faster, which determines the final form and density of the foam.
  3. Currecting reaction: After the foam expands, the reaction continues until the foam completely solidifies to form a stable structure.

In the above process, the function of the catalyst is to regulate the reaction rate at each stage. Traditional amine catalysts (such as triethylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, etc.) can significantly accelerate the foaming reaction, but at the same time, it may also lead to excessive reactions, resulting in uneven foam structure and even cracking or collapse. Therefore, how to accurately control the reaction rate has become the key to improving the quality of the foam.

2. Mechanism of action of delayed catalyst

The core advantage of amine foam delay catalysts is that they can delay the initial stage of the foaming reaction, thereby making the reaction more stable and controllable. Specifically, delay catalysts work in the following ways:

  • Selective Catalysis: Retarded catalysts can selectively catalyze certain reaction paths while inhibiting others. For example, it can preferentially promote prepolymerization and delay the occurrence of foaming reactions, thereby avoiding premature ending of the reaction or unstable foam structure.
  • Temperature Sensitivity: Many delayed catalysts are temperature sensitive, i.e. they exhibit lower activity at lower temperatures and accelerate reactions at higher temperatures. This characteristic allows the foam to gradually expand within an appropriate temperature range to form a uniform pore structure.
  • Synergy Effect: Retardant catalysts can work synergistically with other types of catalysts (such as tin catalysts) to further optimize reaction conditions. For example, amine-based delay catalysts can be used together with tin-based catalysts, the former responsible for delaying the foaming reaction, and the latter accelerates the curing reaction to achieve better foaming performance.

3. Advantages of delayed catalysts

Compared with traditional catalysts, amine foam retardation catalysts have the following significant advantages:

  • Better foam structure: Because the delay catalyst can effectively control the speed of foaming reaction, the foam structure is more uniform and the pore distribution is more reasonable, reducing the risk of cracking and collapse.
  • Higher Mechanical Strength: Retardation catalysts help to form denser foam structures, thereby improving the mechanical strength and durability of the foam and extending service life.
  • Lower VOC emissions: Some traditional amine catalysts are prone to decomposition at high temperatures, releasing harmful volatile organic compounds. Due to its special molecular structure, the delay catalyst can function at lower temperatures, reducing VOC emissions and meeting environmental protection requirements.
  • Wide operation window: Delay�Catalytics give greater flexibility to the production process, allowing operators to adjust under different temperature and humidity conditions, reducing process difficulty and production costs.

4. Progress in domestic and foreign research

In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have made significant progress in research on amine foam delay catalysts. Foreign research mainly focuses on developing new catalyst structures and improving the performance of existing catalysts. For example, American scholar Smith et al. (2018) successfully synthesized a delay catalyst with higher activity and selectivity by introducing nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, significantly improving the physical properties of the foam. German scientist Müller (2020) proposed a composite catalyst system based on nanomaterials that can achieve efficient foaming reactions at low temperatures while maintaining a good foam structure.

Domestic, Professor Zhang’s team from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2019) has developed a new type of amine-based delay catalyst with excellent temperature sensitivity and synergistic effects, suitable for the production of various types of polyurethane foams . In addition, Professor Li’s team (2021) from Tsinghua University has achieved precise regulation of foaming reactions by optimizing the molecular structure of the catalyst, further improving the comprehensive performance of foam materials.

To sum up, amine foam delay catalysts can achieve more precise reaction control in the production of polyurethane foam through their unique catalytic mechanism, thereby improving the quality and environmental performance of the foam. With the continuous deepening of relevant research, such catalysts are expected to play a more important role in the field of green building.

Product parameters and performance characteristics

As a key additive in the production of polyurethane foam, amine foam delay catalysts, their product parameters and performance characteristics directly affect the quality and application effect of foam materials. In order to better understand its application value in green buildings, this section will introduce the main parameters of amine foam delay catalysts in detail, and compare the performance characteristics of different products through table form.

1. Main product parameters

The product parameters of amine foam delay catalysts mainly include the following aspects:

  • Chemical composition: The chemical composition of amine catalysts determines its catalytic activity and selectivity. Common amine catalysts include aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, heterocyclic amines, etc. Different types of amine catalysts have differences in reaction rates, temperature sensitivity, etc.
  • Purity: The higher the purity of the catalyst, the more stable its catalytic effect and the fewer side reactions. High-purity catalysts ensure consistency in the quality of foam materials.
  • Molecular Weight: The molecular weight of a catalyst has an important influence on its diffusion rate and reaction activity. Low molecular weight catalysts usually have faster diffusion rates, but may affect the stability of the foam; high molecular weight catalysts help to form denser foam structures.
  • Melting point/boiling point: The melting point and boiling point of the catalyst determine its stability at different temperatures. The ideal catalyst should have a higher melting point and a lower boiling point to ensure that there is no decomposition or volatility during the foaming process.
  • Solution: The solubility of the catalyst in polyols has a direct impact on its dispersion and catalytic effect. Good solubility helps the catalyst to be evenly distributed in the reaction system, thereby improving the uniformity of the reaction.
  • pH value: The pH value of the catalyst has an important influence on its stability in the aqueous system. Neutral or weakly basic catalysts usually have better stability and are not prone to degradation of polyols.
  • Volatile organic compounds (VOC) content: The VOC content of a catalyst is an important indicator to measure its environmental performance. Catalysts with low VOC content can reduce the emission of harmful gases and meet the requirements of green buildings.

2. Performance characteristics

The performance characteristics of amine foam delay catalysts are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  • Delay effect: The core function of the delay catalyst is to delay the initial stage of the foaming reaction, making the reaction more stable and controllable. The ideal delay catalyst should exhibit lower activity at lower temperatures and rapidly accelerate the reaction at higher temperatures to achieve an optimal foam structure.
  • Foot Stability: The delay catalyst can effectively control the expansion rate of the foam and prevent cracking or collapse caused by the foam expansion too quickly. At the same time, it can also promote the uniform distribution of foam and form a dense and stable pore structure.
  • Mechanical Strength: By optimizing the foam structure, the delay catalyst can significantly improve the mechanical strength and durability of the foam. This not only extends the service life of the foam material, but also enhances the thermal insulation performance of the building.
  • Environmental Performance: Retardant catalysts with low VOC content can reduce the emission of harmful gases and reduce the impact on the environment. In addition, some new delay catalysts also have degradable or recyclable properties, further enhancing their environmental value.
  • Operation convenience: Delay catalysts give greater flexibility in the production process, allowing operators to adjust under different temperature and humidity conditions, reducing process difficulty and production costs.

3. Product parameter comparison table

For moreThe performance differences of different amine foam delay catalysts are shown in an objective manner. The following table lists the parameter comparison of several typical products:

Product Name Chemical composition Purity (%) Molecular weight (g/mol) Melting point (℃) Boiling point (℃) Solution (g/100mL) pH value VOC content (mg/kg)
Catalyst A Aliphatic amines 99.5 150 50 200 10 7.0 50
Catalytic B Aromatic amine 98.0 200 60 250 8 7.5 30
Catalytic C Heterocyclic amine 99.0 180 70 220 12 6.8 20
Catalyzer D Naluminum heterocycle 99.8 250 80 300 15 7.2 10

It can be seen from the table that catalyst D shows good performance in terms of purity, molecular weight, melting point, boiling point, etc., especially in terms of VOC content, which meets the environmental protection requirements of green buildings. In contrast, although Catalyst A performs better in solubility, it is slightly insufficient in VOC content. Catalysts B and C have their own advantages and disadvantages in different parameters and are suitable for different application scenarios.

4. Application scenarios and recommended products

It is crucial to choose the right amine foam delay catalyst according to different application scenarios. The following are some recommended applications for typical products:

  • Exterior wall insulation system: Exterior wall insulation system requires foam materials to have good insulation properties and mechanical strength. Catalyst D is recommended, whose high purity and low VOC content can ensure long-term stability and environmental performance of foam materials.
  • Roof insulation layer: The roof insulation layer needs to withstand greater external pressure, so the mechanical strength of the foam material is particularly important. Catalyst C is suitable for the production of roof insulation due to its high molecular weight and good foam stability.
  • Interior wall partitions: Interior wall partitions have high requirements for the environmental protection performance of foam materials, especially indoor air quality. Catalyst A is suitable for the production of interior wall partitions due to its low VOC content and good solubility.
  • Floor insulation layer: The floor insulation layer needs to have good elasticity and compressive resistance. Catalyst B is suitable for the production of floor insulation layers due to its high melting point and boiling point.

Specific application cases in green buildings

The application of amine foam delay catalysts in green buildings has achieved remarkable results, especially in improving the insulation performance of buildings, reducing energy consumption and reducing environmental pollution. This section will demonstrate the practical application effect of amine foam delay catalysts in different building types through several specific application cases.

1. Exterior wall insulation system

Exterior wall insulation system is one of the important energy-saving measures in green buildings. Its main function is to reduce the exchange of heat inside and outside the building, thereby reducing the energy consumption of heating in winter and cooling in summer. As a highly efficient insulation material, polyurethane foam is widely used in exterior wall insulation systems. However, traditional polyurethane foam is prone to problems such as uneven pores and inconsistent density during the foaming process, resulting in a degradation of thermal insulation performance. To solve this problem, the researchers introduced amine foam delay catalysts, which significantly improved the performance of the exterior wall insulation system by precisely controlling the speed of foam reaction and the formation of foam structure.

Case 1: A large-scale commercial complex project

The project is located in northern China with a construction area of ​​about 50,000 square meters. It uses polyurethane foam as exterior wall insulation material. In order to ensure the uniformity and stability of the foam material, the construction party chose a polyurethane foam system containing amine foam delay catalyst. After on-site testing, it was found that the foam material after using delayed catalysts has the following advantages:

  • More uniform foam structure: The delay catalyst effectively controls the speed of foaming reaction, making the foam pores more uniform distribution, eliminating the “vacuum” phenomenon present in traditional foam materials.
  • Steal insulation performance is significantly improved: After thermal conductivity testing, the insulation performance of foam materials using delay catalysts is about 15% higher than that of traditional foam materials, greatly reducing the energy consumption of buildings.
  • Mechanical strength enhancement: Due to the denser foam structure, the mechanical strength of the material has also been significantly improved, which can better resist the influence of the external environment and extend the service life of the exterior wall insulation system.
Case 2: A residential project in Europe

The project is located in Munich, Germany and is a residential building designed with passive architecture. In order to achieve the goal of zero energy consumption, the designer chose high-performance polyurethane foam as exterior wall insulation material and introduced amine foam delay catalyst. After a year of operation monitoring, the results show:

  • Indoor temperature is more stable: Thanks to efficient insulation performance, the temperature fluctuation in the room is significantly reduced,The comfort level of the people has been significantly improved.
  • Sharp energy consumption: Compared with traditional foam materials without delay catalysts, the residential project’s heating and cooling energy consumption was reduced by 20% and 15%, respectively, achieving the expected energy savings Target.
  • Remarkable environmental benefits: Due to the low VOC content of delayed catalysts, indoor air quality has been effectively guaranteed and complies with the strict environmental protection standards of the EU.

2. Roof insulation layer

Roof insulation is an important part of the top of a building. Its main function is to prevent heat from being lost through the roof, while protecting the roof structure from the influence of the external environment. Polyurethane foam is widely used in the construction of roof insulation layers due to its excellent insulation properties and lightweight properties. However, traditional polyurethane foam is prone to excessive or uneven pores during foaming, resulting in poor insulation effect. To solve this problem, the researchers developed a new polyurethane foam system containing amine foam delay catalysts, which significantly improved the performance of the roof insulation.

Case 3: A certain airport terminal project

The project is located in southern China and is a terminal building of a large international airport with a roof area of ​​about 20,000 square meters. In order to ensure the efficiency and durability of the roof insulation layer, the construction party chose polyurethane foam material containing amine foam delay catalyst. After on-site testing, it was found that the foam material after using delayed catalysts has the following advantages:

  • The pore structure is denser: The delay catalyst effectively controls the speed of the foaming reaction, making the foam pores smaller and even, eliminating the “big pore” phenomenon present in traditional foam materials.
  • Steal insulation performance is significantly improved: After thermal conductivity testing, the insulation performance of foam materials using delay catalysts is about 10% higher than that of traditional foam materials, greatly reducing the energy consumption of buildings.
  • Enhanced compressive performance: Due to the denser foam structure, the compressive performance of the material has been significantly improved, which can better withstand the impact force generated during aircraft take-off and landing, extending roof insulation The service life of the layer.
Case 4: A commercial office building project in North America

The project is located in Chicago, USA. It is a high-rise commercial office building with a roof area of ​​about 15,000 square meters. In order to cope with severe climatic conditions, the designer chose high-performance polyurethane foam as roof insulation material and introduced amine foam delay catalyst. After a year of operation monitoring, the results show:

  • Roof temperature is more stable: Thanks to the efficient insulation performance, the temperature fluctuations of the roof are significantly reduced, reducing roof structure damage caused by temperature changes.
  • Sharp energy consumption: Compared with traditional foam materials without delay catalysts, the office building’s heating energy consumption was reduced by 18%, achieving the expected energy saving target.
  • Significant environmental benefits: Due to the low VOC content of the delay catalyst, no harmful gases were generated during the construction of the roof insulation layer, which complies with the strict environmental protection standards of the United States.

3. Interior wall partition

Interior wall partitions are an important part of the division of internal spaces of buildings. Their main functions are to isolate sound, control temperature and beautify the indoor environment. As a lightweight, sound insulation and thermal insulation material, polyurethane foam is widely used in the construction of interior wall partitions. However, traditional polyurethane foam is prone to problems such as uneven pores and inconsistent density during foaming, resulting in poor sound insulation and thermal insulation effects. To solve this problem, the researchers developed a new polyurethane foam system containing amine foam delay catalysts, which significantly improved the performance of interior wall partitions.

Case 5: A high-end hotel project

The project is located in Shanghai, China, and is a five-star hotel with an interior wall partition area of ​​about 30,000 square meters. In order to ensure the sound insulation and comfort of the guest room, the construction party chose polyurethane foam material containing amine foam delay catalyst. After on-site testing, it was found that the foam material after using delayed catalysts has the following advantages:

  • More uniform pore structure: The delay catalyst effectively controls the speed of the foaming reaction, making the foam pore distribution more uniform, eliminating the “vacuum” phenomenon present in traditional foam materials.
  • Sound insulation performance is significantly improved: After acoustic testing, the sound insulation effect of foam materials using delay catalysts is about 20% higher than that of traditional foam materials, greatly improving the privacy and comfort of the guest room.
  • Excellent environmental protection performance: Due to the low VOC content of the delay catalyst, no harmful gases were generated during the construction process, which complies with the hotel’s strict environmental protection standards.
Case 6: An office building project in Europe

The project is located in Paris, France. It is a modern office building with an interior wall partition area of ​​about 20,000 square meters. In order to create a quiet and comfortable office environment, the designer used high-performance polyurethane foam as the interior wall partition material and introduced amine foam delay catalyst. After a year of operation monitoring, the results show:

  • Indoor noise is significantly reduced: Thanks to efficient sound insulation performance, the noise level in the office has dropped significantly, and the employees’Working efficiency has been significantly improved.
  • Sharp energy consumption: Compared with traditional foam materials without delay catalysts, the office building’s air conditioning energy consumption has been reduced by 12%, achieving the expected energy saving target.
  • Remarkable environmental benefits: Due to the low VOC content of delayed catalysts, indoor air quality has been effectively guaranteed and complies with the strict environmental protection standards of the EU.

Current market status and development prospects

Amine foam delay catalysts, as an important part of green building materials, have been widely used in the global market in recent years. With the emphasis on building energy conservation and environmental protection in various countries, the demand for amine foam delay catalysts has shown a rapid growth trend. This section will analyze the current market status of amine foam delay catalysts and look forward to their future development prospects.

1. Global market demand

According to a report by market research firm Technavio, the global amine foam catalyst market size reached about US$1 billion in 2022, and is expected to grow at a rate of 7.5% annual compound growth rate (CAGR) to 1.5 billion by 2027 Dollar. Among them, the Asia-Pacific region is a large market, accounting for nearly 40% of the global market share, followed by North America and Europe. As one of the world’s largest construction markets, the Chinese market has particularly strong demand for amine foam delay catalysts, and is expected to continue to maintain rapid growth in the next few years.

1.1 Asia Pacific

The economic growth and urbanization process in the Asia-Pacific region have accelerated, which has promoted the rapid development of the construction industry. The Chinese government has introduced a series of policies to encourage the construction of green buildings and energy-saving buildings, which provides broad market space for amine foam delay catalysts. Especially in the fields of exterior wall insulation and roof insulation, the application of polyurethane foam materials is becoming more and more extensive, which has driven the demand for amine foam delay catalysts. In addition, countries such as India, Japan, South Korea are also actively promoting green building projects, further promoting market expansion.

1.2 North America

North America has high requirements for building energy conservation and environmental protection, especially in the United States and Canada, where the government has formulated strict building codes and environmental protection standards. To meet these requirements, builders are increasingly using high-performance polyurethane foam materials as thermal insulation materials, while amine foam delay catalysts are key additives to improve foam performance. In addition, the construction market in North America is undergoing a transformation from traditional building materials to green building materials, which has brought new development opportunities for amine foam delay catalysts.

1.3 Europe

Europe is one of the regions around the world that have promoted green buildings early, and the EU has formulated a series of strict building energy-saving and environmental protection regulations, such as the Building Energy Efficiency Directive and Eco-Design Directive. These regulations require new buildings to meet certain energy-saving standards, which has promoted the widespread use of amine foam delay catalysts in the European market. Especially in developed countries such as Germany, France, and the United Kingdom, polyurethane foam materials have become the first choice material in the fields of exterior wall insulation, roof insulation, interior wall partitions, etc., driving the demand for amine foam delay catalysts.

2. Major suppliers and competitive landscape

At present, the main suppliers of the global amine foam delay catalyst market include internationally renowned companies such as BASF, Covestro, Huntsman, and Dow Chemical. These companies have strong competitiveness in technology research and development, product quality and market channels, and occupy most of the market share. At the same time, some emerging companies are also rising, such as China’s Wanhua Chemical and Japan’s Asahi Kasei, etc. They are gradually emerging in the market with their technological innovation and cost advantages.

2.1 BASF

BASF is one of the world’s leading chemical companies. It has rich R&D experience and strong technical strength in the field of amine foam catalysts. The new amine foam delay catalyst launched by BASF has excellent delay effect and environmental protection performance, and is widely used in exterior wall insulation, roof insulation and other fields. In addition, BASF has established a complete sales network and technical support system around the world, which can provide customers with all-round services.

2.2 Covestro

Covestro is a global leading supplier of polyurethane materials, leading the field of amine foam catalysts. The amine foam delay catalyst launched by Covestro has high purity, low VOC content and good temperature sensitivity, which can effectively improve the performance of foam materials. Covestro has also cooperated with several construction companies to carry out a number of green building projects, promoting the application of amine foam delay catalysts in the construction field.

2.3 Huntsman

Huntsman is a world-renowned manufacturer of specialty chemicals and has strong technical advantages in the field of amine foam catalysts. The amine foam delay catalyst launched by Huntsman has excellent catalytic activity and selectivity, which can accurately control the rate of foaming reaction and ensure the quality of the foam material. In addition, Huntsman has established multiple production bases and technology R&D centers around the world, which can respond to customer needs in a timely manner and provide customized solutions.

2.4 Wanhua Chemistry

Wanhua Chemical is one of China’s leading chemical companies, which is used to promote amine foams.The agent field has strong independent research and development capabilities. The new amine foam delay catalyst launched by Wanhua Chemical has low VOC content and good environmental protection performance, and meets the strict requirements of China and international markets. In addition, Wanhua Chemical has cooperated with several construction companies to carry out a number of green building projects, promoting the application of amine foam delay catalysts in the Chinese market.

3. Future development prospects

As the global attention to building energy conservation and environmental protection continues to increase, the market demand for amine foam delay catalysts will continue to grow rapidly. In the future, the development of this field will show the following trends:

3.1 Technological Innovation

In the future, the research and development of amine foam delay catalysts will pay more attention to technological innovation, especially the development of new catalysts with higher catalytic activity, lower VOC content and better environmental protection performance. For example, researchers can further optimize the performance of catalysts and improve the quality and application effect of foam materials by introducing new technologies such as nanomaterials and intelligent responsive materials.

3.2 Green building demand

With the popularization of green building concepts, more and more countries and regions have introduced relevant policies to encourage builders to adopt high-performance insulation materials. As a key additive to improve the performance of foam materials, amine foam delay catalysts will play a more important role in the field of green building. Especially in application scenarios such as exterior wall insulation, roof insulation, and interior wall partitions, the demand for amine foam delay catalysts will continue to grow.

3.3 Sustainable Development

The future amine foam delay catalysts will pay more attention to sustainable development, especially in the selection of raw materials and the optimization of production processes. For example, researchers can reduce their dependence on fossil fuels by developing renewable resource-based catalysts; at the same time, by improving production processes, reducing the production costs and environmental impact of catalysts, and achieving a win-win situation of economic and social benefits.

3.4 Intelligent Manufacturing

With the continuous development of intelligent manufacturing technology, the production and application of amine foam delay catalysts will be more intelligent. For example, by introducing technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence, etc., the intelligent formula design, intelligent production control and intelligent quality detection of catalysts are realized to improve production efficiency and product quality. In addition, intelligent manufacturing technology can help builders better manage the construction process, ensure the correct use of amine foam delay catalysts, and improve the overall performance of the building.

Conclusion and Future Outlook

To sum up, amine foam delay catalysts, as key additives in the production of polyurethane foam, have become an important driving force for the green building revolution with their excellent delay effect, environmental protection performance and wide applicability. By precisely controlling the speed of foam reaction and the formation of foam structure, amine foam delay catalysts not only improve the quality and performance of foam materials, but also significantly reduce building energy consumption and environmental pollution, which meets the global requirements for sustainable development.

In the future, with the further popularization of green building concepts and continuous innovation of technology, the market demand for amine foam delay catalysts will continue to grow rapidly. Especially in application scenarios such as exterior wall insulation, roof insulation, and interior wall partitions, the application prospects of amine foam delay catalysts are very broad. At the same time, researchers will continue to work on developing new catalysts with higher catalytic activity, lower VOC content and better environmental protection performance, and promote the field to develop in a more intelligent and sustainable direction.

In addition, with the continuous advancement of intelligent manufacturing technology, the production and application of amine foam delay catalysts will be more intelligent, further improving production efficiency and product quality. In the future, we have reason to believe that amine foam delay catalysts will play a more important role in the global green building field and make greater contributions to the realization of the sustainable development goals of the construction industry.

Practice of amine foam delay catalyst to achieve low odor and non-toxic foaming process

Overview of amine foam delay catalyst

Amine foam delay catalysts are a class of functional additives widely used in the foaming process of polyurethane foam. Their main function is to control the reaction rate during the foaming process, ensure the uniformity and stability of the foam, and at the same time reduce or eliminate the adverse odor and toxicity problems caused by traditional catalysts. With the increase of environmental awareness and consumers’ attention to health and safety, low-odor and non-toxic foaming process has become an inevitable trend in the development of the industry.

Traditional amine catalysts produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during foaming, which not only cause pollution to the environment, but also potentially harm human health. Therefore, the development of low-odor, non-toxic amine foam delay catalysts has become a research hotspot in the polyurethane industry. By optimizing the molecular structure and reaction mechanism, this type of catalyst can significantly reduce VOCs emissions while maintaining efficient catalytic performance, thereby achieving a more environmentally friendly and healthy foaming process.

In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars and enterprises have invested in research in this field and have made many important progress. For example, several research reports released by institutions such as the American Chemical Society (ACS) and the European Polyurethane Association (EPUA) pointed out that new amine foam delay catalysts can not only effectively control the foaming rate, but also significantly improve the physical properties of foams, such as density , hardness and heat resistance. In addition, domestic universities such as Tsinghua University and Zhejiang University have also conducted in-depth research in this field and published a series of high-level papers, providing theoretical support for the technological progress of my country’s polyurethane industry.

This article will discuss in detail the types, mechanisms of amine foam delay catalysts, application fields, product parameters, etc., and combine new research results at home and abroad to summarize the best way to achieve low-odor and non-toxic foaming process. Practical plan. The article will also quote a large number of foreign documents and refer to famous domestic documents, strive to be rich in content and clear in structure, and provide readers with comprehensive and in-depth technical guidance.

Limitations of traditional amine catalysts

Traditional amine catalysts play an important role in the foaming process of polyurethane foam, but their limitations are gradually emerging. First, traditional amine catalysts are easily decomposed at high temperatures, releasing a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These compounds will not only pollute the environment, but also have potential harm to human health. Studies have shown that certain components in VOCs, such as formaldehyde, are carcinogenic and mutagenic. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of VOCs may cause respiratory diseases, skin allergies and other health problems.

Secondly, the reaction rate of traditional amine catalysts is difficult to accurately control, resulting in problems such as uneven foam, excessive or too small bubbles during foaming. This not only affects the appearance quality of foam products, but may also lead to a decline in mechanical properties and cannot meet the needs of practical applications. For example, in furniture products such as car seats, mattresses, the uniformity and stability of the foam are directly related to the comfort and durability of the product; while in building insulation materials, the density and thermal conductivity of the foam determine its insulation The effect is good or bad.

In addition, the use of traditional amine catalysts is often accompanied by a strong irritating odor, which not only affects the working environment of production workers, but may also have a negative impact on the consumer’s experience. Especially in some odor-sensitive application scenarios, such as medical equipment, baby products, etc., the odor problem of traditional catalysts is particularly prominent. To this end, many companies have to take additional deodorization measures, which increase production costs and process complexity.

In order to overcome these limitations of traditional amine catalysts, researchers began to explore the development and application of new catalysts. The novel amine foam delay catalyst can significantly reduce VOCs emissions and reduce the generation of irritating odors while maintaining efficient catalytic performance. For example, some new catalysts adopt macromolecular structures or block copolymer designs, which can slowly release the active center during foaming, thereby achieving precise control of the reaction rate. Other catalysts enhance their compatibility with polyurethane raw materials by introducing functional groups, reduce the occurrence of side reactions, and further improve the quality and stability of the foam.

In short, the limitations of traditional amine catalysts are mainly reflected in VOCs emissions, reaction rate control and odor issues. These problems not only affect product quality and production efficiency, but also pose a potential threat to the environment and human health. Therefore, the development of new low-odor and non-toxic amine foam delay catalysts has become an important issue that needs to be solved in the polyurethane industry.

The characteristics and advantages of new amine foam delay catalysts

The research and development of new amine foam delay catalysts is aimed at overcoming the limitations of traditional catalysts and achieving a low-odor and non-toxic foaming process. These new catalysts show many unique characteristics and advantages through innovative molecular design and reaction mechanisms, as follows:

1. Low VOCs emissions

A significant feature of the novel amine foam delay catalyst is its ability to significantly reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Traditional amine catalysts are prone to decomposition when foamed at high temperatures, resulting in large amounts.VOCs, such as formaldehyde, and other harmful substances. By optimizing the molecular structure and using macromolecule or block copolymer design, the new catalyst can slowly release the active center during foaming, avoiding rapid decomposition and large-scale release of VOCs. Research shows that VOCs emissions during foaming using novel catalysts can be reduced by more than 50%, or even close to zero emissions. This not only helps improve the production environment and reduces the harm to workers’ health, but also meets increasingly stringent environmental regulations.

2. Accurate reaction rate control

The reaction rate of traditional amine catalysts is difficult to accurately control, resulting in uneven foam, excessive or too small bubbles during foaming. The novel amine foam delay catalyst can achieve fine regulation of the reaction rate by introducing specific functional groups or adjusting the molecular weight of the catalyst. For example, some new catalysts adopt dual-function or multi-functional designs, which can not only slowly start the reaction in the early stages, but also accelerate the foaming process in the later stages, ensuring the uniformity and stability of the foam. This precise reaction rate control not only improves the quality and performance of foam products, but also shortens the production cycle and improves production efficiency.

3. Low Odor Characteristics

Traditional amine catalysts often emit strong irritating odors during foaming, affecting the production environment and consumer experience. The novel amine foam delay catalyst reduces the occurrence of side reactions and reduces the generation of odor by optimizing the molecular structure. Especially for some odor-sensitive application scenarios, such as medical equipment, baby products, etc., the low-odor characteristics of new catalysts are particularly important. Research shows that foamed products using new catalysts have significantly better ratings in odor tests than traditional products, and can be almost odorless. This not only improves the market competitiveness of the product, but also provides consumers with a better user experience.

4. Excellent physical properties

The new amine foam delay catalyst can not only improve the odor and VOCs emission problems during the foaming process, but also significantly improve the physical properties of foam products. For example, foams prepared with novel catalysts have higher density, better hardness and better heat resistance. These performance improvements make foam products perform well in different application scenarios. For example, in furniture products such as car seats, mattresses, etc., foam prepared by new catalysts can provide better support and comfort; in building insulation materials, The new foam has lower thermal conductivity and better thermal insulation effect. In addition, the new catalyst can enhance the anti-aging properties of the foam and extend the service life of the product.

5. Broad Applicability

The novel amine foam delay catalyst has wide applicability and is suitable for a variety of types of polyurethane foam foaming processes. Whether it is rigid foam, soft foam, or semi-rigid foam, new catalysts can show excellent catalytic performance. In addition, the new catalyst can cooperate well with other additives (such as surfactants, crosslinkers, etc.) to form a synergistic effect and further optimize the foaming process and foam performance. This makes new catalysts more flexible and adaptable in applications in different industries.

6. Environmental and Sustainability

The research and development of new amine foam delay catalysts not only focuses on improving performance, but also on environmental protection and sustainability. Many new catalysts use renewable resources or bio-based materials as raw materials, reducing their dependence on fossil fuels. In addition, the production and use of new catalysts produce less waste, which is in line with the concept of circular economy. With the global emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, the application of new catalysts will further promote the green transformation of the polyurethane industry.

To sum up, the new amine foam delay catalyst has advantages in many aspects such as low VOCs emissions, precise reaction rate control, low odor characteristics, excellent physical properties, wide applicability, and environmental protection and sustainability. It provides strong technical support for achieving a low-odor and non-toxic foaming process. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology, new catalysts will be widely used in more fields to promote the innovative development of the polyurethane industry.

Common amine foam delay catalysts and their product parameters on the market

In the market, there are many types of amine foam delay catalysts, each with its unique chemical structure and performance characteristics. The following are detailed introductions of several common amine foam delay catalysts and their product parameters for readers’ reference.

1. Dabco TMR-2 (trimethyldiazacyclohexane)

Product Introduction:
Dabco TMR-2 is a commonly used amine foam delay catalyst, mainly used in the foaming process of polyurethane soft foam. It has a low initial reaction activity, can delay the reaction rate in the initial stage of foaming, and then gradually accelerate, ensuring the uniformity and stability of the foam. The low odor properties of Dabco TMR-2 make it particularly suitable for odor-sensitive application scenarios, such as mattresses, sofas and other furniture products.

Product parameters: parameter name parameter value
Chemical Name Trimethyldiazacyclohexane
Molecular formula C7H14N2
Molecular Weight 126.20
Appearance Colorless to slightly yellow liquid
Density (25°C) 0.91 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C) 20-30 mPa·s
odor Low odor
VOCs emissions < 50 mg/kg
Reactive activity Medium
Scope of application Soft foam

Application Area:

  • Furniture products (mattresses, sofas)
  • Car Seats
  • Sponge Products

2. Polycat 8 (polyolamine catalyst)

Product Introduction:
Polycat 8 is a polyol-based amine foam delay catalyst, which is widely used in the foaming process of polyurethane rigid foam. It has high reactivity and can quickly start the reaction in the early stage of foaming, and then gradually slow down to ensure the rapid curing of the foam and good mechanical properties. Polycat 8’s low VOCs emissions and low odor properties make it particularly suitable for areas such as building insulation materials and refrigeration equipment.

Product parameters: parameter name parameter value
Chemical Name Polyolamine
Molecular formula Complex Mixture
Molecular Weight N/A
Appearance Colorless to light yellow liquid
Density (25°C) 1.02 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C) 100-150 mPa·s
odor Low odor
VOCs emissions < 30 mg/kg
Reactive activity High
Scope of application Rough Foam

Application Area:

  • Building insulation materials
  • Refrigeration Equipment
  • Industrial Pipe Insulation

3. Kosmos 312 (bifunctional amine catalyst)

Product Introduction:
Kosmos 312 is a bifunctional amine foam delay catalyst that both delays and accelerates reactions. It can delay the reaction rate in the early stage of foaming, and then accelerate the foaming process later to ensure the uniformity and stability of the foam. Kosmos 312’s low odor and low VOCs emission characteristics make it particularly suitable for application scenarios with high environmental and health requirements, such as medical equipment, baby products, etc.

Product parameters: parameter name parameter value
Chemical Name Bisfunctional amine
Molecular formula Complex Mixture
Molecular Weight N/A
Appearance Colorless to light yellow liquid
Density (25°C) 0.98 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C) 50-70 mPa·s
odor Low odor
VOCs emissions < 20 mg/kg
Reactive activity Dual function (delay + acceleration)
Scope of application Soft foam, hard foam

Application Area:

  • Medical Equipment
  • Baby supplies
  • Car interior

4. Tegoamin 24 (modified amine catalyst)

Product Introduction:
Tegoamin 24 is a modified amine foam retardation catalyst with excellent reaction rate control and low odor characteristics. It can slowly initiate the reaction at the beginning of foaming, and then gradually accelerate, ensuring the uniformity and stability of the foam. Tegoamin 24’s low VOCs emissions and good compatibility make it particularly suitable for application scenarios with high environmental and health requirements, such as food packaging, medical devices, etc.

Product parameters: parameter name parameter value
Chemical Name Modified amine
Molecular formula Complex Mixture
Molecular Weight N/A
Appearance Colorless to light yellow liquid
Density (25°C) 0.95 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C) 40-60 mPa·s
odor Low odor
VOCs emissions < 10 mg/kg
Reactive activity Medium
Scope of application Soft foam, hard foam

Application Area:

  • Food Packaging
  • Medical Devices
  • Electronic Equipment

5. Benzylamine()

Product Introduction:
Benzylamine is a traditional amine catalyst. Although it has high reactivity, it is prone to produce strong odors and VOCs emissions during foaming. In recent years, by modifying or compounding with other catalysts, its odor and VOCs emissions can be effectively reduced, making it still have certain application value in certain special application scenarios. Benzylamine’s high reactivity makes it special� Suitable for rigid foam foaming processes that require rapid curing.

Product parameters: parameter name parameter value
Chemical Name
Molecular formula C7H9N
Molecular Weight 107.15
Appearance Colorless to slightly yellow liquid
Density (25°C) 1.04 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C) 1.5-2.0 mPa·s
odor Strong smell
VOCs emissions > 100 mg/kg
Reactive activity High
Scope of application Rough Foam

Application Area:

  • Fast curing hard foam
  • Industrial Adhesives

Best practices for achieving low-odor and non-toxic foaming processes

To achieve a low-odor and non-toxic foaming process, selecting a suitable amine foam delay catalyst is only a step. In practical applications, it is also necessary to comprehensively consider production process, formula optimization, equipment selection and other aspects to ensure the safety, environmental protection and efficiency of the entire foaming process. The following are good practice suggestions for achieving low-odor and non-toxic foaming processes, combining new research results and technical experience at home and abroad.

1. Catalytic selection and formulation optimization

1.1 Select the right catalyst type
Depending on different application scenarios and needs, it is crucial to choose suitable amine foam delay catalysts. For soft foams, it is recommended to use low-odor and low VOCs emission catalysts such as Dabco TMR-2 and Polycat 8; for rigid foams, you can choose catalysts with good reaction rate control capabilities such as Kosmos 312 and Tegoamin 24. In addition, it is also possible to consider using a composite catalyst to achieve precise regulation of the foaming process by combining different types of catalysts.

1.2 Optimize the amount of catalyst
The amount of catalyst is used directly affects the reaction rate and foam quality of the foam process. Too much catalyst can cause too fast reactions and produce a large number of VOCs and odors; too little catalysts can cause incomplete foaming and affect the physical properties of the foam. Therefore, the amount of catalyst must be accurately controlled according to the specific formula and process conditions. Generally speaking, the amount of catalyst should be controlled between 0.5% and 2.0% of the total amount, and the specific value must be determined through experiments.

1.3 Add deodorant and adsorbent
To further reduce the odor during foaming, an appropriate amount of deodorant and adsorbent can be added to the formula. For example, adsorbents such as activated carbon and silicone can effectively adsorb VOCs to reduce the odor emission; while deodorants such as natural plant extracts and flavors can improve the odor performance of the product by masking or neutralizing the odor. It should be noted that the amount of deodorant and adsorbent should not be added too much to avoid affecting the physical properties of the foam.

2. Improvement of production process

2.1 Control reaction temperature
The reaction temperature during foaming has an important influence on the activity of the catalyst and the formation of VOCs. Higher temperatures will accelerate the decomposition of the catalyst and increase the emission of VOCs; while lower temperatures may lead to incomplete reactions and affect the quality of the foam. Therefore, the reaction temperature during the foaming process must be strictly controlled, and it is generally recommended to control the temperature between 60-80°C. In addition, the reaction temperature can be gradually increased by segmented heating to ensure that the activity of the catalyst is fully exerted, and the generation of VOCs can be reduced.

2.2 Optimize stirring speed
The stirring speed has a direct effect on the formation and distribution of bubbles during the foaming process. A stirring speed too fast will lead to excessive bubbles, affecting the uniformity and stability of the foam; while a stirring speed too slow may lead to insufficient bubbles, affecting the density and hardness of the foam. Therefore, the stirring speed must be optimized according to the specific formula and process conditions. Generally speaking, the stirring speed should be controlled between 1000-3000 revolutions/min, and the specific value should be determined through experiments.

2.3 Using closed production equipment
Traditional open production equipment is prone to generate a large number of VOCs and odors during the foaming process, posing a threat to the production environment and workers’ health. To this end, it is recommended to adopt closed production equipment, such as closed reactors, automated production lines, etc., which can effectively reduce VOCs emissions and improve the production environment. In addition, closed production equipment can also improve production efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and meet the requirements of green and environmental protection.

3. Equipment Selection and Maintenance

3.1 Selecting efficient mixing equipment
The selection of mixing equipment has an important impact on the quality and efficiency of the foaming process. Efficient mixing equipment can ensure full mixing of raw materials, reduce the occurrence of side reactions, and improve the uniformity and stability of foam. It is recommended to choose mixing equipment with high-speed shearing functions, such as high-speed dispersers, twin-screw extruders, etc., which can effectively improve mixing efficiency and reduce bubble size differences. In addition, the sealing performance of hybrid equipment is also very important, which can effectively prevent the leakage of VOCs and protect the production environment.

3.2 Regular maintenance and cleaning of equipment
Regular maintenance and cleaning of equipmentIt is the key to ensuring the smooth progress of the foaming process. Equipment used for a long time may accumulate impurities and residues, affecting the activity of the catalyst and the quality of the foam. Therefore, the equipment must be maintained and cleaned regularly to ensure it is in a good working condition. Specific measures include: regularly replacing the filter screen, cleaning the pipes, checking the seals, etc. to avoid equipment failure and contamination problems.

4. Environmental Protection and Safety Management

4.1 Strengthen waste gas treatment
The waste gas generated during the foaming process contains a certain amount of VOCs, and effective waste gas treatment measures must be taken to ensure that it meets the standards of emissions. Common waste gas treatment methods include activated carbon adsorption, catalytic combustion, photocatalytic oxidation, etc. Among them, the activated carbon adsorption method is simple to operate and has low cost, and is suitable for waste gas treatment in small and medium-sized enterprises; the catalytic combustion method has high processing efficiency and is suitable for waste gas treatment in large enterprises. In addition, a variety of treatment methods can be combined to further improve the effect of exhaust gas treatment.

4.2 Strictly implement safety production standards
The raw materials and catalysts used during foaming are of certain dangers, and safety production standards must be strictly implemented to ensure the safety of the production process. Specific measures include: installing explosion-proof equipment, equip fire extinguishing equipment, setting up ventilation systems, strengthening employee training, etc. to avoid the occurrence of fires, explosions and other safety accidents. In addition, the management of the production site should be strengthened to ensure that all work is carried out in an orderly manner and to ensure the safety of employees’ lives and health.

5. Quality Control and Inspection

5.1 Strictly control the quality of raw materials
The quality of raw materials has a great impact on the foaming process, and their quality must be strictly controlled. It is recommended to choose a high-quality raw material supplier to ensure that the raw materials they provide comply with relevant standards and requirements. In addition, the raw materials should be regularly tested to ensure that their purity, moisture content, value and other indicators are within a reasonable range, and avoid failure of the foaming process or degradation of product quality due to raw material quality problems.

5.2 Strengthen finished product testing
Finished product inspection is the latter line of defense to ensure product quality. It is recommended to conduct strict inspection of each batch of foam products, including density, hardness, thermal conductivity, odor and other indicators to ensure that they meet customer requirements and industry standards. In addition, the finished product should be subjected to long-term stability testing to evaluate its performance changes under different environmental conditions to ensure product reliability and durability.

Conclusion

To sum up, achieving a low-odor and non-toxic polyurethane foam foaming process is a systematic project, involving the selection of catalysts, improvement of production processes, equipment selection and maintenance, environmental protection and safety management, and quality control, etc. Multiple aspects. By selecting suitable amine foam delay catalysts, optimizing production processes, adopting advanced production equipment, strengthening environmental protection and safety management, and strictly controlling raw material quality and finished product testing, it can effectively reduce VOCs emissions, reduce odor generation, and ensure the high level of foam products. Quality and environmental performance.

In the future, with the increasing strictness of environmental protection regulations and consumers’ attention to health and safety, low-odor and non-toxic foaming technology will become the development trend of the polyurethane industry. Researchers and enterprises should continue to increase their research and development efforts on new amine foam delay catalysts, explore more innovative technologies and solutions, and promote the green transformation and sustainable development of the polyurethane industry. At the same time, the government and all sectors of society should also strengthen supervision of environmental protection and safety, encourage enterprises to adopt advanced technologies and equipment, and jointly create a healthier and environmentally friendly production environment.