Month: April 2024

Polyurethane catalyst K15 potassium isooctanoate 2-ethylhexanoate potassium salt CAS 3164-85-0

Overview:
Chinese name: Potassium Isooctanoate
Nicknames: catalyst K-15, polyurethane catalyst K-15, trimeric catalyst K-15, CAS 3164-85-0, hard foam trimeric catalyst K-15, hard foam catalyst K-15
English name: Potassium Octate
Molecular formula: C8H15O2K
Molecular weight: 182.30
CAS number: 3164-85-0
Chinese name
Potassium isooctanoate, potassium 2-ethylhexanoate, potassium 2-ethylhexanoate, potassium 2-ethylhexanoate hydrate, potassium 2-ethylhexanoate
Molecular structure:
See figure
Molecular formula:
C8H15KO2
Molecular weight:
one hundred and eighty-two point three
CAS number:
3164-85-0
EINECS number:
221-625-7
MDL number
MFCD00045896
molecular weight
one hundred and eighty-two point three
Physical and chemical properties:
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Viscosity (25 ℃, mPa. s): 5400
Density (25 ℃, g/cm3): 1.13
Water solubility: soluble in water
Flash point (PMCC, ℃): 138
Hydroxyl value (mgKOH/g): 271
English name: Kalium Octoate
Molecular formula: C8H15O2K
Molecular weight: 182.30
Content: ≥ 98%
Moisture content: ≤ 2%
CAS No.: 3164-85-0
Appearance: White to light yellow solid
characteristic
Excellent chemical stability. This product has the advantages of stable acid value, stable molecular weight, light color, and good catalytic effect, and can completely replace potassium naphthenate. The solubility of solutes belongs to total solubility. This product is a universal sodium salt agent used for the synthesis of antibiotic solvents. Compared with the traditional salt forming agent sodium acetate, its obvious advantages lie in its gentleness and stability after salt forming, and it can be dissolved in many organic solvents, which is conducive to the separation of anhydrous final products and improves the quality and yield of products.

Usage:
K-15 is usually a solid and is usually dissolved and diluted with diethylene glycol to form a solution;
K-15 is suitable for use in high viscosity polyol formulations to promote isocyanate reactions with high activity;
K-15 is widely used in spraying hard foam, PIR hard foam and other kinds of PU hard foam.
Mainly used as a salt forming agent for the synthesis of cephalosporin antibiotics, a crosslinking agent for polymer materials, a heat stabilizer for plastic products, a catalyst for polymerization reactions, and an additive for lubricating and fuel oils. In the polymerization process of polyester resin system, promoting the catalysis of cobalt soap effectively reduces the amount of cobalt used; It can also be used to make dyes, spices, preservatives, etc.
Application:
Polyurethane hard foam trimerization catalyst with high activity, suitable for spraying, hard foam, PIR hard foam, PU hard foam. It is recommended to add 3-5 PPHP (per 100 parts of polyols)
Storage and transportation:
Should be sealed and stored in a dry, cool, and ventilated warehouse
Packaging:
200KG/barrel storage: It is recommended to store in a dry and cool area with appropriate ventilation. Please tighten the packaging cover as soon as possible after the original packaging to prevent water ingress and other substances from affecting product performance. Do not inhale dust and avoid contact with skin and mucous membranes. Smoking, eating, and drinking are prohibited in the workplace. After work, take a shower and change clothes. Store contaminated clothes separately and reuse them after washing. Maintain good hygiene habits.
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Role of Dioctyltin Oxide as a Catalyst

Organotin stabilisers mainly include the following types:

  1. Aliphatic acid salts: for example, dibutyltin dilaurate, di-n-octyltin dilaurate, and so on. The tin atoms in this type of stabiliser can be coordinated with the chlorine atoms on the PVC molecular chain and inhibit the reaction of removing HCl through the replacement reaction, thus playing a stabilising role.
  2. Maleate salts: such as dibutyltin maleate, bis(monobutyl maleate) dibutyltin, di-n-octyltin maleate and so on. This type of stabiliser can react with the conjugated double bond in a bis-alkene addition reaction to inhibit the generation of polyolefin structures.
  3. Thiol salts: For example, bis(isooctylthiolate) tin n-octylate, di-n-octyltin bis(isobutyl mercaptoacetate), di-n-octyltin bis(isooctyl mercaptoacetate), and so on. The thioglycolic acid tin in this type of stabiliser has excellent thermal stability and is used in large quantities. Among them, bis(isooctylthioglycolate)tin is recognised as a non-toxic stabiliser. However, it should be noted that the self-lubricating property of sulfur-containing organostannic stabilizers is poor, so it is usually necessary to add appropriate lubricants in practical applications.

In addition, organotin stabilisers can be divided into mono-, di- and ternary organotin compounds according to their chemical structure. These compounds have a wide range of applications in the processing and production of PVC, plastics, rubber, ink, asphalt, adhesives and polymer materials such as PE, PP, ABS, PC, PA, PBT and so on.

The main difference between various organotin stabilisers lies in their chemical structure, mechanism of action and application areas. They have their own characteristics, for example, the stabilising effect of thiol salts stabilisers is the best, while aliphatic acid salts and maleates stabilisers achieve stabilising effect through different reaction mechanisms respectively. In addition, different organotin stabilisers may also differ in terms of cost, toxicity and compatibility with other stabilisers.

Overall, the selection of a suitable organotin stabiliser requires consideration of specific application scenarios, material requirements and cost. In actual application, it needs to be selected and adjusted according to the specific situation in order to achieve the best stabilising effect.

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Is N-methylmorpholine miscible with glacial acetic acid?

Acetic acid and ethyl acetate are mutually soluble.
To put it simply, they are similarly compatible; acetic acid and ethyl acetate are both organic, and organics are generally soluble with organics, especially below four carbons. Water and ethyl acetate are insoluble because one is organic and the other is inorganic, and there is a large difference in polarity.

Acetic acid, also called acetic acid (36% – 38%), glacial acetic acid (98%), chemical formula CH3COOH, is an organic monobasic acid, the main component of vinegar. Pure anhydrous acetic acid (glacial acetic acid) is a colourless hygroscopic solid with a freezing point of 16.6°C (62°F) and colourless crystals after solidification, which is weakly acidic and corrosive in its aqueous solution, and the vapour has an irritating effect on the eyes and nose.
Ethyl acetate is a colourless transparent liquid, low toxicity, sweet taste, irritating odour at higher concentration, volatile, sensitive to air, can absorb moisture, making it slowly hydrolysis and acidic reaction. Miscible with chloroform, ethanol, acetone and ether, soluble in water (10% ml/ml). Can dissolve some metal salts (such as lithium chloride, cobalt chloride, zinc chloride, iron chloride, etc.). Relative density 0.902. Melting point -83℃. Boiling point 77℃. Refractive index 1.3719. flash point 7.2°C (open cup). Flammable. Vapour can form explosive mixture with air. LD50 (rat, oral) 11.3ml/kg.

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PC-37 – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

Dabco foaming catalyst/polyurethane foaming catalyst NE300 – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

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bismuth neodecanoate/CAS 251-964-6 – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

stannous neodecanoate catalysts – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

polyurethane tertiary amine catalyst/Dabco 2039 catalyst – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

A Major Leap Forward: Organotin Catalyst Breakthrough Enhances PVC Production Efficiency and Reduces Toxicity

Introduction
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most widely used plastic materials, with applications ranging from construction and packaging to electronics and healthcare. However, the production of PVC involves the use of organotin catalysts, which have raised concerns due to their toxicity and environmental impact. A recent breakthrough in organotin catalyst research offers a potential solution, improving the efficiency of PVC production while reducing toxicity, thereby addressing both industrial and environmental challenges. This article will discuss the significance of this breakthrough, its implications for the PVC industry, and the potential benefits for the environment.
The Role of Organotin Catalysts in PVC Production
Organotin catalysts play a crucial role in the production of PVC, facilitating the polymerization process that transforms vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) into PVC. These catalysts are highly effective in controlling the molecular weight and polydispersity of the resulting PVC, ensuring the desired properties for various applications. However, the toxicity of organotin compounds and their potential to accumulate in the environment have led to increasing regulatory pressure and the search for safer alternatives.
The Breakthrough: A New Organotin Catalyst
A team of researchers has recently developed a novel organotin catalyst that significantly improves the efficiency of PVC production while reducing its toxicity. The new catalyst features a unique ligand design that enhances its stability and selectivity, enabling better control over the polymerization process. This results in the production of PVC with improved properties and reduced waste generation.
Moreover, the new organotin catalyst exhibits lower toxicity compared to conventional organotin compounds, addressing environmental and health concerns associated with their use. The reduced toxicity is attributed to the ligand design, which minimizes the release of toxic byproducts during the catalytic process.
Implications for the PVC Industry
The development of the new organotin catalyst represents a significant advancement for the PVC industry, offering several benefits:
Improved production efficiency: The enhanced stability and selectivity of the new catalyst enable more efficient polymerization, reducing energy consumption and lowering production costs.
Better product quality: The new catalyst allows for better control over the molecular weight and polydispersity of PVC, resulting in improved product properties and performance.
Reduced environmental impact: The lower toxicity of the new catalyst and the decreased generation of toxic byproducts contribute to a more environmentally friendly production process.
Regulatory compliance: As regulations on organotin compounds become increasingly stringent, the new catalyst offers a viable solution for the PVC industry to meet these requirements while maintaining production efficiency.
Potential Benefits for the Environment
The adoption of the new organotin catalyst in PVC production can lead to several environmental benefits:
Reduced toxic emissions: The lower toxicity of the new catalyst can help minimize the release of toxic substances into the environment during PVC production.
Decreased waste generation: The improved efficiency of the polymerization process can result in reduced waste generation, contributing to a more sustainable production cycle.
Lower energy consumption: The enhanced stability and selectivity of the new catalyst can lead to lower energy consumption during PVC production, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and conserving resources.
Conclusion
The breakthrough in organotin catalyst research offers a promising solution for the PVC industry, addressing both efficiency and environmental challenges. By improving the production process and reducing toxicity, the new catalyst has the potential to revolutionize PVC manufacturing, making it more sustainable and environmentally friendly. While further research and development are needed to optimize the new catalyst and scale up its production, this advancement underscores the importance of innovation in addressing industrial and environmental challenges.
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Harnessing the Power of the Sun: A Photocatalytic Breakthrough for Green Chemical Reactions

Introduction
The increasing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly chemical processes has driven researchers to explore alternative energy sources and innovative technologies. One such technology is photocatalysis, which uses light energy to drive chemical reactions, offering a promising solution for green chemistry. A recent breakthrough in photocatalytic materials has the potential to revolutionize the field by enabling more efficient and sustainable chemical transformations using solar energy. This essay will discuss the concept of photocatalysis, the challenges associated with current photocatalytic materials, and the significance of the new material in advancing green chemistry.
Photocatalysis: A Promising Solution for Green Chemistry
Photocatalysis is a process in which a photocatalyst, typically a semiconductor material, absorbs light energy to generate electron-hole pairs. These charge carriers can then initiate chemical reactions, such as oxidation and reduction, without being consumed in the process. Photocatalysis offers several advantages over conventional chemical processes, including the use of renewable solar energy, mild reaction conditions, and reduced waste generation.
Challenges Associated with Current Photocatalytic Materials
Despite the potential of photocatalysis, the widespread adoption of this technology has been hindered by several challenges associated with current photocatalytic materials. These challenges include:
Limited solar energy utilization: Many photocatalysts can only absorb a narrow range of the solar spectrum, resulting in inefficient use of solar energy.
Rapid electron-hole recombination: The charge carriers generated in the photocatalyst often recombine quickly, reducing the efficiency of the photocatalytic process.
Stability and durability: Photocatalysts can degrade or become deactivated under prolonged exposure to light, limiting their lifespan and effectiveness.
Scalability and cost: The synthesis and fabrication of photocatalytic materials can be complex and expensive, hindering their large-scale application.
The New Photocatalytic Material: A Game-Changer for Green Chemistry
A recent breakthrough in photocatalytic materials addresses many of the challenges associated with current technologies. Scientists have developed a new material that exhibits enhanced solar energy utilization, improved charge carrier separation, and excellent stability, making it a promising candidate for green chemical reactions.
The new material is a hybrid of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs). MOFs are porous materials composed of metal ions or clusters connected by organic linkers, offering high surface area and tunable properties. GQDs are nanometer-sized fragments of graphene with unique optical and electronic properties. The combination of MOFs and GQDs in the new material results in synergistic effects that enhance its photocatalytic performance.
The hybrid material exhibits broad-spectrum light absorption, enabling it to utilize a larger portion of the solar spectrum for photocatalytic reactions. Moreover, the integration of GQDs facilitates efficient charge carrier separation and transfer, reducing electron-hole recombination and improving the overall efficiency of the photocatalytic process. The new material also demonstrates excellent stability and durability under prolonged light exposure, ensuring consistent performance and a longer lifespan.
Implications and Future Prospects
The development of the new photocatalytic material represents a significant step towards more efficient and sustainable chemical processes. By harnessing solar energy for green chemical reactions, the material can contribute to reduced energy consumption, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and minimized waste generation.
However, challenges remain in scaling up the synthesis and fabrication of the new material for commercial applications. Continued research and development efforts are needed to optimize the material’s performance, reduce its cost, and address potential scale-up challenges.
Conclusion
The breakthrough in photocatalytic materials offers a promising solution for green chemistry, enabling more efficient and sustainable chemical transformations using solar energy. The new hybrid material, composed of MOFs and GQDs, addresses many of the challenges associated with current photocatalytic technologies, offering enhanced solar energy utilization, improved charge carrier separation, and excellent stability. While challenges remain in scaling up the material for commercial applications, the advancement underscores the potential of photocatalysis to drive progress in sustainable chemistry.
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A Breakthrough in Hydrogen Production: New Catalyst Boosts Efficiency and Sustainability

Introduction
Hydrogen is a promising clean energy carrier that can play a crucial role in the transition towards a sustainable energy future. However, the large-scale production of hydrogen remains a significant challenge due to the high energy requirements and environmental impact of conventional methods. A recent breakthrough in catalyst technology offers a potential solution to these challenges, significantly increasing the efficiency of hydrogen production while reducing its environmental footprint. This essay will discuss the importance of hydrogen as a clean energy source, the limitations of current production methods, and the potential of the newly developed catalyst to revolutionize hydrogen production.
The Importance of Hydrogen as a Clean Energy Source
Hydrogen is an attractive energy carrier due to its high energy density, abundance, and the fact that it produces only water as a byproduct when used in fuel cells. It can be used in various applications, such as transportation, power generation, and industrial processes, offering a viable alternative to fossil fuels. Moreover, hydrogen can be produced from renewable sources, such as water, biomass, and waste, enabling a sustainable and low-carbon energy system.
Limitations of Current Hydrogen Production Methods
Currently, the majority of hydrogen is produced through steam methane reforming (SMR), a process that involves reacting methane with steam at high temperatures to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide. While SMR is an efficient and well-established method, it relies on natural gas as a feedstock and generates significant amounts of carbon dioxide emissions.
Electrolysis, the process of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity, is a more environmentally friendly alternative to SMR. However, the high energy requirements and the limited efficiency of conventional electrolysis techniques have hindered its widespread adoption. To overcome these challenges, researchers have been exploring new materials and technologies to improve the efficiency and sustainability of hydrogen production.
The New Catalyst: A Game-Changer for Hydrogen Production
A recent breakthrough in catalyst technology has the potential to revolutionize hydrogen production. Scientists have developed a new catalyst that significantly increases the efficiency of the electrolysis process, making it more competitive with conventional methods.
The new catalyst is based on earth-abundant materials, such as iron, cobalt, and nickel, which are more cost-effective and environmentally friendly than the precious metals commonly used in commercial catalysts. The catalyst’s unique structure and composition enable it to facilitate the water-splitting reaction more efficiently, reducing the energy requirements and lowering the overpotential, the extra voltage needed to drive the reaction.
Moreover, the new catalyst exhibits excellent stability and durability, maintaining its performance even under harsh operating conditions. This feature is crucial for large-scale hydrogen production, as it ensures consistent performance and reduces the need for frequent catalyst replacement.
Implications and Future Prospects
The development of the new catalyst represents a significant step towards more efficient and sustainable hydrogen production. By increasing the efficiency of electrolysis, the catalyst can help to reduce the energy requirements and the environmental impact of hydrogen production, making it more competitive with conventional methods.
Furthermore, the use of earth-abundant materials in the catalyst’s design addresses the cost and supply constraints associated with precious metal-based catalysts. This advancement can facilitate the widespread adoption of electrolysis for hydrogen production, contributing to the growth of the hydrogen economy.
However, challenges remain in scaling up the new catalyst for commercial applications and integrating it with renewable energy sources. Continued research and development efforts are needed to optimize the catalyst’s performance, reduce its cost, and address potential scale-up challenges.
Conclusion
The newly developed catalyst for hydrogen production offers a promising solution to the challenges associated with current production methods. By significantly increasing the efficiency of electrolysis, the catalyst can contribute to a more sustainable and low-carbon energy system. While challenges remain in scaling up the technology and integrating it with renewable energy sources, the breakthrough underscores the potential of catalyst innovation to drive progress in clean energy production.
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The Role of Morpholine: Chemical Properties, Applications, and Environmental Considerations

Introduction
Morpholine is a versatile organic compound with the molecular formula C4H9NO. It is a cyclic secondary amine that contains a four-carbon ring with a nitrogen atom, making it structurally similar to piperidine and piperazine. Morpholine has a wide range of applications in various industries, including chemical synthesis, pharmaceuticals, and water treatment. This essay will discuss the chemical properties of morpholine, its applications, and the environmental considerations associated with its use.
Chemical Properties of Morpholine
Morpholine is a colorless, oily liquid with a mild, ammonia-like odor. It is miscible with water and most organic solvents, making it a useful solvent in various chemical reactions. Morpholine has a relatively high boiling point (128.5°C) and a low melting point (-3.2°C), which facilitate its purification and handling.
As a secondary amine, morpholine exhibits basic properties and can act as a weak base. It has a pKa value of 8.3, which means it can accept a proton from acids to form morpholinium ions. This property makes morpholine a valuable reagent in chemical synthesis, as it can be used to neutralize acids, catalyze reactions, and act as a nucleophile.
Applications of Morpholine
Chemical Synthesis: Morpholine is widely used as a reagent and solvent in chemical synthesis. Its basic properties make it an effective catalyst in various reactions, such as esterification, transesterification, and acylation. Morpholine can also act as a nucleophile in the formation of amides, imines, and other nitrogen-containing compounds.
Pharmaceuticals: Morpholine and its derivatives are important building blocks in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. They are used in the production of various drugs, such as antibiotics, antifungals, and antidepressants. For example, the antifungal drug amphotericin B contains a morpholine moiety that enhances its solubility and bioavailability.
Water Treatment: Morpholine is used as a corrosion inhibitor in water treatment systems. It forms a protective film on metal surfaces, preventing the corrosive action of water, oxygen, and other chemicals. Morpholine is particularly effective in neutralizing acidic conditions, making it suitable for use in cooling water systems, boilers, and steam condensate lines.
Paints and Coatings: Morpholine and its derivatives are used as additives in paints and coatings to improve their performance and durability. They can act as dispersants, wetting agents, and emulsifiers, enhancing the stability and application properties of paint formulations.
Environmental Considerations
While morpholine has numerous useful applications, its production and use can have environmental implications.
Emissions and Waste: The production of morpholine can generate emissions and waste containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and other pollutants. Proper emission control and waste management practices are essential for minimizing the environmental impact of morpholine production.
Aquatic Toxicity: Morpholine is relatively toxic to aquatic organisms, with a low LC50 value (the concentration that kills 50% of test organisms) for fish and invertebrates. This toxicity can pose risks to aquatic ecosystems if morpholine is released into the environment through industrial effluents or accidental spills.
Biodegradation and Persistence: Morpholine is biodegradable under aerobic conditions, which means it can be broken down by microorganisms in the environment. However, its biodegradation rate can be slow, and it may persist in the environment for extended periods, particularly under anaerobic conditions.
Conclusion
Morpholine is a versatile organic compound with a wide range of applications in chemical synthesis, pharmaceuticals, water treatment, and paints and coatings. Its unique chemical properties, such as its basicity and solubility, make it a valuable reagent and solvent in various industrial processes. However, the environmental considerations associated with its production and use, such as emissions, aquatic toxicity, and persistence, necessitate responsible management practices. By understanding the roles and implications of morpholine, we can better navigate the challenges and opportunities it presents in various industries.
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New Catalyst Design: A Promising Solution to Industrial Emissions Problems

Industrial emissions, particularly those containing greenhouse gases and other harmful pollutants, have been a significant concern for environmentalists and scientists worldwide. These emissions contribute to climate change, air pollution, and various health issues. To address these challenges, researchers have been working on developing new catalyst designs that can efficiently mitigate industrial emissions and promote cleaner production processes. This essay will discuss a new catalyst design that holds promise in solving industrial emissions problems.

 

Catalysts are materials that accelerate chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. They play a crucial role in various industries, including chemical manufacturing, energy production, and pollution control. Traditional catalysts, however, often face limitations such as low efficiency, poor selectivity, and rapid deactivation, which hinder their performance in addressing industrial emissions. The new catalyst design aims to overcome these challenges by incorporating advanced materials and innovative structural features.

 

One of the key innovations in the new catalyst design is the use of nanostructured materials. These materials exhibit unique properties, such as high surface area, tunable composition, and controlled morphology, which can significantly enhance catalytic performance. For instance, researchers have developed metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as efficient catalysts for various reactions, including the conversion of pollutants into harmless or valuable products.

 

Another essential aspect of the new catalyst design is the rational engineering of active sites. Active sites are specific locations on the catalyst’s surface where reactions occur. By tailoring the structure and composition of these sites, researchers can improve the catalyst’s selectivity and efficiency in targeting specific pollutants. For example, single-atom catalysts, which consist of isolated metal atoms anchored on a support material, have shown exceptional performance in reactions such as CO oxidation, NOx reduction, and hydrocarbon conversion.

The new catalyst design also emphasizes the importance of synergistic effects between different components. By combining multiple materials or functional groups, researchers can create catalysts with enhanced performance and stability. For instance, bimetallic catalysts, which contain two different metal elements, can exhibit unique electronic and geometric properties that improve their catalytic activity and selectivity. Similarly, core-shell catalysts, where one material is coated with another, can offer protection against deactivation and enable better control over reaction pathways.
In addition to these features, the new catalyst design considers the integration of advanced characterization techniques and computational modeling. These tools can provide valuable insights into the structure-activity relationships of catalysts, enabling researchers to optimize their performance and predict their behavior under different reaction conditions. For example, in situ spectroscopy can reveal the dynamic changes in the catalyst’s structure during a reaction, while density functional theory (DFT) calculations can help identify the most favorable reaction pathways and active sites.

 

The new catalyst design has shown promising results in addressing industrial emissions problems. For instance, researchers have developed catalysts that can efficiently convert CO2 into valuable chemicals, such as methanol, ethylene, and formic acid, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting sustainable chemical production. In another example, a novel catalyst has been designed to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from industrial waste streams, converting them into harmless products like CO2 and water.

 

In conclusion, the new catalyst design offers a promising solution to industrial emissions problems by incorporating advanced materials, innovative structural features, and cutting-edge characterization techniques. These catalysts have the potential to significantly improve the efficiency and selectivity of chemical reactions, enabling cleaner production processes and reduced environmental impact. However, further research and development are needed to overcome remaining challenges, such as scaling up the production of these catalysts and ensuring their long-term stability under industrial conditions. By continuing to advance catalyst design, we can pave the way for a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future.
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Classification of Polyimide

Since polycondensation polyimide has the disadvantages as mentioned above, in order to overcome these disadvantages, polymerisation polyimide has been developed. The main ones that have gained wide application are polybismaleimide and norbornene-based end-capped polyimides. Usually, these resins are low relative molecular mass polyimides with unsaturated groups at the ends, and then polymerised by unsaturated end groups when applied.
①Polybismaleimide
Polybismaleimide is made by polycondensation of maleic anhydride and aromatic diamine. Compared with polyimide, its performance is not bad, but the synthesis process is simple, easy post-processing, low cost, can be easily made into a variety of composite products. But the cured material is more brittle.
②Norbornene-based capped polyimide resin
One of the most important is developed by NASA Lewis Research Center, a class of PMR (for insitu polymerization of monomer reactants, monomer reactants in situ polymerization) type polyimide resins. RMR-type polyimide resins are aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, aromatic diamine and 5-norbornene-2, 3-dicarboxylic acid monoalkyl ester, aromatic diamine and 5-norbornene-2, 3-dicarboxylic acid monoalkyl esters. 3-dicarboxylic acid monomers such as dialkyl esters of aromatic tetracarboxylic acids, aromatic diamines and monoalkyl esters of 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid are dissolved in a tasted alcohol (e.g., methanol or ethanol) to produce a solution that can be used directly to impregnate fibres. Polyimide is a molecular structure containing imide-based chain links of aromatic heterocyclic polymer compounds, the English name Polyimide (referred to as PI), can be divided into benzene-type PI, soluble PI, polyamide-imide (PAI) and polyetherimide (PEI) four categories.

Extended Reading：

PC-37 – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

Dabco foaming catalyst/polyurethane foaming catalyst NE300 – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

DABCO EG/PC CAT TD 33EG/Niax A-533 – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

FASCAT4100 catalyst – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

T120 1185-81-5 di(dodecylthio) dibutyltin – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

DABCO 1027/foaming retarder – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

DBU – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

bismuth neodecanoate/CAS 251-964-6 – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

stannous neodecanoate catalysts – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

polyurethane tertiary amine catalyst/Dabco 2039 catalyst – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

Does using polyimide resin powder affect the air?

Polyimide resin powder in the sintering curing process, may produce some emissions, mainly including: 1. formaldehyde: due to the polyimide resin powder contains formaldehyde groups, so in the sintering curing, will release a small amount of formaldehyde exhaust. 2. ammonia: polyimide resin powder in the sintering curing process, may release a small amount of ammonia exhaust. 3. carbon dioxide: in the high temperature, polyimide resin powder will decomposition Carbon dioxide exhaust gas is generated. Precautions: 1. Temperature and time should be strictly controlled during the sintering and curing process to avoid generating excessive exhaust gases. 2. Necessary exhaust and protective measures should be taken to ensure the safety of the working environment. 3. Hazards: 1. Formaldehyde is a hazardous substance and is harmful to human health. Long-term exposure to formaldehyde may lead to respiratory diseases, cancer and other illnesses. 2. Ammonia and carbon dioxide are also harmful gases. Long-term exposure to these gases may cause headaches, coughing, shortness of breath and other uncomfortable symptoms. At the same time, the emission of these gases may also pollute the atmosphere and affect air quality.
During the sintering and curing process of polyimide resin powder, the main exhaust gases produced are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, nitrates, organic gases and water vapour. Among them, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are mainly emitted by fuel combustion; nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides are mainly generated due to the organic substances contained in the surface materials during sintering; nitrates are mainly generated due to the nitrides contained in the structural materials; organic gases are mainly generated due to the organic substances contained in the surface materials during sintering; and water vapour is mainly generated due to the water contained in the structural materials.

Extended Reading：

PC-37 – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

Dabco foaming catalyst/polyurethane foaming catalyst NE300 – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

DABCO EG/PC CAT TD 33EG/Niax A-533 – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

FASCAT4100 catalyst – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

T120 1185-81-5 di(dodecylthio) dibutyltin – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

DABCO 1027/foaming retarder – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

DBU – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

bismuth neodecanoate/CAS 251-964-6 – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

stannous neodecanoate catalysts – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

polyurethane tertiary amine catalyst/Dabco 2039 catalyst – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)