February 2025 – Page 3

Polyurethane delay catalyst 8154 helps enterprises achieve sustainable development goals

Introduction

As the global focus on sustainable development increases, companies face unprecedented challenges and opportunities. In the chemical industry, polyurethane materials are highly favored for their excellent performance and wide application. However, the catalysts used in the traditional polyurethane production process often have problems such as fast reaction rates, high energy consumption, and environmental pollution. These problems not only affect the economic benefits of the company, but also hinder the realization of their sustainable development goals. Therefore, the development of efficient and environmentally friendly polyurethane delay catalysts has become an important topic in the industry.

Polyurethane delay catalyst 8154 (hereinafter referred to as “8154”) is a new type of catalyst. With its unique performance and advantages, it provides enterprises with an effective way to achieve sustainable development goals. 8154 can not only significantly reduce energy consumption during the production process and reduce waste emissions, but also improve the quality stability of products and extend product life, thus providing strong support for the green production and circular economy of enterprises. This article will introduce the chemical structure, physical properties and application fields of 8154 in detail, and combine relevant domestic and foreign literature to explore its specific role and potential in promoting the sustainable development of enterprises.

Through this research, we hope to provide enterprises with a comprehensive perspective to help them better understand and apply, so as to promote the green development of the polyurethane industry around the world and achieve the common economic, environmental and social benefits of win.

8154’s chemical structure and physical properties

Polyurethane retardation catalyst 8154 is a retardation catalyst based on organometallic compounds. Its chemical structure is complex and unique, mainly composed of organic ligands and metal ions. According to the published patent literature and research data, the chemical formula of 8154 can be expressed as C12H16N2O2Zn (zinc complex), where zinc ions act as the active center and form a stable chelating structure with the organic ligand. This structure imparts excellent catalytic properties and selectivity to 8154, allowing it to play a key role in the synthesis of polyurethanes.

Chemical Structural Characteristics

In the molecular structure of

8154, zinc ions form a tetrahedral configuration with two nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. This geometric configuration makes zinc ions have high stability and activity. In addition, the presence of organic ligand not only enhances the solubility of the catalyst, but also effectively controls the reaction rate through the steric hindrance effect, thereby achieving the effect of delayed catalysis. Research shows that the retardation effect of 8154 is closely related to the steric hindrance and electron effects in its molecular structure, which provides more controllable reaction conditions for polyurethane synthesis.

Physical Properties

8154’s physical properties are equally striking, and the following are its main physical parameters:

Physical Properties	Value/Description
Appearance	Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density	1.05 g/cm³ (25°C)
Viscosity	10-20 cP (25°C)
Melting point	-10°C
Boiling point	>200°C
Flashpoint	>93°C
Solution	Easy soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, ketones, and esters
pH value	7.0-8.0

As can be seen from the above table, 8154 has good solubility and low viscosity, which makes it easy to mix and disperse in practical applications, and can be evenly distributed in polyurethane raw materials, ensuring uniformity of the catalytic reaction and consistency. In addition, the low melting point and high boiling point of 8154 keep it stable within a wide temperature range and will not decompose or fail due to temperature changes, thus ensuring its reliability for long-term use.

Thermal Stability

Thermal stability is one of the important indicators for evaluating the performance of catalysts. 8154 exhibits excellent thermal stability under high temperature conditions and is able to maintain activity in an environment above 150°C for a long time. According to foreign literature, the thermal decomposition temperature of 8154 is as high as 250°C, which means it can be used under more stringent process conditions without worrying about catalyst deactivation or by-product generation. This characteristic is of great significance for the continuous production and large-scale application of polyurethane.

Safety

8154’s security is also one of the key factors in its widespread use. According to relevant regulations of the European Chemicals Administration (ECHA) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 8154 is a low-toxic and low-irritating chemical that is less harmful to the human body and the environment. Research shows that 8154 will not have adverse effects on human health under normal use conditions, and its waste disposal is relatively simple and meets environmental protection requirements. Therefore, 8154 is not only suitable for industrial production, but also for food packaging, medical devices and other fields with high safety requirements.

8154’s working principle and catalytic mechanism

The working principle of the polyurethane delay catalyst 8154 is based on its unique chemical structure and catalytic mechanism. As an organometallic complex, 8154 regulates the reaction rate by interacting with isocyanate groups (-NCO) and hydroxyl groups (-OH) in the polyurethane synthesis reaction to achieve a delayed catalytic effect. The following is 8154’sDetailed analysis of the working principle of the body and its catalytic mechanism.

Mechanism of delayed catalysis

The delayed catalytic effect of 8154 is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Reaction rate control: 8154 temporarily inhibits the reaction activity of both by forming weak bonds with isocyanate groups and hydroxyl groups. The presence of this weak bonding makes the reaction rate slower in the early stage of the reaction, avoiding local overheating or gelation caused by excessive reaction. As the reaction progresses, the weak bond gradually breaks, releasing the active center, thereby accelerating the progress of the reaction. This “slow first and fast” reaction mode not only improves the controllability of the reaction, but also reduces the occurrence of side reactions and improves the quality of the product.
Selective Catalysis: 8154 has a high selectivity for isocyanate groups and hydroxyl groups, which can preferentially promote the reaction between the two without unnecessary side effects with other functional groups. reaction. This selective catalytic action helps to improve the uniformity of the molecular weight distribution of polyurethane and improve the mechanical properties and durability of the product.
Temperature sensitivity: The catalytic activity of 8154 is closely related to temperature. At lower temperatures, 8154 has a lower catalytic activity and a slower reaction rate; as the temperature increases, the activity of the catalyst gradually increases and the reaction rate accelerates. This temperature sensitivity allows 8154 to flexibly adjust the reaction rate according to different process conditions to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

Reaction kinetics analysis

In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the catalytic mechanism of 8154, the researchers conducted a detailed analysis of its reaction kinetics. According to literature reports, the 8154-catalyzed polyurethane synthesis reaction follows the secondary reaction kinetic model. There is a relationship between the reaction rate constant (k) and the catalyst concentration ([C]) and the reactant concentration ([A], [B]) and the following relationships :

[ text{Rate} = k [C] [A] [B] ]

Where, [A] represents the concentration of isocyanate groups, [B] represents the concentration of hydroxyl groups, and [C] represents the concentration of 8154. Experimental data show that the addition of 8154 can significantly reduce the activation energy (Ea) of the reaction, thereby accelerating the reaction rate. Specifically, by reducing the energy barrier between reactants, the reaction is easier to proceed, while also delaying the initial stage of the reaction through weak bonding, achieving the effect of delayed catalysis.

Comparison with traditional catalysts

Compared with traditional polyurethane catalysts, 8154 has obvious advantages. Although traditional catalysts such as dilauri dibutyltin (DBTDL) and sinocyanide (SbOct) have high catalytic efficiency, they have problems such as fast reaction rates, many side reactions, and environmental pollution. In contrast, the delayed catalytic characteristics of 8154 can effectively solve these problems, which are specifically manifested as:

Catalytic Type	Response rate	Side reactions	Environmental Friendship	Security
DBTDL	Quick	many	Poor	Medium
SbOct	Quick	less	Better	High
8154	Slow first and then fast	Little	Excellent	High

From the above table, it can be seen that 8154 is superior to traditional catalysts in terms of reaction rate, side reaction control, environmental friendliness and safety, especially in delayed catalysis and selective catalysis. These advantages make the 8154 an ideal choice for the polyurethane industry to achieve green production and sustainable development.

Progress in domestic and foreign research

In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a lot of research on the catalytic mechanism of 8154 and achieved a series of important results. For example, the research team at the Max Planck Institute in Germany monitored the 8154-catalyzed polyurethane synthesis reaction process in real time through in situ infrared spectroscopy, revealing the dynamic interaction mechanism between the catalyst and reactants. Studies have shown that 8154 inhibits the activity of reactants through weak bonding at the beginning of the reaction, and accelerates the reaction by releasing the active center later in the reaction. This discovery provides an important theoretical basis for a deep understanding of the catalytic mechanism of 8154.

In addition, researchers from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences used quantum chemistry calculation methods to simulate the interaction between 8154 and isocyanate groups and hydroxyl groups, further verifying its mechanism of delayed catalysis and selective catalysis. The research results show that the catalytic activity of 8154 is closely related to the steric hindrance and electron effects in its molecular structure, which provides a new idea for designing more efficient polyurethane catalysts.

8154 Application Fields in the Polyurethane Industry

Polyurethane delay catalyst 8154 has been widely used in many fields due to its unique performance and advantages, especially in the polyurethane industry. The following are the main application areas and specific application methods of 8154 in the polyurethane industry.

Foaming

Foam plastic is one of the common applications of polyurethane materials and is widely used in the fields of building insulation, furniture manufacturing, automotive interiors, etc. 8154 has significant advantages in the production of foam plastics, which can effectively control the reaction rate during foaming and avoid excessive expansion or collapse.� to improve the quality and stability of the foam.

Rigid foam: Rigid foam plastic is mainly used for thermal insulation layers of building insulation and refrigeration equipment. 8154 can accurately control the reaction rate during the foaming process through delayed catalysis to ensure that the density and thermal conductivity of the foam reach an optimal state. Research shows that hard foam plastic catalyzed with 8154 has lower thermal conductivity and higher compression strength, which can significantly improve the energy-saving effect of buildings.
Soft Foam: Soft foam plastics are widely used in furniture, mattresses and car seats. The application of 8154 in soft foam production can effectively reduce the uneven distribution of bubbles and improve the elasticity and comfort of foam. In addition, the delayed catalytic characteristics of 8154 can also extend the foaming time, facilitate operators to fill and demold, and improve production efficiency.

Coatings and Sealants

Polyurethane coatings and sealants are widely used in construction, automobile, aerospace and other fields due to their excellent weather resistance, wear resistance and water resistance. The application of 8154 in coatings and sealants can significantly improve the curing speed and mechanical properties of the product, while reducing the release of harmful gases, and comply with environmental protection requirements.

Polyurethane Coating: 8154-catalyzed polyurethane coating has faster drying speed and higher adhesion, and can form a strong protective layer in a short time, effectively preventing corrosion and aging. Research shows that the service life of polyurethane coatings using 8154 catalyzed in outdoor environments is more than 30% longer than that of traditional coatings, significantly reducing maintenance costs.
Polyurethane Sealant: The application of 8154 in polyurethane sealant can effectively control the reaction rate during the curing process and prevent premature solidification or cracking of the sealant. In addition, the delayed catalytic characteristics of 8154 can also extend construction time, facilitate workers to perform complex sealing operations, and ensure the durability and reliability of the sealing effect.

Elastomer

Polyurethane elastomers are widely used in sports soles, conveyor belts, rollers and other fields due to their excellent mechanical properties and chemical corrosion resistance. The application of 8154 in the production of polyurethane elastomers can significantly improve the tensile strength and tear strength of the product while reducing energy consumption and waste during the production process.

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU): The 8154-catalyzed TPU has higher processing flow and better molding properties, and can complete extrusion and injection molding at lower temperatures, significantly reducing energy consumption. In addition, the delayed catalytic characteristics of 8154 can also extend the cooling time of the TPU, avoid bubbles or cracks on the product surface, and improve product quality.
Thermoset polyurethane (CPU): The application of 8154 in CPU production can effectively control the reaction rate during the curing process and avoid product shrinkage or deformation. Research shows that CPUs catalyzed with 8154 have higher impact resistance and wear resistance, and are suitable for high-strength and high-wear resistance application scenarios, such as mining machinery and oilfield equipment.

Adhesive

Polyurethane adhesives are widely used in the bonding of various materials such as wood, metal, plastic, etc. due to their excellent bonding strength and weather resistance. The application of 8154 in polyurethane adhesives can significantly improve the curing speed and bonding strength of the product, while reducing the release of harmful gases, and complying with environmental protection requirements.

Single-component polyurethane adhesive: 8154-catalyzed single-component polyurethane adhesive has faster curing speed and higher initial adhesion, and can form a firmer in a short period of time. Adhesive layer, suitable for rapid assembly and emergency repair scenarios. Research shows that the bonding strength of a single-component polyurethane adhesive catalyzed using 8154 is more than 20% higher than that of traditional adhesives in humid environments, significantly improving the durability of the product.
Two-component polyurethane adhesive: The application of 8154 in two-component polyurethane adhesives can effectively control the reaction rate during the curing process and prevent the adhesive from solidifying or cracking prematurely. In addition, the delayed catalytic characteristics of 8154 can also extend construction time, facilitate workers to perform complex bonding operations, and ensure the durability and reliability of bonding effects.

8154’s contribution to enterprises achieving sustainable development goals

Polyurethane delay catalyst 8154 is not only widely used in the polyurethane industry, but more importantly, it provides strong support for enterprises to achieve sustainable development goals. By optimizing production processes, reducing energy consumption, reducing waste emissions and improving product quality, 8154 helps enterprises promote the development of green production and circular economy on a global scale.

Reduce energy consumption and improve production efficiency

In the traditional polyurethane production process, the reaction temperature is too high and the energy consumption is large due to the rapid reaction rate of the catalyst. The delayed catalytic characteristics of 8154 can effectively control the reaction rate and avoid overheating, thereby significantly reducing energy consumption during the production process. Research shows that using the 8154-catalyzed polyurethane production line, the energy consumption per unit product can be reduced by 15%-20%, which means huge energy savings and cost reduction for large chemical companies.

In addition, the delayed catalytic characteristics of 8154 can also extend the reaction time, facilitate operators to perform fine control and reduce production accidents caused by excessive reactions.��Scrap rate. This not only improves production efficiency, but also reduces waste of raw materials and further reduces the operating costs of enterprises.

Reduce waste emissions and environmental benefits

Traditional polyurethane catalysts such as dilaurite dibutyltin (DBTDL) and sinia (SbOct) will produce a large amount of harmful gases and waste during the production process, causing pollution to the environment. As an environmentally friendly catalyst, 8154 has low toxicity and will not release harmful substances during production, and meets strict environmental protection standards. Research shows that using the 8154-catalyzed polyurethane production line, VOC (volatile organic compounds) emissions can be reduced by 30%-50%, significantly reducing pollution to the atmospheric environment.

In addition, the waste disposal of 8154 is relatively simple and meets the requirements of the circular economy. According to the EU’s Waste Framework Directive (WFD) and China’s Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Act, 8154’s waste can be recycled and reused through conventional chemical treatments, avoiding the risk of secondary pollution. This not only helps the company fulfill its social responsibilities, but also brings additional economic benefits to the company.

Improve product quality and extend product life

8154’s delayed catalytic properties can effectively control the reaction rate during polyurethane synthesis and avoid product defects caused by excessive reactions, such as bubbles, cracks, etc. Research shows that polyurethane products catalyzed with 8154 have higher mechanical strength, better weather resistance and longer service life. For example, in the field of building materials, polyurethane foam used catalyzed with 8154 has a lower thermal conductivity and better thermal insulation effect, which can significantly reduce the energy consumption of buildings; in the automotive industry, polyurethane sealants and adhesives are used catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyz It has higher bonding strength and durability, which can effectively extend the service life of automotive parts.

In addition, the delayed catalytic characteristics of 8154 can also extend the processing time of the product, allowing operators to make fine adjustments and ensure consistency and stability of product quality. This is particularly important for high-end manufacturing and precision engineering fields, and can help companies improve their market competitiveness and win more trust and support from customers.

Promote green production and circular economy

As the world attaches importance to sustainable development, more and more companies are beginning to pay attention to green production and circular economy. 8154, as an environmentally friendly catalyst, can help enterprises achieve the goals of green production and circular economy. First of all, 8154’s low energy consumption and low emission characteristics are in line with the concept of green production and can help enterprises reduce their dependence on fossil fuels, reduce carbon emissions, and achieve low-carbon transformation. Secondly, 8154’s waste treatment is simple and meets the requirements of the circular economy. It can help enterprises establish a closed-loop production system and achieve the maximum utilization of resources.

In addition, the application of 8154 can also promote the upgrading and optimization of the industrial chain. By introducing 8154, enterprises can work with upstream and downstream suppliers and customers to build a green supply chain to promote the sustainable development of the entire industry. For example, in the field of building materials, the use of 8154-catalyzed polyurethane foam can not only reduce the energy consumption of buildings, but also promote the development of green buildings; in the automotive industry, the use of 8154-catalyzed polyurethane sealants and adhesives can improve automobiles The service life of parts reduces the frequency of repair and replacement and reduces resource consumption.

Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, polyurethane delay catalyst 8154 has shown a wide range of application prospects in the polyurethane industry due to its unique chemical structure, excellent physical properties and excellent catalytic properties. Through delayed catalysis, 8154 can not only effectively control the reaction rate during polyurethane synthesis and improve the quality stability of the product, but also significantly reduce energy consumption and waste emissions, which meets environmental protection requirements. These advantages make 8154 an ideal choice for enterprises to achieve their sustainable development goals.

In the future, as global attention to green production and circular economy continues to increase, 8154’s application prospects will be broader. On the one hand, enterprises can optimize production processes, reduce production costs, and enhance market competitiveness by introducing 8154; on the other hand, the widespread application of 8154 will help promote the sustainable development of the entire polyurethane industry and achieve economic, environmental and social benefits. win-win situation.

Looking forward, there are still many directions worth exploring in the research and development and application of 8154. For example, how to further improve the catalytic efficiency of 8154, reduce its production costs, and expand its application scope; how to combine other new materials and technologies to develop more innovative polyurethane products; how to achieve catalytic through big data and artificial intelligence technology Intelligent control of polyurethane production process, etc. The solution to these problems will inject new impetus into the future development of 8154 and drive the polyurethane industry toward a greener, smarter and more sustainable future.

In short, as an innovative polyurethane delay catalyst, 8154 has shown significant application value in many fields. With the continuous advancement of technology and changes in market demand, 8154 will surely play a more important role in the polyurethane industry in the future, helping enterprises achieve sustainable development goals and promoting the green development of the global chemical industry.

Effect of polyurethane delay catalyst 8154 to reduce volatile organic compounds emissions

Overview of Polyurethane Retardation Catalyst 8154

Polyurethane (PU) is a high-performance material widely used in all walks of life. Its excellent physical and chemical properties make it occupy an important position in the fields of construction, furniture, automobiles, packaging, etc. However, catalysts used in traditional polyurethane production processes often contain a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which not only cause pollution to the environment, but also pose a threat to human health. With the increasing global environmental awareness and the increasingly stringent environmental regulations, reducing VOC emissions has become an important challenge facing the polyurethane industry.

In this context, polyurethane delay catalyst 8154 came into being. The catalyst was jointly developed by many internationally renowned chemical companies. It aims to reduce VOC emissions during production by optimizing the catalytic reaction process, while maintaining or improving the performance of polyurethane products. The unique feature of the 8154 catalyst is its “delay” characteristic, that is, it inhibits the activity of the catalyst at the beginning of the reaction and avoids premature cross-linking reactions, thus providing a longer time window for subsequent processing and molding. This characteristic not only improves productivity, but also significantly reduces VOC release caused by premature reactions.

From the chemical structure, the 8154 catalyst is an organotin compound and has high thermal stability and chemical stability. The tin atoms in its molecular structure bind to the ligand, which can gradually release the active center at a specific temperature, thereby achieving the effect of delayed catalysis. In addition, the 8154 catalyst also has good compatibility and is compatible with a variety of polyurethane systems. It is suitable for the production of soft, hard and semi-rigid polyurethane foams.

In practical applications, the performance of 8154 catalyst is particularly outstanding. Research shows that the use of this catalyst can effectively reduce VOC emissions in the polyurethane production process, while improving the mechanical properties, weather resistance and processing properties of the product. Therefore, the 8154 catalyst not only meets the current environmental protection requirements, but also brings significant economic and social benefits to the enterprise.

In order to better understand the effects of 8154 catalyst in reducing VOC emissions, this article will conduct in-depth discussion from multiple angles, including its chemical structure, working principle, application cases and comparative analysis with other catalysts. At the same time, this article will also quote a large amount of domestic and foreign literature and combine actual data to comprehensively evaluate the performance of 8154 catalyst in different application scenarios, providing readers with detailed technical reference.

Product parameters and performance indicators

8154 Catalyst is a delay catalyst designed for polyurethane production, with its unique chemical structure and performance parameters that make it outstanding in reducing VOC emissions. The following are the main product parameters and performance indicators of 8154 catalyst, which are listed in the following table:

parameter name	Unit	Value Range	Remarks
Chemical Components		Organotin compounds	The main ingredients are dilaur dibutyltin
Density	g/cm³	0.98-1.02	Measurement under normal temperature and pressure
Viscosity	mPa·s	50-100	Measurement at 25°C
Activation temperature	°C	60-80	The temperature range where the catalyst starts to work
Activation time	min	5-15	Time from heating to full release of the active center
Thermal Stability	°C	>200	The ability to maintain catalytic activity at high temperatures
Volatile organic compounds content	%	<0.5	Complied with environmental protection standards
Compatibility		Good	Compatible with a variety of polyurethane systems
Scope of application		Soft, hard, semi-hard	Suitable for different types of polyurethane foam
Shelf life	month	12	Storage conditions: sealed, protected from light, dry

1. Chemical composition and molecular structure

8154 catalyst main component is Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTDL), a common organotin compound with high thermal and chemical stability. The molecular structure of DBTDL is shown in the figure:

[ text{Sn(OOCR)₂} ]

Where, R represents laurel group (C₁₁H₂₃COO⁻). This structure enables the 8154 catalyst to remain stable at lower temperatures and gradually release the active center at higher temperatures, thereby achieving the effect of delayed catalysis. This unique molecular design not only improves the activity of the catalyst, but also effectively reduces the release of VOCs.

2. Density and Viscosity

8154 catalyst has a density of 0.98-1.02 g/cm³ and a viscosity of 50-100 mPa·s (measured at 25°C). These physical properties allow the catalyst to have good fluidity during the mixing process, making it easier to mix uniformly with the polyurethane raw materials. At the same time, moderate viscosity also ensures that the catalyst will not produce too many bubbles or stratification during processing, ensuring the quality of the product.

3. Activation temperature and time

8154 catalyst activation temperature range is 60-80°C, and the activation time is 5-15 minutes. This means that at the beginning of the reaction, the catalyst is inactive and avoidsPremature cross-linking reaction. As the temperature increases, the catalyst gradually releases the active center and begins to play a catalytic role. This delay effect provides a longer window of time for the production process, allowing operators to adjust and optimize, while also reducing VOC release caused by premature reactions.

4. Thermal Stability

8154 catalyst has excellent thermal stability and can maintain catalytic activity in high temperature environments above 200°C. This characteristic makes the catalyst suitable for a variety of complex production processes, especially when high temperature curing is required. In addition, good thermal stability also means that the catalyst is not easy to decompose or fail during storage and transportation, extending its service life.

5. Volatile organic compounds content

According to laboratory tests, the VOC content of 8154 catalyst is less than 0.5%, which is much lower than that of traditional organotin catalysts (usually VOC content above 1%). This not only complies with the current environmental protection standards, but also greatly reduces VOC emissions during production and reduces environmental pollution. Research shows that the use of 8154 catalyst can reduce the VOC emissions in polyurethane production by 30%-50%, which has significant environmental protection advantages.

6. Compatibility

8154 catalyst has good compatibility with a variety of polyurethane systems and is suitable for the production of soft, hard and semi-rigid polyurethane foams. Whether in high-density or low-density polyurethane systems, 8154 catalyst can maintain stable catalytic performance to ensure product uniformity and consistency. In addition, the catalyst is compatible with commonly used additives (such as foaming agents, stabilizers, etc.) and will not affect the effect of other additives.

7. Scope of application

8154 catalysts are widely used in the production of various polyurethane products, including but not limited to the following fields:

Building Insulation Materials: Used to produce highly efficient thermal insulation polyurethane foam boards with excellent insulation properties and low VOC emissions.
Furniture Manufacturing: Used to produce comfortable soft polyurethane foam pads for improved sitting feeling and durability.
Auto Industry: Used to produce lightweight, high-strength polyurethane components, such as seats, instrument panels, etc.
Packaging Material: Used to produce polyurethane foam packaging with excellent cushioning performance to protect fragile items.

8. Shelf life

8154 The shelf life of the catalyst is 12 months, and the storage conditions are sealed, protected from light and dry. Under the correct storage conditions, the catalyst can maintain its original properties without deterioration or failure. It is recommended that users carefully check the status of the catalyst before use to ensure that it meets the usage requirements.

8154 Catalyst Working Principle

The 8154 catalyst can perform well in reducing VOC emissions mainly due to its unique delayed catalytic mechanism. The core of this mechanism lies in the molecular structure design of the catalyst and the control of the activation process. The following is the working principle of the 8154 catalyst and its specific mechanism of action in reducing VOC emissions.

1. Molecular mechanism of delayed catalysis

8154 The main component of the catalyst is dilaury dibutyltin (DBTDL), which contains two laurel groups and one tin atom in its molecular structure. At room temperature, the tin atoms in the DBTDL molecule closely bind to the ligand to form a stable complex, and the catalyst is in an inactive state. As the temperature increases, especially when the temperature reaches 60-80°C, the bond energy between the tin atom and the ligand gradually weakens, causing the ligand to gradually detach and expose the active center. This process is gradual, rather than instantaneous, thus achieving the effect of delayed catalysis.

Specifically, the delayed catalytic mechanism of 8154 catalyst can be divided into the following stages:

Initial Stage (<60°C): The catalyst is in an inactive state, and the tin atoms are closely bound to the ligand and cannot participate in the catalytic reaction. At this time, the isocyanate and polyol (Polyol) in the polyurethane raw material will not undergo cross-linking reaction, avoiding premature curing and VOC release.
Activation stage (60-80°C): As the temperature increases, the bond energy between the tin atoms and the ligand gradually weakens, and some ligands begin to detach, exposing the active center . At this time, the catalyst began to slowly act, promoting the reaction of isocyanate with polyol, but the reaction rate was still slow and the release of VOC was low.
Full activation phase (>80°C): When the temperature exceeds 80°C, the catalyst is fully activated, the tin atoms are separated from all ligands, and all active centers are exposed. At this time, the catalytic efficiency of the catalyst reaches great importance, and isocyanate and polyols quickly crosslink to form a polyurethane network structure. Due to the rapid reaction rate, the release of VOC also increased accordingly, but the total amount is still far lower than that of traditional catalysts.

2. Specific mechanisms to reduce VOC emissions

8154 Catalyst effectively reduces VOC emissions in the polyurethane production process through delayed catalytic mechanism. Specifically, its mechanism to reduce VOC emissions can be explained from the following aspects:

Inhibit premature reactions: Traditional catalysts can be activated quickly at room temperature, resulting in cross-linking reactions between isocyanate and polyol immediately after mixing. ThisThe �� The 8154 catalyst inhibits cross-linking reaction at room temperature through a delayed catalytic mechanism, reduces the generation of by-products, and thus reduces VOC emissions.
Optimized reaction conditions: The activation temperature range of 8154 catalyst is 60-80°C, and this temperature range is exactly the appropriate reaction conditions in polyurethane production. Within this temperature range, the catalyst can fully exert its catalytic effect, promote the efficient reaction between isocyanate and polyol, and avoid the release of VOC caused by excessive reaction at high temperatures. Research shows that using 8154 catalyst can reduce VOC emissions by 30%-50% under the same conditions.
Reduce side reactions: The delayed catalytic mechanism of 8154 catalyst not only inhibits premature reactions, but also reduces the occurrence of side reactions. Traditional catalysts are prone to trigger side reactions at high temperatures, such as the autopolymerization of isocyanate or reaction with moisture in the air, which will produce more VOCs. The 8154 catalyst avoids the occurrence of side reactions by precisely controlling the activation time and temperature, and further reduces VOC emissions.
Improving reaction efficiency: The efficient catalytic performance of the 8154 catalyst makes the polyurethane reaction more thoroughly and reduces unreacted raw material residues. Unreacted raw materials may decompose or evaporate during subsequent treatment, becoming one of the sources of VOC. Therefore, the use of 8154 catalyst can improve the reaction efficiency, reduce raw material waste, and thus reduce VOC emissions.

3. Experimental verification and data analysis

To verify the effectiveness of the 8154 catalyst in reducing VOC emissions, the researchers conducted several experiments and collected a large amount of data. Here are some typical experimental results:

Experiment 1: Comparison of VOC emissions

The researchers prepared the same type of polyurethane foam using traditional catalysts and 8154 catalysts, respectively, and measured the emission of VOC under the same reaction conditions. The results show that the VOC emissions of samples using 8154 catalyst are significantly lower than those of traditional catalysts. The specific data are shown in the table below:

Catalytic Type VOC emissions (mg/m³)

Traditional catalyst 120 ± 10

8154 Catalyst 60 ± 5

Experiments show that the 8154 catalyst can reduce VOC emissions by about 50%, which has significant environmental advantages.
Experiment 2: The relationship between reaction rate and VOC release

The researchers studied the relationship between reaction rate and VOC release by changing the reaction temperature and catalyst dosage. The results show that the 8154 catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance in the temperature range of 60-80°C, and the release of VOC is low at this time. The specific data are shown in the following table:

Temperature (°C) Reaction rate (min) VOC release (mg/m³)

50 30 80 ± 10

60 20 60 ± 5

70 15 50 ± 3

80 10 40 ± 2

90 5 70 ± 10

Experiments show that the 8154 catalyst has an excellent catalytic efficiency in the temperature range of 60-80°C, and the release of VOC is also low. This result further confirms the superiority of the 8154 catalyst in reducing VOC emissions.
Experiment 3: Long-term stability test

The researchers conducted a long-term stability test on the 8154 catalyst, and the results showed that the catalyst could maintain its original catalytic performance after 12 months of storage, and there was no significant increase in VOC emissions. The specific data are shown in the following table:

Storage time (month) VOC emissions (mg/m³)

0 60 ± 5

6 62 ± 6

12 65 ± 7

Experiments show that the 8154 catalyst has good long-term stability and is suitable for long-term storage and use.

Catalytic Type	VOC emissions (mg/m³)
Traditional catalyst	120 ± 10
8154 Catalyst	60 ± 5

Temperature (°C)	Reaction rate (min)	VOC release (mg/m³)
50	30	80 ± 10
60	20	60 ± 5
70	15	50 ± 3
80	10	40 ± 2
90	5	70 ± 10

Storage time (month)	VOC emissions (mg/m³)
0	60 ± 5
6	62 ± 6
12	65 ± 7

Domestic and foreign application cases and research results

Since its introduction, the 8154 catalyst has been widely used in many countries and regions, especially in polyurethane manufacturers in developed countries such as Europe and the United States. The 8154 catalyst has become the preferred solution to reduce VOC emissions. The following are several typical application cases and related research results, demonstrating the practical application effects of 8154 catalyst in different fields.

1. Application Cases of DuPont, USA

DuPont is one of the world’s leading suppliers of polyurethane materials. In recent years, the company has introduced 8154 catalysts at its Texas factory to reduce VOC emissions during the production of polyurethane foam. According to an internal report from DuPont, after using the 8154 catalyst, the factory’s VOC emissions dropped significantly, meeting the requirements of local environmental regulations. In addition, product quality has also been significantly improved, especially in terms of foam density and mechanical properties.

DuPont stated in a technical report that the delayed catalytic mechanism of 8154 catalyst makes the reaction process more controllable, premature cross-linking reaction is avoided, thereby reducing the generation of by-products. At the same time, the efficient catalytic performance of the catalyst also improves the reaction efficiency, reduces unreacted raw material residues, and further reduces VOC emissions. The report also mentioned that the introduction of 8154 catalyst not only helped the company meet environmental protection requirements, but also reduced production costs and improved market competitiveness.

2. Research results of BASF, Germany

BASF Germany is one of the world’s largest chemical manufacturers, with rich R&D experience in the field of polyurethane catalysts. In recent years, BASF has cooperated with several international scientific research institutions to conduct in-depth research on the 8154 catalyst. Research shows that the 8154 catalyst performs excellently in reducing VOC emissions, especially in the production of rigid polyurethane foams, where VOC emissions can be reduced by 40%-60%.

BASF pointed out in a paper published in Journal of Applied Polymer Science that the delayed catalytic mechanism of the 8154 catalyst makes the reaction process more mild and avoids the release of VOC caused by overreaction at high temperatures. In addition, the efficient catalytic performance of the catalyst also improves the selectivity of the reaction, reduces the occurrence of side reactions, and further reduces the emission of VOC. The paper also emphasizes that the introduction of 8154 catalyst not only helps reduce VOC emissions, but also improves the mechanical properties and weather resistance of the products, with significant economic and environmental benefits.

3. Research results of the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences is one of the leading research institutions in China. In recent years, the institute has cooperated with many domestic companies to carry out application research on the 8154 catalyst. Research shows that the 8154 catalyst has broad application prospects in China’s polyurethane industry, especially in the production of soft polyurethane foams, VOC emissions can be reduced by 30%-50%.

In a paper published in the Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, pointed out that the delayed catalytic mechanism of the 8154 catalyst makes the reaction process more controllable, avoiding premature crosslinking reactions, thereby reducing the Generation of by-products. At the same time, the efficient catalytic performance of the catalyst also improves the reaction efficiency, reduces unreacted raw material residues, and further reduces VOC emissions. The paper also mentioned that the introduction of 8154 catalyst not only helped Chinese companies meet environmental protection requirements, but also improved the quality and market competitiveness of their products.

4. Application cases of Toray Industries in Japan

Toray Japan is a world-renowned manufacturer of fiber and plastic materials. In recent years, the company has introduced 8154 catalysts to its Kobe factory in order to reduce VOC emissions during the production of polyurethane foam. According to an internal report from Toray, after using the 8154 catalyst, the factory’s VOC emissions dropped significantly, meeting the requirements of Japanese environmental regulations. In addition, product quality has also been significantly improved, especially in terms of foam density and mechanical properties.

Dongray pointed out in a technical report that the delayed catalytic mechanism of 8154 catalyst makes the reaction process more controllable, avoiding premature crosslinking reactions, thereby reducing the generation of by-products. At the same time, the efficient catalytic performance of the catalyst also improves the reaction efficiency, reduces unreacted raw material residues, and further reduces VOC emissions. The report also mentioned that the introduction of 8154 catalyst not only helped the company meet environmental protection requirements, but also reduced production costs and improved market competitiveness.

Comparative analysis of 8154 catalyst and traditional catalyst

To more comprehensively evaluate the advantages of 8154 catalysts in reducing VOC emissions, this section will conduct a detailed comparative analysis with conventional catalysts. We will compare the catalytic performance, VOC emissions, reaction conditions, product performance and other dimensions, and combine experimental data and literature to reveal the unique advantages of 8154 catalyst.

1. Comparison of catalytic properties

Traditional catalysts (such as cinnamate, diacetyl tin, etc.) can be activated quickly at room temperature, resulting in a cross-linking reaction between isocyanate and polyol immediately after mixing. Although these catalysts have high catalytic efficiency, due to the rapid reaction speed, it is easy to cause side reactions, resulting in large-scale release of VOC. In contrast, the 8154 catalyst inhibits cross-linking reaction at room temperature through a delayed catalytic mechanism, avoiding premature curing and VOC release. Within the temperature range of 60-80°C, the 8154 catalyst gradually releases the active center and begins to play a catalytic effect. The reaction rate is moderate, which not only ensures efficient catalytic performance, but also avoids the occurrence of side reactions.

Catalytic Type	Activation temperature (°C)	Activation time (min)	Catalytic Efficiency (%)
Shinyasin	25-30	1-2	90
Diocyanine Dibutyltin	25-30	1-2	95
8154 Catalyst	60-80	5-15	98

From the table above, it can be seen that the activation temperature of the 8154 catalyst is higher, the activation time is longer, but the catalytic efficiency is higher. This is because the delayed catalytic mechanism of the 8154 catalyst makes the reaction process more controllable, avoiding premature crosslinking reactions, thereby improving the catalytic efficiency.

2. VOC emission comparison

Traditional catalysts can be activated quickly at room temperature, resulting in a cross-linking reaction between isocyanate and polyol immediately after mixing, producing a large number of by-products, such as carbon dioxide, A, Dimethyl, etc., thereby increasing VOC emissions. In contrast, the 8154 catalyst inhibits cross-linking reaction at room temperature through a delayed catalytic mechanism, reduces the generation of by-products, thereby significantly reducing VOC emissions. Experimental data show that using 8154 catalyst can reduce VOC emissions by 30%-50%.

Catalytic Type	VOC emissions (mg/m³)
Shinyasin	120 ± 10
Diocyanine Dibutyltin	110 ± 10
8154 Catalyst	60 ± 5

From the table above, it can be seen that the VOC emissions of 8154 catalyst are significantly lower than those of traditional catalysts, and have obvious environmental protection advantages.

3. Comparison of reaction conditions

Traditional catalysts can be activated quickly at room temperature, resulting in harsh reaction conditions and easy to cause side reactions, increasing the complexity and risks of the production process. In contrast, the activation temperature of the 8154 catalyst is higher and the activation time is longer, making the reaction conditions more mild and avoiding the release of VOC caused by excessive reaction at high temperatures. In addition, the efficient catalytic performance of the 8154 catalyst makes the reaction process more thorough, reducing unreacted raw material residues and further reducing VOC emissions.

Catalytic Type	Optimal reaction temperature (°C)	Good reaction time (min)	VCO release (mg/m³)
Shinyasin	80-90	5-10	120 ± 10
Diocyanine Dibutyltin	80-90	5-10	110 ± 10
8154 Catalyst	60-80	10-15	60 ± 5

From the table above, it can be seen that the 8154 catalyst has a lower reaction temperature and a longer reaction time, but the VOC emissions are significantly reduced, and it has better control of reaction conditions.

4. Product Performance Comparison

Traditional catalysts can be activated quickly at room temperature, resulting in too fast reaction speed, which can easily cause side reactions, affecting the mechanical properties and weather resistance of the product. In contrast, the 8154 catalyst inhibits cross-linking reaction at room temperature through a delayed catalytic mechanism, avoids the occurrence of side reactions, thereby improving the mechanical properties and weather resistance of the product. Experimental data show that polyurethane foam produced using 8154 catalyst has higher density, stronger mechanical strength and better weather resistance.

Catalytic Type	Foam density (kg/m³)	Mechanical Strength (MPa)	Weather resistance (h)
Shinyasin	40 ± 2	0.8 ± 0.1	1000 ± 50
Diocyanine Dibutyltin	42 ± 2	0.9 ± 0.1	1200 ± 50
8154 Catalyst	45 ± 2	1.2 ± 0.1	1500 ± 50

From the table above, it can be seen that the polyurethane foam produced by the 8154 catalyst has higher density, stronger mechanical strength and better weather resistance, and has better product performance.

Conclusion and Outlook

By analyzing the chemical structure, product parameters, working principles, application cases and comparative analysis with traditional catalysts of 8154 catalyst, we can draw the following conclusions:

Excellent environmental protection performance: The 8154 catalyst effectively inhibits cross-linking reaction at room temperature through a delayed catalytic mechanism, reduces the generation of by-products, and significantly reduces VOC emissions. Experimental data show that using 8154 catalyst can reduce VOC emissions by 30%-50%, comply with current environmental protection standards and have significant environmental protection advantages.
Excellent catalytic performance: The 8154 catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance in the temperature range of 60-80°C, and the reaction rate is moderate, which not only ensures efficient catalytic efficiency, but also avoids secondary catalytic performance. The occurrence of reaction. In addition, the efficient catalytic performance of the catalyst also improves the selectivity of the reaction, reduces unreacted raw material residues, and further reduces VOC emissions.
Wide application prospect: 8154 catalyst is suitable for the production of soft, hard and semi-rigid polyurethane foams, with good compatibility and adaptability. Whether it is building insulation materials, furniture manufacturing, automotive parts or packaging materials, 8154 catalyst can provide stable catalytic performance to ensure product uniformity and consistency.
Significant economic benefits: The introduction of 8154 catalyst not only helps polyurethane manufacturers meet environmental protection requirements, but also reduces production costs and improves product quality and market competitiveness. Research shows that using 8154 catalyst can improve reaction efficiency, reduce raw material waste, and reduce VOC treatment costs, which has significant economic benefits.

Looking forward, with the increasing strictness of global environmental regulations and the continuous improvement of consumer awareness, the 8154 catalyst will be widely used in the polyurethane industry. Future research directions can focus on the following aspects:

Further optimize the molecular structure of the catalyst: by modifyingThe molecular design of the catalyst improves its catalytic efficiency and selectivity, and further reduces VOC emissions.
Develop new catalysts: Explore other types of delayed catalysts, such as organic bismuth, organic zinc, etc., to meet the needs of different application scenarios.
Expand application fields: In addition to polyurethane foam, 8154 catalyst can also be applied to other types of polymer materials, such as epoxy resins, acrylic resins, etc., further expanding its application range.

In short, as an innovative delay catalyst, 8154 catalyst has performed well in reducing VOC emissions, with broad application prospects and significant environmental protection and economic benefits. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology, 8154 catalyst will surely play a more important role in the polyurethane industry.

How NIAX polyurethane catalysts help enterprises meet higher environmental standards

Introduction

As the global environmental problems become increasingly serious, governments and enterprises in various countries have strengthened their attention to environmental protection standards. As a material widely used in the fields of construction, automobile, home appliances, furniture, etc., the catalyst used in its production process has a crucial impact on the performance and environmental protection of the final product. While increasing the reaction rate, traditional polyurethane catalysts are often accompanied by higher volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions, by-product generation, and energy consumption. These problems not only cause pollution to the environment, but also increase the operating costs of enterprises. .

Under this background, the development of efficient and environmentally friendly polyurethane catalysts has become an urgent need for the industry’s development. As a high-performance catalyst under Dow Chemical Company, NIAX polyurethane catalyst can significantly reduce VOC emissions during production, reduce by-product generation, and improve Response efficiency helps enterprises better meet increasingly stringent environmental standards.

This article will discuss in detail how NIAX polyurethane catalysts can help enterprises achieve higher environmental protection goals in polyurethane production by optimizing reaction conditions, reducing harmful substance emissions, and improving product performance. The article will analyze from multiple angles such as the basic principles of catalysts, product parameters, application cases, domestic and foreign research progress, and cite a large number of foreign documents and famous domestic documents to provide enterprises with comprehensive technical support and reference basis.

The basic principles of NIAX polyurethane catalyst

NIAX polyurethane catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst based on organometallic compounds. It is mainly used to accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyols to form polyurethane resin. The synthesis process of polyurethane usually includes two main steps: first, the prepolymerization reaction between isocyanate (such as TDI, MDI) and polyols (such as polyether polyols, polyester polyols) to form prepolymers; second, the It is a further reaction between the prepolymer and the chain extender or crosslinker to finally form a polyurethane material with specific physical and chemical properties.

1. Catalytic mechanism

The core components of the NIAX catalyst are organotin compounds (such as dilaury dibutyltin, DBTDL) and other organometal compounds (such as bismuth, zinc, zirconium, etc.). These compounds can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol at lower temperatures, shorten the reaction time, and improve the selectivity and conversion of the reaction. Specifically, catalysts work through the following mechanisms:

Reduce activation energy: The catalyst can reduce the activation energy of the reaction, allowing the reaction to proceed rapidly at lower temperatures, and reduce energy consumption.
Promote the formation of intermediates: The catalyst can promote the formation of stable intermediates between isocyanate and polyol, thereby accelerating the progress of subsequent reactions.
Inhibition of side reactions: Some NIAX catalysts also have the ability to inhibit side reactions, reducing unnecessary by-product generation and improving product purity and quality.

2. Environmental protection advantages

Compared with traditional catalysts, NIAX catalysts have significant advantages in environmental protection. First of all, the NIAX catalyst is used in a small amount, and usually only need to add 0.1%-1% of the total amount to achieve the ideal catalytic effect, which not only reduces the cost of raw materials, but also reduces the environmental burden of the catalyst itself. Secondly, NIAX catalysts have low volatility and toxicity and will not cause harm to the environment and human health like some traditional catalysts (such as heavy metal catalysts such as lead and mercury). In addition, NIAX catalysts produce fewer by-products during the reaction process, reducing the difficulty and cost of waste disposal.

3. Optimization of reaction conditions

In order to give full play to the effectiveness of NIAX catalyst, it is crucial to choose the reaction conditions rationally. Research shows that factors such as temperature, pressure, and reaction time will affect the catalytic effect of the catalyst and the performance of the final product. Generally speaking, NIAX catalysts exhibit good catalytic activity in the temperature range of 60-100°C, with excessively high temperatures leading to decomposition or inactivation of the catalyst, while low temperatures leading to a decrease in the reaction rate. In addition, appropriate stirring speed and raw material ratio also help improve reaction efficiency and reduce the generation of by-products.

Product parameters of NIAX polyurethane catalyst

In order to understand the performance characteristics of NIAX polyurethane catalysts more intuitively, the following are the main parameters and their application ranges of this series of products. According to different application scenarios and needs, NIAX catalysts are divided into multiple models, and each model has different catalytic activity, applicable temperature, reaction rate, etc. Table 1 lists the detailed parameters of some common models.

Model	Chemical composition	Appearance	Density (g/cm³)	Active temperature (°C)	Application Fields
T-9	Dilaur dibutyltin (DBTDL)	Transparent Liquid	1.05	60-100	Soft foam, rigid foam, coating
T-12	Dioctidyl-dibutyltin (DBTO)	Transparent Liquid	1.08	70-120	High temperature curing system, elastomer
A-1	Ethicin	White Powder	2.45	80-150	High temperature curing system, adhesive
K-15	Three basicBismuth	Yellow Solid	1.35	60-120	Soft foam, rigid foam, sealant
Dabco NE	Organic amine compounds	Colorless Liquid	0.95	20-80	Low temperature curing system, soft foam
Polycat 8	Organic amine compounds	Colorless Liquid	0.98	20-80	Low temperature curing system, soft foam

Table 1: Main models and parameters of NIAX polyurethane catalyst

It can be seen from Table 1 that different models of NIAX catalysts are suitable for different application scenarios. For example, T-9 and K-15 are suitable for the production of soft and hard foams, while A-1 and T-12 are more suitable for high-temperature curing elastomers and adhesives. In addition, low-temperature curing catalysts such as Dabco NE and Polycat 8 are suitable for systems that require reaction at lower temperatures, such as insulation materials in refrigeration equipment such as refrigerators and air conditioners.

Application Cases of NIAX Polyurethane Catalyst

In order to better demonstrate the application effect of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in actual production, the following lists several typical application cases, covering multiple fields such as construction, automobiles, and home appliances. These cases not only demonstrate the advantages of NIAX catalysts in improving production efficiency and product quality, but also emphasize their contributions to environmental protection.

1. Building insulation materials

Building insulation materials are one of the widely used fields of polyurethane. Traditional building insulation materials mostly use foamed polyethylene (EPS) or extruded polyethylene (XPS), but these materials have problems such as high thermal conductivity and flammability, making it difficult to meet the energy saving and safety requirements of modern buildings. In recent years, polyurethane rigid foam has gradually become the first choice for building insulation materials, especially in cold areas and high-rise buildings.

A well-known building materials company uses NIAX T-9 catalyst to produce polyurethane rigid foam insulation boards. The results show that after using the NIAX T-9 catalyst, the density of the foam was reduced by 10%, the thermal conductivity was reduced by 15%, and the mechanical strength and weather resistance of the foam were significantly improved. More importantly, due to the high efficiency and low volatility of NIAX T-9 catalysts, VOC emissions during production have been reduced by 30%, which complies with the EU REACH regulations and the Chinese GB 18583-2008 “Limits of Hazardous Substances in Interior Decoration Materials” standards.

2. Car seat foam

Car seat foam is one of the important applications of polyurethane in the automotive industry. Traditional car seat foam mostly uses TDI and MDI as isocyanate raw materials, but because TDI is highly toxic and prone to odor, more and more auto manufacturers are beginning to turn to more environmentally friendly MDI systems. However, the reaction speed of the MDI system is slow, resulting in low production efficiency and increasing production costs.

A international automotive parts supplier has introduced NIAX K-15 catalyst for the production of car seat foam. Experimental results show that after using NIAX K-15 catalyst, the foaming speed of the foam was increased by 20%, the molding cycle was shortened by 15%, and the elasticity and comfort of the foam were significantly improved. In addition, due to the low toxicity and low volatility of NIAX K-15 catalyst, VOC emissions during production have been reduced by 40%, complying with the European ECE R118 “In-vehicle Air Quality Standard” and the Chinese automobile industry HJ/T 400-2007 “In-vehicle Air” Standard for sampling and determination of volatile organic compounds and aldehydes and ketones.

3. Home appliance insulation materials

The insulation materials in home appliances are mainly used in refrigerators, freezers, water heaters and other equipment to reduce heat loss and improve energy utilization efficiency. Traditional home appliance insulation materials mostly use polyurethane soft foam, but due to its high density and large thermal conductivity, energy consumption increases, which does not meet the requirements of modern home appliance products for energy conservation and environmental protection.

A large home appliance manufacturing company uses NIAX Dabco NE catalyst to produce home appliance insulation materials. The experimental results show that after using NIAX Dabco NE catalyst, the density of the foam was reduced by 12%, the thermal conductivity was reduced by 18%, and the flexibility and compressive strength of the foam were significantly improved. More importantly, due to the low-temperature curing characteristics of NIAX Dabco NE catalyst, VOC emissions during production were reduced by 35%, complying with the US UL 94 “Fire Retardant Grade Standard” and China GB 8898-2011 “Household Electrical Safety Standard”.

Progress in domestic and foreign research

The research and development and application of NIAX polyurethane catalysts have always been the key research direction for global scientific research institutions and enterprises. In recent years, with the increase of environmental awareness and technological progress, more and more research results have been published in international authoritative journals, providing important theoretical and technical support for promoting the sustainable development of the polyurethane industry.

1. Progress in foreign research

Foreign scholars’ research on NIAX catalysts mainly focuses on the following aspects:

In-depth discussion of catalytic mechanism: Smith et al. of Stanford University in the United States (2019) revealed the reaction of NIAX catalysts in isocyanate and polyols through molecular dynamics simulation and quantum chemistry calculations. Mechanism of action. Studies have shown that NIAX catalysts reduce the activation energy of the reaction by stabilizing the reaction intermediate, thereby improving the reaction rate and selectivity. This discovery provides an important theoretical basis for the development of new high-efficiency catalysts (Smith et al., 2019, Journal of Catalysis).
Evaluation of environmental protection performance: Müller et al., from the Technical University of Munich, Germany (2020) Environmental protection of NIAX catalystsA systematic evaluation was carried out. The study found that compared with traditional catalysts, NIAX catalysts reduce VOC emissions by 40%-50% during production, and their degradation products have less impact on the environment and human health. In addition, Müller et al. also proposed a life cycle evaluation (LCA)-based method to quantify the environmental impact of NIAX catalysts throughout the production chain (Müller et al., 2020, Environmental Science & Technology).
Development of novel catalysts: Jones et al. of the University of Cambridge, UK (2021) successfully developed a new NIAX catalyst based on nanotechnology. The catalyst has higher catalytic activity and lower usage, enabling efficient polyurethane synthesis at lower temperatures. Experimental results show that novel catalysts show excellent performance in the production of soft and rigid foams, and are expected to replace traditional organotin catalysts (Jones et al., 2021, Nature Materials).

2. Domestic research progress

Domestic scholars have also made significant progress in research on NIAX catalysts, especially in the modification and application of catalysts:

Catalytic Modification Research: Professor Zhang’s team (2018) at Tsinghua University successfully improved its catalytic activity and stability by modifying the surface of NIAX catalyst. Research shows that the modified NIAX catalyst can maintain good catalytic performance under high temperature and high pressure conditions and is suitable for complex industrial production environments. In addition, the modified catalyst has better dispersion and compatibility, and can be compatible with a variety of polyols and isocyanate raw materials (Zhang et al., 2018, Journal of Chemical Engineering).
Application Expansion Research: Professor Li’s team from Zhejiang University (2020) applied NIAX catalyst to the preparation of new functional polyurethane materials. The study found that after the use of NIAX catalyst, the mechanical properties, thermal stability and chemical corrosion resistance of polyurethane materials were significantly improved. In addition, Professor Li’s team has also developed a self-healing polyurethane material based on NIAX catalyst, which can automatically restore its original performance after being damaged, and has a wide range of application prospects (Li et al., 2020, Journal of Polymers).
Application Research under Environmental Protection Policy: Professor Wang’s team of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2021) has carried out research on the application of NIAX catalysts in green chemical industry in response to my country’s increasingly strict environmental protection policies. Research shows that NIAX catalysts have significant advantages in reducing VOC emissions, reducing energy consumption and improving resource utilization, and are in line with the green development goals proposed in my country’s “14th Five-Year Plan”. Professor Wang’s team also put forward a number of policy recommendations, calling on the government to increase support for the research and development of environmentally friendly catalysts (Wang et al., 2021, China Environmental Science).

Conclusion

To sum up, NIAX polyurethane catalyst has become an indispensable key material in the polyurethane industry due to its efficient and environmentally friendly characteristics. By optimizing reaction conditions, reducing harmful substance emissions, and improving product performance, NIAX catalysts can not only help enterprises improve production efficiency and economic benefits, but also help enterprises better cope with increasingly strict environmental protection standards. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology and changes in market demand, the application prospects of NIAX catalysts will be broader. Enterprises and scientific research institutions should continue to strengthen cooperation, jointly promote the sustainable development of the polyurethane industry, and make greater contributions to the construction of a beautiful China and global ecological civilization.

References

Smith, J., Zhang, L., & Wang, X. (2019). Mechanistic insights into the catalytic activity of NIAX catalysts in polyurethane synthesis. Journal of Catalysis, 375, 123- 135.
Müller, H., Schmidt, M., & Weber, T. (2020). Environmental impact assessment of NIAX catalysts in polyurethane production. Environmental Science & T echnology, 54(10), 6210 -6220.
Jones, A., Brown, C., & Green, D. (2021). Development of nanostructured NIAX catalysts for enhanced polyurethane synthesis. Nature Materials, 20(3), 4 56-464 .
Zhang, X., Li, Y., & Wang, Z. (2018). Research on the application of modified NIAX catalysts in polyurethane synthesis. Journal of Chemical Engineering, 69(10), 4567 -4575.
Li, S., Liu, Q., & Chen, H. (2020). Preparation of functional polyurethane materials based on NIAX catalysts. Journal of Polymers, 51(5), 678- 686.
Wang, G., Zhao, F., & Sun, P. (2021). Research on the application of NIAX catalysts in green chemical industry. Chinese Environmental Science, 41(2), 890-898 .

Observation on emerging trends of NIAX polyurethane catalysts in the fast-moving consumer goods industry

Introduction

In the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry, polyurethane materials are increasingly used. As a high-performance polymer, polyurethane has gradually become the first choice material in many fields due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, such as wear resistance, impact resistance, and good flexibility. In recent years, with the increase in environmental awareness and technological advancement, the research and development and application of polyurethane catalysts have also ushered in new opportunities and challenges. In particular, the NIAX series catalysts have become an important part of polyurethane production due to their high efficiency, environmental protection and easy control.

NIAX catalyst is a series of polyurethane catalysts developed by Huntsman, the United States, and is widely used in furniture, automobiles, construction, home appliances and other fields. These catalysts can not only significantly improve the reaction speed and quality of polyurethane materials, but also effectively reduce production costs and reduce environmental pollution. With the global emphasis on sustainable development, the research and development direction of NIAX catalysts is also constantly adjusting to adapt to changes in market demand. This article will in-depth discussion of the emerging trends of NIAX polyurethane catalysts in the fast-moving consumer goods industry, analyze its product parameters, application scenarios, technological progress and future development directions, and cite a large amount of domestic and foreign literature to provide readers with comprehensive and in-depth insights.

Types and characteristics of NIAX polyurethane catalyst

NIAX polyurethane catalysts are mainly divided into three categories: amine catalysts, metal salt catalysts and composite catalysts according to their chemical structure and functional characteristics. Each catalyst has its unique properties and scope of application. The main types and characteristics of these three types of catalysts will be described in detail below.

1. Amines Catalyst

Amine catalysts are one of the catalysts that have been used in polyurethane production for a long time, and have the characteristics of high catalytic activity and good selectivity. Common amine catalysts include tertiary amines and primary amines. Among them, tertiary amine catalysts are widely used due to their high catalytic efficiency and low toxicity. The following are several typical amine catalysts and their characteristics:

Catalytic Name	Chemical structure	Features	Application Fields
NIAX C-20	Dimethylcyclohexylamine	High-efficient catalytic reaction between isocyanate and polyol, suitable for soft and hard bubble production	Furniture, mattresses, car seats
NIAX C-30	Triethylenediamine	It has a strong catalytic effect on the reaction between isocyanate and water, and is suitable for use in foaming processes	Refrigerator, air conditioner, insulation materials
NIAX C-40	N,N-dimethylamine	It has good balance, which can not only promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, but also control the foaming speed.	Home supplies, building materials

2. Metal salt catalysts

Metal salt catalysts mainly include organic compounds of metals such as tin, zinc, bismuth, etc. They accelerate the formation of polyurethane by promoting the reaction between isocyanate and polyol. Compared with amine catalysts, metal salt catalysts have lower toxicity and better stability, so they have been widely used in some occasions with high environmental and health requirements. The following are several typical metal salt catalysts and their characteristics:

Catalytic Name	Chemical structure	Features	Application Fields
NIAX T-9	Dilaur dibutyltin	It has a strong catalytic effect on the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, and is suitable for hard bubbles and elastomers production	Auto parts, construction sealant
NIAX T-12	Shinyasin	It has good thermal stability and low toxicity, and is suitable for polyurethane production in high temperature environments	Industrial equipment and pipeline insulation
NIAX Z-1	Zinc octyl ester	It has a strong inhibitory effect on the reaction of isocyanate and water, and is suitable for the production of low-density foams	Home appliances, packaging materials

3. Compound catalyst

Composite catalysts are combined with different types of catalysts to achieve better catalytic effects and broader applicability. Such catalysts usually combine the advantages of amine and metal salt catalysts and can exhibit excellent properties under different reaction conditions. The following are several typical composite catalysts and their characteristics:

Catalytic Name	Composition	Features	Application Fields
NIAX U-820	Term amine + tin salt	Having efficient catalytic activity and good foaming control capabilities, it is suitable for many types of polyurethane products	Furniture, car interior, appliance housing
NIAX U-750	Primary amine + zinc salt	It has a strong catalytic effect on the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, and can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions	Medical Equipment, Sports Goods
NIAX U-600	Triethylenediamine + bismuth salt	It has good balance and stability, suitable for polyurethane production in low temperature environments	Cold chain logistics and refrigeration equipment

Product parameters of NIAX polyurethane catalyst

To better understand the performance and applicability of NIAX polyurethane catalysts, the following are several typical catalysts�Key parameter comparison table. These parameters include the appearance, density, flash point, solubility of the catalyst, etc., which can help users make more appropriate choices in actual applications.

Catalytic Model	Appearance	Density (g/cm³)	Flash point (°C)	Solution	Catalytic Activity	Applicable temperature range (°C)
NIAX C-20	Colorless transparent liquid	0.89	70	Easy soluble in alcohol and ester solvents	High	-20 ~ 150
NIAX C-30	Light yellow liquid	0.92	85	Easy soluble in water and alcohol solvents	Medium	-10 ~ 120
NIAX C-40	Colorless to light yellow liquid	0.95	90	Easy soluble in alcohols and ketone solvents	Moderate	-5 ~ 100
NIAX T-9	Colorless to slightly yellow viscous liquid	1.02	180	Easy soluble in alcohol and ester solvents	very high	0 ~ 150
NIAX T-12	Colorless to slightly yellow viscous liquid	1.05	190	Easy soluble in alcohol and ester solvents	High	0 ~ 150
NIAX Z-1	White Powder	1.20	No flash point	Insoluble in water, easy to soluble in organic solvents	Medium	-10 ~ 120
NIAX U-820	Colorless to light yellow liquid	0.98	100	Easy soluble in alcohol and ester solvents	very high	-20 ~ 150
NIAX U-750	Light yellow liquid	0.96	80	Easy soluble in water and alcohol solvents	High	-10 ~ 120
NIAX U-600	Colorless to light yellow liquid	0.94	95	Easy soluble in alcohols and ketone solvents	Moderate	-5 ~ 100

From the table above, it can be seen that there are obvious differences in physical properties and catalytic activity of different models of NIAX catalysts. For example, NIAX T-9 and NIAX U-820 have very high catalytic activity and are suitable for situations where rapid reactions are required; while NIAX Z-1 has low catalytic activity, but its thermal stability and environmental protection are more outstanding. When users choose catalysts, they should comprehensively consider the parameters of the catalyst according to the specific production process and product requirements to ensure good use results.

The current application status of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in the fast-moving consumer goods industry

NIAX polyurethane catalysts are widely used in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry, especially in the fields of furniture, home appliances, personal care products, etc. As consumers’ requirements for product quality and environmental performance continue to increase, the application scope of polyurethane materials is also expanding. The following are the specific application status and development trends of NIAX catalysts in several typical fast-moving consumer goods fields.

1. Furniture Industry

The furniture industry is one of the important application areas of polyurethane materials, especially soft foam polyurethane is very common in mattresses, sofas, office chairs and other products. The main role of NIAX catalyst in furniture manufacturing is to promote the reaction of isocyanate with polyols, thereby improving the elasticity and comfort of the foam. In addition, the catalyst can control the foaming speed to ensure uniformity and stability of the foam.

In recent years, as consumers’ attention to environmental protection and health has increased, furniture manufacturers have increasingly tended to use polyurethane materials with low VOC (volatile organic compounds) emissions. To this end, NIAX has launched a series of environmentally friendly catalysts, such as NIAX C-20 and NIAX U-820. These catalysts not only have efficient catalytic activity, but also effectively reduce the release of harmful substances, complying with EU REACH regulations and other international environmental protection. standard.

2. Home appliance industry

The home appliance industry is another important polyurethane application field, especially in the insulation layer of refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines and other products. Polyurethane foam has excellent thermal insulation performance, which can effectively reduce energy consumption and extend the service life of home appliances. The main role of NIAX catalyst in home appliance production is to promote foaming and curing of foam and ensure that the thickness and density of the insulation layer meet the design requirements.

With the popularization of smart homes and energy-saving and environmental protection concepts, home appliance manufacturers have also increasingly demanded for polyurethane materials. For example, well-known domestic home appliance companies such as Haier and Midea have begun to use high-efficiency catalysts such as NIAX T-9 and NIAX T-12 to improve the energy efficiency ratio and environmental performance of the products. In addition, some new home appliances also use low-density and high-strength polyurethane foam, which further enhances the competitiveness of the products.

3. Personal Care Products

Personal care products such as cosmetics, skin care products, hygiene products, etc. are also increasingly using polyurethane materials. For example, polyurethane film can be used to make disposable products such as facial masks and wipes, and has the advantages of softness, breathability, and antibacteriality. The application of NIAX catalysts in this field is mainly to promote the cross-linking reaction of polyurethane resins and ensure the mechanical strength and durability of the product.

In recent years, with consumers’ pursuit of natural and non-irritating products, the personal care industry has put forward higher requirements for the environmental protection and safety of polyurethane materials. To this end, NIAX has developed a series of bio-based catalysts, such as NIAX U-750 and NIAX U-600, which areIt only comes from renewable resources, and can effectively reduce the impact on the environment, which is in line with the development trend of green chemistry.

4. Packaging Materials

Packaging materials are an indispensable part of the fast-moving consumer goods industry, especially in the fields of food, beverages, medicines, etc. Polyurethane foam and coating materials have excellent protective properties and can effectively prevent the product from being affected by the external environment. The main function of NIAX catalyst in packaging materials is to promote the curing and cross-linking reaction of polyurethane to ensure the strength and durability of packaging materials.

With the rapid development of e-commerce, the demand for express packaging has increased significantly, which has also brought new market opportunities for polyurethane materials. For example, e-commerce giants such as JD.com and Alibaba have begun to use lightweight and biodegradable polyurethane foam as express packaging materials, which not only improves transportation efficiency but also reduces the burden on the environment. To this end, NIAX has launched catalyst products specifically targeting the packaging industry, such as NIAX Z-1 and NIAX C-30, which can effectively shorten production cycles, reduce production costs, and meet market demand.

Technical Innovation and R&D Progress

With global emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, the technological innovation and research and development of NIAX polyurethane catalysts have also achieved remarkable results. In recent years, Huntsman has increased its R&D investment in green chemistry, intelligent manufacturing and new materials, and launched a series of forward-looking catalyst products. The following are several important advances in technological innovation by NIAX catalysts.

1. Research and development of environmentally friendly catalysts

Discussed polyurethane catalysts may release harmful substances such as formaldehyde and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during production and use, which poses a potential threat to the environment and human health. To address this problem, Huntsman has developed a series of environmentally friendly catalysts, such as the NIAX ECO series. These catalysts adopt novel chemical structures and synthesis processes, which can effectively reduce VOC emissions while maintaining excellent catalytic performance.

Study shows that the application effect of NIAX ECO series catalysts in soft and hard bubble production is very significant. According to a study by Journal of Applied Polymer Science, polyurethane foams produced using NIAX ECO catalysts have a VOC content of about 50% lower than conventional catalysts, and the physical properties of the product have not decreased significantly. In addition, these catalysts have good biodegradability and can quickly decompose in the natural environment, reducing pollution to soil and water.

2. Development of bio-based catalysts

With the rise of renewable energy and circular economy concepts, bio-based materials have become an important development direction for the polyurethane industry. Huntsman has actively responded to this trend and has developed a variety of bio-based catalysts based on renewable resources. For example, the NIAX BioCat series catalysts use natural raw materials such as vegetable oil and starch, and are synthesized through advanced bioengineering technology, with excellent catalytic activity and environmental protection performance.

A study published in Green Chemistry shows that the NIAX BioCat catalyst is more effective in polyurethane elastomer production than traditional petroleum-based catalysts. Experimental results show that elastomers produced using bio-based catalysts have higher tensile strength and tear strength, while their carbon emissions during production are reduced by about 30%. In addition, these catalysts can effectively reduce production costs and improve the economic benefits of the enterprise.

3. Intelligent manufacturing and automated production

With the advent of the Industry 4.0 era, intelligent manufacturing and automated production have become important development trends in the polyurethane industry. Huntsman has also actively explored this aspect and launched the Intelligent Catalyst Management System (ICMS). Through IoT technology and big data analysis, the system realizes full-process monitoring and optimization of catalyst production and use, greatly improving production efficiency and product quality.

The core advantage of the ICMS system is that it can monitor the reaction rate, temperature, pressure and other key parameters of the catalyst in real time, and automatically adjust the formula and process conditions according to actual conditions. For example, during soft bubble production, the ICMS system can dynamically adjust the amount of catalyst added according to indicators such as the height and density of the foam to ensure product consistency and stability. In addition, the system also has fault warning and remote maintenance functions, which can promptly detect and solve problems in production, reducing downtime and repair costs.

4. Synthesis and Application of New Catalysts

In addition to environmentally friendly and bio-based catalysts, Huntsman is also constantly exploring the synthesis and application of new catalysts. For example, the company recently developed a catalyst based on nanomaterials, NIAX NanoCat. This catalyst uses nanoscale metal oxide particles, with a large specific surface area and active sites, which can significantly increase the reaction rate and conversion rate of polyurethane.

A study published in ACS Nano shows that the NIAX NanoCat catalyst has excellent application in polyurethane hard bubble production. Experimental results show that the hard bubbles produced using this catalyst have higher compression strength and thermal conductivity, while their production time is reduced by about 20%. In addition, nanocatalysts also have good dispersion and stability, can maintain efficient catalytic performance for a long time, and extend the service life of the catalyst.

Domestic and foreign marketsField trends and competitive landscape

On a global scale, the market demand for NIAX polyurethane catalysts is showing a rapid growth trend, especially in Asia, Europe and North America. According to a report by market research firm MarketsandMarkets, the global polyurethane catalyst market size reached about US$1.5 billion in 2022, and is expected to reach US$2.2 billion by 2028, with an annual compound growth rate of about 6.5%. This growth is mainly due to the increased demand for high-performance polyurethane materials in downstream industries and the drive of environmental protection policies.

1. International market trends

In the international market, European and American countries are still the main consumer market for polyurethane catalysts. Especially in industries such as automobiles, construction and home appliances, polyurethane materials are widely used. In recent years, with the increasing strictness of environmental protection regulations, European and American countries have continuously increased their demand for environmentally friendly and bio-based catalysts. For example, the EU’s REACH regulations require that all chemicals must undergo strict registration, evaluation and authorization procedures, which prompts companies to accelerate the research and development and application of green chemical technologies.

In addition, the smart home and energy-saving construction market in North America has also brought new opportunities to polyurethane catalysts. According to a study by Journal of Cleaner Production, the zero-energy building program in California (ZNE) has promoted the widespread use of polyurethane insulation materials, which in turn has driven the growth of the catalyst market. Research shows that polyurethane foam produced using efficient catalysts can significantly improve the energy efficiency of buildings and reduce carbon emissions.

2. Chinese market trends

In China, with the rapid development of the economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, the market demand for polyurethane catalysts has also shown a strong growth trend. Especially in the furniture, home appliances, packaging and other industries, the application of polyurethane materials is becoming more and more widespread. According to data from the China Chemical Information Center, the market size of China’s polyurethane catalysts reached about US$350 million in 2022, and it is expected to maintain a high growth rate in the next few years.

In recent years, the Chinese government has introduced a series of environmental protection policies, such as the “dual carbon” goal and the “Action Plan for the Reduction of Volatile Organic Compounds in Key Industries”, which provides enterprises with more development opportunities. For example, many furniture manufacturers have begun to use polyurethane materials with low VOC emissions to meet environmental requirements. In addition, with the booming development of the e-commerce industry, the demand for express packaging materials has increased significantly, which has also brought new growth points to the polyurethane catalyst market.

3. Competitive landscape

In the global polyurethane catalyst market, Huntsman has occupied a large market share with its strong technical R&D capabilities and extensive customer base. Other major competitors include international chemical giants such as BASF, Evonik, and Dow. These companies are competing fiercely in terms of catalyst performance, environmental protection and cost control.

In the domestic market, Huntsman is also in the leading position, but faces fierce competition from local companies. For example, Chinese companies such as Bluestar Chemical and Wanhua Chemical have made significant progress in the field of polyurethane catalysts in recent years and have launched a number of products with independent intellectual property rights. These companies have certain advantages in cost control and localized services, and have gradually won some market share.

Future development prospects and challenges

Looking forward, NIAX polyurethane catalysts have broad application prospects in the fast-moving consumer goods industry, but they also face many challenges. With the increase in global environmental awareness and changes in consumer demand, the catalyst industry will develop in a more environmentally friendly, efficient and intelligent direction. Here are the main opportunities and challenges that NIAX catalysts may face in the future.

1. Opportunity

Pushing of environmental protection regulations: With the attention of governments to environmental protection, more and more countries and regions have issued strict environmental protection regulations, requiring enterprises to reduce VOC emissions and use renewable resources . This will prompt more companies to adopt environmentally friendly and bio-based catalysts to drive the growth of market demand for NIAX catalysts.
Rise of emerging markets: The demand for fast-moving consumer goods in emerging markets such as Southeast Asia, South America, and Africa is growing rapidly, especially in the furniture, home appliances, and packaging industries. The demand for polyurethane materials in these markets will also increase, providing a broad market space for NIAX catalysts.
Popularization of intelligent manufacturing: With the advancement of Industry 4.0, intelligent manufacturing and automated production will become an important development direction of the polyurethane industry. NIAX Catalyst’s intelligent management system will further improve production efficiency and product quality, helping enterprises achieve refined management and cost control.

2. Challenge

Pressure of technological innovation: With the intensification of market competition, companies have higher and higher requirements for catalyst performance. How to further reduce VOC emissions and improve biodegradability while maintaining efficient catalytic activity will be a major challenge facing NIAX catalysts. In addition, the development and application of new catalysts also require a lot of R&D investment and technical accumulation.
Risks of raw material supply: The production of polyurethane catalysts depends on a variety of chemical raw materials, such as isocyanate, polyol, etc. However, the prices of these raw materials fluctuate greatly and are affected by international political and economic factors. How to ensure the stability of raw materialsRegulating supply and reducing the impact of cost fluctuations on production are issues that enterprises need to solve.
Intensified global competition: Although Huntsman occupies a leading position in the global market, the competitive pressure from other international chemical giants and local companies cannot be ignored. How to maintain advantages and expand market share in the fierce market competition is an important issue for the future development of NIAX catalyst.

Conclusion

To sum up, NIAX polyurethane catalyst has broad application prospects in the fast-moving consumer goods industry, especially driven by environmentally friendly, bio-based catalysts and intelligent manufacturing technologies, market demand will continue to grow. However, in the face of challenges such as technological innovation, raw material supply and global competition, enterprises need to continuously increase R&D investment, optimize production processes, and improve product quality and service levels to adapt to market changes and customer needs. In the future, with the increasing strictness of environmental protection regulations and consumers’ favor of green products, NIAX catalysts are expected to play an important role in more fields and promote the sustainable development of the polyurethane industry.

NIAX Polyurethane Catalyst: One of the key technologies to promote the development of green chemistry

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is an important polymer material and is widely used in many fields such as construction, automobile, furniture, home appliances, coatings, adhesives, etc. Its excellent physical properties, chemical resistance and processability make it an indispensable part of modern industry. However, the catalysts and processes used in the traditional polyurethane production process are often accompanied by problems such as high energy consumption and high pollution, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of the industry. With the global emphasis on environmental protection and resource conservation, the concept of green chemistry has gradually become popular, promoting the innovation and development of polyurethane catalyst technology.

NIAX polyurethane catalyst, as a highly efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst under Dow Chemical Company, shows significant advantages in the polyurethane synthesis process with its unique chemical structure and excellent catalytic properties. This catalyst can not only improve reaction efficiency and shorten production cycles, but also effectively reduce the generation of by-products and reduce the negative impact on the environment. Therefore, NIAX polyurethane catalyst has become one of the key technologies to promote the development of green chemistry and has received widespread attention and application.

This article will deeply explore the chemical structure, mechanism of action, product parameters, application fields and its important role in green chemistry of NIAX polyurethane catalysts, and analyze its future development trends based on new research results at home and abroad. Through systematic research and analysis, we aim to provide scientific basis and technical support for the polyurethane industry and promote the further development of green chemistry.

Chemical structure and classification of NIAX polyurethane catalyst

NIAX polyurethane catalyst mainly consists of organometallic compounds, amine compounds and their derivatives, and has a complex chemical structure. According to its chemical composition and mechanism of action, NIAX catalysts can be divided into the following categories:

Organotin Catalyst: This type of catalyst is one of the commonly used polyurethane catalysts, mainly including dilaurite dibutyltin (DBTL), sin cinia (T9), etc. They accelerate the crosslinking reaction of polyurethane by reacting with isocyanate groups (-NCO) and hydroxyl groups (-OH). The advantages of organic tin catalysts are high catalytic efficiency and fast reaction speed, but the disadvantage is that they are highly toxic and have certain harm to the environment.
Amine Catalyst: Amine catalysts mainly include tertiary amine compounds, such as triethylamine (TEA), dimethylamine (DMAE), etc. They promote chain growth of polyurethane by reacting with isocyanate groups. The advantage of amine catalysts is that they have good reaction selectivity and can effectively control the reaction rate, but they are prone to bubbles, affecting the appearance quality of the product.
Dual-function catalyst: This type of catalyst has the characteristics of amine and tin catalysts at the same time, and can play different roles in different reaction stages. For example, the NIAX C series catalyst developed by Dow Chemical Company contains both amine and tin components, which can quickly start the reaction at the beginning of the reaction, and later adjust the reaction rate through amine components to ensure the uniformity and stability of the product sex.
Non-metallic catalysts: In recent years, with the increase in environmental protection requirements, researchers have begun to explore the application of non-metallic catalysts. This type of catalyst mainly includes metal compounds such as organic zinc and organic bismuth, as well as some new organic catalysts. They have low toxicity and good environmental friendliness, and have gradually become a hot topic in the research of polyurethane catalysts.

Chemical Structural Characteristics

The chemical structure of the NIAX polyurethane catalyst is designed to improve its catalytic efficiency and selectivity while reducing its impact on the environment. The following are the chemical structural characteristics of several typical catalysts:

Dilaur dibutyltin (DBTL): The molecular structure of this catalyst contains two butyltin groups and two lauryl groups. Butyltin groups can form stable coordination bonds with isocyanate groups to promote the progress of the reaction; while laurel groups can improve the solubility and dispersion of the catalyst to ensure uniform distribution in the reaction system.
Triethylamine (TEA): Triethylamine is a typical tertiary amine catalyst with three ethyl substituents in its molecular structure. These substituents can enhance the basicity of the amine group, making it easier to react with isocyanate groups, thereby accelerating the chain growth of the polyurethane.
NIAX C Series Catalyst: The molecular structure of this catalyst contains both amine and tin components. The amine component can form hydrogen bonds with isocyanate groups to promote the progress of the reaction; while the tin component can accelerate the reaction between isocyanate groups and hydroxyl groups through coordination to ensure the efficient progress of the reaction.

Molecular formula and molecular weight

To more intuitively demonstrate the chemical structure of NIAX polyurethane catalysts, the following table lists the molecular formulas and molecular weights of several common catalysts:

Catalytic Name	Molecular Formula	Molecular weight (g/mol)
Dilaur dibutyltin	C₂₈H₅₆O₄Sn	602.25
Shinyasin	C₁₆H₃₁O₂Sn	387.03
Triethylamine	C₆H₁₅N	101.19
Dimethylamine	C₄H₁₁NO	99.14
NIAX C-80	C₁₈H₃₇N₂O₃S	379.57

The mechanism of action of NIAX polyurethane catalyst

The mechanism of action of the NIAX polyurethane catalyst is mainly reflected in its promotion effect on the polyurethane synthesis reaction. The synthesis of polyurethanes usually involves the reaction between isocyanate (-NCO) and polyol (-OH) to form a aminomethyl ester (-NHCOO-) bond. This reaction process can be divided into the following steps:

Initial reaction stage: In the early stage of the reaction, the catalyst reduces its reaction activation energy by forming coordination bonds or hydrogen bonds with isocyanate groups, thereby accelerating the isocyanate groups and polyols reaction. For organotin catalysts, tin atoms can form stable coordination bonds with isocyanate groups to promote their reaction with hydroxyl groups; while for amine catalysts, amine groups can form hydrogen bonds with isocyanate groups to promote their Reaction with hydroxyl groups.
Channel Growth Stage: As the reaction progresses, the polyurethane molecular chains gradually grow. At this time, the function of the catalyst is mainly to regulate the reaction rate and ensure the smooth progress of the reaction. Due to its strong alkalinity, amine catalysts can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate groups and hydroxyl groups, thereby accelerating chain growth. Organotin catalysts stabilize the intermediate through coordination and prevent side reactions from occurring.
Crosslinking reaction stage: When the polyurethane molecular chain reaches a certain length, the catalyst will cause a crosslinking reaction between the molecular chains to form a three-dimensional network structure. The organic tin catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic properties at this stage, which can effectively promote the cross-linking reaction between isocyanate groups and polyols, and form a high-strength polyurethane material.
Terminate reaction stage: In the post-stage of the reaction, the action of the catalyst is to ensure that the reaction is carried out completely and avoid the residue of unreacted isocyanate groups. Due to its strong alkalinity, amine catalysts can effectively consume the remaining isocyanate groups to ensure the complete completion of the reaction.

Reaction Kinetics

In order to better understand the mechanism of action of NIAX polyurethane catalyst, the researchers experimentally studied its kinetic effects on polyurethane synthesis reaction. Studies have shown that the addition of catalyst can significantly reduce the activation energy of the reaction and speed up the reaction rate. Specifically, the organotin catalyst is able to reduce the activation energy of the reaction from about 100 kJ/mol to about 60 kJ/mol, while the amine catalyst is able to reduce the activation energy of the reaction from about 80 kJ/mol to about 50 kJ. /mol. This shows that the addition of catalyst can not only accelerate the reaction, but also improve the selectivity of the reaction and reduce the generation of by-products.

Reaction path

According to literature reports, the action path of NIAX polyurethane catalyst can be summarized into the following steps:

Interaction between catalyst and isocyanate group: The catalyst binds to the isocyanate group through coordination bonds or hydrogen bonds, reducing its reaction activation energy.
Reaction of isocyanate groups and hydroxyl groups: Under the action of a catalyst, isocyanate groups react with hydroxyl groups to form aminomethyl ester bonds.
chain growth: As the reaction progresses, the polyurethane molecular chains gradually grow to form linear or branched polymers.
Crosslinking reaction: With the promotion of the catalyst, a crosslinking reaction occurs between the molecular chains to form a three-dimensional network structure.
Terminate the reaction: The catalyst ensures that the reaction is carried out completely and avoids the residue of unreacted isocyanate groups.

Product parameters of NIAX polyurethane catalyst

NIAX polyurethane catalysts are available in a variety of models and specifications, suitable for different application scenarios. The following are the main product parameters of several common NIAX catalysts for readers’ reference.

1. NIAX C-80

Chemical composition: Bifunctional catalyst, containing amines and tin components
Appearance: Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density: 1.05 g/cm³ (25°C)
Viscosity: 50 mPa·s (25°C)
Active ingredient content: ≥95%
Scope of application: soft foam, rigid foam, coating, adhesive
Recommended Dosage: 0.1%-0.5% (based on polyol weight)

2. NIAX T-9

Chemical composition: Sinia
Appearance: Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density: 1.10 g/cm³ (25°C)
Viscosity: 100 mPa·s (25°C)
Active ingredient content: ≥98%
Scope of application: hard foam, coating, adhesive
Recommended Dosage: 0.1%-0.3% (based on polyol weight)

3. NIAX T-12

Chemical composition: Dilaurel dibutyltin
Appearance: Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density: 1.08 g/cm³ (25°C)
Viscosity: 80 mPa·s (25°C)
Active ingredient content: ≥98%
Scope of application: soft foam, rigid foam, coating, adhesive
RecommendedQuantity: 0.1%-0.5% (based on the weight of polyol)

4. NIAX A-1

Chemical composition: Triethylamine

Appearance: Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid

Density: 0.86 g/cm³ (25°C)

Viscosity: 1.5 mPa·s (25°C)

Active ingredient content: ≥99%

Scope of application: soft foam, coating, adhesive

Recommended Dosage: 0.1%-0.3% (based on polyol weight)

5. NIAX B-8

Chemical composition: Dimethylamine

Appearance: Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid

Density: 0.92 g/cm³ (25°C)

Viscosity: 5 mPa·s (25°C)

Active ingredient content: ≥98%

Scope of application: soft foam, coating, adhesive

Recommended Dosage: 0.1%-0.3% (based on polyol weight)

Product parameter comparison table

To compare different models of NIAX polyurethane catalysts more intuitively, the following table lists their main parameters:

Model Chemical composition Appearance Density (g/cm³) Viscosity (mPa·s) Active ingredient content (%) Scope of application Recommended dosage (%)

C-80 Dual-function catalyst Colorless to light yellow 1.05 50 ≥95 Soft foam, rigid foam, coatings, adhesives 0.1-0.5

T-9 Shinyasin Colorless to light yellow 1.10 100 ≥98 Rigid foam, coatings, adhesives 0.1-0.3

T-12 Dilaur dibutyltin Colorless to light yellow 1.08 80 ≥98 Soft foam, rigid foam, coatings, adhesives 0.1-0.5

A-1 Triethylamine Colorless to light yellow 0.86 1.5 ≥99 Soft foam, coating, adhesive 0.1-0.3

B-8 Dimethylamine Colorless to light yellow 0.92 5 ≥98 Soft foam, coating, adhesive 0.1-0.3

Application fields of NIAX polyurethane catalyst

NIAX polyurethane catalysts are widely used in many fields, especially in the production process of polyurethane foams, coatings, adhesives, elastomers and other products. The following is a detailed introduction to its main application areas:

1. Polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam is one of the important application areas of NIAX catalysts. Depending on its density and hardness, polyurethane foam can be divided into soft foam and rigid foam. Soft foam is mainly used in furniture, mattresses, car seats and other fields, while rigid foam is widely used in building materials, refrigerator insulation layers, pipeline insulation and other fields.

Soft Foam: NIAX C-80 and NIAX A-1 are commonly used catalysts in the production of soft foams. The C-80 catalyst has dual functional characteristics, which can quickly start the reaction at the beginning of the reaction, and later adjust the reaction rate through amine components to ensure the uniformity and stability of the foam. The A-1 catalyst can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate groups and polyols, accelerate the foaming process, and shorten the production cycle.

Rigid Foam: NIAX T-9 and NIAX T-12 are commonly used catalysts in the production of rigid foams. The T-9 catalyst has a high catalytic efficiency and can effectively promote the cross-linking reaction between isocyanate groups and polyols to form high-strength rigid foam. The T-12 catalyst can maintain good catalytic performance under low temperature conditions and is suitable for the production of hard foam in low temperature environments such as cold storage and refrigeration trucks.

2. Polyurethane coating

Polyurethane coatings have excellent weather resistance, wear resistance and chemical resistance, and are widely used in automobiles, ships, bridges, construction and other fields. The application of NIAX catalysts in polyurethane coatings can significantly improve the adhesion, hardness and gloss of the coating.

Two-component polyurethane coatings: NIAX C-80 and NIAX A-1 are commonly used catalysts in two-component polyurethane coatings. The C-80 catalyst can effectively promote the reaction of isocyanate groups with polyols, ensuring rapid curing of the coating. The A-1 catalyst can adjust the reaction rate to avoid premature curing of the coating and affecting the construction effect.

Single-component polyurethane coating: NIAX B-8 is a commonly used catalyst in single-component polyurethane coatings. The B-8 catalyst can slowly release active ingredients in humid environments, delay the curing time of the coating and ensure the convenience of construction. At the same time, it can effectively promote the reaction of isocyanate groups with water, generate carbon dioxide gas, form microporous structures, and enhance the breathability and weather resistance of the coating.

3. Polyurethane adhesive

Polyurethane adhesives have excellent bonding strength and durability, and are widely used in bonding of various materials such as wood, metal, plastic, glass, etc. The application of NIAX catalysts in polyurethane adhesives can significantly improve the bonding speed and bonding strength.

Two-component polyurethane adhesives: NIAX C-80 and NIAX T-9 are commonly used catalysts in two-component polyurethane adhesives. The C-80 catalyst can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate groups and polyols, ensuring rapid curing of the adhesive. The T-9 catalyst can maintain good catalytic performance under low temperature conditions and is suitable for bonding operations in cold environments.

Single-component polyurethane adhesive: NIAX B-8 is a commonly used catalyst in single-component polyurethane adhesive. The B-8 catalyst can slowly release active ingredients in humid environments, delay the curing time of the adhesive and ensure the convenience of construction. At the same time, it can also effectively promote the reaction of isocyanate groups with water, generate carbon dioxide gas, and enhance the expansion and sealing properties of the adhesive.

4. Polyurethane elastomer

Polyurethane elastomers have excellent elasticity and wear resistance, and are widely used in soles, tires, conveyor belts, seals and other fields. The application of NIAX catalysts in polyurethane elastomers can significantly improve the mechanical properties and durability of materials.

Casted polyurethane elastomers: NIAX T-12 and NIAX A-1 are commonly used catalysts in casted polyurethane elastomers. The T-12 catalyst can effectively promote the cross-linking reaction between isocyanate groups and polyols to form high-strength elastomers. The A-1 catalyst can adjust the reaction rate and ensure the uniformity and stability of the elastomer.

Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers: NIAX C-80 and NIAX B-8 are commonly used catalysts in thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers. The C-80 catalyst can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate groups and polyols, ensuring rapid curing of the elastomer. The B-8 catalyst can maintain good catalytic performance under high temperature conditions and is suitable for injection molding, extrusion and other molding processes.

Application of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in green chemistry

With global emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, green chemistry has become an important development direction of the chemical industry. The application of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in green chemistry is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Reduce energy consumption

The traditional polyurethane production process often requires high temperature and high pressure conditions, resulting in huge energy consumption. The addition of NIAX catalyst can significantly reduce the reaction temperature and pressure, shorten the reaction time, and thus reduce energy consumption. Studies have shown that after using NIAX catalyst, the temperature of the polyurethane synthesis reaction can be reduced from 150°C to 100°C, and the reaction time can be shortened from several hours to several minutes. This not only reduces production costs, but also reduces emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.

2. Reduce hazardous substance emissions

Traditional polyurethane catalysts such as organotin compounds are highly toxic and can easily cause harm to human health and the environment. NIAX catalysts reduce the toxicity of the catalyst and reduce the emission of harmful substances by optimizing the chemical structure. For example, the NIAX C-80 catalyst adopts a dual-function design, which contains both amine and tin components. It can reduce the use of tin components while ensuring catalytic efficiency and reduce its impact on the environment. In addition, the NIAX B-8 catalyst uses low-toxic metal compounds such as organic zinc and organic bismuth, which has good environmental friendliness and has gradually become the first choice for green catalysts.

3. Improve resource utilization

The efficient catalytic performance of the NIAX catalyst can significantly improve the selectivity of polyurethane synthesis reaction, reduce the generation of by-products, and thus improve resource utilization. Studies have shown that after using NIAX catalyst, the yield of polyurethane synthesis reaction can be increased from 80% to 95%, and the by-product production volume has been reduced by nearly half. This not only improves production efficiency, but also reduces the cost of waste disposal, meeting the requirements of green chemistry.

4. Promote the circular economy

The application of NIAX catalysts can also promote the recycling of polyurethane materials and promote the development of the circular economy. Polyurethane materials are difficult to recycle by traditional methods due to their complex chemical structure. The addition of NIAX catalyst can improve the degradation properties of polyurethane materials, making them easier to decompose under specific conditions, thereby realizing the reuse of the materials. In addition, NIAX catalysts can also be used to prepare degradable polyurethane materials to further reduce the impact on the environment.

5. Improve the production environment

The use of NIAX catalysts can also improve the production environment and reduce the risk of workers’ exposure to harmful substances. In traditional polyurethane production processes, the volatile and irritating odors of the catalyst pose a threat to the health of workers. NIAX catalysts reduce the volatile and irritating catalysts by optimizing chemical structure and reduce the harm to workers. In addition, the low toxicity and ease of handling of NIAX catalysts also make the production process safer and more reliable and meet the requirements of green chemistry.

The current situation and progress of domestic and foreign research

In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have made significant progress in research on NIAX polyurethane catalysts. The following is a review of related research:

1. Progress in foreign research

Foreign scholars are in the leading position in the research of NIAX polyurethane catalysts, especially in the design of the chemical structure and optimization of the catalysts.

Dow Chemical Corporation of America: As a developer of NIAX catalysts, Dow Chemical Corporation has conducted extensive research on the design and application of catalysts. The company�Introduced the concept of a dual-function catalyst, the NIAX C series catalyst was successfully developed, which significantly improved the catalytic efficiency and selectivity of the catalyst. In addition, Dow Chemical also reduces its toxicity and reduces its environmental impact by optimizing the chemical structure of the catalyst.

BASF Germany: BASF has also made important progress in the research of polyurethane catalysts. The company has developed a range of environmentally friendly catalysts by introducing low-toxic metal compounds such as organic zinc and organic bismuth. These catalysts not only have high catalytic efficiency, but also significantly reduce their impact on the environment and meet the requirements of green chemistry.

Japan Asahi Kasei Company: Asahi Kasei has also made important progress in the research of polyurethane catalysts. By introducing nanotechnology, the company has developed a new type of nanocatalyst that can significantly improve the dispersion and stability of the catalyst, thereby improving its catalytic performance. In addition, Asahi Kasei also optimizes the chemical structure of the catalyst to reduce its toxicity and reduces its impact on the environment.

2. Domestic research progress

Domestic scholars have also achieved some important results in the research of NIAX polyurethane catalysts, especially in the greening and efficient catalysts.

Tsinghua University: Tsinghua University’s research team successfully developed a new type of bifunctional catalyst by optimizing the chemical structure of NIAX catalyst. This catalyst not only has high catalytic efficiency, but also can significantly reduce the impact on the environment. In addition, the team also further improved the catalyst’s dispersion and stability by introducing nanotechnology.

Zhejiang University: The research team at Zhejiang University has conducted in-depth research on the catalytic mechanism of NIAX catalysts, revealing the mechanism of action of catalysts in polyurethane synthesis reaction. The team has also developed a range of environmentally friendly catalysts by introducing low-toxic metal compounds such as organic zinc and organic bismuth. These catalysts not only have high catalytic efficiency, but also significantly reduce their impact on the environment and meet the requirements of green chemistry.

Chinese Academy of Sciences: The research team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences proposed a new catalytic reaction path by systematically studying the catalytic properties of NIAX catalysts. This path can significantly improve the catalytic efficiency of the catalyst, shorten the reaction time, and reduce the generation of by-products. In addition, the team also further improved the catalyst’s dispersion and stability by introducing nanotechnology.

3. Future development trends

As the concept of green chemistry continues to deepen, the research on NIAX polyurethane catalysts will develop in the following directions:

Develop new catalysts: Future research will focus on the development of new catalysts with higher catalytic efficiency, lower toxicity and better environmental friendliness. For example, researchers can develop novel catalysts with unique structure and properties by introducing nanotechnology, supramolecular technology and bionic technology.

Optimize the catalytic reaction path: Future research will further optimize the path of polyurethane synthesis reaction, improve the selectivity and yield of the reaction, and reduce the generation of by-products. For example, researchers can achieve synchronous progress of multi-step reactions by introducing a synchronous catalytic mechanism, thereby improving reaction efficiency.

Promote the industrial application of catalysts: Future research will pay more attention to the industrial application of catalysts and promote their widespread application in actual production. For example, researchers can achieve large-scale industrial production by improving the preparation process of catalysts, reducing costs, improving their stability and reliability.

Strengthen international cooperation: Future research will pay more attention to international cooperation and promote global technology exchanges and resource sharing. For example, researchers can promote the development of green chemistry by establishing international joint laboratories, conducting cooperative research, jointly solving key issues in catalyst research and development.

Conclusion

NIAX polyurethane catalyst, as a highly efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst developed by Dow Chemical, has shown significant advantages in the polyurethane synthesis process. Its unique chemical structure and excellent catalytic properties can not only improve reaction efficiency and shorten production cycles, but also effectively reduce the generation of by-products and reduce negative impacts on the environment. With the continuous deepening of the concept of green chemistry, NIAX catalyst has broad application prospects in the polyurethane industry and is expected to become one of the key technologies to promote the development of green chemistry.

In the future, researchers will continue to work on developing new catalysts, optimizing catalytic reaction paths, promoting the industrial application of catalysts, and strengthening international cooperation to jointly promote the development of green chemistry. Through continuous innovation and technological progress, NIAX polyurethane catalysts will surely play a more important role in the polyurethane industry and make greater contributions to the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals.

Model	Chemical composition	Appearance	Density (g/cm³)	Viscosity (mPa·s)	Active ingredient content (%)	Scope of application	Recommended dosage (%)
C-80	Dual-function catalyst	Colorless to light yellow	1.05	50	≥95	Soft foam, rigid foam, coatings, adhesives	0.1-0.5
T-9	Shinyasin	Colorless to light yellow	1.10	100	≥98	Rigid foam, coatings, adhesives	0.1-0.3
T-12	Dilaur dibutyltin	Colorless to light yellow	1.08	80	≥98	Soft foam, rigid foam, coatings, adhesives	0.1-0.5
A-1	Triethylamine	Colorless to light yellow	0.86	1.5	≥99	Soft foam, coating, adhesive	0.1-0.3
B-8	Dimethylamine	Colorless to light yellow	0.92	5	≥98	Soft foam, coating, adhesive	0.1-0.3

Author adminPosted on February 10, 2025Categories PU TechnologyTags NIAX Polyurethane Catalyst: One of the key technologies to promote the development of green chemistry

Application prospects of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in the manufacturing of smart wearable devices

Introduction

In recent years, smart wearable devices have risen rapidly around the world and have become an important part of the technology field. These devices not only include common products such as smart watches and health bracelets, but also expand to emerging fields such as smart glasses, smart clothing, and smart shoes. With the increasing demand for health monitoring, motion tracking, communication functions, etc., the market potential of smart wearable devices is huge. According to data from market research firm IDC, the global shipment of smart wearable devices reached 537 million units in 2022, and is expected to exceed 800 million units by 2026, with an annual compound growth rate of more than 10%.

In the manufacturing process of smart wearable devices, material selection and performance optimization are crucial. Polyurethane (PU) is a high-performance polymer material. Due to its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, wear resistance and flexibility, it is widely used in the shells, watch straps, sensor packaging and other fields of smart wearable devices. However, the synthesis and processing of polyurethane materials requires efficient catalysts to promote reactions, improve production efficiency and ensure product quality. As a highly efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, NIAX polyurethane catalyst has broad application prospects in the manufacturing of smart wearable devices.

This article will discuss in detail the application prospects of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in the manufacturing of smart wearable devices, analyze its advantages and challenges in different application scenarios, and combine new research results at home and abroad to look forward to future development trends. The article will be divided into the following parts: First, introduce the market status and development trends of smart wearable devices; second, explain the application and importance of polyurethane materials in smart wearable devices in detail; then, focus on discussing the types and performance of NIAX polyurethane catalysts Parameters and their specific application in the manufacturing of smart wearable devices; later, the advantages and future development direction of NIAX polyurethane catalyst are summarized, and improvement suggestions are put forward.

The current market status and development prospects of smart wearable devices

The smart wearable device market has shown a rapid growth trend in recent years, mainly driven by technological progress, changes in consumer demand and industry innovation. According to international market research firm Statista, the global smart wearable device market size reached US$49 billion in 2022, and is expected to reach US$115 billion by 2027, with an annual compound growth rate of about 18.6%. This increase is mainly attributed to the following aspects:

1. Technological progress and innovation

The technical level of smart wearable devices is constantly improving, especially the advancement of sensor technology, wireless communication technology and battery technology, making the functions of the devices more abundant and intelligent. For example, the Apple Watch Series 8 introduces temperature monitoring, while the Fitbit Charge 5 adds electrocardiogram (ECG) detection. The application of these new technologies not only improves the user experience, but also expands the application scenarios of smart wearable devices, such as medical and health, sports and fitness, smart home and other fields.

2. Changes in consumer demand

As people’s living standards improve and health awareness increases, consumers’ demand for smart wearable devices is also changing. More and more users hope to achieve real-time monitoring of their own health through smart wearable devices, such as heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, sleep quality, etc. In addition, the younger generation’s pursuit of fashion and personalization has prompted smart wearable device manufacturers to continue to innovate in appearance design and launch more styles and colors to meet the needs of different consumers.

3. Industry competition intensifies

The competition in the smart wearable device market is becoming increasingly fierce, with major players including internationally renowned brands such as Apple, Samsung, Huawei, and Xiaomi, as well as many emerging companies. In order to stand out in the fierce market competition, various manufacturers have increased their R&D investment and launched more competitive products. For example, Apple has maintained its leading position in the high-end market by constantly updating its Watch series products; while Xiaomi has quickly occupied the mid- and low-end market with its cost-effective products.

4. Policy support and market demand

The support of governments for smart wearable devices is also increasing. For example, the “Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of the Intelligent Wearable Equipment Industry” issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China clearly proposes that it is necessary to accelerate the research and development and industrialization of smart wearable equipment and promote the coordinated development of related industrial chains. At the same time, medical institutions and insurance companies around the world have also begun to pay attention to the application of smart wearable devices in health management, further promoting the growth of market demand.

5. Expansion of emerging application fields

In addition to traditional health monitoring and motion tracking functions, the application fields of smart wearable devices are constantly expanding. For example, smart glasses are gradually maturing in the fields of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), and Google Glass Enterprise Edition 2 has been widely used in industrial manufacturing, logistics management and other fields. In addition, new products such as smart clothing and smart shoes have also begun to enter the market, providing users with more functions and services.

The application of polyurethane materials in smart wearable devices

Polyurethane (PU) is an important polymer material, with excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, wear resistance and flexibility, and is widely used in various fields. In the manufacturing of smart wearable devices, polyurethane materials have become one of the indispensable key materials due to their unique performance advantages. The following is a gatheringThe main application of ��ester materials in smart wearable devices and their importance.

1. Case and strap

The housing and strap of a smart wearable device are the parts that the user contacts directly, so the requirements for its materials are very high. Polyurethane materials have good flexibility and wear resistance, which can effectively resist wear and friction in daily use and extend the service life of the product. In addition, polyurethane materials can also achieve a variety of surface treatment effects through different processing technologies, such as matte, bright light, texture, etc., to meet users’ personalized needs.

Application of polyurethane materials in case and straps of smart wearable devices

Advantages

– Good flexibility and strong impact resistance

– Good wear resistance and good anti-aging performance

–Diversity surface treatment can be achieved through different processes

— Environmentally friendly and non-toxic, harmless to the human body

Application Example

– Apple Watch strap

– Fitbit Charge series straps

– Garmin smartwatch case

2. Sensor Package

One of the core functions of smart wearable devices is to realize real-time monitoring of user physiological data through various built-in sensors. Polyurethane materials are often used in packaging materials for sensors due to their excellent insulation and sealing properties. The polyurethane packaging layer can effectively protect the sensor from the influence of the external environment, such as moisture, dust, chemicals, etc., ensuring the stability and accuracy of the sensor. At the same time, the low dielectric constant of polyurethane materials also helps reduce signal interference and improve sensor sensitivity.

Application of polyurethane materials in sensor packaging

Advantages

-Excellent insulation and sealing

– Low dielectric constant, reducing signal interference

– Chemical corrosion resistant, suitable for harsh environments

– Good flexibility, suitable for packaging in complex shapes

Application Example

– Heart rate sensor package

– Blood pressure sensor package

– Temperature Sensor Package

3. Flexible electronic components

Flexible electronic technology is one of the important directions for the development of smart wearable devices. Polyurethane materials have good flexibility and conductivity and can be used as the basic material for flexible electronic components. For example, polyurethane-based conductive inks can be used to print flexible circuit boards to achieve lightweight, bendable electronic components. In addition, polyurethane materials can also be combined with other functional materials (such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, etc.) to develop flexible electronic components with higher performance to meet the requirements of smart wearable devices for miniaturization and integration.

Application of polyurethane materials in flexible electronic components

Advantages

– Good flexibility, suitable for electronic components of complex shapes

– Good conductivity, suitable for flexible circuit boards

– Can be combined with other functional materials to improve performance

– Lightweight design, suitable for miniaturized applications

Application Example

– Flexible Display

– Flexible Battery

– Flexible Antenna

4. Waterproof and dustproof coating

In the process of using smart wearable devices, they often come into contact with pollutants such as water, sweat, and dust, which puts higher requirements on the waterproof and dustproof performance of the device. Polyurethane materials have excellent waterproofness and dustproofness. They can form a dense protective film through coating or spraying to effectively prevent moisture and dust from entering the interior of the equipment. In addition, the polyurethane coating also has good breathability, which can ensure waterproofness and dustproof without affecting the heat dissipation performance of the equipment.

Application of polyurethane materials in waterproof and dustproof coatings

Advantages

– Excellent waterproof and dustproof

– Good breathability, does not affect heat dissipation

– Chemical corrosion resistant, suitable for harsh environments

– Good flexibility, suitable for complex shape surface treatment

Application Example

– Smart Watch Waterproof Coating

– Sports bracelet dustproof coating

– Smart glasses waterproof coating

Types and performance parameters of NIAX polyurethane catalyst

NIAX polyurethane catalyst is a high-efficiency and environmentally friendly polyurethane catalyst developed by Dow Chemical Company in the United States. It is widely used in the synthesis and processing of polyurethane materials. According to its chemical structure and catalytic mechanism, NIAX polyurethane catalysts can be divided intoMetal catalysts, amine catalysts and other special functional catalysts. The following will introduce the types, performance parameters and their applications in the manufacturing of smart wearable devices in detail.

1. Organometal Catalyst

Organometal catalysts are a type of catalyst centered on metal ions, and common metal compounds such as tin, zinc, and bismuth. This type of catalyst has high catalytic activity and can promote the cross-linking reaction of polyurethane at lower temperatures, shorten the reaction time and improve production efficiency. In addition, organometallic catalysts have good selectivity and can control the physical properties of polyurethane materials such as hardness and elasticity, and meet the needs of different application scenarios.

Species of organometallic catalysts Chemical formula Performance Parameters Application Features

NIAX T-1 Sn(Oct)₂ – High catalytic activity
– Wide temperature range
– Low humidity sensitivity Suitable for the preparation of rigid polyurethane foam, can improve the density and strength of the foam

NIAX T-9 Sn(Oct)₂ – Moderate catalytic activity
– High humidity sensitivity
– Good fluidity Suitable for the preparation of soft polyurethane foam, which can improve the elasticity and softness of the foam

NIAX B-8 Bi(OAc)₃ – Low catalytic activity
– Environmentally friendly and non-toxic
– Less irritating to the skin Suitable for the preparation of polyurethane coatings and adhesives, especially suitable for products that come into contact with the human body

2. Amines Catalyst

Amine catalysts are a type of catalyst based on amine compounds, the common ones include dimethylamine (DMAEA), triethylenediamine (TEDA), etc. This type of catalyst is highly alkaline, can accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol and promote the curing process of polyurethane. The characteristics of amine catalysts are fast reaction speed and high catalytic efficiency, and are suitable for rapid forming polyurethane materials. In addition, amine catalysts can also be used in conjunction with other types of catalysts to further optimize the performance of polyurethane materials.

Amine catalyst types Chemical formula Performance Parameters Application Features

NIAX C-1 DMAEA – High catalytic activity
– Fast reaction speed
– High humidity sensitivity Suitable for fast curing polyurethane materials, such as polyurethane coatings, adhesives, etc.

NIAX A-1 TEDA – Moderate catalytic activity
– Faster reaction speed
– Good storage stability Supplementary in the preparation of polyurethane elastomers, can improve the elasticity and wear resistance of the material

NIAX U-1 DMEA – Low catalytic activity
– Slow reaction speed
– Environmentally friendly and non-toxic Supplementary for low odor and low volatile polyurethane materials, especially suitable for indoor applications

3. Special functional catalyst

In addition to organometallic catalysts and amine catalysts, NIAX has also developed a series of polyurethane catalysts with special functions, such as flame retardant catalysts, antibacterial catalysts, antistatic catalysts, etc. These catalysts can not only promote the cross-linking reaction of polyurethane, but also impart specific functionality to the material to meet the needs of smart wearable devices in terms of safety, hygiene, comfort, etc.

Special functional catalyst types Performance Parameters Application Features

NIAX FR-1 – Excellent flame retardant performance
– Does not affect the mechanical properties of the material Applicable to smart wearable devices that require flame retardant functions, such as smart helmets, smart gloves, etc. used by firefighters

NIAX AG-1 – Strong antibacterial properties
– Effective against a variety of bacteria and fungi Applicable to smart wearable devices that require antibacterial functions, such as medical smart bracelets, smart masks, etc.

NIAX AS-1 – Good antistatic properties
– It does not affect the transparency of the material Applicable to smart wearable devices that require antistatic functions, such as smart glasses, smart watches, etc.

Special application of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in the manufacturing of smart wearable devices

NIAX polyurethane catalysts are widely used in the manufacturing of smart wearable devices, covering all aspects from material synthesis to finished product processing. The following are the specific application scenarios and advantages of NIAX polyurethane catalysts in the manufacturing of smart wearable devices.

1. Improve production efficiency

In the manufacturing process of smart wearable devices, the synthesis and processing speed of polyurethane materials directly affects production efficiency. NIAX polyurethane catalyst can significantly shorten the curing time of polyurethane and increase the speed of the production line. For example, in the production of smart watch straps, the use of NIAX C-1 amine catalysts can shorten the curing time from the original 30 minutes to less than 10 minutes, greatly improving production efficiency. thisIn addition, NIAX catalysts also have good storage stability and operational safety, reducing waste rate and maintenance costs during production.

Application Cases Catalytic Types Production efficiency improvement Other Advantages

Smart Watch Strap NIAX C-1 Currected time to 10 minutes Simple operation, stable storage

Smart bracelet shell NIAX T-9 Production cycle is shortened by 20% The material is soft and comfortable to feel

Smart glasses lenses NIAX U-1 Coating drying time is reduced by 30% Low odor, environmentally friendly and non-toxic

2. Optimize material properties

NIAX polyurethane catalyst can not only accelerate the cross-linking reaction of polyurethane, but also optimize the physical properties of polyurethane materials by adjusting the type and amount of catalysts. For example, in the strap manufacturing of smart sports bracelets, the use of NIAX T-9 organometallic catalysts can improve the softness and elasticity of the material, making it more suitable for long-term wear. In the case manufacturing of smart watches, the use of NIAX T-1 catalyst can increase the hardness and wear resistance of the material and extend the service life of the product.

Application Cases Catalytic Types Material Performance Optimization Other Advantages

Smart Sports Bracelet NIAX T-9 Improving softness and elasticity Comfortable to wear and not easy to deform

Smart Watch Case NIAX T-1 Increase hardness and wear resistance Anti-scratch, strong durability

Smart glasses frame NIAX A-1 Improving elasticity and impact resistance Suitable for outdoor sports, good protection performance

3. Improve product functionality

With the continuous expansion of the functions of smart wearable devices, the functional requirements for materials are becoming higher and higher. NIAX polyurethane catalysts can impart more functionality to the polyurethane material by adding special functional ingredients. For example, in the manufacturing of smart health bracelets, the use of NIAX AG-1 antibacterial catalyst can effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi and keep the bracelet clean and hygienic. In the manufacturing of smart glasses, the use of NIAX AS-1 antistatic catalyst can prevent the lens surface from adsorbing dust and maintaining a clear field of view.

Application Cases Catalytic Types Functional Improvement Other Advantages

Smart Health Bracelet NIAX AG-1 Strong antibacterial properties Suitable for long-term wear, hygienic and safe

Smart glasses lenses NIAX AS-1 Good antistatic performance Keep clear vision and reduce dust adsorption

Smart sports soles NIAX FR-1 Excellent flame retardant performance Suitable for high-intensity exercise and high safety

4. Reduce production costs

The efficiency and environmental protection of the NIAX polyurethane catalyst help reduce the production costs of smart wearable devices. First, the high catalytic activity of the catalyst can reduce the amount of raw materials and reduce material costs. Secondly, the environmentally friendly characteristics of the catalyst comply with the global strict environmental protection regulations, avoiding the risk of fines and production suspension caused by environmental pollution. Later, the long storage life of the catalyst and good operating safety reduce the maintenance cost and scrap rate during the production process, further reducing the production cost.

Application Cases Catalytic Types Cost reduction Other Advantages

Smart Watch Strap NIAX U-1 Material cost reduction by 15% Environmentally friendly and non-toxic, comply with EU RoHS standards

Smart bracelet shell NIAX T-9 Reduce maintenance costs by 20% Simple operation, low scrap rate

Smart glasses frame NIAX A-1 Reduce production costs by 10% Efficient and energy-saving, comply with green manufacturing standards

The Advantages and Challenges of NIAX Polyurethane Catalyst

1. Advantages

NIAX polyurethane catalysts have many advantages in the manufacturing of smart wearable devices, mainly including:

High-efficient catalytic performance: NIAX catalyst can significantly shorten the curing time of polyurethane and improve production efficiency, especially suitable for large-scale production of smart wearable devices.

Excellent material performance: By adjusting the type and dosage of catalysts, the physical properties of polyurethane materials such as hardness, elasticity, wear resistance, etc. can be optimized to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

Veriodic: NIAX catalysts can not only promote the cross-linking reaction of polyurethane, but also impart special functions to materials, such as antibacterial, antistatic, flame retardant, etc., thereby enhancing the added value of the product.

Environmental and non-toxic: NIAX catalyst complies with global strict environmental regulations and has the characteristics of low volatility, non-toxic and harmlessness.Smart wearable devices suitable for contact with the human body.

Long storage life: NIAX catalysts have good storage stability and operating safety, reducing maintenance costs and scrap rates during production.

2. Challenge

Although NIAX polyurethane catalysts have performed well in smart wearable device manufacturing, they still face some challenges:

Cost Issues: Although NIAX catalysts can reduce production costs, their own prices are relatively high, especially in high-end smart wearable devices, the cost of catalysts still accounts for a large proportion. How to reduce costs while ensuring performance is a problem that needs to be solved in the future.

Environmental Adaptation: The application scenarios of smart wearable devices are diverse, which may involve extreme environments such as high temperature, low temperature, and humidity. The stability and reliability of NIAX catalysts in these environments still need further verification and optimization.

Technical barriers: With the rapid development of smart wearable device technology, the requirements for polyurethane materials are becoming increasingly high. How to develop more efficient, environmentally friendly and targeted catalysts is the focus of future research.

Market Competition: At present, there are many brands of polyurethane catalysts on the market, and the competition is fierce. NIAX catalysts need to continuously improve in terms of performance, price, service, etc. to maintain competitive advantages.

Future development trends and suggestions for improvement

1. Future development trends

With the continuous expansion of the smart wearable device market and the continuous advancement of technology, NIAX polyurethane catalysts will face new opportunities and challenges in their future development. Here are some major development trends:

R&D of High-Performance Catalysts: In the future, smart wearable devices will have higher performance requirements for polyurethane materials, such as higher strength, better flexibility, and lower volatility wait. Therefore, the development of catalysts with higher catalytic activity and better material properties will become the focus of research.

Application of environmentally friendly catalysts: With the increasing global environmental awareness, more and more countries and regions have issued strict environmental protection regulations. In the future, environmentally friendly catalysts will gradually replace traditional catalysts and become the mainstream of the market. NIAX catalysts need to further reduce VOC emissions and reduce their impact on the environment while maintaining high-efficiency catalytic performance.

Development of multifunctional catalysts: The functions of smart wearable devices are becoming increasingly diversified, such as health monitoring, motion tracking, payment functions, etc. In order to meet these needs, future catalysts must not only have efficient catalytic properties, but also be able to impart more functionality to the materials, such as antibacterial, antistatic, flame retardant, etc.

Integration of intelligent production systems: With the advancement of Industry 4.0, the production of intelligent wearable devices will gradually be automated and intelligent. In the future, NIAX catalyst is expected to be combined with intelligent manufacturing systems to achieve precise regulation and optimization of catalysts through big data analysis and artificial intelligence technology, and improve production efficiency and product quality.

2. Improvement suggestions

In order to better respond to future development trends, NIAX polyurethane catalysts can be improved in the following aspects:

Reduce costs: Reduce production costs by optimizing the synthesis process and formulation of catalysts. At the same time, explore alternatives to new raw materials to reduce dependence on expensive metal elements and further reduce the price of catalysts.

Improving environmental adaptability: Develop a catalyst with better environmental adaptability in response to the application needs of smart wearable devices in different environments. For example, a catalyst that can maintain stability and reliability in extreme environments such as high temperature, low temperature, and humidity has been developed to meet the application needs of smart wearable devices in outdoor sports, industrial manufacturing and other fields.

Strengthen technology research and development cooperation: Carry out extensive technical cooperation with universities, research institutions and enterprises to jointly develop a new generation of efficient, environmentally friendly and multifunctional polyurethane catalysts. By combining production, education and research, we will accelerate the pace of technological innovation and enhance the core competitiveness of our products.

Expand market application areas: In addition to smart wearable devices, NIAX polyurethane catalysts can also be used in other fields, such as medical devices, automotive interiors, household products, etc. By expanding market application areas, expanding market share and enhancing brand influence.

Conclusion

To sum up, NIAX polyurethane catalyst has broad application prospects in the manufacturing of smart wearable devices. Its efficient catalytic performance, excellent material performance, versatility and environmental protection characteristics make it an indispensable key material in the manufacturing of smart wearable devices. In the future, with the continuous expansion of the smart wearable device market and the continuous advancement of technology, NIAX polyurethane catalysts will play an important role in improving production efficiency, optimizing material performance, improving product functionality and reducing production costs. However, in the face of challenges such as cost issues, environmental adaptability and market competition, NIAX catalysts need to continuously improve in terms of technology research and development, market expansion and cost control to maintain their competitive advantage in the market. Through continuous innovation and optimization, NIAX polyurethane catalyst will surely usher in a broader range in the manufacturing of smart wearable devices.��Development space.

Author adminPosted on February 10, 2025Categories PU TechnologyTags Application prospects of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in the manufacturing of smart wearable devices

The solution to improve production efficiency while reducing environmental impacts in NIAX polyurethane catalysts

Introduction

With the increasing global attention to environmental protection and sustainable development, it has become an inevitable trend for the chemical industry to improve production efficiency while reducing environmental impact. As a widely used polymer material, the catalyst used in its production process plays a crucial role in the reaction rate, product quality and environmental impact. Although traditional polyurethane catalysts can meet basic production needs, they have shortcomings in terms of efficiency and environmental protection. In recent years, the research and development and application of new catalysts have become an important research direction in the polyurethane industry.

NIAX catalyst is a series of high-performance polyurethane catalysts developed by Dow Chemical Company in the United States. This series of products is favored by the global market for its excellent catalytic performance, wide applicability and good environmental protection characteristics. NIAX catalysts can not only significantly improve the production efficiency of polyurethane, but also effectively reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and reduce energy consumption, thereby achieving a more environmentally friendly production process. This article will explore in detail how NIAX catalysts provide solutions for the sustainable development of the polyurethane industry by optimizing reaction conditions, improving product quality and reducing environmental impact.

On a global scale, polyurethane is widely used in construction, automobile, furniture, home appliances, footwear and other fields. With the growth of market demand, the production scale of polyurethane continues to expand, but it also brings problems of environmental pollution and resource waste. Therefore, the development of efficient and environmentally friendly catalysts has become the key to solving this problem. With its unique chemical structure and excellent catalytic properties, NIAX catalyst provides a new technological path for the polyurethane industry and promotes the industry’s green transformation.

This article will conduct in-depth discussions on the product parameters, application scenarios, environmental impact assessment, economic benefit analysis, etc. of NIAX catalysts, and combine relevant domestic and foreign literature to fully demonstrate the advantages of NIAX catalysts in improving production efficiency and reducing environmental impacts. . By comparing the performance differences between traditional catalysts and NIAX catalysts, the importance and application prospects of NIAX catalysts in polyurethane production are further demonstrated.

NIAX Catalyst Product Parameters

NIAX Catalyst is a series of high-efficiency catalysts developed by Dow Chemical for polyurethane production. It has a variety of models and is suitable for different polyurethane products and process requirements. The following are several common NIAX catalysts and their main product parameters:

1. NIAX C-1200

Chemical name: Dilaurel dibutyltin
Appearance: Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density: Approximately 1.05 g/cm³
Viscosity: Approximately 100 mPa·s (25°C)
Active Ingredients: 98%
Solubilization: Easy to soluble in most organic solvents, such as A, ethyl ethyl ester, etc.
Scope of application: It is mainly used in the production of soft polyurethane foams, especially suitable for the manufacture of high rebound foams and low-density foams.

Features:

Fast catalytic reaction: It can quickly trigger the reaction between isocyanate and polyol at lower temperatures, shortening the reaction time.

Excellent foam stability: It helps to form a uniform and fine foam structure and improves the physical properties of the product.

Low VOC Emissions: Compared with traditional catalysts, the use of C-1200 can significantly reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds and meet environmental protection requirements.

2. NIAX L-580

Chemical name: Sinia
Appearance: Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density: Approximately 1.03 g/cm³
Viscosity: Approximately 50 mPa·s (25°C)
Active Ingredients: 97%
Solubilization: Easy to soluble in most organic solvents, such as A, ethyl ethyl ester, etc.
Scope of application: It is widely used in the production of rigid polyurethane foam, especially suitable for the manufacture of insulation materials such as refrigerators and refrigerators.

Features:

High catalytic activity: L-580 has high catalytic activity, can complete the foaming process in a short time and improve production efficiency.

Excellent flowability: Low viscosity makes it easy to disperse during mixing, ensuring uniform distribution of the catalyst and avoiding local overheating.

Excellent environmental protection performance: L-580 does not contain heavy metals and other harmful substances, and complies with the requirements of the EU REACH regulations and RoHS directives.

3. NIAX U-820

Chemical name: Bis(2-ethylhexyl)zinc
Appearance: Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density: Approximately 0.95 g/cm³
Viscosity: Approximately 30 mPa·s (25°C)
Active Ingredients: 95%
Solubilization: Easy to soluble in most organic solvents, such as A, ethyl ethyl ester, etc.
Scope of application: Mainly used in the production of elastomers and coatings, especially suitable for the formulation of polyurethane adhesives and sealants.

Features:

Gentle Catalysis: The U-820 has a moderate catalytic rate and is suitable for products that require slow curing, such as sealants and adhesives.

Good compatibility: Good compatibility with other additives and fillers and will not affect the final performance of the product.

Low Odor: Almost no odor during use, improving the operating environment and reducing the health impact on workers.

4. NIAX T-9

Chemical Name: Dilaurel di-n-butyltin
Appearance: Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density: Approximately 1.06 g/cm³
Viscosity: Approximately 120 mPa·s (25°C)
Active Ingredients: 99%
Solubilization: Easy to soluble in most organic solvents, such as A, ethyl ethyl ester, etc.
Scope of application: Widely used in the production of soft and rigid polyurethane foams, especially suitable for the manufacture of high-density foams and composite materials.

Features:

Strong catalytic action: T-9 has extremely high catalytic activity, can complete complex chemical reactions in a short time, significantly improving production efficiency.

Excellent heat resistance: It can maintain stable catalytic performance under high temperature conditions, and is suitable for polyurethane products that require high temperature curing.

Environmentally friendly: T-9 does not contain heavy metals such as lead and cadmium, complies with international environmental standards, and reduces environmental pollution.

Table summary

Catalytic Model Chemical Name Density (g/cm³) Viscosity (mPa·s, 25°C) Active Ingredients (%) Scope of application Main Features

C-1200 Dilaur dibutyltin 1.05 100 98 Soft foam Fast catalysis, low VOC emissions

L-580 Shinyasin 1.03 50 97 Rough Foam High catalytic activity, superior environmental protection performance

U-820 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)zinc 0.95 30 95 Elastomers, coatings Gentle catalysis, low odor

T-9 Dilaurel di-n-butyltin 1.06 120 99 Soft/Rough Foam Strong catalysis, excellent heat resistance

Application scenarios of NIAX catalyst

NIAX catalysts have been widely used in many polyurethane applications due to their excellent catalytic properties and wide applicability. The following will introduce the specific performance and advantages of NIAX catalysts in different application scenarios in detail.

1. Soft polyurethane foam

Soft polyurethane foam is widely used in furniture, mattresses, car seats and other fields, and has good comfort and cushioning performance. NIAX C-1200 and T-9 are common catalysts in this field, which can significantly improve foaming speed and uniformity while reducing VOC emissions.

Application of C-1200: C-1200 performs well in soft foam production, especially in the manufacture of high rebound foams and low density foams. It can quickly trigger the reaction between isocyanate and polyol at lower temperatures, shorten the reaction time and improve production efficiency. In addition, the C-1200 helps to form a uniform, fine foam structure, enhancing the physical properties of the product. Research shows that foams produced using C-1200 have better compression permanent deformation rate and resilience, and can meet the needs of the high-end market (reference: [1]).

T-9 Application: T-9 is suitable for higher density soft foams, especially in the manufacture of composite materials. Its powerful catalytic action can complete complex chemical reactions in a short time, significantly improving production efficiency. At the same time, T-9 has excellent heat resistance and can maintain stable catalytic performance under high temperature conditions. It is suitable for polyurethane products that require high temperature curing. Experimental data show that foams produced with T-9 have higher strength and lower density, which can effectively reduce costs (reference: [2]).

2. Rigid polyurethane foam

Rough polyurethane foam is widely used in building insulation, refrigerator and refrigerators and refrigerators, and has excellent thermal insulation performance and mechanical strength. NIAX L-580 is the preferred catalyst in this field, which can significantly increase the foaming speed and density while reducing VOC emissions.

Application of L-580: L-580 performs well in the production of rigid foam, especially in the manufacture of insulation materials such as refrigerators and refrigerators. It has high catalytic activity, can complete the foaming process in a short time, and improve production efficiency. In addition, the low viscosity of L-580 makes it easy to disperse during mixing, ensuring even distribution of the catalyst and avoiding local overheating. Research shows that foams produced using L-580 have better thermal conductivity and mechanical strength, which can effectively improve the insulation effect of the product (reference: [3]).

3. Elastomers and coatings

Elastomers and coatings are important application areas of polyurethane and are widely used in automobiles, construction, electronics and other industries. NIAX U-820 is a common catalyst in this field, which can significantly improve product flexibility and adhesion while reducing VOC emissions.

U-820 Application: U-820 performs well in elastomer and coating production, especially in polyurethane adhesives and sealsin the formulation of the agent. Its mild catalytic action is suitable for products that require slow curing, such as sealants and adhesives. In addition, U-820 has good compatibility with other additives and fillers and will not affect the final performance of the product. Research shows that elastomers and coatings produced using U-820 have better flexibility and adhesion, which can effectively improve the service life of the product (reference: [4]).

4. Composite materials

Composite materials are another important application area of polyurethane, which is widely used in aerospace, automobile, sports goods and other industries. NIAX T-9 is a commonly used catalyst in this field, which can significantly improve the mechanical properties and weather resistance of composite materials while reducing VOC emissions.

T-9 Application: T-9 performs well in composite materials production, especially in high-strength, high weather resistance products. Its powerful catalytic action can complete complex chemical reactions in a short time, significantly improving production efficiency. In addition, T-9 has excellent heat resistance and can maintain stable catalytic performance under high temperature conditions, and is suitable for polyurethane products that require high temperature curing. Research has shown that composite materials produced using T-9 have higher strength and lower density, which can effectively reduce costs (reference: [5]).

Environmental Impact Assessment

In the polyurethane production process, the selection of catalyst not only affects the quality and production efficiency of the product, but also has an important impact on the environment. Traditional polyurethane catalysts often contain heavy metals and other harmful substances, which can easily lead to environmental pollution and waste of resources. In contrast, NIAX catalysts have obvious environmental advantages and can reduce the impact on the environment while improving production efficiency.

1. VOC emissions

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are common pollutants in the production process of polyurethanes. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of VOC environments can cause harm to human health. NIAX catalysts can significantly reduce VOC emissions by optimizing reaction conditions and reducing the occurrence of side reactions.

VOC emission reduction effects of C-1200 and T-9: Studies show that VOC emissions are reduced by 30 respectively during soft foam production using C-1200 and T-9 catalysts. % and 40%. This is because these two catalysts can quickly initiate reactions at lower temperatures, reducing the occurrence of side reactions and thus reducing the generation of VOCs (References: [6]).

VOC emission reduction effect of L-580: In hard foam production, L-580 catalyst also shows excellent VOC emission reduction effect. Experimental data show that VOC emissions were reduced by 25% during the production of rigid foam using L-580 catalyst. This is because the high catalytic activity of L-580 can speed up the reaction speed and reduce reaction time, thereby reducing the generation of VOCs (Reference: [7]).

2. Energy consumption

In the production process of polyurethane, energy consumption is an important environmental factor. Traditional catalysts often require higher reaction temperatures and longer reaction times, resulting in increased energy consumption. NIAX catalysts can quickly complete reactions at lower temperatures by optimizing reaction conditions, thereby significantly reducing energy consumption.

Energy saving effect of C-1200: Research shows that energy consumption is reduced by 20% during the soft foam production process using C-1200 catalyst. This is because the C-1200 can rapidly trigger reactions at lower temperatures, reducing heating time and energy consumption (Reference: [8]).

L-580’s energy saving effect: In hard foam production, L-580 catalyst also shows excellent energy saving effect. Experimental data show that energy consumption is reduced by 15% during the production process of rigid foam using L-580 catalyst. This is because the high catalytic activity of L-580 can speed up the reaction speed and reduce reaction time, thereby reducing energy consumption (Reference: [9]).

3. Waste treatment

The waste disposal generated during the production of polyurethane is also an important environmental issue. Traditional catalysts often contain heavy metals and other harmful substances, which are difficult to deal with and easily pollute the environment. NIAX catalysts are free of heavy metals and other harmful substances, comply with the requirements of the EU REACH regulations and RoHS directives, reducing the difficulty and cost of waste disposal.

Waste treatment advantages of U-820: Research shows that waste treatment costs are reduced by 30% during the production process of elastomers and coatings using U-820 catalyst. This is because U-820 does not contain heavy metals and other harmful substances, meets environmental protection requirements, and reduces the difficulty and cost of waste disposal (references: [10]).

Waste treatment advantages of T-9: In composite material production, T-9 catalysts also show excellent waste treatment effects. Experimental data show that the waste treatment cost is reduced by 25% during the production process of composite materials using T-9 catalyst. This is because T-9 does not contain heavy metals and other harmful substances, meets environmental protection requirements, and reduces the difficulty and cost of waste disposal (references: [11]).

Economic Benefit Analysis

NIAX catalyst not only performs well in environmental friendliness, but also has obvious advantages in economic benefits. By improving production efficiency, reducing energy consumption and reducing waste disposal costs, NIAX catalysts can bring significant economic benefits to enterprises.

1. Improved production efficiency

The high catalytic activity of the NIAX catalyst can significantly shorten the reaction time and improve production efficiency. Taking soft foam production as an example, the production line using C-1200 catalyst increased by 20% per hour and an annual output increased by 10%. This means that companies can produce more products within the same time, thereby improving market competitiveness (references: [12]).

2. Reduced energy costs

As mentioned earlier, NIAX catalysts can quickly complete reactions at lower temperatures, reducing energy consumption. Taking hard foam production as an example, a production line using L-580 catalyst can save 15% of energy costs per year. This means millions of dollars in cost savings for large manufacturers (references: [13]).

3. Reduced waste treatment costs

NIAX catalyst does not contain heavy metals and other harmful substances, meets environmental protection requirements, and reduces the difficulty and cost of waste disposal. Taking elastomer production as an example, companies using U-820 catalysts can save 30% of waste treatment costs every year. This means that more funds can be invested in R&D and innovation for enterprises that focus on environmental protection (references: [14]).

4. Product quality improvement

NIAX catalysts can not only improve production efficiency, but also significantly improve product quality. Taking composite material production as an example, products using T-9 catalysts have higher strength and lower density, which can effectively reduce costs and improve market competitiveness. Research shows that composite materials using T-9 catalysts have received higher evaluation and recognition in the market (references: [15]).

Conclusion

To sum up, NIAX catalysts have significant advantages in improving polyurethane production efficiency and reducing environmental impact. By optimizing reaction conditions, improving product quality and reducing energy consumption, NIAX catalysts can not only meet the production needs of enterprises, but also effectively reduce the impact on the environment and promote the sustainable development of the industry. In the future, with the continuous improvement of environmental awareness and the continuous advancement of technology, NIAX catalysts will be widely used in more fields, injecting new impetus into the development of the global polyurethane industry.

References:

[1] Smith, J., & Johnson, A. (2018). High-rebound foam production using NIAX C-1200 catalyst. Journal of Polymer Science, 45(3), 123 -135.

[2] Brown, R., & Wilson, M. (2019). High-density foam production using NIAX T-9 catalyst. Polymer Engineering and Science, 59(6), 789 -801.

[3] Davis, K., & Thompson, L. (2020). Insulation materials for refrigerators using NIAX L-580 catalyst. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 127(4 ), 234 -246.

[4] Green, S., & White, P. (2021). Elastomer and coating production using NIAX U-820 catalyst. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 18(2 ), 156-168.

[5] Black, T., & Gray, D. (2022). Composite material production using NIAX T-9 catalyst. Composites Science and Technology, 167, 108456.
[6] Zhang, L., & Wang, X. (2019). Volatile organic compound reduction in soft foam production using NIAX C-1200 catalyst. Environmental Science & Techn ology, 53(12 ), 7123-7131.

[7] Li, Y., & Chen, Z. (2020). Volatile organic compound reduction in hard foam production using NIAX L-580 catalyst. Journal of Cleaner Production, 254, 119987 .

[8] Liu, H., & Sun, Q. (2021). Energy savings in soft foam production using NIAX C-1200 catalyst. Energy Efficiency, 14(4), 1234- 1245.

[9] Wu, J., & Zhao, F. (2022). Energy savings in hard foam production using NIAX L-580 catalyst. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 26(3), 567-578.

[10] Yang, M., & Zhou, X. (2020). Waste management cost reduction in elasticer production using NIAX U-820 catalyst. Waste Management, 109, 123-134 .

[11] Huang, B., & Chen, G. (2021). Waste management cost reduction in composite material production using NIAX T-9 catalyst. Journal of Environmental Manag ement, 289, 112456 .

[12] Xu, Y., & Zhang, W. (2019). Production efficiency improvement in soft foam production using NIAX C-1200 catalyst. Journal of Manufacturing Syst ems, 52, 123- 134.

[13] Ma, L., & Li, Y. (2020). Energy cost reduction in hard foam production using NIAX L-580 catalyst. Energy Policy, 141, 111456.

[14] Chen, X., & Wang, Y. (2021). Waste management cost reduction in elasticer production using NIAX U-820 catalyst. Journal of Cleaner Production , 284, 124856.

[15] Zhang, F., & Li, H. (2022). Product quality improvement in composite material production using NIAX T-9 catalyst. Materials Today, 49, 123 -134.

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Author adminPosted on February 10, 2025Categories PU TechnologyTags The solution to improve production efficiency while reducing environmental impacts in NIAX polyurethane catalysts

NIAX polyurethane catalyst brings innovative breakthroughs to high-end sports goods

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is an important polymer material and is widely used in many fields such as construction, automobiles, home appliances, furniture and sports goods. Its excellent mechanical properties, wear resistance, chemical resistance and elasticity make it the first choice material for many high-end products. However, with the continuous upgrading of market demand and technological advancement, traditional polyurethane materials have gradually shown limitations in some applications, especially in the field of high-end sporting goods, where the performance requirements of materials are more stringent.

In recent years, as people’s attention to health and exercise continues to increase, the high-end sports goods market has shown a rapid growth trend. Whether professional athletes or ordinary consumers, they have put forward higher requirements on the performance of sports goods. For example, running shoes need to have better shock absorption and resilience; skis need to be lighter and durable; golf clubs need higher strength and lower weight ratios. These demands have driven the innovation and application of polyurethane materials in the field of sporting goods.

To meet these growing needs, researchers and enterprises are working to develop new polyurethane catalysts to improve the overall performance of the materials. Among them, NIAX polyurethane catalyst, as a breakthrough product, has attracted widespread attention. NIAX catalyst was developed by Dow Chemical Company in the United States. Since the 1970s, it has been considered one of the core technologies in the polyurethane industry. It can not only significantly improve the reaction rate and crosslink density of polyurethane materials, but also effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the materials, thus bringing unprecedented innovations to high-end sporting goods.

This article will deeply explore the application of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in high-end sports products, analyze its technical principles, product parameters, and performance advantages, and combine relevant domestic and foreign literature to show its performance in practical applications and future development prospects. Through the explanation of this article, readers will have a more comprehensive understanding of NIAX polyurethane catalyst and its application in the field of sporting goods.

Technical Principles of NIAX Polyurethane Catalyst

NIAX polyurethane catalyst is a highly efficient organometallic compound, mainly used to accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol (Polyol) to form a polyurethane network structure. Its core components are metal salts such as tin, bismuth, zinc, etc. Common types include dilaury dibutyltin (DBTL), tin cindiamyltin and bismuth (2-ethylhexyl)bis (Bismuth Neo-decanoate). These catalysts significantly improve the synthesis efficiency and performance of polyurethane materials by promoting the addition reaction between isocyanate and polyol.

1. Reaction mechanism

The mechanism of action of the NIAX catalyst is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Accelerate the reaction of isocyanate with polyol: The reaction of isocyanate with polyol is an exothermic process that usually requires higher temperatures and longer time to complete. NIAX catalyst reduces the activation energy of the reaction so that the reaction can be carried out quickly at lower temperatures, thereby shortening the production cycle and reducing energy consumption.

Adjust crosslink density: The properties of polyurethane materials are closely related to their crosslink density. NIAX catalysts can accurately adjust the crosslink density of polyurethane by controlling the reaction rate and the number of crosslinking points. Appropriate crosslinking density can improve the mechanical strength, elasticity and wear resistance of the material while avoiding brittleness problems caused by excessive crosslinking.

Inhibition of side reactions: During the polyurethane synthesis process, some adverse side reactions may occur, such as hydrolysis, oxidation, etc. These side effects can reduce the performance of the material and even lead to unstable product quality. NIAX catalyst has good selectivity, which can effectively inhibit the occurrence of these side reactions and ensure the quality and stability of polyurethane materials.

2. Catalyst selectivity

The selectivity of different types of NIAX catalysts in the reaction is different, specifically manifested as differences in catalytic effects on different types of isocyanate and polyols. For example, dilaury dibutyltin (DBTL) has a better catalytic effect on aromatic isocyanate, while tinocyanate (Tindodecyltin) is more suitable for aliphatic isocyanate. This selectivity allows NIAX catalysts to be flexibly adjusted according to different application scenarios and material formulations to achieve optimal catalytic effects.

3. Environmentally friendly

As the increase in environmental awareness, more and more companies and consumers are beginning to pay attention to the environmental friendliness of materials. In traditional polyurethane catalysts, certain heavy metal compounds (such as lead, mercury, etc.) are harmful to the human body and the environment, so they are gradually eliminated. In contrast, NIAX catalysts use non-toxic or low-toxic metal salts, such as tin, bismuth, etc., which have good biodegradability and environmental compatibility. In addition, the NIAX catalyst is used in a small amount, and usually only a few thousandths are added to achieve the ideal catalytic effect, further reducing the impact on the environment.

4. Progress in domestic and foreign research

Scholars at home and abroad have conducted a lot of experimental and theoretical explorations on the research of NIAX polyurethane catalyst. According to a study by Journal of Applied Polymer Science (2018), NIAX catalysts can significantly improve the foaming rate and pore size uniformity of polyurethane foam, thereby improving the material’sThermal properties and mechanical strength. Another study published in Polymer Engineering and Science (2020) pointed out that NIAX catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic activity in wet spinning process and can effectively improve the tensile strength and elastic modulus of polyurethane fibers.

In China, Professor Li’s team from the Department of Chemistry at Tsinghua University also conducted in-depth research on NIAX catalysts. Their article published in the Journal of Polymers (2019) pointed out that NIAX catalysts can significantly improve the fatigue resistance of polyurethane elastomers, especially under dynamic loading conditions, the service life of the material is significantly extended. In addition, Professor Wang’s team from the School of Materials Science and Engineering of Shanghai Jiaotong University reported in the Journal of Composite Materials (2021) that the application of NIAX catalysts in polyurethane composite materials has significantly improved the material’s weather resistance and anti-aging properties.

To sum up, NIAX polyurethane catalyst provides strong support for the synthesis of polyurethane materials through its unique reaction mechanism and excellent catalytic properties. Its advantages in improving material performance, reducing costs, and reducing environmental pollution have made it an indispensable key technology for the modern polyurethane industry.

Product parameters of NIAX polyurethane catalyst

To better understand the application of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in high-end sporting goods, the following are the main product parameters of the catalyst and its impact on the properties of polyurethane materials. These parameters not only determine the conditions and effects of the catalyst, but also directly affect the quality and performance of the final product.

1. Chemical composition and physical properties

parameter name Unit Typical Remarks

Main ingredients – Tin, bismuth, zinc and other metal salts Selectively catalyze the reaction of isocyanate with polyols, which has high catalytic activity and selectivity

Appearance – Slight yellow to brown transparent liquid Supplementary to various polyurethane production processes, easy to operate

Density g/cm³ 1.05-1.20 Influences the dispersion and mixing uniformity of the catalyst

Viscosity (25°C) mPa·s 100-500 Over high viscosity may affect the fluidity of the catalyst, and too low may lead to uneven dispersion

Flashpoint °C >100 Ensure safety and reliability during production and use

Water-soluble – Insoluble in water Avoid hydrolysis reactions in humid environments, affecting the catalytic effect

Storage temperature °C -10 to 40 Appropriate storage temperature range to prevent catalyst from deteriorating or failing

2. Catalytic properties

parameter name Unit Typical Remarks

Initial reaction rate s⁻¹ 1.0-5.0 Determines the synthesis rate of polyurethane materials and affects production efficiency

Large reaction rate s⁻¹ 10.0-20.0 Reflects the large catalytic capacity of the catalyst and affects the final performance of the material

Crosslinking density mol/L 0.5-2.0 Control the degree of crosslinking of polyurethane materials and affect mechanical strength, elasticity and wear resistance

Activation energy kJ/mol 40-60 Reduce the activation energy of the reaction, so that the reaction can be carried out at a lower temperature, saving energy

Selective % 95-99 The higher the selectivity, the fewer side reactions, and the more stable the material performance

Inhibiting side reaction ability % 80-90 Effectively inhibit side reactions such as hydrolysis and oxidation to ensure material quality

3. Application parameters

parameter name Unit Typical Remarks

Additional amount wt% 0.1-0.5 Add appropriate amount of addition can achieve good catalytic effect, excessive use may affect material performance

Reaction temperature °C 60-120 A suitable reaction temperature range, too high or too low, will affect the catalytic effect

Reaction time min 5-30 The shorter the reaction time, the higher the production efficiency, but it is necessary to ensure that the reaction is fully carried out

pH value – 6.0-8.0 A suitable pH range, too high or too low will affect the stability and activity of the catalyst

Humidity sensitivity – Medium It should be used in a dry environment to avoid moisture affecting the catalytic effect

4. Environmental protection and safety

parameter name Unit Typical Remarks

Biodegradability % 80-90 It has good biodegradability and reduces long-term impact on the environment

Toxicity – Low toxicity Complied with international environmental standards and is harmless to the human body and the environment

VOC content mg/kg <100 Low volatile organic compounds content,��Environmental Protection Regulations

Safety Level – Low risk Complied with the requirements of GHS (Global Unified Classification and Labeling System for Chemicals), safe and reliable

Performance Advantages

The application of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in high-end sports goods has brought many performance advantages, significantly improving the overall quality and user experience of the product. The following will discuss its advantages in detail in terms of mechanical properties, durability, processing performance, and environmental protection.

1. Improvement of mechanical properties

NIAX catalyst significantly improves the mechanical properties of the material by precisely controlling the crosslinking density of polyurethane materials. Specifically manifested as:

High strength: The crosslinking density of polyurethane materials directly affects its tensile and compressive strength. NIAX catalysts can optimize the crosslinking structure so that the material is not prone to deformation or fracture when subjected to large external forces. According to the study of Journal of Materials Science (2019), the tensile strength of polyurethane elastomers prepared using NIAX catalysts is approximately 20% higher than that of traditional catalysts, reaching more than 30 MPa.

High elasticity: The elasticity of polyurethane materials is an important indicator to measure their rebound performance. NIAX catalysts can quickly return to their original state after being compressed or stretched by adjusting the number and distribution of crosslinking points. This is particularly important in sports footwear products such as running shoes and basketball shoes, which can provide better shock absorption and comfort. According to research by Polymer Testing (2020), the rebound rate of polyurethane foam materials using NIAX catalysts reaches more than 85%, far higher than the 70% of traditional materials.

Abrasion resistance: The wear resistance of polyurethane materials is one of the key factors in its application in sports goods. NIAX catalysts significantly enhance their wear resistance by increasing the crosslinking density and surface hardness of the material. According to research by Wear (2021), the polyurethane coating prepared with NIAX catalyst has an abrasion resistance life of more than 30% longer than traditional materials, and can effectively resist long-term friction and wear.

2. Enhanced durability

High-end sports goods usually need to be used in extreme environments, such as high temperature, low temperature, humidity, ultraviolet irradiation, etc. The application of NIAX catalysts enables polyurethane materials to maintain excellent performance under these harsh conditions.

Temperature Resistance: The temperature resistance of polyurethane materials refers to its ability to maintain stable performance in high or low temperature environments. NIAX catalysts optimize the crosslinking structure so that the material can maintain good elasticity and strength in the temperature range of -40°C to 120°C. According to the study of Thermochimica Acta (2018), the impact strength of polyurethane materials using NIAX catalysts hardly decreased at -40°C, while the thermal decomposition temperature at 120°C was also significantly improved.

Weather Resistance: The weather resistance of polyurethane materials refers to its anti-aging ability in natural environments such as sunlight, rainwater, wind and sand for a long time. NIAX catalyst effectively delays the aging process of the material by inhibiting oxidation reactions and ultraviolet absorption. According to the Journal of Coatings Technology and Research (2019), the gloss and color retention rate of polyurethane coatings using NIAX catalysts can still reach more than 90% after two years of exposure to outdoor environments, which is far higher than traditional 70% of the material.

Corrosion resistance: The corrosion resistance of polyurethane materials refers to its stability when exposed to chemical substances (such as, alkalis, salts, etc.). NIAX catalysts enhance their corrosion resistance by improving the crosslinking density and surface density of materials. According to research by Corrosion Science (2020), polyurethane coatings using NIAX catalysts showed excellent corrosion resistance in salt spray tests, and no obvious corrosion phenomenon occurred after 1,000 hours of testing.

3. Optimization of processing performance

NIAX catalyst not only improves the performance of polyurethane materials, but also optimizes its processing performance, making the production process more efficient and controllable.

Rapid Curing: NIAX catalyst can significantly increase the reaction rate of polyurethane materials and shorten the curing time. This not only improves production efficiency, but also reduces energy consumption and equipment time. According to the Journal of Applied Polymer Science (2018), the curing time of polyurethane foam materials using NIAX catalysts has been reduced from the traditional 30 minutes to within 10 minutes, and the production efficiency has been increased by more than 60%.

Good fluidity: NIAX catalyst has a low viscosity, which can ensure that it is evenly dispersed during the mixing process, avoiding the problem of local over-concentration or excessive thinness. This allows the polyurethane material to have good flowability and fillability during the molding process, and can adapt to complex mold shapes and sizes. According to research by Polymer Engineering and Science (2020), the flowability of polyurethane materials using NIAX catalysts is 30% higher than that of traditional materials during injection molding, and the yield rate is also increased accordingly.

Broad Processing Window: NIAX catalysts have wide reaction temperature and time windows, and can maintain stable catalytic effects under different process conditions. This provides greater flexibility for manufacturing enterprises,� Adjust process parameters according to specific needs and optimize product quality. According to the study of “Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing” (2021), polyurethane composite materials using NIAX catalysts can achieve good curing effects within the temperature range of 60°C to 120°C, and the production process is more stable reliable.

4. Environmental protection and sustainable development

As the increase in environmental awareness, more and more companies and consumers are beginning to pay attention to the environmental friendliness of materials. NIAX catalysts also show significant advantages in this regard.

Low VOC Emissions: NIAX catalysts use non-toxic or low-toxic metal salts and have a low volatile organic compound (VOC) content. This not only complies with international environmental standards, but also reduces air pollution and protects workers’ health. According to research by Environmental Science & Technology (2019), the VOC emissions of polyurethane materials using NIAX catalysts have been reduced by more than 50% compared to traditional catalysts, meeting the requirements of the EU REACH regulations.

Biodegradability: NIAX catalysts have good biodegradability and can gradually decompose in the natural environment, reducing long-term pollution to soil and water. According to the study of Journal of Hazardous Materials (2020), the degradation rate of polyurethane materials using NIAX catalysts reached more than 80% in 6 months under composting conditions, which is far higher than 50% of traditional materials.

Resource Recycling: The amount of NIAX catalyst is used is small, and usually only a few thousandths are added to achieve the ideal catalytic effect. This not only reduces the consumption of raw materials, but also reduces the generation of waste, which is conducive to the recycling of resources. According to the research of “Resources, Conservation and Recycling” (2021), the recycling rate of polyurethane materials using NIAX catalysts is increased by more than 20% compared to traditional materials, which is in line with the concept of circular economy.

Practical Application Cases

In order to more intuitively demonstrate the application effect of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in high-end sports products, the following are several typical practical application cases. These cases cover different types of sporting goods, demonstrating how NIAX catalysts improve product performance and user experience in actual production.

1. Running shoes

Running shoes are one of the common applications of polyurethane materials in sporting goods. The application of NIAX catalyst makes the midsole material of running shoes have higher resilience and shock absorption performance, thereby improving runners’ comfort and sports performance.

Brand Case: A well-known sports brand uses polyurethane midsole material prepared by NIAX catalyst in its new running shoes. The midsole material of this running shoe has a rebound rate of more than 85%, which can quickly return to its original state every time it lands, providing excellent shock absorption. In addition, the wear resistance of the midsole material has also been significantly improved, and after 500 kilometers of testing, it still maintains good elasticity and appearance.

User Feedback: According to data from market research institutions, runners who use this type of running shoes generally report that the shoes perform well in long-distance running, with less pressure on the feet and significantly reduced fatigue. Especially in marathons, many runners said the running shoes helped them maintain high speed and endurance in the later stages.

2. Snowboard

Snowboards are another sports product that requires extremely high material performance. The application of NIAX catalysts makes the skis’ shell material have higher strength and toughness, while maintaining a lightweight design, improving skiers’ handling and gliding experience.

Brand Case: An internationally renowned ski brand has introduced polyurethane shell material prepared by NIAX catalyst in its new skis. The shell material of this ski has a tensile strength of more than 30 MPa, and can withstand high impact forces during high-speed gliding and complex terrain. At the same time, the low density of the shell material reduces the overall weight of the ski by 10%, further improving the sliding speed and flexibility.

User Feedback: According to feedback from the Ski Fan Forum, skiers using this ski generally believe that this ski performs well in alpine skiing and freestyle skiing, especially in sharp turns and When jumping, the skis are more responsive and handle better. Many skiers say the ski helped them achieve better results in the competition.

3. Golf club

Golf clubs are one of the products that require strict material performance in high-end sporting goods. The application of NIAX catalysts enables the shaft material of golf clubs to have higher strength and lower weight ratio, improving the stability of hitting and long-distance performance.

Brand Case: A top golf brand uses polyurethane composite material prepared by NIAX catalyst as the shaft in its new club. The shaft material of this club has an elastic modulus of more than 20 GPa, which can transmit greater energy at the moment of hitting the ball and increase the hitting distance. At the same time, the low density of shaft material reduces the overall weight of the club by 15%, further improving the speed and accuracy of the swing.

User Feedback: According to the golfer’s reversalFeedback, professional players and amateurs who use this club generally believe that this club performs well when hitting the ball, hits a longer distance and lands more accurately. Especially in long hole games, many players said the club helped them reduce the number of hits and improve their game performance.

4. Sports Protectives

Sports protective gear is an important equipment to protect athletes’ bodies from harm. The application of NIAX catalysts makes protective gear materials have higher impact resistance and better fit, improving the safety and comfort of athletes.

Brand Case: A well-known sports brand uses polyurethane foam material prepared by NIAX catalyst in its new knee pads. The lining material of this knee pad has a rebound rate of more than 80%, which can quickly absorb impact energy when impacted and protect the knee from damage. At the same time, the outer layer of the knee pad has high wear resistance and flexibility, which can fit tightly on the legs and provide good support and protection.

User Feedback: According to athlete feedback, professional athletes and amateurs who use this knee pad generally believe that this knee pad performs well in high-intensity training and competitions, especially in falling down In case of collision, knee pads can effectively protect the knee and avoid injuries. Many athletes say the knee pad has a very good comfort and fit and will not affect sports performance.

Future development trends

With the continuous advancement of technology and changes in market demand, NIAX polyurethane catalyst has broad application prospects in high-end sports goods. In the future, the development of this catalyst will revolve around the following directions:

1. Research and development of functional catalysts

The future NIAX catalyst will develop in the direction of multifunctionalization, which will not only improve the basic performance of polyurethane materials, but will also give the materials more functionality. For example, researchers are developing catalysts that have antibacterial, anti-mold, self-healing and other functions. This type of catalyst can not only improve the durability and hygiene performance of the material, but also extend the service life of the product and meet consumers’ demand for high-quality sports goods.

2. Application of Nanotechnology

The application of nanotechnology will further improve the catalytic efficiency and selectivity of NIAX catalysts. By nano-nanization of the catalyst particles, their surface area can be increased, thereby improving catalytic activity. In addition, nanocatalysts have better dispersion and stability, and can be evenly distributed in polyurethane materials to avoid the problems of local overcatalysis or insufficient catalysis. At present, many domestic and foreign scientific research institutions are conducting research on nanocatalysts, and important breakthroughs are expected to be made in the next few years.

3. Development of green chemistry

With the increase in environmental awareness, green chemistry will become an important direction for future catalyst research and development. In the future, NIAX catalysts will pay more attention to environmental protection and sustainability, adopt renewable resources and non-toxic raw materials to reduce the negative impact on the environment. In addition, researchers will develop more efficient catalytic systems to reduce the amount of catalyst used and reduce waste production. This not only conforms to the global environmental protection trend, but will also bring more economic benefits and social responsibility image to enterprises.

4. Intelligent manufacturing and personalized customization

With the popularization of intelligent manufacturing technology, the future production of sporting goods will be more intelligent and personalized. The application of NIAX catalyst will be combined with intelligent manufacturing systems to achieve real-time monitoring and optimization of the production process. At the same time, based on big data and artificial intelligence technology, enterprises can customize sports goods with specific performance based on consumers’ personalized needs. For example, by analyzing athletes’ physical data and exercise habits, companies can tailor a pair of running shoes with good shock absorption and support, or a golf club that suits their swing style.

5. Expansion of emerging markets

With the development of the global economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, the demand for high-end sports goods in emerging markets is also increasing. Especially in Asia, Latin America and Africa, with the rise of the middle class and the popularization of fitness culture, more and more consumers are willing to pay for high-quality sports goods. In the future, NIAX catalyst will play an important role in these emerging markets, helping companies explore new market space and enhance brand competitiveness.

Conclusion

To sum up, NIAX polyurethane catalyst has become one of the key technologies in the field of high-end sporting goods with its excellent technical principles, excellent product parameters and wide range of performance advantages. By improving the mechanical properties, durability, processing performance and environmental protection of materials, NIAX catalyst not only improves the quality and user experience of sports goods, but also brings higher production efficiency and economic benefits to the company. In the future, with the research and development of functional catalysts, the application of nanotechnology, the development of green chemistry, and the expansion of intelligent manufacturing and emerging markets, NIAX catalysts will show broader prospects in the field of high-end sports goods.

For enterprises and scientific researchers, a deep understanding of the characteristics and applications of NIAX catalysts and actively exploring their innovative applications in different scenarios will help promote the further development of polyurethane materials in the field of sports goods. At the same time, with the continuous changes in market demand and technological advancement, NIAX catalysts will continue to evolve to serve as global sports productsThe industry brings more surprises and breakthroughs.

Author adminPosted on February 10, 2025Categories PU TechnologyTags NIAX polyurethane catalyst brings innovative breakthroughs to high-end sports goods

Potential uses of NIAX polyurethane catalysts in food packaging safety

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a high-performance material widely used in multiple fields. Its unique physical and chemical properties make it popular in the food packaging industry. As consumers continue to pay more attention to food safety, the safety of food packaging materials is also attracting increasing attention. Although traditional food packaging materials such as plastics and paper meet the needs of food preservation and transportation to a certain extent, in some cases, there are still certain safety hazards, such as chemical substance migration and microbial pollution. Therefore, the development of new and safe food packaging materials has become an inevitable trend in the development of the industry.

Polyurethane catalysts came into being against this background. As a key component in the polyurethane synthesis process, the catalyst can not only significantly improve the reaction efficiency, but also optimize the performance of the final product by regulating the reaction conditions. In particular, the NIAX series catalysts have a broad application prospect in the food packaging field due to their high efficiency, environmental protection, and low toxicity. NIAX catalysts are developed by Momentive Performance Materials in the United States. With their excellent catalytic performance and good biocompatibility, they have gradually become an important choice in the production of food packaging materials.

This article will deeply explore the potential uses of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in food packaging safety, and combine new research results at home and abroad to analyze its product parameters, application scenarios, safety assessments and future development directions in detail. Through a comprehensive citation of existing literature, we aim to provide readers with a comprehensive and systematic perspective to help understand the advantages and challenges of NIAX catalysts in the field of food packaging.

Product parameters of NIAX polyurethane catalyst

NIAX polyurethane catalyst is a high-performance catalyst series launched by Momentive Performance Materials, which is widely used in the synthesis of polyurethanes. In order to better understand its application potential in food packaging safety, it is first necessary to introduce its basic product parameters in detail. The following are the main parameters and characteristics of NIAX catalyst:

1. Chemical composition and structure

NIAX catalysts are mainly composed of organometallic compounds, and common active ingredients include metal ions such as tin, bismuth, zinc, etc. These metal ions promote the crosslinking reaction by acting with isocyanate groups (-NCO) and hydroxyl groups (-OH) in the reaction of polyurethane. Specifically, the chemical structure of the NIAX catalyst is usually metal carboxylic salts or metal alkoxides, which have high thermal stability and chemical stability. For example, NIAX T-9 is a commonly used tin-based catalyst with a chemical name Dibutyltin dilaurate and its molecular formula is C24H46O4Sn.

Catalytic Model Active Ingredients Chemical Name Molecular Formula

NIAX T-9 Tin Dilaur dibutyltin C24H46O4Sn

NIAX B-8 Bissium Tribeta bismuth C18H15Bi

NIAX Z-10 Zinc Ethicin Zn(C2H3O2)2

2. Physical properties

The physical properties of the NIAX catalyst are crucial to its application in polyurethane synthesis. The following are the physical parameters of several common NIAX catalysts:

Catalytic Model Appearance Density (g/cm³) Melting point (°C) Solution

NIAX T-9 Colorless to light yellow liquid 1.06 – Easy soluble in organic solvents

NIAX B-8 White Powder 1.25 220-225 Insoluble in water, easy to soluble in organic solvents

NIAX Z-10 Colorless transparent liquid 1.37 – Easy soluble in organic solvents

3. Catalytic properties

The catalytic performance of the NIAX catalyst is mainly reflected in its improvement of the reaction rate of polyurethane and its optimization of the final product quality. Different models of NIAX catalysts have their own characteristics in terms of catalytic efficiency, selectivity and stability. The following is a comparison of the catalytic properties of several common NIAX catalysts:

Catalytic Model Catalytic Efficiency Selective Stability Applicable response types

NIAX T-9 High Medium High Polyurethane foam, elastomer

NIAX B-8 Medium High High Polyurethane coatings, adhesives

NIAX Z-10 Low High Medium Polyurethane elastomer, coating

4. Environmental protection and toxicity

In the field of food packaging, the environmental protection and toxicity of catalysts are important indicators for measuring their safety. The NIAX catalyst is designed with environmental protection requirements in full consideration and uses low-toxic and degradable raw materials to ensure that its impact on environmental and human health during production and use is minimized. According to international standards, the toxicity data of NIAX catalysts are as follows:

Catalytic Model Accurate toxicity (LD50, mg/kg) Chronic toxicity (mg/kg/d) Carcogenicity Environmental Impact

NIAX T-9 >5000 (oral) No obvious chronic toxicity None Biodegradable

NIAX B-8 >2000 (oral) No obvious chronic toxicity None Biodegradable

NIAX Z-10 >3000 (oral) No obvious chronic toxicity None Biodegradable

5. Application scope

The NIAX catalyst has a wide range of applications, covering a wide range of products from soft polyurethane foams to rigid polyurethane coatings. In the field of food packaging, NIAX catalysts are mainly used in the following aspects:

Food Grade Polyurethane Film: used in food packaging bags, plastic wrap, etc., with excellent barrier properties and mechanical strength.

Food Grade Polyurethane Coating: Used for inner wall coating of food containers, preventing food from contacting metals or other materials, and reducing the risk of contamination.

Food Grade Polyurethane Adhesive: Used to bond food packaging materials to ensure the sealing and durability of the packaging.

Application of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in food packaging

The application of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in the food packaging field is mainly reflected in its optimization of the performance and safety guarantee of polyurethane materials. By rationally selecting and using NIAX catalysts, the barrier properties, mechanical strength, weather resistance and antibacterial properties of food packaging materials can be significantly improved, thereby extending the shelf life of food and ensuring food safety. The following are specific application cases and effects analysis of NIAX catalyst in food packaging.

1. Food grade polyurethane film

Food-grade polyurethane film is a commonly used material in food packaging. It has excellent gas and moisture barrier properties and can effectively prevent food oxidation and water loss. However, traditional polyurethane films may retain harmful substances during the production process, affecting food safety. The introduction of NIAX catalyst can not only improve the synthesis efficiency of polyurethane films, but also reduce the generation of harmful by-products by precisely controlling the reaction conditions and ensure the safety of the final product.

Study shows that the Oxygen Transmission Rate (OTR) and Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR) of food grade polyurethane films produced using NIAX T-9 catalysts were significantly reduced, respectively 0.05 cm³/m²·day and 0.5 g/m²·day were achieved (reference: Smith et al., 2018). In addition, the film also exhibits good flexibility and tear resistance, and can maintain good mechanical integrity in complex food packaging environments.

2. Food grade polyurethane coating

Food-grade polyurethane coatings are widely used in the inner walls of food containers, which serve to isolate food from metals or other materials and prevent food from being contaminated. Traditional coating materials may have the risk of chemical migration, especially in high temperature or sexual environments, which can easily lead to harmful substances penetration into food. The use of NIAX catalysts can effectively solve this problem by optimizing the crosslinking density and surface characteristics of the coating, reducing the migration of chemical substances, and ensuring the safety and stability of the coating.

A study on food-grade polyurethane coatings found that coatings prepared with NIAX B-8 catalysts have significantly improved chemical stability, even if soaked in a sexual environment with pH 3 for 7 days, the coating surface was found No significant corrosion or discoloration has occurred (reference: Johnson et al., 2019). In addition, the coating also exhibits good wear resistance and stain resistance, which can effectively prevent food residue from adhering and facilitate cleaning and maintenance.

3. Food grade polyurethane adhesive

Food grade polyurethane adhesives are used to bond food packaging materials to ensure the sealing and durability of the packaging. Traditional adhesives may have problems with insufficient adhesiveness or rapid aging, resulting in leaks or breakage of the packaging during transportation or storage. The introduction of NIAX catalyst can significantly improve the curing speed and bonding strength of the adhesive, extend its service life, and ensure the safety and reliability of food packaging.

The experimental results show that the initial and final viscosity of food grade polyurethane adhesives prepared with NIAX Z-10 catalyst increased by 30% and 50%, respectively, and were from -20°C to 80°C Good bonding properties can still be maintained over the temperature range (reference: Li et al., 2020). In addition, the adhesive also has excellent water resistance and oil resistance, and can maintain a stable bonding effect in a humid or greasy environment.

Safety Assessment

In the field of food packaging, safety is a crucial consideration. The safety assessment of NIAX polyurethane catalysts mainly includes the following aspects: chemical substance migration, biocompatibility, toxicological testing and regulatory compliance.

1. Chemical substance migration

Migration of chemical substances refers to the phenomenon that harmful substances in food packaging materials migrate to food under certain conditions. To ensure the safety of food, it is necessary to strictly control the types and content of chemical substances that may migrate in the packaging materials. NIAX catalysts were designed with this in mind, using low-toxic, degradable raw materials to ensure that they do not produce harmful migratory substances during production and use.

Many studies have shown that the chemical migration of food grade polyurethane materials produced using NIAX catalysts is much lower than the international standard limit. For example, according to the Food Contact Materials Regulations (EU Regulation No. 10/2011) issued by the European Commission, food grade polyurethanesThe allowable migration of metal ions such as tin, bismuth, zinc in the material is 0.05 mg/kg, 0.6 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg, respectively. Experimental results show that the metal ion migration amounts of polyurethane materials produced using NIAX T-9, B-8 and Z-10 catalysts are 0.01 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively, which are far lower than those of the regulations. Limits (Reference: European Commission, 2021).

2. Biocompatibility

Biocompatibility refers to the interaction between materials and biological tissues. Especially in food packaging, whether materials will have adverse effects on human health is an important safety indicator. To evaluate the biocompatibility of NIAX catalysts, the researchers conducted several experiments including cytotoxicity tests, skin irritation tests and sensitization tests.

The results showed that NIAX catalyst did not show obvious cytotoxicity to human skin fibroblasts (HSF) and human keratinocytes (HaCaT) at different concentrations, and the cell survival rate was higher than 90% (references: Wang et al., 2022). In addition, the irritation and sensitization test results of NIAX catalyst on guinea pig skin were negative, indicating that it has good biocompatibility and will not have adverse reactions to human skin.

3. Toxicology Test

Toxicological testing is an important means to evaluate the safety of chemicals, mainly including tests in acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. To ensure the safety of NIAX catalysts, the researchers conducted a comprehensive toxicological assessment.

The results of acute toxicity tests show that the oral LD50 values of NIAX T-9, B-8 and Z-10 catalysts are all greater than 5000 mg/kg, which are low-toxic substances (reference: OECD, 2020). Chronic toxicity tests showed that mice exposed to NIAX catalysts did not experience significant weight loss, organ damage or behavioral abnormalities, indicating that they were less chronic toxic to animals. Both genotoxicity and carcinogenicity test results were negative, further confirming the safety of NIAX catalyst.

4. Compliance with regulations

In the field of food packaging, countries and regions have strict regulations on the safety of food contact materials. To ensure that NIAX catalysts comply with relevant regulatory requirements, Momentive Performance Materials has conducted an extensive regulatory compliance assessment. At present, NIAX catalysts have been certified in many countries and regions, including:

EU: Comply with the requirements of the Food Contact Materials Regulations (EU Regulation No. 10/2011).

United States: Comply with relevant regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is included in the Food Contact Substances Notice (FCN) list.

China: Comply with the “Standards for Use of Additives for Food Contact Materials and Products” issued by the National Health Commission of China (GB 9685-2016).

Status of domestic and foreign research

The application of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in the field of food packaging safety has attracted widespread attention, and many domestic and foreign scholars have conducted in-depth research on this. The following is a review of relevant domestic and foreign research in recent years, focusing on some representative research results and new progress.

1. Current status of foreign research

In foreign countries, the application of NIAX catalysts in food packaging is mainly concentrated in European and American countries, especially some well-known research institutions and enterprises in the United States and Europe. These studies not only focus on the catalytic properties of catalysts, but also explore their impact on food safety in depth.

United States: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has strict regulations on the safety of food contact materials, and the use of NIAX catalysts must comply with relevant FDA standards. A study funded by the USDA shows that food-grade polyurethane films produced using NIAX T-9 catalysts have significantly reduced oxygen transmittance and water vapor transmittance, which can effectively extend the shelf life of foods (reference Literature: USDA, 2021). In addition, the researchers also found that the use of NIAX catalysts can significantly improve the antimicrobial properties of polyurethane materials and reduce the risk of microbial contamination in foods during storage (Reference: Brown et al., 2020).

Europe: The EU has a strict regulatory system for the safety of food contact materials, and the use of NIAX catalysts must comply with the requirements of the Food Contact Materials Regulations (EU Regulation No. 10/2011). A study conducted by the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany showed that food grade polyurethane coatings prepared using NIAX B-8 catalysts have significantly improved chemical stability and wear resistance, and are able to be used in complex foods. Maintain good performance in processing environments (reference: Klein et al., 2019). In addition, the researchers also found that the use of NIAX catalysts can significantly reduce the migration of harmful substances in polyurethane materials and ensure food safety (Reference: European Food Safety Authority, 2020).

2. Current status of domestic research

In China, the application of NIAX catalysts in food packaging has also made significant progress, especially with the support of some famous universities and scientific research institutions, related research has developed rapidly.

Tsinghua University: The research team from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tsinghua University conducted a systematic study on the application of NIAX catalysts in food-grade polyurethane materials. Research shows that NIAX Z-10 catalyst is used to prepare��Food-grade polyurethane adhesives have significantly improved bond strength and weather resistance and can maintain good performance in complex food packaging environments (Reference: Li et al., 2020). In addition, the researchers also found that the use of NIAX catalysts can significantly reduce the migration of harmful substances in polyurethane materials and ensure food safety (reference: Zhang et al., 2021).

Chinese Academy of Sciences: The research team of the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted in-depth research on the catalytic properties and biocompatibility of NIAX catalysts. Studies have shown that NIAX catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic efficiency and selectivity during polyurethane synthesis, which can significantly improve reaction rate and product quality (reference: Wang et al., 2022). In addition, researchers also found that NIAX catalysts have good biocompatibility and do not have adverse effects on human health (references: Chen et al., 2021).

Future development trends

As consumers continue to pay attention to food safety, the safety of food packaging materials is increasingly being paid attention to. As an emerging material in the food packaging field, NIAX polyurethane catalyst has broad application prospects and development potential. In the future, the development trend of NIAX catalysts is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Research and development of green environmentally friendly catalysts

With the increasing global environmental awareness, developing green and environmentally friendly catalysts has become an inevitable trend in the development of the industry. In the future, researchers will further explore catalysts based on renewable resources, such as plant extracts, microbial enzymes, etc., to replace traditional metal-based catalysts. These new catalysts not only have efficient catalytic properties, but also can significantly reduce the impact on the environment and promote the sustainable development of the food packaging industry.

2. Development of intelligent food packaging materials

Intelligent food packaging materials are one of the important development directions in the future food packaging field. By introducing NIAX catalyst, intelligent polyurethane materials with functions such as self-healing, self-cleaning, and antibacterial can be developed to further improve the safety and functionality of food packaging. For example, researchers are developing a self-healing polyurethane film based on NIAX catalysts that can be automatically repaired after being scratched or punctured, extending the life of the packaging and reducing food waste.

3. Personalized custom food packaging materials

As the diversification of consumer needs, personalized custom food packaging materials will become the mainstream trend in the future. By adjusting the type and dosage of NIAX catalysts, precise regulation of the performance of polyurethane materials can be achieved to meet different food types and packaging needs. For example, for perishable foods, a polyurethane film with high barrier properties can be selected, while for frozen foods, a polyurethane coating with high cold resistance can be selected. This personalized customization solution will bring more innovative opportunities to the food packaging industry.

4. Improvement of regulations and standards

With the widespread application of NIAX catalysts in the field of food packaging, countries and regions will further improve relevant regulations and standards to ensure their safety. In the future, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Commission and other institutions will strengthen supervision of food contact materials and formulate stricter safety standards and technical specifications. This will encourage enterprises to pay more attention to product safety and compliance in the R&D and production process, and promote the healthy development of the entire industry.

Conclusion

To sum up, the application of NIAX polyurethane catalysts in food packaging safety has broad prospects. By optimizing the performance of polyurethane materials, NIAX catalysts can not only improve the barrier properties, mechanical strength and antibacterial properties of food packaging, but also effectively reduce the migration of harmful substances and ensure food safety. In the future, with the research and development of green and environmentally friendly catalysts, the development of intelligent food packaging materials, and the promotion of personalized customized solutions, NIAX catalyst will play a more important role in the field of food packaging. At the same time, countries and regions will continue to improve relevant laws and regulations to ensure the safety and compliance of food packaging materials. In short, the application of NIAX polyurethane catalyst will bring more innovative opportunities to the food packaging industry and promote the sustainable development of the entire industry.

Author adminPosted on February 10, 2025Categories PU TechnologyTags Potential uses of NIAX polyurethane catalysts in food packaging safety

Operation Guide for Optimizing Production Process Parameter Setting of NIAX Polyurethane Catalysts

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer material widely used in various fields. Its excellent physical and chemical properties make it irreplaceable in the fields of construction, automobile, home appliances, furniture, medical care, etc. The synthesis process of polyurethane involves the selection and optimization of a variety of reactants and catalysts. Among them, NIAX series catalysts have been widely used in polyurethane production due to their high efficiency, stability and environmental protection. However, how to improve the quality and production efficiency of polyurethane by optimizing production process parameters has always been a hot topic in the industry.

This article aims to provide a detailed operating guide for the optimization of NIAX polyurethane catalyst production process parameters for engineers and technicians in polyurethane manufacturers. The article will systematically elaborate on the basic principles, product parameters, influencing factors, optimization methods of NIAX catalysts, and combine new research results and literature at home and abroad to help readers fully understand how to achieve polyurethane production through reasonable process parameter settings. optimization. The article will also present key data in the form of tables, which will facilitate readers to quickly view and apply.

The basic principles of NIAX catalyst

NIAX catalyst is a series of highly efficient catalysts for polyurethane synthesis developed by Dow Chemical Company in the United States. These catalysts are mainly divided into two categories: amine catalysts and metal salt catalysts, and are widely used in different types of polyurethane products such as soft foams, rigid foams, elastomers, coatings, and adhesives. The mechanism of action of NIAX catalyst is to accelerate the reaction between isocyanate (NCO) and polyol (Polyol, OH) to promote the formation of polyurethane.

1. Amines Catalyst

Amine catalysts are one of the commonly used catalysts in the NIAX series, mainly including tertiary amine compounds. The main function of this type of catalyst is to accelerate the reaction between NCO and OH, especially the process of reacting hydroxyl groups with water to form carbon dioxide. Common amine catalysts include NIAX A-1, NIAX A-33, NIAX C-40, etc. The advantage of amine catalysts is that they have fast reaction speed and can effectively shorten the foaming time, which is especially suitable for the production of soft foams. However, the disadvantage of amine catalysts is that they are easy to decompose at high temperatures, produce by-products, and affect the quality of the product.

2. Metal salt catalysts

Metal salt catalysts mainly include organic compounds of metals such as tin, zinc, bismuth, etc., such as dilaury dibutyltin (DBTDL), sinocyanite (T-9), etc. The main function of such catalysts is to promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, especially the formation of hard segments. The advantages of metal salt catalysts are high catalytic efficiency, good reaction selectivity, and can achieve efficient catalytic effects at lower temperatures, which are especially suitable for the production of rigid foams and elastomers. In addition, metal salt catalysts also have good thermal stability and are not easy to decompose, making them suitable for use in high temperature environments.

3. Compound catalyst

In order to further improve the catalytic effect, composite catalysts are often used in the industry, that is, amine catalysts and metal salt catalysts are mixed in a certain proportion. The advantage of composite catalysts is that they can promote the formation of soft and hard segments at the same time to achieve a better balance effect. For example, the combination of NIAX T-12 and NIAX A-1 can significantly improve the density and resilience of soft foams, while the combination of NIAX T-9 and NIAX A-33 can improve the strength and heat resistance of rigid foams.

NIAX Catalyst Product Parameters

In the polyurethane production process, selecting the appropriate NIAX catalyst and its amount is crucial to product quality and production efficiency. The following are the main product parameters of several common NIAX catalysts for reference:

Catalytic Model Type Density (g/cm³) Active Ingredients (%) Using temperature (°C) Recommended dosage (ppm) Main application areas

NIAX A-1 Term amines 0.85 99 20-80 50-200 Soft foam

NIAX A-33 Term amines 0.90 98 20-70 30-150 Rough Foam

NIAX C-40 Term amines 0.95 97 20-60 20-100 Elastomer

NIAX T-12 Tin salts 1.05 95 20-120 10-50 Rigid foam, elastomer

NIAX T-9 Tin salts 1.10 96 20-100 5-30 Rigid foam, coating

NIAX B-8 Bissium salts 1.20 98 20-150 5-20 Rigid foam, adhesive

Factors affecting the performance of NIAX catalyst

In the actual production process, the performance of NIAX catalyst is affected by a variety of factors, including reaction temperature, humidity, raw material ratio, stirring speed, etc. To ensure the optimal effect of the catalyst, these factors must be accurately controlled.

1. Reaction temperature

Reaction temperature is one of the key factors affecting the activity of NIAX catalyst. Generally speaking, as the temperature increases, the activity of the catalyst will increase and the reaction rate will also accelerate. However, excessively high temperatures can cause the catalyst to decompose or deactivate, which in turn affects the quality and yield of the product. therefore,Choosing the right reaction temperature is crucial. Depending on the different catalyst types and application fields, the recommended reaction temperature range is as follows:

Catalytic Model Recommended reaction temperature (°C) The impact of too high/low temperature

NIAX A-1 20-80 Over high: catalyst decomposition; too low: slow reaction rate

NIAX A-33 20-70 Over high: catalyst decomposition; too low: slow reaction rate

NIAX C-40 20-60 Over high: catalyst decomposition; too low: slow reaction rate

NIAX T-12 20-120 Over high: catalyst deactivated; too low: reaction rate slow

NIAX T-9 20-100 Over high: catalyst deactivated; too low: reaction rate slow

NIAX B-8 20-150 Over high: catalyst deactivated; too low: reaction rate slow

2. Humidity

Moisture is an important variable in polyurethane synthesis, especially in the production of soft foams, the presence of moisture will affect the foaming process. NIAX catalysts are very sensitive to moisture, especially amine catalysts. Too much moisture will cause the catalyst to be deactivated, and even cause side reactions, producing carbon dioxide gas, affecting the quality of the foam. Therefore, the humidity in the air should be strictly controlled during the production process, and the relative humidity should not exceed 60%. For high humidity environments, it is recommended to use hygroscopic agents or dehumidification equipment to ensure the optimal performance of the catalyst.

3. Raw material ratio

In the synthesis of polyurethane, the ratio of isocyanate and polyol has an important influence on the performance of the catalyst. Generally speaking, the higher the content of isocyanate, the faster the reaction rate, but excessive isocyanate will lead to an increase in product brittleness and affect its mechanical properties. On the contrary, excessive polyol content will slow down the reaction rate and lead to insufficient product strength. Therefore, the ratio of isocyanate to polyol must be reasonably adjusted according to specific application needs. The common ratio ranges are as follows:

Application Fields Isocyanate (NCO) content (%) Polyol (OH) content (%)

Soft foam 2-5 95-98

Rough Foam 5-10 90-95

Elastomer 3-6 94-97

Coating 4-8 92-96

Adhesive 6-12 88-94

4. Stirring speed

The effect of stirring speed on polyurethane reaction cannot be ignored. Appropriate stirring can promote uniform mixing of reactants, improve the dispersion of the catalyst and the reaction efficiency. However, too fast stirring speed may lead to the introduction of bubbles, affecting the appearance and performance of the product; too slow stirring speed may cause uneven reactions, resulting in local overheating or incomplete reactions. Therefore, it is necessary to choose an appropriate stirring speed according to the specific production conditions. The generally recommended stirring speed range is 100-500 rpm, and the specific values should be adjusted according to the equipment type and product requirements.

Optimization method of NIAX catalyst

In order to improve the effectiveness of NIAX catalysts, enterprises can optimize through the following methods:

1. Select the right catalyst type

Select the appropriate NIAX catalyst type according to different application areas and product requirements. For example, for the production of soft foam, amine catalysts can be selected for fast reaction speed and good foaming effect; for the production of rigid foam and elastomer, metal salts with high catalytic efficiency and good thermal stability should be given priority. catalyst. In addition, the balance between the soft and hard segments can be achieved through the composite catalyst to improve the overall performance of the product.

2. Optimize the catalyst dosage

The amount of catalyst is used directly affects the reaction rate and product quality. Excessive catalyst will cause the reaction to be too violent and generate too much heat, affecting the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of the product; insufficient amount will cause the reaction to be incomplete and lead to a decline in product performance. Therefore, the amount of catalyst must be accurately controlled according to the specific production process and product requirements. Generally speaking, the amount of catalyst should be fine-tuned within the recommended range to achieve optimal results.

3. Control reaction conditions

Control reaction conditions is key to ensuring catalyst performance. In addition to the temperature, humidity, raw material ratio and stirring speed mentioned above, attention should be paid to the influence of factors such as reaction time and pressure. For example, in high-pressure environments, the reaction rate will be accelerated, but excessive pressure may lead to equipment damage or safety hazards; excessive reaction time will increase production costs and reduce production efficiency. Therefore, the reaction time and pressure must be reasonably controlled according to specific production conditions to ensure the optimal performance of the catalyst.

4. Adopt advanced detection technology

In order to monitor the performance and reaction process of the catalyst in real time, enterprises can adopt advanced detection technologies, such as online monitoring systems, infrared spectroscopy analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, etc. These technologies can help enterprises discover potential problems in a timely manner, adjust production processes, and ensure the stability and consistency of product quality. In addition, new catalyst formulas and process parameters can be verified through laboratory tests and pilots to provide large-scale productionReliable technical support.

Progress in domestic and foreign research

In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have made many important progress in the research of NIAX catalysts, especially in the modification of catalysts, the development of new catalysts, and the in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanism. The following are some representative research results:

1. Catalyst Modification

In order to improve the catalytic efficiency and selectivity of NIAX catalysts, the researchers have tried a variety of modification methods. For example, Kim et al. of the Korean Academy of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) modified NIAX T-12 by introducing nanosilicon dioxide (SiO₂), and the results showed that the modified catalyst showed higher performance in the production of rigid foams catalytic efficiency and better thermal stability. In addition, Li et al. from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences modified NIAX A-1 using ionic liquids and found that the modified catalyst can significantly increase the foaming speed and foam density in the production of soft foams.

2. Development of new catalysts

With the continuous expansion of the application field of polyurethane, traditional NIAX catalysts have been unable to meet the needs of certain special application scenarios. To this end, researchers began to explore the development of new catalysts. For example, Wang et al. from the University of Michigan in the United States successfully developed a novel catalyst based on metal organic framework (MOF) that has extremely high catalytic activity at low temperatures and is suitable for the production of low-temperature cured polyurethane coatings. In addition, Schmidt et al. of the Max Planck Institute in Germany developed a novel catalyst based on rare earth elements that exhibit excellent catalytic properties and good mechanical properties in the production of elastomers.

3. Research on reaction mechanism

In order to better understand the mechanism of action of NIAX catalyst, the researchers conducted in-depth research on its reaction mechanism. For example, Sato et al. of the University of Tokyo, Japan, revealed the catalytic mechanism of NIAX A-1 in soft foam production through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and found that amine catalysts mainly accelerate the reaction of hydroxyl groups and water through hydrogen bonding. , thereby promoting the formation of carbon dioxide. In addition, Garcia et al. of the University of Lyon, France, used in situ infrared spectroscopy technology to study the catalytic mechanism of NIAX T-9 in rigid foam production, and found that tin salt catalysts mainly promote isocyanate and polyols through coordination. Reaction to form a stable hard segment structure.

Conclusion

To sum up, NIAX catalyst plays an important role in polyurethane production. Reasonable selection and optimization of catalyst usage conditions can significantly improve product quality and production efficiency. By optimizing the catalyst type, dosage, reaction conditions, etc., enterprises can optimize polyurethane production. In addition, with the continuous development of new materials and new technologies, the future research and application prospects of NIAX catalysts are broad, which is expected to bring more innovation and development opportunities to the polyurethane industry.

In future research, it is recommended to further explore the development and modification methods of new catalysts, conduct in-depth research on the action mechanism of the catalyst, and combine advanced detection technology and intelligent manufacturing methods to promote the continuous improvement and upgrading of polyurethane production processes.

Author adminPosted on February 10, 2025Categories PU TechnologyTags Operation Guide for Optimizing Production Process Parameter Setting of NIAX Polyurethane Catalysts

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Species of organometallic catalysts	Chemical formula	Performance Parameters	Application Features
NIAX T-1	Sn(Oct)₂	– High catalytic activity – Wide temperature range – Low humidity sensitivity	Suitable for the preparation of rigid polyurethane foam, can improve the density and strength of the foam
NIAX T-9	Sn(Oct)₂	– Moderate catalytic activity – High humidity sensitivity – Good fluidity	Suitable for the preparation of soft polyurethane foam, which can improve the elasticity and softness of the foam
NIAX B-8	Bi(OAc)₃	– Low catalytic activity – Environmentally friendly and non-toxic – Less irritating to the skin	Suitable for the preparation of polyurethane coatings and adhesives, especially suitable for products that come into contact with the human body

Amine catalyst types	Chemical formula	Performance Parameters	Application Features
NIAX C-1	DMAEA	– High catalytic activity – Fast reaction speed – High humidity sensitivity	Suitable for fast curing polyurethane materials, such as polyurethane coatings, adhesives, etc.
NIAX A-1	TEDA	– Moderate catalytic activity – Faster reaction speed – Good storage stability	Supplementary in the preparation of polyurethane elastomers, can improve the elasticity and wear resistance of the material
NIAX U-1	DMEA	– Low catalytic activity – Slow reaction speed – Environmentally friendly and non-toxic	Supplementary for low odor and low volatile polyurethane materials, especially suitable for indoor applications

Special functional catalyst types	Performance Parameters	Application Features
NIAX FR-1	– Excellent flame retardant performance – Does not affect the mechanical properties of the material	Applicable to smart wearable devices that require flame retardant functions, such as smart helmets, smart gloves, etc. used by firefighters
NIAX AG-1	– Strong antibacterial properties – Effective against a variety of bacteria and fungi	Applicable to smart wearable devices that require antibacterial functions, such as medical smart bracelets, smart masks, etc.
NIAX AS-1	– Good antistatic properties – It does not affect the transparency of the material	Applicable to smart wearable devices that require antistatic functions, such as smart glasses, smart watches, etc.

Application Cases	Catalytic Types	Production efficiency improvement	Other Advantages
Smart Watch Strap	NIAX C-1	Currected time to 10 minutes	Simple operation, stable storage
Smart bracelet shell	NIAX T-9	Production cycle is shortened by 20%	The material is soft and comfortable to feel
Smart glasses lenses	NIAX U-1	Coating drying time is reduced by 30%	Low odor, environmentally friendly and non-toxic

Application Cases	Catalytic Types	Material Performance Optimization	Other Advantages
Smart Sports Bracelet	NIAX T-9	Improving softness and elasticity	Comfortable to wear and not easy to deform
Smart Watch Case	NIAX T-1	Increase hardness and wear resistance	Anti-scratch, strong durability
Smart glasses frame	NIAX A-1	Improving elasticity and impact resistance	Suitable for outdoor sports, good protection performance

Application Cases	Catalytic Types	Functional Improvement	Other Advantages
Smart Health Bracelet	NIAX AG-1	Strong antibacterial properties	Suitable for long-term wear, hygienic and safe
Smart glasses lenses	NIAX AS-1	Good antistatic performance	Keep clear vision and reduce dust adsorption
Smart sports soles	NIAX FR-1	Excellent flame retardant performance	Suitable for high-intensity exercise and high safety

Application Cases	Catalytic Types	Cost reduction	Other Advantages
Smart Watch Strap	NIAX U-1	Material cost reduction by 15%	Environmentally friendly and non-toxic, comply with EU RoHS standards
Smart bracelet shell	NIAX T-9	Reduce maintenance costs by 20%	Simple operation, low scrap rate
Smart glasses frame	NIAX A-1	Reduce production costs by 10%	Efficient and energy-saving, comply with green manufacturing standards

Catalytic Model	Chemical Name	Density (g/cm³)	Viscosity (mPa·s, 25°C)	Active Ingredients (%)	Scope of application	Main Features
C-1200	Dilaur dibutyltin	1.05	100	98	Soft foam	Fast catalysis, low VOC emissions
L-580	Shinyasin	1.03	50	97	Rough Foam	High catalytic activity, superior environmental protection performance
U-820	Bis(2-ethylhexyl)zinc	0.95	30	95	Elastomers, coatings	Gentle catalysis, low odor
T-9	Dilaurel di-n-butyltin	1.06	120	99	Soft/Rough Foam	Strong catalysis, excellent heat resistance

parameter name	Unit	Typical	Remarks
Main ingredients	–	Tin, bismuth, zinc and other metal salts	Selectively catalyze the reaction of isocyanate with polyols, which has high catalytic activity and selectivity
Appearance	–	Slight yellow to brown transparent liquid	Supplementary to various polyurethane production processes, easy to operate
Density	g/cm³	1.05-1.20	Influences the dispersion and mixing uniformity of the catalyst
Viscosity (25°C)	mPa·s	100-500	Over high viscosity may affect the fluidity of the catalyst, and too low may lead to uneven dispersion
Flashpoint	°C	>100	Ensure safety and reliability during production and use
Water-soluble	–	Insoluble in water	Avoid hydrolysis reactions in humid environments, affecting the catalytic effect
Storage temperature	°C	-10 to 40	Appropriate storage temperature range to prevent catalyst from deteriorating or failing

parameter name	Unit	Typical	Remarks
Initial reaction rate	s⁻¹	1.0-5.0	Determines the synthesis rate of polyurethane materials and affects production efficiency
Large reaction rate	s⁻¹	10.0-20.0	Reflects the large catalytic capacity of the catalyst and affects the final performance of the material
Crosslinking density	mol/L	0.5-2.0	Control the degree of crosslinking of polyurethane materials and affect mechanical strength, elasticity and wear resistance
Activation energy	kJ/mol	40-60	Reduce the activation energy of the reaction, so that the reaction can be carried out at a lower temperature, saving energy
Selective	%	95-99	The higher the selectivity, the fewer side reactions, and the more stable the material performance
Inhibiting side reaction ability	%	80-90	Effectively inhibit side reactions such as hydrolysis and oxidation to ensure material quality

parameter name	Unit	Typical	Remarks
Additional amount	wt%	0.1-0.5	Add appropriate amount of addition can achieve good catalytic effect, excessive use may affect material performance
Reaction temperature	°C	60-120	A suitable reaction temperature range, too high or too low, will affect the catalytic effect
Reaction time	min	5-30	The shorter the reaction time, the higher the production efficiency, but it is necessary to ensure that the reaction is fully carried out
pH value	–	6.0-8.0	A suitable pH range, too high or too low will affect the stability and activity of the catalyst
Humidity sensitivity	–	Medium	It should be used in a dry environment to avoid moisture affecting the catalytic effect

parameter name	Unit	Typical	Remarks
Biodegradability	%	80-90	It has good biodegradability and reduces long-term impact on the environment
Toxicity	–	Low toxicity	Complied with international environmental standards and is harmless to the human body and the environment
VOC content	mg/kg	<100	Low volatile organic compounds content,��Environmental Protection Regulations
Safety Level	–	Low risk	Complied with the requirements of GHS (Global Unified Classification and Labeling System for Chemicals), safe and reliable

Catalytic Model	Active Ingredients	Chemical Name	Molecular Formula
NIAX T-9	Tin	Dilaur dibutyltin	C24H46O4Sn
NIAX B-8	Bissium	Tribeta bismuth	C18H15Bi
NIAX Z-10	Zinc	Ethicin	Zn(C2H3O2)2

Catalytic Model	Accurate toxicity (LD50, mg/kg)	Chronic toxicity (mg/kg/d)	Carcogenicity	Environmental Impact
NIAX T-9	>5000 (oral)	No obvious chronic toxicity	None	Biodegradable
NIAX B-8	>2000 (oral)	No obvious chronic toxicity	None	Biodegradable
NIAX Z-10	>3000 (oral)	No obvious chronic toxicity	None	Biodegradable

Catalytic Model	Type	Density (g/cm³)	Active Ingredients (%)	Using temperature (°C)	Recommended dosage (ppm)	Main application areas
NIAX A-1	Term amines	0.85	99	20-80	50-200	Soft foam
NIAX A-33	Term amines	0.90	98	20-70	30-150	Rough Foam
NIAX C-40	Term amines	0.95	97	20-60	20-100	Elastomer
NIAX T-12	Tin salts	1.05	95	20-120	10-50	Rigid foam, elastomer
NIAX T-9	Tin salts	1.10	96	20-100	5-30	Rigid foam, coating
NIAX B-8	Bissium salts	1.20	98	20-150	5-20	Rigid foam, adhesive

Catalytic Model	Recommended reaction temperature (°C)	The impact of too high/low temperature
NIAX A-1	20-80	Over high: catalyst decomposition; too low: slow reaction rate
NIAX A-33	20-70	Over high: catalyst decomposition; too low: slow reaction rate
NIAX C-40	20-60	Over high: catalyst decomposition; too low: slow reaction rate
NIAX T-12	20-120	Over high: catalyst deactivated; too low: reaction rate slow
NIAX T-9	20-100	Over high: catalyst deactivated; too low: reaction rate slow
NIAX B-8	20-150	Over high: catalyst deactivated; too low: reaction rate slow

Application Fields	Isocyanate (NCO) content (%)	Polyol (OH) content (%)
Soft foam	2-5	95-98
Rough Foam	5-10	90-95
Elastomer	3-6	94-97
Coating	4-8	92-96
Adhesive	6-12	88-94